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Indian Agricultural
Research Institute, New Delhi.

I. A. R. L 6.

MGIPO—S t—r>l AR/.17—3-4-58—5,000.

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

BULLETIN OF
MISCELLANEOUS
INFORMATION
1932

ms n/34

LONDON*

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1933

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CONTENTS,

No.

Article.

Subject.

Page.

4 1

I .

Ledger Bark and Red Bark -' -

Contributions to the Flora of Tropical America :

IX.

III

Preliminary List of Fungi or Diseases of

Economic Plants in Tanganyika Territory -

Entandrophragma C 3 ’lindricum -

The Occurrence of the genus Aceratium

(Elaeocarpaceae) in Australia -

Miscellaneous Notes.

' VII

The Koenig Collection in the Lund Herbarium

VIII

New Species of Nototriche from Bolivia

Contributions to the Flora of Tropical America:

X .

Tropical African Plants : IX. ....

Chidlowia, a new tree genus of Caesalpiniaceae

from West Tropical Africa -

101

• XII

Contributions to the Flora of Burma : X

103

XIII

Miscellaneous Notes ------

106

XIV

Some Indian Rhodophyceae, especially from the

shores of the Presidency of Bombay: II

113

Two new Ferns from Colombia -

134

XVI

Contributions to the Flora of Siam: XXXIII -

137

XVII

Erythrophysa alata ------

149

XVIU

Notes on African Grasses : XII - -

151

XIX

Notes on the Flora of Southern Africa: I

152

Miscellaneous Notes ------

155

XXI

A Revision of the genus Leycesteria -

161

XXII

Contributions towards a Flora of British North

Borneo: I -------

176

.XXIII

Contributions to the Flora of Tropical America:

XI.

183

XXIV

African Orchids: III - - - - - ■

188

XXV

On the Flora of the Nearer East: Xl - - * i

193

XXVI

Plants New to Assam: IV - - -

198

XXVII

Miscellaneous Notes - - - - - - ■

203

5 1

XXVIH

Contributions to the Flora of Tropical America;

XII.- - - -

209

XXIX

Researches on Silene maritima and S. vulgaris:

VIII - - - -.

229

XXX

On the Identity of Aeonitum acaule Diels -

241

XXXI

New or little-known plants from South India: I

245

XXXII

On the Flora of the Nearer East: XH

248

XXXIII

Miscellaneous Notes -

250

XXXIV

New Trees and Shrubs from Tropical Africa

257*

XXXV

Researches on Silene maritima and S. vulgaris:

TX.. - - -

271

XXXVI

Contributions to the Flora of Siam: XXXIV -

276

No.

Article.

Subject.

Page.

XXXVII Two new Species of Dentella

289

XXXVIII

Contributions towards a Flora of British North

Borneo: II-

292

XXXIX

Botanical Names of Lavender and Spike -

295

Inezia, a New Genus of Compositae from Soutlfe

Africa. J -

297

XLI

Miscellaneous Notes ' -

298

XLII

Contributions to the Flora of Tropical America :

XIII.

305

XLIII

Decades Kewenses : Decas CXXVIII

317

XLIV

New South African Iridaceae -

326

XLV

Contributions to the Flora of Siam : XXXV -

330

XLVI

African Orchids: IV ----- -

338

XLVII

The genus Strobilanthopsis -

344 .

xlviii

Plants New to Assam : V

348

XLIX

Laugeria “ Vahl ”=Terebraria Kuntze --

349

Miscellaneous Notes ------

350

Canthium in British East Africa -

353

LII

Researches on Silene maritima and S. vulgaris:

x .

390

LIH

Contributions to the Flora of Tropical America:

XIV.

395

LIV

Oiticica (Licania rigida) -----

406

Miscellaneous Notes.

411

LVI

The Grassland Vegetation of the Cameroons

Mountain - -- -- -- -

417

LVII

Contributions to the Flora of Siam: XXXVI -

| 425

LVHI

A new species of Arborescent Senecio from

' LIX

Ru. wen sari (Seaecio erioneuron) -

Preliminary Investigations in Grafting Coffee at
Amaai, E&st Africa - - -

438

440

Notes on the Fkwa trf Southern Africa: II -

443

LX1

On the Flora of the Nearer East: XIII -

450

LXII

A new Berberis from Chile and Argentina -

454

LXIII

The Genus Mariscopsis -----

457

LXIV

Miscellaneous Notes ------

459

LXV

The Arborescent Senecios of Mount Elgon -

465

LXVI

Contributions to the Flora of Siam: XXXVII

| 475

LXVII

New species from Mount Elgon -

487

lxviii

Notes on the Flora of Southern Africa : III

510

lxix

Miscellaneous Notes v

512

******

Review of the Work of the Royal Botanic

l i

—

Gardens, Kew. during 1931 *

. -— v i

Review of the Work of fee Royal Botanic

Gardens, Kew, daring 1932 -

BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS
INFORMATION No. I 1932

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS,* KEW

I.— LEDGER BARK AND RED BARK. J. H. Holland.

In the Kew Bulletin No. 3, 1931, pp. 113-117, particulars are
given of the introduction of Peruvian or Cinchona bark into India.
The article, however, only deals with the subject in a general way
and it has been thought 'desirable to give some information on the
introduction of Cinchona C ahsaya var. Ledger iana to the East and
the importance of this species together with C. succimbra to the
cultivation of Cinchona at the present time.

The Introduction and Establishment of Ledgeriana.

The story of this introduction is of special interest. It begins
in 1851 when Charles Ledger, by whose agency the seeds were
collected, was inteiested in the Cinchona bark and Alpaca wool
trade of Peru and Bolivia. In that year he made an attempt to
reach the Amazon through the Bolivian Province of Caupohcan,
and noted on the banks of the Mamore the trees of Calisaya
from which his seed was obtained some fourteen years later. He
was accompanied by bis servant Manuel Incra Mamani, an experi¬
enced bark collector who had been in his employ since 1843
(Markham, Peruvian Bark, 1860-1880 p. 213). Sir Clements
Markham devotes a chapter (l.c. pp. 212-216) to ” Mr. Ledger’s
services m procuring Calisaya from Bolivia ” in which he refers to a
journey made by Ledger in 1S58 to Australia with a flock of Alpacas,
and goes on to say that “ on his return to South America he heard of
the enterprise which I had initiated and put in train for introducing
cinchona cultivation into India. It appears that he made some
attempt to open up communications with me which unfortunately
was not successful.” He relates how* " in his endeavour to secure a
supply of the best Calisaya seeds Mr. Ledger sent for his old servant
Manuel in 1861 and gave him the necessary instructions for collecting
seeds from the best kinds of Cascarilla trees.” It was not, however,
until 1865 that the commission could be fulfilled.

The only authority who seems to have been in direct corres¬
pondence with Ledger on Cinchona is Mr. John Eliot Howard, who,
quoting from Mr. Ledger’s original letters (see Pharm. Joura.
March 13, 1880, p. 730) under date Dec. 22nd, 1874, states:—
“ Manuel Incra Mamani deli ' 3 x '*' ^ collected in June

iMj 5- He then told me that the best bark trees had not produced
ripe '•if 11 for four yt^rs previously. When the trees were full of
fiovur and m* st promi'inc a frost \hdada) in April destroyed it all.
The inft rior sorts Lad not suffered. He had been cutting bark with
hi* sons and patiently waited for an opportunity for complying with
my ordem. rbtaininc; only the best sort.”

Howard aoes on to say that“ the seed producing the Ledgeriana
\va> gathered according to Manuel from about fifty trees, chiefly of
the Rojo sort. . . . The C ah say a Ledgei iana of Java is, as I have
<Lo\\n, the legitimate produce of the seed of the 50 trees above
mentioned. I should think no botanist has been within some hun¬
dred mile* of the almost inaccessible banks of the Mamore w T here
thc>e wt rt met with. . . . The first portion of the above seed passed
into the hand' of the Dutch Government. In my work* the reader
will find particulars about its reception in Java.

** Owing to Mr. Ledger’s good drying and care the seed arrived
in such condition that it had not lost its germinative power. I
inspected the remainder at the request of the British purchasers
and found it apparent!}' of the best quality and condition.”

The best account of the final disposal of the seeds would appear
to be that of Karel Wessel van Gorkom (“ Handbook of Cinchona
Culture.” Transl. from the Dutch by B. D. Jackson, pp. 90-95):—

“ By July of the same year Ledger had sent the seeds from Arica
to his brother in London, to offer them to the English government.
As luck would have it an opportunity to enter into correspondence
with the English government did not soon present itself, and so the
greater part of the seed was bought by Mr. J. \Y. B. Money, the
possessor of extensive Cinchona plantations in British India. With
the remainder. Ledger turned to the Dutch government, a pre¬
liminary deposit of 100 francs was paid, to which a moderate addition
would afterward^ be added on the germination of the seed in Java,
and if it appeared to belong to a good sort.

“ These seeds then came in December 1S65 into the possession of
the Director of Cinchona culture, who one year afterwards was able
to report, that about 20.000 had germinated. Ledger thereupon
received a further sum of 500 francs and was therewith well content.

** Meanwhile Money had not himself used the seed he had
bought, but had exchanged it for C. succirubra seed with Mclvor,
the head of the Government Cinchona culture in Madras. The
reason for this was, that he considered his own plantation to be
situated too high for the cultivation of C.Calisava, under which name
Ledger had oftered his treasure. On the other hand, Mclvor had
already expressed himself repeatedly as not prepossessed in favour
of C. CaHsaya cultivation. The Ledger seed was sown at Ootacamund
but produced no plants, at least if any there were, they were not

•The Qmnok>gy of the East Indian Plantations, p. 51—letter from
Mr. Moens dated Bandong, Java, 5 Dec. 1873, to Mr. Howard.

specially noticed or mentioned.* From a small quantity parted
with to a colleague in Bengal, a few trees were raised in Sikkim
which first began to attract a ttention, when the fame of the Ledger-
Calisaya spread afterwards from Java.”

A "footnote on this page adds that “ The Superintendent of the
Government Cinchona nurseries in Bengal, Mr. Gammie, obtained
about 800 plants from Ledger’s seed and made so many cuttings
from them that in 1880 he planted 10 acres of ground with it.
Moens, who has seen this planting, says that the type is quite like
that we have in Java, but the plants had not developed so strongly.”
Watt (Comm. Prod. India, 1908, p. 304) refers to this ro acres
reported by Mr. Gammie (in iS 80 at Sikkim) under Ledgeriana,
which “ in time became the parent stock of the plants in the present
Bengal Plantations.”

In the same year, when the trees of Ledgeriana raised from the
original stock were apparently producing seeds, the Director of
Kew (Sir J. D. Hooker) in Kew Report 1880 (p. 11) stated that " A
very large number of applications has been addressed to Kew for a
supply of seed. This has been partially responded to, partly
through the courtesy of the Dutch Government and partly by a
supply from the Indian Government plantations in Sikkim.

“ In 1876 some seed was received at Kew from Java, and part
of this was communicated to Mr. J. E. Howard, F.R.S., who raised
seedlings. He carefully selected the most promising of these . . .
and very kindly supplied Kew with cuttings. . . . Three of the
rooted cuttings were given to Mr. J. H. Campbell, of Lindoola,
Ceylon, who was anxious to have a perfectly authentic strain . . .
Three other plants propagated at Kew from the same authentic strain
were sent to Jamaica. Mr. Morris reported (September 22) that he
was ' delighted with their fine healthy condition.’ . . . Mr. Shubrick
writes from Greenway, Ootacamund (December 21) a private letter in
, which there is much interesting information on the local Cinchona
culture :—* The Ledgeriana seed from Java reached me quite safely.
I sowed it carefully in the open air, and both beds, for I kept the
packets distinct, germinated well, but very slowly. Several of my

*Dr. King, in Ms Manual of Cinchona Cultivation in India (1876) p. 15,
states that Mr. Money exchanged “ no less than thirteen pounds of seeds of
the finest Bolivian varieties of this species [C. Caltsayd] which had been col¬
lected by Mr. Ledger, for a quantity of the Red Bark seed, which had by that
time began to he freely produced on the Nilgiii plantation. These thirteen
pounds, on Mr. Mclvor’s lowest calculation of 20,000 seeds to the ounce, should
have yielded four millions of plants. Only 60,000 plants were however
raised, but these proved to be of three most excellent sorts.”

In a report made to the Colonial Secretary, Ceylon, August 20th, I860
(see Kew Report 1880 p. 33), by Dr, Trimen, it was stated :—-' From Mr.
Ledger's seed sent to the Nilgins it is reported that 60,000 seedlings were
raised. It would appear that most of these died out, though probably some
still exist in Wynaad. A pinch of seed from Southern India was sown in
theSikkim Plantations and Dr. King considers the trees which have resulted
there to be precisely the ^ame as some of the forms of Ledgeriana which he saw
inJaVa.

neighbours got packets from Mr. Moens, the Government Gardens at
Neddivattum "Naduvattamf, and the Liddellsdale Company large
packets; both had glass houses and their plants did well, though
my beds gave infinitely more plants.

In iSSo Ledgeriana was in strong demand in Jamaica where,
with the plants sent by Sir Joseph Hooker from Kew, fresh seed
direct from Mr. Moens in Java and from Dr. King in India, this
valuable plant was being well established by Mr. (now Sir Daniel)
Morris, {see Kew Report 1S81, p. ioh

In 184S when t~ali<aya was regarded as the most important
of the Cinchona barks used in medicine, Dr. Weddell, the French
explorer, who had visited the Tambopata valley the previous year,
described it as a new speck's (Ann. Sc. Nat. Series iii, x. p. 6) ;
Howard described Ledger Bark as Cinchona Calisaya Wedd. var.
Ledgeriana with Dr. Weddell’s concurrence in 1876 (Quin. E. Indian
Plantations, p. 84) and Trimen described it as C. Ledgeriana Moens,
MSS. in 1SS1 (Joum. Bot. xix. p. 323b*

It may be asked why, when the bulk of the seed which Ledger
brought to Europe found its w T ay to India (13 lbs. were bought by
Money and only 1 lb. is said to have been sold to the Dutch Govern¬
ment) it was left to the Dutch workers in Java to discover the merits
of this plant.

The chief reason for this was that Markham selected the Niigiris
as the main acclimatisation station for the introduction of seed and
planting material obtained by him, and by the collecting parties
working with him, in S. America. Unfortunately only certain
species of Cinchona when tried were found to thrive under the
conditions which prevailed there—notably C. succirnbra and C.
officinalis. As already quoted, Mclvor was not in favour of Calisaya
types of Cinchona, having seen the failure of the whole of Markham’s
collection of some 450 plants, which he had with such care collected
in the forests of Caravaya, transported over the snow-covered Andes,
and finally conveyed in Wardian cases to Ootacamund. It was not
likely then that Mclvor would expect much success from the Ledger
seed, and though he appears to have raised 60,000 seedlings nothing
more was heard of them. It was fortunate, however, that a small
quantity of this seed found its way to Sikkim, where Calisaya was
found to thrive fairly well, but, as Moens says, these Ledger seedlings
there had not developed as strongly as the plants from the same seed
when grown in Java, nor has the bark ever analysed as well. Here
fortune was with the Dutch experimenters, as the Ledger seedlings
which they rais ed from Ledger’s seed were tried on the volcanic

♦With regard to the taxonomy of C. Calisaya and C. Ledgeriana, we do not
consider the latter a distinct species. It may be either a variety or a hybrid of
C. Calisaya. In the droimstaaces we recommend that it should be called
“ C. Cahsayu var. Ledgeriana. Hence in the present paper Ledger Bark is
referred to as C. CaHsnya var. Ledgeriana, and occasionally simply Ledgeriana.
hi quoted passages, the mmae given by respective authors axe retained.
T. A. Swuksot and H. tf.flfercwrrfs.

4 ,

soils of the i xeanger district, which, even at the present time, grows
a large proportion of the total Java acreage and produces 75 per cent,
of the total Java quinine output.

In 1872, on the discovery of the superior value of Ledger Bark in
Java, Dr. van Gorkom (Cinch. Cult. p. 93) held with Moens the view
that “ the future must be sought for in C. Ledgeriana, that joined to
it for the preparation of Quinine only C. officinalis could be noticed
and for the production of * druggists’ ’ bark C. succirubra deserves
the front rank,” and it was decided that " all plants of every other
variety were to be turned out of the nurseries.”

In British India, of the species comprising the Grey barks, which
^’ere collected by Pritchett in the forests of Huanuco and Huamalies
in N. Peru and introduced into Sikkim, Dr. King reported that
** Cinchona micrantha , C. peruviana and C. nitida being poor in
Quinine, the cultivation of these species is now no longer carried on,”
and that “ Cinchona Pakudiana* proved worthless, and its cultivation
has long since been entirely abandoned ” (King, Manual of Cinchona,
Calcutta, 1876, p. 20).

Quinine versus Cinchona Alkaloids.

As the object of the Government of India from the outset has
been to supply the people of India with a cheap febrifuge rather than
to grow barks with a high quinine content, and as analyses showed
that the Cinchona species under trial varied greatly in the propor¬
tions in which the various alkaloids were present, it soon became
evident that the therapeutical value of the alkaloids other than
quinine should be investigated. Accordingly Commissions were set
up in the Bengal, Madras, and Bombay Presidencies in 1866.

The findings of the Bengal and Bombay Commissions were sub¬
stantially the same as those of the Madras Commission, which were
conveyed in a report from the Government of Madras to the Secretary
of State for India, dated 25th March, 1S67.

In this report (para. 8} it was stated " the main conclusion
which the Members of the Commission have derived from the data
before them is that the alkaloids hitherto but little valued in medi¬
cine, are scarcely, if at all, inferior as therapeutical agents to quinine,”
and the Secretary of State in the course of his reply dated 24th May,
1867, agreed that * l This result is so important, with reference to
the value of those Cinchona species now cultivated in the Govern¬
ment plantations which yield quinidine, chinchonidine, and chin-
chonine, that it should be made generally known. I have, therefore,
directed copies of the report to be furnished to leading physicians
and chemists in Great Britain and on the continent.” The Medical
Committee was by order of Her Majesty’s Secretary of State for
India supplied with the three alkaloids mentioned for these tests

♦This was a new species originally introduced from Pern into Java {Dec.
1854) by M. Hasskarl, the leader of the Dutch expedition to South America
(1853-1854) to collect seeds of Calisaya. Its cultivation for the same reason
(see p. 11) was abandoned in Java in 1862.

from the manufactory of Messrs. Howard & Sons (Pailia mentary
Returns on East India Cinchona Cultivation, 9th Aug., 1870, pp.
108,1151.

This was a great step forward, but it was not for some time
that adequate action could be taken to put these results into effect.
This involved the study of cheap and efficient methods of alkaloid
extraction and the establishment of Government factories in India.
Thus it was not until 1875 that a febrifuge made from the mixed
alkaloids of C. succirubra, after being tested by the medical service
of Bengal and being found a satisfactory substitute for quinine, was
manufactured in bulk at a cheap price.

In addition to the Commissions set up in the three Presidencies
to investigate the therapeutical value of the Cinchona alkaloids, the
Secretary of State for India in the same year (Sept. 1866) appointed
Mr. John Broughton, an analytical chemist, “ to conduct investiga¬
tions in concert with the superintendent of chinchona plantations
on the Neilgherry Hills.’ 1 He proceeded to his station at Ootaca-
mund, Madras, in December of the same year. At this period the
Secretary' of State for India, in his letter of appointment to
Mr. Broughton, stated that “ the oldest trees on the Neilgherries
have now been planted out nearly 4 years, and the analyses of their
barks which have been made by Mr. Howard prove that there is a
very' marked increase of the yield of febrifuge alkaloids under
cultivation. The time lias now come, therefore, when it is necessary
to investigate the causes which regulate the yield of alkaloids from
cultivated cinchona barks and to ascertain the preparation of the
febrifuge which will combine cheapness with efficacy in the greatest
degree ” (Parliamentary' Returns on East India Cinchona Cultivation,
9th August, 1870, pp. 3, 4C

A preparation called “ Quinetum ” W'as manufactured in Java
(about 1&72), for which only Red Bark (C. succirubra) was con¬
sidered suitable; but this did not last long before the Dutch
industry began to concentrate on the manufacture of Quinine from
the bark of C. C ah say a var. Ledge riana (Agric. Ledger No. 4, 1911,
p. 104), although, as stated above, Red Bark was not altogether
neglected, being recommended by Moens and van Gorkom for the
production of “ druggists’ bark.”

Dr. De Vrij, who W'as Quinologist to the Dutch Government in
Java from 1857 to *£63. proposed the name " Quinetum ” for the
mixed alkaloids of ” Red Bark ” after his retirement in 1863 from
Java. He continued his work on the Cinchona alkaloids in Holland
and in a letter dated The Hague, October 30th, 1872, to the Secretary
of State for India, strongly recommended the preparation, as a febri¬
fuge medicine, of the mixed alkaloids of “ Red Bark ” (C. succirubra)
grown on the Sikkim plantation. Following this a Quinologist
(Mr. C H. Wood) was appointed for service on the Government
plantations in Sikkim. Mr Wood was selected by the Secretary of
State for India for this important post in May, 1873, and arrived

in October of the same year at Rungbee to take up his duties
{Parliamentary Returns on East India Cinchona Cultivation,
2i March, 1876, p. 126).

The factory output of “ Sikkim ‘ Quinetum * ” began in 1875 at
48 lbs., increasing to 7,007 lbs. in 1879. During this year “ 128,000
ounces of this product were disposed of. This, at 1 rupee an ounce,
cost £12,800, the same quantity of quinine at 12s. od. an ounce (its
present price) would have cost £76,800, a clear saving of £64,000 ”
(Markham, Peruvian Bark, 1860-1880, p. 432). According to
the report of the Government Cinchona Plantations in Bengal,
1921-22 (p. 2), “ from 1875 to 1887 this was the sole product manu¬
factured, reaching its greatest output in 1881-82 when nearly 11,000
lbs. were issued.”

Owing, however, to the growing preference for quinine by the
medical profession, the sale of Cinchona febrifuge had fallen in 1913
to about 1,600 lbs., and consequently there was a reduction in the
area of cultivation of C. succirubra and an increase in that of C.
Calisaya var. Ledgeriana, and, the report continues, “ From 1903 the
small demand that still existed for cinchona febrifuge was met by
utilising the residue of mixed alkaloids, including a proportion of
quinine, left after the extraction of quinine from C. Ledgeriana. A
small acreage of C. succirubra, at present amounting almost to 90
acres, has however all along been kept in cultivation, so as to ensure
the possibility of its cultivation being extended when the merits of its
mixed alkaloids were rediscovered by the medical profession in
general ” (I.c.). Following the researches of Major Acton,
into the chemistry and therapeutics of Cinchona febrifuge and
quinine, which confirmed the conclusions recorded above, “The
average annual sale of cinchona febrifuge for the last five years
[1917-22] is almost 14,190 lbs. or eight times as much as in 1912-13,
and much in excess of the maximum ever issued when it was the sole
factory product ” (l.c.) and an extension of the cultivation of C.
succirubra again became advisable.

A Cinchona febrifuge under the name " Malarene” has recently
appeared for use in India with some promising results, as indicated
by the following extract from Adm. Report, Cinchona Dept,,
Govt, of Madras, 1923-24, p. 2.

" Noteworthy in the year is the success which the standardised
preparation of Cinchona febrifuge—to which the name “ Malarene,”
has been given—has obtained. Trials were made in various hos¬
pitals in the Presidency under the control of the Surgeon-General
and the report of that officer indicates that for certain forms of
Malaria this drug is most efficacious. In some districts so sur¬
prisingly good have the results been that ‘ Malarene' has all but
ousted quinine from pride of place. Efforts are being directed to
augment the production of ‘ Malarene ’ which is fortunately obtain¬
able from Cinchona bark more easily grown than the quinine-
yielding species— Ledgeriana." .

7 ,

The composition of Cinchona febrifuge mixtures with special
reference to their Quinidine content is discussed in a paper in the
Pharmaceutical Journal, July 28th, 1923, pp. 91-93, by Bernard F.
Howard and Oliver Chick, and Mr. Howard has also given some
important information on the alkaloids in “ Some Notes on the
Cinchona Industry ” in a pamphlet published by The Institute of
Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland (London, 1931). After
enumerating 30 constituent alkaloids isolated from natural Cin¬
chona barks he considers there are “ only four natural alkaloids of
real commercial importance, viz. the laevo-rotatory Quinine and
Cinchonidine and the dextro-rotatory’ Quinidine and Cinchonine.
The two amorphous substances, Quinicine and Cinchonicine, are also
of some interest in that they are contained in considerable propor¬
tions in various types of febrifuges sold on the Indian Market.”

In the Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy (No. 2, pp. 186-188,1929)
Dr. David Hooper, Quinologist to the Government of Madras
(1884-97), contributes a paper on “ The Standardisation of Cinchona
Febrifuge.” Comparing this with the Official Sulphate of Quinine
he states “ compared with a salt of such purity one would
hesitate to render official a mixture of five alkaloids the proportion
of which depends upon the exigencies of the Cinchona plantations
and the Quinine factories.” Quoting from Gage (Trans. Roy. Soc.
Trop. Med. 1925), he continues “ By bark mixture on a sufficient
scale and, in time, by selection of trees, a reasonably steady average
of alkaloidal constituents could be assured,” and concludes “ If this
policy is pursued and when a preparation containing a suitable and
fixed proportion of alkaloids is on the market it will be possible to
acknowledge it as an official medicine.”

The question of Cinchona febrifuge is now receiving the attention
of the Malaria Commission of the League of Nations* and the Medical
Director has furnished to the Health Committee a report of a sub¬
committee which contains the conclusions at which they have
arrived, and a preliminary note on the analysis of a new standard
preparation to which the name of ** Totaquina ” has been given.
This sub-committee propose that “ Totaquina ” should contain 70
per cent, of crystallising alkaloids of which not less than 15 per cent,
must be quinine. Amorphous alkaloids should not exceed 20 per
cent., mineral matter not more than 5 per cent, and water not more
than 5 per cent. The following resolution has been passed by the
Health Committee of the League of Nations on this report:—The
Health Committee, “ Notes the conclusions of the sub-committee of
pharmacological and chemical experts on the new preparation
* Totaquina.* Requests the Medical Director to arrange, with the
Permanent Standards Commission, for the study of the chemical and
bk&gical control of this preparation to be continued, . . . These
conclusioos w3i be included in the report to be forwarded to the
sanitary administrations concerned, which, will deal with the

{1} Georva May 13th, 1931.

researches carried out under the auspices of the Malaria Commission
in regard to the secondary alkaloids and mixtures of the alkaloids of
Cinchona. 5 '

Recent medical research has been directed towards the use
of a new drug called Beprochin. This preparation is now called
“ Plasmoquine " (a derivative of quinoline), supplied as “ Plasmo¬
quine brand of beprochin ”—issued in tablets each containing
o*02 gm. {Plasmoquine Simplex). “ Plasmoquine" compound is
stated to contain 0*01 gm. of “ Plasmoquine ” and o*i25gm. of quinine
sulphate in each tablet. The compound tablets are considered
the best to use, as the continuous treatment with plasmoquine
alone is liable to produce cyanosis. Experiments with this pro¬
prietary medicine have been made under the direction of the Medical
Officer of Health and Adviser on Tropical Diseases to the Ministry
of Health on the prevention of Malaria with “ Plasmoquine," and
as reported in " The Lancet ” (Aug. 15th, 1931, p. 341) it is claimed
that " ' plasmoquine ’ effectively prevents mosquito-borne malarial
infection among a group of healthy individuals who take the
prophylactic doses.”

Whether this can be produced at a competitive price with
Cinchona alkaloids is not certain, but in view of the present price of
tablets of the above preparations it does not seem at all likely that
they will displace the natural Cinchona alkaloids.

The importance of the Cinchona alkaloids is still being urged by
various authorities. On June 4th, 1924, Sir David Prain gave a
lecture at the Chelsea Physic Garden on “ The Economic and
Hygienic Relationship of Cinchona and its Alkaloids/ 5 discussing the
alkaloid content of barks and the so-called Cinchona Monopoly in
Java. As to the former the report in the Chemist and Druggist
(June 14th, 1924, p. 827) leads one to infer that medical opinion
seems to have undergone little change in attitude towards the use of
quinine alone, and that full advantage is not yet taken of Cinchona
and its alkaloids. Of the latter he said “ this is no more than a
quinine monopoly. That monopoly is not the creation of Java;
it is a consequence of the fact that yellow bark, which does not
thrive in South India, grows better in Java than in any area outside
Bolivia, where it has been tried. The preference of the planter
everywhere for yellow bark is a result of the fact that the quinine
maker pays a better price for that bark.”

He gave similar evidence on the ^Quinine position at a meeting in
London of the Royal Commission on Agriculture, in India, June 28th,
1927. The findings of the Commission are given in their report
printed in Calcutta (1928), pp. 490-492, where it is stated (p. 490)
,f the annual total consumption of quinine in India is estimated at
160,000 lbs. of which only 42,000 lbs. are manufactured in the
country. In these circumstances the Indian price is determined by
the world price and this, as is well-known, is a monopoly price owing
to the fact that ninety per cent, of the world’s surplus [supply?] oi
quinine comes from Java.

1 9

1 ‘ If India is to embark on any large campaign for fighting
malaria we are convinced that it will first be necessary 7 to reduce
considerably the price of Quinine within India and this can only be
effected if India is self supporting in production. To achieve this
self sufficiency a considerable extension of the present area under
Cinchona will be required.”

Dr. Cowan in the Empire Forestry Journal, 1929, p. 48, quoting
from Sir Patrick Hehir’s recent book on “ Malaria in India,” states
that “ for India alone, the lowest amount of quinine which would
have any effect upon the malaria problem would be about 970,000
lbs. This estimate is based on a consumption of only 20 grains per
head per annum. . . .

“ The total consumption in India is about one-sixth of this figure,
so that, were India to be in a position to provide for her own minimum
requirements she would immediately have to increase her production
by eighteen times.”

The Importance of the Introduction of Ledgeriana to the
Two Issues—Bark Production and Quinine Separation.

This has influenced the cultivation throughout. The position
of Cinchona cultivation in India about the time (1865-75) when
ledgeriana proved so successful in Java was that Red Bark
(C. succirubra) and Crown or Pale Bark (C. officinalis) were
the only two species amongst those introduced that proved suitable
to the conditions in the Nilgiris. Greater attention was here paid to
Red Bark, not only because it was more easily grown, but also
for the reason that the mixed alkaloid content was the highest and
likely to meet, as already stated, the demand for Cinchona
febrifuge. Crown Bark was found to thrive well and was the
main source of Quinine in Madras since Calisaya or Yellow Bark
could not be successfully grown in the Nilgiris. “ In 1886 the Nil-
giri plantations contained about a million and a half plants of all
ages of which 40,000 were in permanent plantations.” (King,
Manual, Cinchona, p. 19).

In Sikkim (N. India) Red Bark succeeded as well as, if not
better than, in the Nilgiris; but the position with regard to Crown
Bark and Yellow Bark was reversed. In the northern planta¬
tion Crown Bark did not thrive so well, but Yellow Bark could
be grown, more successfully, though it did not yield so high a per¬
centage of quinine as could be obtained in Java. Dr. King reported
(Manual, Cinchona, p. 19) that ” propagation by cuttings of C.
smcimbra and C, officinalis went on vigorously during succeeding
years. It gradually, however, became apparent that officinalis
dkses not thrive in Sikkim, and, after about 400,000 plants had been
put out, all farther planting of this species was discontinued, and

oatyso, but three-fourths of the area covered by it were replanted
tiffisncetnibr*. Only 225,000 plants of officinalis are therefore now

returned. Of C. succirubra there were on the ist April 1875,
2,390,000 trees.

“ The best of all the medicinal Cinchonas—namely Calisaya or
Yellow Bark—promises to do well in Sikkim, and there were on the
plantation on ist April, 1875, 354,500 trees of that species, besides
young plants in the nurseries.”

“ The great preponderance of succirubra trees in the plantation is
not due to a preference for that species over Calisaya, but to the fact
that the Red Bark tree is hardier . . .and has a much wider range, as
regards conditions of growth, than Calisaya. Owing to the back¬
wardness of Calisaya to yield seed, propagation by artificial methods
had to be relied on until 1874. During that year the Calisaya trees
for the first time seeded freely; it was therefore hoped that the rapid
extension of this species by seedlings could then be begun. But
Mr. Wood, the recently appointed Quinologist, found considerable
variation in yield from the bark of the different varieties, of which
the best were selected and propagated by cuttings.”

It was pointed out that whereas certain of these varieties yielded
a bark containing as much as per cent, of total alkaloid, of which
nearly the whole was quinine, others yielded as little as per cent,
of total alkaloid. The best varieties yielded from 5I-7I per cent, of
total alkaloid.

Incidentally it is interesting to compare, on Dr. King’s authority
(Manual, Cinchona, p. 7), the situation in Java at the same period.
He states “ At the end of the year i860, the stock in the Java planta¬
tions consisted of nearly a million plants of Cinchona Pahudiana,
with only about 7,000 of Calisaya. Having discovered the worthless¬
ness of Pahudiana, the Dutch, in 1862, abandoned its cultivation.
They also gave up (in 1864) the plan of planting out under forest
shade. They have in recent years repeatedly got supplies of seed
and plants of the best medicinal sorts from India and Ceylon, and
their success of late has been great. According to the latest return
(31st March 1875) there are in the Java plantations about two
millions of Cinchonas of various ages. At least half of these are of
undoubtedly valuable species, and amongst them are a hundred
thousand of a variety of Calisaya, samples of the bark of some trees
of which are said to have yielded on analysis the astonishing amount
of from 10 to 13I per cent, of Crystalline Sulphate of Quinine.”
In a footnote to this King adds ” This wonderful variety of
Calisaya having been originally raised from seeds collected by Mr.
Ledger, has been called by the Dutch C. Calisaya ,. variety
Ledgeriana

Present Day Production.

Bengal.—The following information is obtained from the
Annual Reports of the Government Cinchona Plantations,; Bengal,
for 1928-30 and will give some idea of the actual production of bark,
quinine and cinchona febrifuge. , .

The quantity of Bengal bark harvested in the year 1928-29 was
465 tons (1,041,827 lbs.) at which period 2986 acres were under
cultivation. Of this area 2306 acres were under C. Calisaya var.
Ledgeriana, 275 under C. succirubra, 62 under C. officinalis, and of
hybrids, 96 under Ledger iana X officinalis and 245 under Ledgeriana
X succirubra.

In 1929-30 the quantity of Bengal bark harvested was
1,130,402 lbs. and 1,060,656 lbs. were put through the factory.
This latter amount was comprised of 950,458 lbs. of Ledgeriana,
22,509 lbs. of succirubra, 7188 lbs. of officinalis and 80,501 lbs. of
“ hybrid.” From this were manufactured approximately 13,000 lbs.
of purified sulphate of quinine and 20,078 lbs. of Cinchona febrifuge.

Madras.—According to a recent estimate (Report of the Govern¬
ment Cinchona Department, Madras, for 1928-29), the Cinchona
plantations cover an area of 1858 acres, of which 1105 acres are in
the Nilgiris and 753 acres in the Anaimalais, the latter being still
quite young. This report states that “ as recently as 1923 the
general average quinine content of Naduvattam [plantation] bark
worked out at 2*18 per cent, due admittedly to the Succirubra
character of the hybrid tree then extensively planted. In the past
year the average is over 100 per cent, above this figure—namely
4*68 per cent, and represents the best results of any year in the history
of the plantations. Considering that Ledgeriana will not grow on
the main plantation at Naduvattam, it is gratifying to possess
Officinalis and Robusta capable of giving such a high outturn of
quinine.” It is interesting to note the records here that “ in the
lower part of Naduvattam, termed Moyar, analysis has revealed the
presence of some very high grade Ledgeriana and seed from the trees
has been reserved for the Anaimalai plantation” ( see reference
below) and that " surprisingly high analyses have been obtained
from selected trees of Cinchona Officinalis, seed of which was obtained
over forty years ago from Jamaica.”

From the Nilgiri plantations 194,299 lbs. of bark were harvested
in the year under review.

The plantations on the Anaimalai hills appear to have been
Started about 5 years ago and, in addition to the 753 acres in the
permanent areas above mentioned, the nursery stock on 1st April,
1929, included 1,152,569 plants of Cinchona Calisaya var. Ledgeriana.
It is interesting to note this development of Ledgeriana in this part
of Madras as all previous records show that this variety has never
succeeded in the older plantations in the Nilgiris.

Under '* Factory Working ” it is stated that “ the Madras
plantations are mostly immature, and were all available bark
harvested now, there is not a sufficiency to keep the factory working
for more than two to three years,” and f< one of the main problems
of maintaining the factory at an economic level of outturn is the
supply of bark.” 'V • ./

“ The Government of India have assisted the Madras Factory
during the past five years with imported bark and thus the produc¬
tion has been maintained at an economic figure.”

Java.—In 1927 the number of estates submitting returns in the
Dutch East Indies was 138 with 19,656 hectares planted and 14,594
hectares in bearing, the production of bark being 12,692 tons
(Report, Commercial Agent, Batavia, 1929, p. 80). Assuming this
to be all Ledgeriana, on the average of the standard 7 per cent., the
yield of quinine would be nearly 900 tons.

Howard in 1931 has estimated that" the actual world’s consump¬
tion of quinine to-day is approximately 600 tons per annum.”

Species and Varieties of Cinchona at present under
, Cultivation.

By trial and selection there remained in use when Ledger bark
came into prominence the following species and varieties.

Cinchona Calisaya Wedd. var. Ledgeriana Howard in Quin. E.
IndianPlantations (1876) p. 86 [C. Ledgeriana Moens. ex Trimen,
Journ.^Bot. xix (1881) p. 323]. Ledger Bark, Yellow* or Calisaya
Bark. -Native of Bolivia. Cultivated in Java, India, Tanganyika,
Cameroons, etc.; thrives in Java (lat. 7 0 S.) at an altitude of 3500 to
6000 ft. Amount of total alkaloid in the bark (Java) 5 to 10 per cent.,
and of quinine in “ Commercial Ledger bark ” 3 to 8 per cent.

C. Calisaya Wedd. in Ann. Sc. Nat. Ser. ill. x. (1848) p. 6. Yellow
Bark, Calisaya Bark. Native of Bolivia—wild and cultivated—and
S. Peru, A very variable species difficult to cultivate. Grown in
India, Java, Cameroons, etc. ; succeeds at elevations of from 1500
to 3000 feet in Sikkim (lat. 27°N.). Calisaya quills yield 6 to 7 per
cent, of total alkaloid; 3 to 4 per cent, (in Bolivian cultivated)
quinine.

C. succirubra Pavon ex Klotzsch in Abh. Akad. Berlin (1857)
p. 60. [C. pubescens Vahl]. Red Bark. Native of Ecuador (known
at the time of the Spanish occupation as a province of Peru). Culti¬
vated in India, Burma, Java, Ceylon, Jamaica, St. Thomas (W.
Africa), Tanganyika, Cameroons; succeeds at altitudes of from
3000 to 6000 feet. The hardiest of all the Cinchonas, “ Red Bark
quills ” average 6*5 per cent. (India) and 8*25 per cent. (Java) of
total alkaloid; and 1-5 (India) and upwards of 5 per cent. (Java) of
quinine.

C. officinalis linn. Syst. ed. x. (1759} p. 929. [G. condaminea L.].
Crown Bark, Loxa, Pale or Peruvian Bark are names by which this
bark has been known in the trade since its introduction (1630);
'* Countess Powder ” and " Jesuit’s Bark ” are also names by which
it was originally known, but these have long since gone out of use,,
the latter continuing to about 1834. The author of the figure in the
Botanical Magazine t. 6364 (1863) calls it" La Condamine’s Peruvian
Bark.” , Native of Ecuador, also in Colombia, Peru and Bolivia.
Cultivated in S. India, Ceylon, etc. * thrives at higher elevations

(6ooo to 8500 ft. in the Nilgiris, lat. ii°-I 2 ° N.) better than any
other of the species. “ Pale Bark ” quills average 6 per cent, total
alkaloids and 3 per cent, (cultivated) of quinine.

All the above species are described in Kew Bull. Add. Series ix.
pp. 349'35 2 where some general information is also given.”*

There are two hybrids worthy of mention—" Ledger Hybrid ”
(Ledgeriana X succirubra) and C. robusta (officinalis X succirubra).

In Bengal “ Ledger-Hybrid ” has been found to be inferior to
Ledgeriana in yield of quinine but it is of more robust habit and can
be cultivated in parts where pure Ledger does not do so well. Only
a small proportion of the total acreage is under this hybrid in India
(Ann. Rep. 1921-22 Bengal p. 1). It was at one time extensively
grown in Java, grafted on to C. succirubra , but it is reported to be
going out of cultivation (Sands, Malay Agric. Joum. vol. x, No. 3,
1922).

The Hybrid C. robusta also appears to be now comparatively
unimportant in India and Java—where it has been known since
about 1881.

Both hybrids are in cultivation at Amani where Ledger-Hybrid
has been found to yield from four year old trees over 6 per cent, of
quinine, and one sample of bark examined at the Imperial Institute
contained 11*30 per cent, of total alkaloid and 8*41 per cent, of
quinine, and was therefore of very good quality (Report on
Cinchona Bark, Imp. Inst. 1922, pp. 34-35). A sample of robusta
bark from the same source was found to contain 7*61 per cent, of
total alkaloid and 2*66 per cent, quinine—these percentages being
considered high, as this bark generally contains 5 to 6 per cent, of
total alkaloid and 2 per cent, of quinine.

It will be seen that in all the species of Cinchona known, there are
comparatively few worthy of cultivation and that at the present
time they are practically reduced to two— C. Calisaya var. Ledgeriana
andC. succirubra , the one for the production of quinine and the other
for the production of “ druggists’ bark ” for official use and in the
preparation of Cinchona febrifuge for local use. The latter species—

♦The elevations given above are adapted briefly from King (Manual of
Cinchona) and Watt (Commercial Products of India).

The climate at certain altitudes may vary according to latitude but as the
best situations for growing Cinchona are chiefly in the Tropics, the differences
are not important. Within these limits, however, winds and exposure are
more serious in their effects, hence the usual recommendation to plant on the
slopes of mountain valleys.

On the Nilgiris in India it was found by Mclvor that “ In standing the
violence of storms, the ‘ Crown barks ’ rank first, the ‘ Red ’ second, the
' Grey ’ third and the' Yellow ‘ fourth ” {see King, I.c. p. 28).

The success in the cultivation in Java would seem to he largely due to the
selection of land at a suitable height above sea level, on the slopes of extinct
volcanos and on intermediate plateaux, where the soil, of volcanic origin, is
porous and open in character, enriched with humus (Malayan Agric. Joum,
March 1922 and June 1931).

The total alkaloid and quinine content are quoted from (Greenish (Materia
Medica, 1929edL). ■

owing to its vigorous growth under varying conditions of soil and
altitude—is now often recommended as a stock on which to graft
good strains of the former species.

In Java—where as already stated Ledgeriana has long been the
only source of bark for quinine production—according to W. N.
Sands who visited the Island in January 1922 for the purpose of
studying the industry as carried on there, the Ledgeriana types can
only be successfully grown on their own roots in virgin land, of which
there is a very limited area now available. Practically all the fields
when replanted are put under selected Ledgeriana strains grafted on
C. succirubra which for the production of bark is grown on a few
estates where the elevation and land are not as a rule suitable for
Ledgeriana. “ On all large estates it is extensively sown to produce
seedlings for grafting purposes only.”

The cultivation is well understood in India and Java, the only
countries producing bark on a commercial scale outside of South
America.

At the present time the slow, laborious and costly methods
employed in the early days, of “ mossing,” “ shaving,” and " coppicing”
of the trunks of trees about eight years old, when harvesting the
bark, are giving way to a rotation system of thinning out or priming,
beginning about the fourth year, and final uprooting when the tree
has reached an age—approximately ten years—at which the maxi¬
mum yield of alkaloid may be obtained from the roots, stems and
branches : the land being afterwards replanted.

Evidence of the Need for Expansion of Cultivation and of the
Suitability of Different Parts of the Empire to this Cultivatioii.

The findings of Commissions, the conclusions come to by various
Committees and the researches of medical and botanical specialists on
the subject of Cinchona, all afford evidence that there is good scope
for increased production. The most promising countries, other than
Bengal and Southern India, in the British Empire are those where
it has already been proved by production of bark on a commercial
scale including Burma, Ceylon, and Jamaica. Also there are in the
Museum at Kew samples of bark obtained by trial cultivation which
indicate the possibilities of development in parts of Tanganyika and
British Cameroons.

The Amani samples submitted for report to the Imperial
Institute (see Bull, Imp. Inst. 1918, pp. 386-388 and 1920, pp. 22-23,
and Indian Trade Enquiry Report on Cinchona Bark 1922, pp. 34,
37) included Cinchona Calisaya var. Ledgeriana, succirubra, robusta
and Hybrid (Ledgeriana X succirubra), all of which were found to be
of good quality, equal to Java. Those from the British Cameroons
were not named-—though of the samples (No. 1, 2, 3, 4) submitted,
the results showed that all were of good quality “ fur nishing ,frpm
67 to 8*2 per cent, of quinine sulphate and consignments of similar

quality would be very suitable for the manufacture of quinine sul¬
phate.” It was suggested that samples, i, 2 and 3 were probably
derived from the “ Ledger-type ” of Cinchona while sample 4 was
probably derived from a " hybrid.” The barks came from Buea
(3300 feet alt.) where (August 1930), according to Mr. Maitland the
present Superintendent, Botanic Gardens, Victoria, the species
growing and in existence prior to the war were succirubra, Ledgeriana
and Calisaya. Specially selected seed from Java of succirubra and
Ledgeriana had recently been received and established at Buea for
seed purposes.

Experiments are being made in British Malaya where, according
to a report of the Department of Agriculture for the half-year ended
June 30, 1930, Cinchona Calisaya var. Ledgeriana and C. succirubra
under cultivation at the Experimental Plantation, Cameron’s
Highlands (4750 feet alt.), have shown good growth. Prepared
samples of bark from both species had been sent to the Quinologist,
Calcutta, for analysis and report on the Alkaloidal Content (Bull,
Imp. Inst. 1930, p. 509).

Extensive private Cinchona plantations at one time existed in
Ceylon (1872) to 1883* and S. India, chiefly under Crown Bark
{Cinchona officinalis ) and Red Bark (C. succirubra) ; but they
could not compete successfully with the production of Yellow Bark
(C. Calisaya var. Ledgeriana) in Java, owing to overproduction and
the price on the market for Crown Bark being so much less than that
obtained for Yellow Bark from Java. The planters then neglected
Cinchona and planted Tea and other plantation crops which were
found more profitable.

The Cinchona industry has little or nothing to fear in compe¬
tition with the original sources in South America. Twenty-five
years ago it was stated that " the once flourishing business in
Peruvian bark is now almost entirely superseded by the cultivated
barks from the East Indies. On an average only 60 to 70 tons are
shipped yearly as compared with 500 tons to 800 tons in previous
years" (Cons. Rep. Ecuador, 1906).

In 1927 out of a total of 812 tons—still called " Peruvian bark ”
in the Customs returns—from all sources imported into the United
Kingdom, Java contributed 550 tons, British India 53 tons, other
British countries 10 tons, and Peru 43 tons : whilst in 1928 and 1929
only about 20 tons in each year were imported into this country
from Peru,

The synthetic production of Cinchona alkaloids also seems to be
as far off as ever, Howard (Cinchona Industry, 1931) quoting his
father’s remarks of 190 6—which appear to be equally true to-day,

♦In Ceylon the cultivation began about 1870 ; it " rose from 500 acres in
1872 to 64,000 acres in 1883, the export of bark at its maximum (1887) being
nearly 16,000,000 lbs/*. In 1909 there was only 156,081 lbs. of bark exported
(Macmillan, Tropical Gardening and Planting, p. 420). In 1915 the exports of
hark had fallen to about 20,000 lbs, and at the present time there are no
^records of anv export. : • • ' ' 1

states " The synthesis of quinine has always been hitherto an
unattainable aim. It has been frequently attempted . . . and
used to have a pecuniary as well as scientific attraction, but, from
the commercial standpoint, can we hope to beat nature with her
synthesis of io per cent. Ledgeriana ? ” The further discussion of
this question does not appear to be of serious import.

The main purpose of this paper will have been served in pre¬
senting a few facts from which it is hoped satisfactory conclusions
can be drawn, more especially in the right selection of species of
Cinchona to meet the modem demands of the grower, the manu¬
facturers and the users.

There is an extensive literature on Cinchona from all points of
view, including several books, but the following are recent references
on the botany and cultivation.

“ Cinchona ” in Comm. Prod. India, Sir G. Watt, pp. 302-310
(John Murray, London, 1908).

" Cinchona in Java from 1872 to 1907,” D. Hooper, in Agric.
Ledger, No. 4, 1911, pp. 35-106, being extracts translated from the
“ Scheikundige Bijdragen Tot de Kennis der Java-Kina” by the
late K. W. van Gorkom, published 1908.

Annual Reports of the Government Cinchona Plantations and
Factory in Bengal—the 68th year 1929-30.

“ The Cinchona (Quinine) Industry in Java," W. N. Sands, in
the Malayan Agricultural Journal, Vol. x, No. 3,1922 (Reprinted in
the Tropical Agriculturist (Ceylon) Dec. 1922. pp. 352-370).

Report by the Imperial Institute on Cinchona Bark grown in
India, St. Helena, East Africa and the Cameroons (Indian
Trade Enquiry Series), 1922, pp. 1-40.

Malaria and Quinine (Amsterdam-Bureau for Increasing the use
of Quinine) pp. 1-58 : illustrated (Amsterdam 1927).

“ Cinchona in the Empire: Progress and Prospects of its
Cultivation,” Dr. J. M. Cowan, in " Empire Forestry Journal ”
Vol. 8, No. 1, 1929, pp. 45-53.

” The Standardisation of Cinchona Febrifuge,” Dr. David
Hooper, in Quarterly Journal of Pharmacy, Vol. 2, No. 2, 1929,
pp. 186-188.

” Some Notes on the Cinchona Industry,” Bernard F. Howard,
pp. 1-22 (issued by the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and
Ireland, London, 1931).

i “ The Rubiaceae of Ecuador,” Paul C. Standley, Field Museum of
Natural Histoiy, Chicago. Publication 285. Botanical Series, Vol.
vii. No. 2,1931, pp. 188-200.

u Cinchona culture in Java, its History and present Situation.”
Lecture by Dr. M. Kerboseh at the Missouri Botanical Garden, St.
Louis, Reprinted from De Bergcultures, No. 18, May 2, 1931, in
The Tropical Agriculturist (Ceylon), VoL lxxvii, pp. 277-304.

*' The genus Cinchona in Bolivia,” H. H. Rusby, in Bull. Torrey
Bot. Club, '#oL 58, No. 9, p. 523,1931.

II.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF TROPICAL
AMERICA : IX.* T. A. Sprague and K. Y. Sandwith.

The Tabebuias of British Guiana and Trinidad.

The genus Tabebma Gomes (Bignoniaceae) is here understood
almost in the same sense as in Bentham and Hooker’s Genera
Plantarum, but as including also the genus Coumlia Splitg. which
seems to differ in nothing but the opaque corky wings of the seeds.
It thus includes, in addition to the typical simple-leaved species, the
trifoliolate and quinquefoliolate ones referred by K. Schumann to a
separate genus, for which he adopted the name Tecoma Juss. sensu
Seem. The synonjnny of the genus is therefore as follows :—

Tabebuia Gomes , Obs. Bot. ii. 7, t. 2 (1803); Benth. et Hook. f.
Gen. PI. ii. 1042 (1876).

Tecoma Juss. Gen. 139 (1789), partim; Seem, in Joum. Bot.
1863, 19 ; K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iv. 3b, 236
(1894); Bur. et K. Schum. in Mart. FI. Bras. viii. pars 2, 315 (1897).

Couralia Splitg. in Hoeven & de Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch.
Phvs. ix. 14 (1842); Benth. et Hook. f. l.c.; K. Schum., l.c. 238;
Bur. et K. Schum. Lc. 345.

Rehder (Mitteil. Deutsch. Dendr. Ges. 1913, 262) accepted the
genus Tabebma in the same sense as Bentham and Hooker, and
showed that the name Tecoma Juss. (1789), which originally covered
species of three genera, namely, Stenolobium D. Don, Campsis Lour,
and Tabebuia Gomes, should properly be applied to Stenolobium.
These conclusions were accepted by Urban (Fedde, Repert. xiv.
304-306: 1916). Schumann himself had admitted that the only
character separating Tabebuia from Tecoma (sensu Seem.) was the
simple leaves, and if this character is accorded generic value, it
separates species which have in other respects much in common.
This is well illustrated by the series (1) T. cassinoides, (2) obtusifolia,
(3) st&nocalyx , (4) longipes, (5) roraimae, (6) dura, which seems to
form a very natural group. All have a lepidote calyx. The first
three species have simple leaves, and the last two have 3-5-foliolate
leaves, while those of T. longipes are intermediate in type, being
l-foliolate, with the lamina articulate to the petiole. As far as the
sum total of their morphological characters is concerned, species (5)
and (6) are certainly nearer (1) and (2) than they are to the
3-5-foliolate species of “ Tecoma ” (sensu Seem.) with a stellately
tomentose calyx, such as T. serratifolia (T. araliacea) or T. AveUanedae
(T. Jpe). The nature of the indumentum seems to be of far greater
importance than the number of leaflets. And if two genera are
recognised, to which should T. longipes be assigned, to Tabebuia on
account of its single lamina, or to “ Tecoma ” because of the presence
of an articulation at the apex of the petiole, indicating that the leaf
is compound ?

♦Contitiued from KB. 1931, p. 492,

Another series of species which seem to be closely related is
represented by (i) T. lepidota (5-3-foliolate), (2 )T. trachy carpet (simple-
leaved) and (3) petrophila (leaves usually simple, a single unequally
2-foliolate one seen). These are all native of Cuba and agree in the
possession of short shoots, lepidote leaves and calyces, and corollas
glabrous outside, purple in T. lepidota and T. trachycarpa, not known
in T. petrophila. Here a very close relationship seems to subsist
between T. lepidota, which has 5-3 leaflets, and T. trachycarpa, which
has simple leaves, though according to Schumann's classification
they should be assigned to separate genera.

The genus Tabebuia is of considerable economic importance as
containing numerous species yielding valuable timbers (vide Record,
Timbers of Tropical America, pp. 532-544). Among those included
in the present paper are the " Black Poui ” of Trinidad, or
“ Cogwood ” of Tobago (T. rufescens), the " Hakkea ” or " Hackia "
of sandy soil in British Guiana (T. hypolepra, sp. nov.) and the
"Yellow Poui" of Trinidad or “Washiba” of British Guiana (T,
serratifolia).

The species of Tabebuia have not been adequately studied
hitherto, and some of those yielding important timbers have not
yet been identified, owing to absence of corresponding herbarium
material. As the result of the present investigation, the three
important timber trees mentioned above have been critically
determined, and it has been established that T. glomerata is a synonym
of the previously described T. rufescens, and that T. araliacea of
Brazil is synonymous with T. serratifolia of the West Indies and
Venezuela.- Up to the present these have been treated respectively
as independent species in all botanical works.

Key to the British Guiana and Trinidad Species.

Calyx lepidote outside : corolla white :

Leaves simple or i-foliolate :

Lamina not articulated to petiole; calyx elongate-tubular;
corolla-tube narrowly cylindric in the lower two thirds,
narrowly funnel-shaped above, with dense groups of plate¬
shaped glands outside below the lobes.1.' stenocalyx.

Lamina articulated to petiole, or petiole obviously thickened
at apex; calyx campanulate or tubular-campanulate;
corolla-tube funnel-shaped, without groups of glands below the
lobes ........2. longifes .

Leaves 3-5-foliolate;

Leaflets oblong, elliptic-oblong or obovate, obtuse or rounded,
above, sometimes shortly apiculate, lateral nerves distinctly

. impressed above,...,...3. raraimae.

Leaflets ovate-oblong to narrowly lanceolate, acutely acuminate,'
lateral nerves slightly raised above:

Leaflets shining above, ultimate reticulation raised on lower
surface; terminal leaflet 9-13 cm. long, lateral nerves 6-9
on each side ; inflorescence lax.4. dura.

Leaflets dull above, ultimate reticulation not raised on lower
surface; terminal leaflet 11-20 cm. long, lateral nerves
12-14 on each side; inflorescence contracted..^. aquatilis.
Calyx stellate-pubescent or tomenteilous outside; corolla yellow
(colour not known in T. floccosa):

Leaves 5-foliolate; flowers in terminal inflorescences; calyx-

lobes not subulate ; corolla glabrous outside ; disk sessile :
Calyx clothed outside with a persistent coarse or fine tomentum :

Leaflets pubescent with both simple and stellate hairs, rather

densely lepidote on the lower surface; calyx tomentose.

6. rufescens.

Leaflets pubescent with stellate hairs only, sparingly and
inconspicuously lepidote on the lower surface; calyx
tomenteilous below, somewhat glabrescent above between

the nerves.7. subtilis.

Calyx clothed outside with a sparser and easily removable
indumentum :

Finest veinlets on upper surface of leaflets raised, areoles
impressed-punctate, lower surface densely lepidote; calyx-
lobes more or less ribbed outside.8. hypolepra .

Finest veinlets on upper surface of leaflets slightly impressed
or at any rate not raised, areoles flat or convex, usually not
obviously impressed-punctate, lower surface sparingly

lepidote ; calyx lobes not ribbed.9. serratifolia.

Leaves 3-foliolate; flowers solitary, terminal; calyx-lobes
subulate; corolla subtomentose outside ; disk peltately
attached.10. floccosa.

I. T. stenocalyx Sprague et Stapf in Kew Bull. 1910,196; Urb. in
Fedde, Repert. xiv. 304 (1916).— Schlegelia violacea Griseb. FI. Brit.
W. Ind. 445 (1861), partim, excl. syn.

Trinidad. St. Anne, fl. April, Crueger. Near bungalow on
Mt. Harris, Central Range Reserve, in poor soil, a smallish tree, fl.
and fr. July, Marshall in Trinidad Bot. Gard . Herb. 12222. Govern¬
ment House Grounds, fl. Sept., Broadway 2888, fr. Aug., Broadway.
Botanic Gardens, fl. and fr. March, Trinidad Bot. Gard. Herb. 3566.

British Guiana. Barama River, Pomeroon District, im Thurn
in Jenman 1947.

Brazil. Specimen cultivated in Hort. Kew (Herb. Hook.).

As stated by Sprague and Stapf, l.c. the specimens from British
Guiana and Brazil have proportionately narrower leaves with more
numerous lateral nerves, but we cannot separate them specifically.

Mr. R. 0 . Williams informs us that T. stenocalyx is apparently
a common plant in Trinidad, and mentions the following additional
material in the Trinidad Herbarium: no. 12503, Quare Road,
Brooks ; no. 11856, Sangre Grande, Williams; Arima, Dannouse.

2. T. longipes Baker in Hook. Ic. PL t. 1738 (1888).

British Guiana, Hooroobea, in wet savannahs, fl. and fr.
April, Jenman 3723. Upper Demerara River, fl. and fr. Sept.,
Jenman 4256. Lama, fl. April, Jenman 4700. N. W. District,
Waini River, Tururebara Creek, in swampy land inundated at high
tide, Brit. Guiana Forestry Def. 901. N. W. District, Barima River,
De La Cruz 3377. Potaro River, Kaieteur Savannah, Jenman 830,
1064. Demerara, Parker. British Guiana, without locality, Appun
833. Guiana, labelled " Bignonia monophylla,” Herb. Forsyth.

A tree, 8-20 m. high, known as " White Cedar ” and furnishing
a useful wood for indoor purposes. On the Upper Demerara River
and on the Waini River it is known by the Arawak name “ Warikuri ”
or “ Warakuri.”

The specimens from the Kaieteur Savannah have a somewhat
different facies, the leaves being markedly areolate beneath, but
we have been unable to separate them specifically. Possibly they
may represent an edaphic form.

3. T. roraimae Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, ii. 280, t. 45 (1887) ’>
N. E. Brown in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, vi. 57 (1901).— Tecoma
roraimae K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iv. 3b, 238
(1894). Tabebuia triphylla Klotzsch in Rich. Schomb. Reise, iii.
1085 (1848); Rich. Schomb. Travels, ed. Roth. ii. 209 (1923);
non DC.

British Guiana. Southern slope of Roraima, at 1800 m., fl.
Nov., Dec., Rich. Schomburgk 980 (Rob. Schomburgk 641). Roraima,
1500 m., fl. Dec., imThurn 64. Roraima, on upper slopes, McConneU
and Quelch 33. Roraima, 1600 m., fl. Dec., Ule 8761.

A small tree (3-10 m. high, according to Ule).

4. T. dura (Bur. et K. Schum.) Sprague et Sandwith, comb. nov.—
Tecoma dura Bur. et K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. P flanzenf .
iv. 3b, 238 (1894). Tabebuia fluviatilis Klotzsch in Rich. Schomb.
Reise, iii. 1085 (1848), non DC.

British Guiana. Roraima, on the southern slopes. Rich.
Schomburgk 928 (Rob. Schomburgk 658). Edge of water and along
cataracts, Rob. Schomburgk.

A tree (according to Rich. Schomb. l.c.).

5. T. aquatilis (E. Mey.) Sprague et Sandwith , comb. nov.—
Bignonia aquatilis E. Mey. in Nov. Act. Nat. Cur. xii. 780 (1825).
Bignonia digitata E. Mey. l.c.782. Bignonia fliwiatilis G. F. W. Meyer,
Prim. Fl. Esseq. 212 (1818); an Aubl. partim ? CouraUafluviatilis
Splitg. in Hoeven & de Vriese, Tijdschr. Nat. Gesch. Phys. ix. 15
(1842); K. Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. viii. pars 2, 347 (1897).
Zeyheria fluviatilis Miq. in Flora 1842, xxv. 428. Zeyheria digitata
Miq. l.c. 431. Tabebuia fluviatilis DC. in DC. Prodr. ix. 215 (1845).
Tecoma Meyeriana DC. l.c. 221; Miq. Stirp. Surinam. Sel. 121, 122
(1850). Tecoma fliwiatilis Miq. l.c. 121. Tecoma insignis Miq. l.c.
122,123.

British Guiana. Lower Demerara River, fl. Dec., Jenman
4319, and fl. May, Jenman 4345. Bank of Corentyne River near
Orealla, common in water by riverside, fl. Sept., Oct., Jenman 477
and im Thurn. Demerara, Parker. Demerara, unknown collector ,
71 (Mns. Brit.).

Surinam. Paramaribo, fl. April, Samuels 51. Without locality,
Hostmann 384, 1036; Hostmann sine numero in Herb. Goetting.
(syntype of Bignonia aquatilis E. Mey.); Kegel sine numero in Herb.
Goetting.

French Guiana. Without locality, Aublet (Mus. Brit.) Melinon
65, 223 (Herb. Paris.), Martin (Herb. Paris.).

Brazil. Para: Breves, Furo Macujabim, fl. Aug., Guedes in
Herb. Amaz. Mus. Para 2215 (Mus. Brit.).

A small tree or shrub (about 3 m. high, according to Jenman),
apparently confined to river-banks. Vernacular names : “ Hack-
ooya,” “ Whoua-whoua ” (Brit. Guiana) ; Courali (Surinam).

Bignonia fluviatilis Aubl. Hist. PI. Guiane Frang. ii. 655, iv.
t. 267 (1775) is a very doubtful plant based, according to Ernst
Meyer and Splitgerber and Miquel, on material of two very different
species. Aublet’s general illustration and his fig. 1 (leaf) were
identified with Bignonia aquatilis E. Mey. and Couralia fluviatilis
Splitg. respectively by the authors of these species. E. Meyer
described the leaflets of his Bignonia aquatilis as being rounded at
the base, which agrees with Aublet’s illustration, whereas Splitgerber
described the leaflets of his Couralia fluviatilis as being acuminate or
obtuse at the base (rounded in a specimen in Aublet’s herbarium).
On the other hand, a specimen from Aublet’s herbarium named
Bignonia fluviatilis in Herb. Mus. Brit, has the leaflets attenuate at
the base. A specimen collected by Parker in Demerara (Herb. Kew)
agrees with the description of Bignonia aquatilis E. Mey. and with
Aublet’s general illustration, but all the oilier specimens cited above
have the leaflets more or less narrowed at the base.

The Surinam specimens of Couralia fluviatilis described by
Splitgerber were stated by him to possess seeds with coriaceous
wings, a character which led him to base the new genus Couralia
on this species. Aublet, on the other hand, both described and
figured the seeds of his Bignonia fluviatilis as having a membranous
margin, possibly owing to a mixing of specimens.

Since the application of the name Bignonia fluviatilis Aubl. is so
uncertain, we reject it and the later combination Tabebuia fluviatilis
as nomina dubia, and adopt the specific epithet aquatilis proposed
by E. Meyer.

6. T. mfescens J. R. Johnston in Proc. Amer. Acad. xl. 696 (1905);
Uib. in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov, xiv. 305 (19x6), in obs .—Tecoma
spectabUis Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 447 (1861), non Planch.
tabefma serraUfoHa Rolfe in Kew Bull. 1893,267, non (Vahl) Nichols.
Tqbebuia glomerota Urb. in Fedde Repert. Sp. Nov. xiv. 305 (1916);

R. C. Marshall, Sylvie. Notes Timber Trees Trinidad and Tobago,
40 (1930). .

Colombia. Without locality, without flowers or fruit, Tnana
362 (Mus. Brit.).

Venezuela. Margarita Island: San Juan Mountain, 500 m.,
fl. and fr. July, J. R. Johnston 79 (fragment of type in Herb. Berol.).
Quebrada Sebucan, not uncommon, without flowers or fruit, Ernst
496 (Mus. Brit.).

Trinidad. Chacachacare Island, Crueger 257. Without locality,
Lockhart , FeneUer 527. Cultivated in Victoria Square, Port of Spain,
fl. and fr. Febr., Broadway 5558. Cultivated in Queen’s Park Hotel
Yard, fl. March, Britton 2658. According to R. C. Marshall, l.c.
this species tends to be found more in the south of the island and
occurs rather on the heavier clay soils than on the sands.

Tobago. Rocldey Vale, fr. Jan., Broadway 3637 (Mus. Brit.;
Herb. Berol.). Botanic Station, Broadway 2989 (Mus. Brit.). In
forests in the interior, near Frenchfield, 400 m., fl. and fr. Oct.,
Eggers 5532 (Herb. Berol.).

Grenada. Without locality, Broadway 1494 (Herb. Berol. ex
Urb. l.c.).

St. Vincent. Forest near Bowman's Village, western spins of
Mt. St. Andrew’s, 480 m. fl. May, H. H. and G. W. Smith 1652.
Without locality, Guilding. Cultivated in the Botanic Garden,
Rowell 3.

Martinique. Introduced, Hahn 1449.

Jamaica. Cultivated in Hope Gardens, fl. Aug., Harris 30.

A small tree, attaining a height of 9-15 m., and furnishing a
useful hardwood. Vernacular names: M Black Pom," u Poui
Vert " (Trinidad); “ Cogwood ” (Tobago); “ Poui," " Greenheart ”
(Grenada).

Urban (l.c.) separated his Tabehuia glomeraia from T. rufescens
J. R. Johnston (which was based on material with very young
leaves), by the shape of the leaflets, length of the pedicels, and shape
of the calyx-lobes. We are unable to distinguish two species on
these characters. Cultivated specimens from Jamaica exhibit
a considerable amount of variation in the shape of the leaflets, some
being obovate, cuneate at the base, and others, belonging to the same
collecting, elliptic, subcordate at the base.

Seedlings, and young trees of this species, have very coarsely
serrate leaflets, whereas those of older trees are entire.

7. T. subtilis Sprague et Sandwith , sp. nov. ; affinis T. rufescenti
J. R. Johnston, a qua indumento subtiliore, foliolis pilis stellatis
tantum pubescentibus, subtus sparse inconspicue lepidotis, calyce
infeme tomentello superae inter nervos glabrescente differt.

Arbor parva, ramulis homotinis foliiferis brevibus tenuibus
ad 10 cm. longis ad 2 mm. diametro leviter applanatis sulcatis dense
conspicue stellato-tomentellis, indumento subtili siccitate pallide
ferrugineo. Folia quinato-digitata, raro temata; petiolus foliorum

bene evolutorum 5-7 cm. longus, indumento ramulorum senectute
detersili praeditus ; petioluli indumento simili, terminales 1-3-3 cm.
longi, intermedii 1-2 cm. longi, inferiores vulgo 3-8 mm. longi;
foliola anguste lanceolata vel oblanceolata, vel oblongo-elliptica,
apice sensim longe acutiuscule acuminata, acumine 0-5-2-5 cm.
longo, basi cuneatim attennata usque rotundata, tenninalia saepius
5-14-5 cm. longa, 0-8-4 cm. lata, exteriora minora, integra, juniora
membranacea, supra nigrescentia, subtus pallidiora, utrinque
praesertim nervis dense stellato-pubescentia, nonnunquam subtus
dense tomentosa glandulis nigrescentibus sessilibus patelliformibus
bic iUic praesertim secus nervum medium satis copiosis conspersa,
adulta satis rigida, tenuiter coriacea, supra nitida conspicue laxe
reticulata, costa stellato-pubescente ceterum glabra, dense impresso-
punctata, subtus laxe reticulata dense stellato-pubescentia usque
glabrescentia, nervis primariis utroque costae latere saepius 10-14
ascendenti-arcuatis prope marginem anastomosantibus. Inflores-
centiae terminales, ex apice ramulorum annotinorum defoliatorum
ortae, vel nudae vel ramulis axillaribus foliatis novellis consociatae,
raro e ramulo annotino axillares, corymboso-thyrsoideae vel corym-
boso-racemosae,brevissimae, nonnunquam ramuloshomotinos foliatos
terminantes, rhachi 0-6-2 cm. longa, rhachi pedicellis bracteis
bracteolisque pilis stellatis dense ferrugineo-tomentellis; bracteae
lineari-subulatae, 0*5-2 cm. longae; pedicelli vulgo 0-3-1 cm. longi;
bracteolae fere in medio pedicello vel infra positae, bracteis similes
sed breviores. Calyx anguste campanulatus, lobis inclusis 1-1-7 cm *
longus, apice tubi (statu applanato) circiter 1 cm. latus, saepe
bilabiatus, labio altero breviter bilobo altero trilobo, lobis triangulari-
ovatis saepe crasse apiculatis 1-5-5 mm * longis 2-6 mm. latis,
conspicue costato-nervosus, extra infeme pilis ferrugineis dense
stellato-tomentellus, supra inter nervos nigrescens sparsius indutus
et glandulis nigris patelliformibus immersis hie illic conspersus.
Corolla lutea, infundibularis, 6-9 cm. longa lobis inclusis, extra glabra
vel supeme, praecipue in venis, stellato-puberula; lobi ad 2 cm.
longi, ciliati; tubus intus antice villosus, parte inferiore infra
insertionem staminum villosa. Stamina longiora (antica) circiter
1*2 cm. supra basin corollae tubi inserta, filamentis 2-5 cm. longis
basi villosis; breviora (lateralia) circiter 0-9 cm. supra basin inserta,
filamentis 2 cm. longis infeme (2-5 mm.) villosis; antherarum thecae
divaricatae, singulae 3 mm. longae. Staminodium circiter o-8 cm.
supra basin insertum, 1-2 cm. longum, glabrum. Discus breviter
cupularis, vix 1 mm. altus. Ovarium lineari-oblongum, 6 mm.
longum, minute sparse stellato-puberulum; stylus circiter 3 cm.
longus, breviter stellato-puberulus. Ovula circiter 8-seriata,
seriebus singulis multiovulatis. Cwpsula elongato-linearis, supeme
attennata, 45-50 cm. longa, infra medium ad 1*2 cm. lata, irregu-
laiiter costata et subtilius striata, pilis minutis ferrugineis stellatis
subtiliter pubescens. Semina alis inclusis 2*5-4 cm * l a ta, nucleo
4-6 mm. longo, 1-1-8 cm. lato.

British Guiana. Mazaruni River: on rocks by waterside,
Macreba Falls, Rumpling River, fl. and fr. Aug., Altson 353 (type).
Potaro River: on rocks, Tumatumari Falls, fl. Sept., Jenman 7393 ;
by riverside, Coobanatuk, fl. Oct., Jenman 7461; Pacatout Falls,
fl. March, Jenman 5189.

According to Altson, T. subtilis is a small tree, common on rocks
by the waterside, with most of the flowers borne on leafless branches.
Calyx green,brown-tomentose, commonly punctured by (?) humming¬
birds. Corolla yellow, easily falling. Vernacular name:
“ Arawing-yek ” (Acawai).

8. T. hypolepra Sprague et Sandwith, sp. nov.; affinis T. serrati-
Joliae (Vahl) Nicholson, a qua venulis ultimis foliolorum supra
elevatis areolis impresso-punctatis, pagina inferiore dense lepidota,
calycis lobis extra plus minusve costatis differt.

Arbor excelsa, circiter 30 m. alta, 30 cm. diametro; ramuli
summi annotini crassi, lignosi, cinerei, glabrescentes; homotini
pilis siccitate pallide femigineis dense farfuraceo-steflato-pubes-
centes. Folia quinato-digitata, raro temata; petiolus 2*5-8 cm.
longus, juventute stellato-pubescens, mox glabrescens, costatus,
supra infeme applanatus ceterum late canaliculatus; petioluli
similes, terminates i‘7~3*7 cm. longi, intermedii 1-2*5 cm. longi,
inferiores vulgo 4-8 mm. longi; foliola oblongo-lanceolata, lanceo-
lata, oblonga vel obovato-oblonga, exteriora minora nonnunquam
ovata, apice plus minusve conspicue breviter vel longe acuminata,
basi saepius inaequilatera obtusa vel rotundata, terminalia
8*5-14*5 cm. longa, 2 *8-5 *2 cm. lata, exteriora minora, integra,
tenuiter coriacea, supra nitidula, costa nervisque stellato-
pubescentibus, mesophyllo glabrescente lepidibus impressis exceptis,
intricatissime reticulata, venulis ultimis elevatis, areolis impressis
lepidibus lapsis conspicue punctatis, subtus pallida subglaucescentia,
epilosa axillis nervorum saepius foveolato-barbellatis exceptis,
dense conspicue lepidota vel lepidibus delapsis punctata, reticulatione
multo minus conspicua areolisque saepe sub lepidibus conditis,
nervis lateralibus utroque costae latere saepius 10-12 ascendentibus
rectiusculis parallelis turn marginem versus arcuato-anastomo-
santibus. Injlorescentiae in ramuhs nudis vel foliatis terminales vel
etiam axillares, brevissimae, umbellatae, stellato-tomentosae ;
bracteae bracteolaeque ut videtur lineares brevissimae, maturae
haud visae; pedicelli breves, 1*5-5 nim. tantum longi. Calyx
campanulatus, lobis inclusis o*8-i* 2 cm. longus, apice tubi (statu
applanato) ad 8 mm. latus, irregulariter 5-lobus, lobis triangulari-
ovatis saepius crasse apiculatis ad 4 mm. longis ad 5 mm. latis,
saepius supeme nervosus, extra satis dense stellato-pubescens,
margine loborum membranaceo glabrescente. Corolla laete lutea,
campanulato-infundibularis, lobis inclusis 6-7 cm. longa, tubi parte
basali cylindnta 6-7 mm. longa, limbo 5—6*5 cm. lato, extra glabra;
lobi 2-3 cm. longi, sparse ciliati, intus infeme sparse villosuli; tubus
intus antice villosus, juxta insertionem staminum brevius villosus.

Stamina (sicut staminodium) circiter 4-6 mm. supra basin coroUae
tubi inserta, infeme dense breviter villosa; longiora (antica)
1*5-1-9 cm. longa, breviora (lateralia) 1 *2-1*3 cm. longa;
antheramm thecae divaricatae, singulae vix 3 mm. longae.
Staminodium plus minusve curvatum, 5-8 mm. longum. Discus
cupularis, vix 1 mm. altus. Ovarium letter compressum, ambitu
lanceolato-oblongum, 4 mm. longum, 1*5 mm. latum, densissime
lepidotum; stylus 2*5 cm. longus, ut videtur glaber. Ovula circiter
8-seriata, seriebus singulis multiovulatis. Capsula desideratur.

British Guiana. Essequibo River: Moraballi Creek, in
Wallaba forest, on sandy ridge, fl. Nov., Sandwith 594 (type).
Takewah Hill, fl. June, Jenman 6613. Potaro River : Tumatumari
Falls, fl. Oct., Jenman 7437. Corentyne River, near Ulafenna
River, Brit Guiana For . Dep. 580A.

French Guiana. St. Jean, concession Bouvet, Benoist 1238
(Herb. Paris.).

The type-material from Moraballi Creek was from a large tree
30 m. high, 30 cm. in diameter. Flowers on old branchlets, separate
from leaves, bright yellow, hairy within on anterior side of tube and
throat, lobes very frilly-edged. Vernacular name: " Hakkea ”
(Arawak).

This species is mentioned by Record (Timbers of Tropical
America, 540: 1924) as the commonest species of " hackia ” in
British Guiana, having yellow flowers, and growing chiefly on
sandy hills.

9. T. serratifolia {Vahl) Nicholson Diet. Gard. iv. 1 (1888); Urb.
in Fedde, Repert. Sp. Nov. xiv. 305 (1916); R. C. Marshall, Sylvie.
Notes, Timber Trees Trinidad and Tobago, 40 (1930).— Bignonia
serratifolia Vahl Eel. ii 46 (1798). Tecoma serratifolia G. Don, Gen.
Syst. iv. 224 (1838); Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 447 (1861); Pittier,
PI. Usuales Venez. 203 (1926). Bignonia flavescens Veil. Fl. Flum.
252 (1825); Ic. vi t. 51 (1827). Tecoma flavescens Mart, in DC.
Prodr. ix. 216 (1845). Bignonia araliacea Cham, in Linnaea, vii. 683
(1832). Tecoma araliacea DC. in DC. Prodr. ix. 221 (1845); Bur.
et K. Sebum, in Mart. Fl. Bras. viii. pars 2,328 (1897); Pulle, Enum.
Vase. PI. Surinam, 428 (1906). Tabebuia araliacea Morong et Britton
in Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sc. vii. 190 (1893), quoad syn. Bignonia
araliacea Cham., excl. specim. et descr. Tecoma speciosa DC. in DC.
Prodr, ix. 218 (1845). Tecoma conspicua DC. l.c. 221. Bignonia
conspicua Rich, ex DC. l.c., pro syn. Tecoma nigricans Klotzsch in
Rich. Schomb. Reise, iii. 1159 (1848), nomen.— Guirapariba Marcgr.
Hist. PL 118, cum ic. (1648). .

Colombia. Llanos de San Martin, without flowers or fruit,
Triana 4114 (Mus. Brit.).

Venezuela. Provinces of Zulia, Lara, Portuguesa, Carabobo
and Miranda (fide Pittier, l.c.) Zulia: Veras Altas, on the road
from Maracaibo to Macbiques, pretty frequent, fl. Oct., Pittier
10508.

St. Vincent. Without locality, Guilding.

Trinidad. Common in the northern range of mountains,
Lockhart 198. Port-of-Spain: Queen’s Park, fl. and fr, April,
Broadway 4165 ; Hillside, fl. March, Britton 2629 ; Botanic Garden,
fl. June, Hart 3695. Radix Point, Mayaro, fl. July, Williams and
Sampson in Herb. Trin. 11739. Without locality, Fendler 524.
According to R. C. Marshall, l.c., T. serratifolia is widely distributed
throughout Trinidad, chiefly on poor soils.

British Guiana. Essequibo River: Moraballi Creek, in
morabukea—mixed forest, fl. Nov., Sandwith 612. Banks of the
Takutu River, fl. April, May, Rich. Scliomburgk 501 (Rob. Schomburgk
409). Savannah, Pollard 39.

Surinam. Without locality, Hostmann 1055, Focke.

French Guiana. Maroni, Sagot 1142. Charvein, Benoist 697
(Herb. Paris.). Without locality, Poiteau, Aublet (Mus. Brit.)
Martin (Mus. Brit.).

Brazil. Para: Tauafi, fl. Sept., Spruce 148. Pernambuco :
Tapera, fl. Dec., Picket 135 (Mus. Brit.). Also from Goyaz, Rio de
Janeiro and S. Paulo (vide Bur. et K. Schum. l.c.).

Bolivia. Dep. Santa Cruz : Prov. Sara, in campos and woods,
Buenavista, fl. Sept., Steinbach 6414, 7211.

Bureau and K. Schumann recorded this species from Paraguay
on the authority of Morong and Britton in Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sc. vii.
190 (1893). Since Morong, however, stated that the corolla of his
M Tabebuia araliacea ” was bright purple, and white-downy outside,
it was obviously not that species but T. Avettanedae Griseb., which is
widely spread in Paraguay.

T. serratifolia is a tall tree, with smooth silvery hark, and
attaining a height of 25-30 m. Vernacular names: ff Pom,”
“YellowPoui,” "White Pom” (Trinidad); "Curarf,” “Curariguo,”
“ Curarire,” ” Coralibe,” “ Pui ” (Venezuela, fide Pittier, l.c.);
“ Washiba ” (British Guiana); “ Groenhart ” (Surinam, fide Pulle,
l.c.); “ Pao d’Arco ” (Lower Amazons); " Ip6 " (Brazil).

According to Record (Timbers of Tropical America, 540 : 1924), the
“ Washiba ” of British Guiana (T. serratifolia ] is similar to the
common “ Hackia ” of sandy hills [T. hypolepra\ but occupies the
flat clay lands along streams, and consequently is of larger size and
better timber form.

10. T. floccosa (Klotsch ex Bur. et K. Schum.) Sprague et Sandwith,
comb. nov.— Tecotna floccosa Klotzsch in Rich. S ch omburgk, Reise,
iii. 971 (1848), nomen; Bur. et K. Schum. in Mart. Fl. Bras. viii.
pars 2, 318 (1896).

British Guiana. On the banks of the Essequibo River, fl. Jan.,
Feb., Rich. Schomburgk 334 (typus in Herb. Berol.).

A remarkable and rather isolated species, though the characters
by which it was distinguished from its congeners by K. Schumann
axe not so striking when seen as they appear from description. The
flowers seem to be solitary on the ends of the branchlets on the only

specimen extant, but only a single flower, from which the corolla has
fallen, is still in situ. Schumann dissected a second flower, the parts
of which we have seen in a capsule affixed to the sheet. The disk is
patelliform and peltately attached, being strongly constricted in its
basal third ; it is about o-8 mm. long altogether, tile constricted base
being 0*3 mm. long. It seems to us somewhat misleading to describe
the disk as " stipitate,” without mentioning the length of the
“ stipes." Judging from a part of an ovary dissected by Schumann
present in the capsule, the ovary (which appears to have been
oblong-ovoid, not pyriform) cannot have been more than 1*5 mm.
long, excluding the glabrous quadrangular basal portion of the style,
which is present at its apex. It is densely ferrugineous-lepidote, and
had 6-8 vertical rows of ovules in each loculus. The trifoliolate
leaves and subulate calyx-lobes (3-3*5 mm. long) form the best
distinguishing marks of the species.

III.—PRELIMINARY LIST OF FUNGI OR DISEASES OF
ECONOMIC PLANTS IN TANGANYIKA TERRITORY.

G. B. Wallace.

The present list does not include records made prior to 1927.
It is hoped that a complete list will be published later including these
records, those made by German investigators before the British
administration of the country, and further details concerning the
distribution and economic importance of the organisms and diseases
enumerated.

Unless otherwise stated the identification of the organism or
disease has been made by the staff of the Imperial Mycological
Institute, Kew. Where no number is given the material has been
collected and identified by the officer whose initials appear after the
record.

Each record shows the name of the host plant, the part affected,
the organism or disease and, where known, the author and reference
to the original description, the locality and date of collection. The
initials of the collector are followed by a number indicating the
exact identity of the specimen.

When material has been sent to the Imperial Mycological
Institute a corresponding specimen has been retained in the
Mycological Laboratory, Morogoro.

The following abbreviations are used : G.B.W.—G. B. Wallace,
Mycologist, Department of Agriculture, Morogoro; H.H.S.— H. H.
Storey, Plant Pathologist, East African Agricultural Research
Station, Amani.

Agave sisalana Perrine ex Engelm.

On leaves:

Botryodiplodia Theobromae Pat., Bull. Soc. Myc. Fr. viii, p. 136,
1892.

Near Moshi, 30.6.27. & 1.7.27., G.B.W. 947 & 1209.

Colletotrichuni Agaves Cav., Hedwigia xxxi, p. 3 * 5 , 1892.
Mamba, 11.5.27, G.B.W. 937. .

Cucurbitaria Agaves Syd. & Butl., Annal. Mycol. lx, 4 > P* 4 °^>
1911.

Kilosa, Jan. 1929, G.B.W. 1329.

Microdiplodia Agaves (Niessl.) Tassi, Bull. Lab. Orto, Bot.
Sienna, p. 29, 1902.

Karanga, near Moshi, 2.3.28, G.B.W. 1095.

Physiological leaf diseases:

“ Banding disease ” at bases of leaves ; probably a deficiency
disease. GB.W.

“ Sun scorch/ 1 most common at the end of the rains, G.B.W.
Rotting after cutting. G.B.W.

Aloe sp.

On leaves:

Uroniyces Aloes (Cooke) P. Magn., Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch,
x, p. 48, 1892.

Marangu, 19.5.27, G.B.W. 1046.

Ananas sativus Schult. f.

In stem :

Ceratostomella paradoxa Dade, Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. xiii,
p. 191, 1928. (Thielaviopsis paradoxa (de Seynes) von Hohn.).
Kasanga, 9.8.28, G.B.W. 1276.

Apium graveolens L.

On leaves:

Cercospora Apii Fresen., Beitr. z. Mycol., Heft, iii, p. 97, 1863.
Nduruma, 23.6.27, G.B.W. 1x64.

Arachis hypogaea L.

Rosette disease (virus). Muhesa, 1930, H.H.S.

On leaves:

Cercospora personata (B. & C.) Ellis, Joura. Mycol. i, p. 63,1885.
Hear Arusha, 18.6.27, G.B.W. 1161.

Bougainvillaea spectabilis Willd,

On twigs:

Phomopsis sp.

Morogoro, 30.6.30, G.B.W. 1398.

Brassica oleracea L.

On leaves:

AHernaria circinans (B. & C.) Bolle, Meded. Phytopath. Lab.

Willie Commelin Sch. vii, p. 26, 1924.

Marangu, 13.5.27, G.B.W. 224 ; Kirua Rombo, 26.5.27, G.B.W.
957 -

Cajanus Cajan Mittsp. (C. Miens Spreng.).

On leaves:

Cercospora Cajani P. Henn., Hedwigia xii, p. 309, 1902.
Kasanga, 9.8.28, G.B.W. 1275.

Oidiopsis taurica (Lev.) Salm., Ann. Bot. xx, p. 187, 1906.
Kasanga, 9.8.28, G.B.W. 1274.

Stems:

Lisea sp.

Mountains above Ruvu, 14.6.30, G.B.W. 1388.

Roots:

Rhizoctonia sp. (?).

Mountains above Ruvu, 14.6.30, G.B.W. 1389 & 1390.

Capsicum annuum L.

On fruit:

Alternaria tenuis Nees, Syst. d. Pilze und Schwamme, p. 72,
1817.

Mwika, 16.5.27, G.B.W. 1096.

Gloeosporium piperatum Ell. & Ev., in Halstead, Rept. Botan.

Dept. New Jersey Exper. Stat. xi, p. 358, 1890.

Kirua Rombo, 27.5.27, G.B.W. 1041.

Vermicularia Capsid Syd., Annal. Mycol. xi, p. 329, 1913.
Kirua Rombo, 27.5.27, G.B.W. 1041.

Garica Papaya L.

On leaves:

Ovulariopsis Papayae van der Bijl, Trans. Roy. Soc. S. Africa ix
pt. 2, p. 189, 1921.

Moshi, 9.5.27, G.B.W. 863.

On fruit:

CoUetotriclvum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., Syll. iii, p. 735,
1884.

Morogoro, 12.11.28, GJB.W. 1309.

Cinchona sp.

On twigs:

Phomopsis sp.

Near Moshi, 10.5.27, G.B.W. 1050.

Citrus Aurantium Auct.

On leaves:

Alternaria tenuis Nees, loc. cit.

Marangu, 13.5.27, G.B.W. 941.

ColletotricJmm gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., loc. cit.

Mishati, 22.5.27, G.B.W. 1044.

At collar:

Cytospora sp.

Moshi, Feb. 1930, GJB.W. 1369.

XJLUita . .

Nematospora Coryli Pegl., Rendic. della R. Accad. dei Lincei,
Seduta del 7 Nov. 1897.

Moshi, 27.1.30, G.B.W. 1371.

C. limonia Osbeck.

On twigs and branches :

Haplosporella (Sphaeropsis) sp. The spores are intermediate in
size between Sp. malorum and H. hesperidica Speg.: average
of 20 is 18*3 x io*6, range 16-21 x 9-12 microns.

Morogoro, 13.11.29, G.B.W. 1353.

On bark over form of canker :

Physalospora fusca N. E. Stevens, Mycologia xviii, p. 210, 1926.
Morogoro, 16.11.29, G.B.W. 1354. Confirmed by N. E. Stevens.

Cocos nucifera L.

On leaves:

Pestalozzia palmarum Cooke, Grevillea iv, p. 115, 1876.
Bagamoyo, 31.8.27, G.B.W. 1169.

On leaf sheaths :

Diplodia epicocos Cooke, Grevillea v, p. 102, 1877.

Bagamoyo, 31.8.27, G.B.W. 1172.

Physiological disease on nuts :

“ Gummosis,” as described by Welsford, Rept. of Mycologist,
Dept. Agric., Zanzibar, 1926. G.B.W.

Coffea arabica L.

On leaves :

Cercospora coffeicola B. & C., Grevillea ix, p. 99,1881.

Uluguru Mountains, 21.8.28, G.B.W. 1284.

Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack, Zeitschr. f. Pflanzenkr. xi,
p. 202,1901.

Near Moshi, 10.5.27, G.B.W. 865.

Hemileia vastatrix B. & Br., Gard. Chron., p. 1157,1869.
Uluguru Mountains, 21.8.28, G.B.W. 1283.

Leptosphaena coff&icola Maubl. in Delacroix & Maublanc
“ Maladies des Plantes Cultivdes dans les Pays Chauds ”
p. 329,1911.

Uluguru Mountains, 21.8.28, G.B.W. 1295.

On twigs ;

Colletotrichum coffeanum Noack., loc. cit., associated with die-
back in C. arabica, and, together with a twig-boring beetle,
with die-back in C. robusta.

Marangu, 13.5.27, G.B.W. 1119.

Leptosphaena sp.

Tukuyu, 16.11.28, G.B.W. 1315: Moshi, Nov. 1928, G.B.W.
1316-1318.

" Witches’ Broom ” (physiological ?).

Moshi, 1927, G.B.W.

On stems:

Phcmiopsis sp.

Singida, 9.8.28, G.B.W . 1278 & 1279.

Cherries:

" Cherry-fall ” (physiological ?) descr. in Tanganyika Territory
Dept. Agric. Annual Report 1929/30, pt. 2, pp. 46-47, and
Mycol. Leaflet No. 7, 1930.

Near Moshi, 8.2.30, G.B.W. 1374.

In beans:

Nematospora Coryli Pegl., loc. cit., disease described in Tang
Terr. Dept. Agric. Ann. Rpt. 1929/30, pt. 2, pp. 45-46, and
Mycol. Leaflet No. 9, 1930; full account in “ Tropical
Agriculture,” Vol. VIII, pp. 14-17, 1931.

Near Moshi, 1.1.30, G.B.W. 1383.

In roots:

" Arnnllaria mellea disease.”

Arusha, 26.6.27, G.B.W. mo.

Rhizoctonia baiaticola (Taub.) Butl. ( Macrophomina Phaseoli
(Maubl.) Ashby, Trans. Brit. Myc. Soc. xii, p. 141,1927.).
Singida, 9.8.28, G.B.W. 1280.

Cucurbita Pepo L.

On leaves:

Cercospom Cucurbitae Ell. & Ev., Joum. of Mycol. iv, p. 3.
1888.

Kilosa, 17.9.27, G.B.W. 1187.

Diantbus Caryophyllus L.

On leaves:

Uromycescaryoplvyllinus (Schrank) Wint.

Mountains above Morogoro, 19.6.30, G.B.W. 1395.

Septoria Dianthi Desm., Ann. Sci. Nat., 3 s6r., xi, p. 346, 1884.
Near Arusha, 2.5.27, G.B.W. 836.

Dolichos Lablab L.

In seeds:

Nematospora Coryli Pegl., loc. cit.

Morogoro, Oct. 1929, G.B.W. 1356.

Dracaena sp.

On leaves:

Dothiorella sp.

Near Mosbi, 18.6.27, G.B.W. 1113.

Eriodendron sp.

On leaves :

Ramularia Eriodendri Racib.

Morogoro, 17.9.29, GJB.W, 1343.

Eriobotrya japonica LincU.

On leaves: . TT

Ascochyta Eriobotryae Vogl., Ann. R. Acc. Agnc., Torino LI,
p. 22 (Extr.), 1908.

Near Moshi, 18.6.27, G.B.W. 1162.

Ficus Carica L.

On leaves:

Kuehneola Fid Butl., Annal. Mycol., xii, p. 76,1906.

Near Arusha, 2.5.27, G.B.W. 838.

Fragaria vesca L.

On leaves:

Mycosphaerella Fragariae (Tul.) Oudem., R£vis. Champig. ii,
p. 216, 1897.

Near Moshi, 25.6.27, G.B.W. 958.

Gossypium hirsutum L.

On leaves:

Alternaria tenuis Nees, loc cit.

Morogoro, 31.10.27, G.B.W. 1219 ; Kilosa, 15.9.27.

Bacterium malvacearum E.F.S. “ Bacteria in relation to plant
diseases,” i, p. 171, 1905.

Morogoro, 19.6.28, G.B.W. 1247.

Kuehneola Gossypii Arthur, North American Flora, vii, p. 187,
1912.

Near Morogoro, 23.9.27, G.B.W. 1195.

Mycosphaerella gossypina (Atk.) Earle, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club,
xviii, p. 307,1891.

Kilosa, 15.9.27, G.B.W. 1194; near Morogoro, 13.9.27, G.B.W.
1179.

Phyllostica Malkoffii Bubak, Annal. Mycol. vi, p. 24,1908.
Morogoro, 9.6.28, G.B.W. 1243.

Ramularia areola Atk., Bot. Gaz. xv, p. 166, 1890.

Kilosa, 2.3.28, G.B.W. 1176.

On stems:

Bacterium malvacearum E.F.S., loc. cit.

Near Morogoro, 24.6.28, G.B.W. 1248.

Diplodina sp.

Ufipa, July 1928, G.B.W. 1262.

In bolls:

Aspergillus niger van Tiegh, Ann. Sd. Nat. Bot., ser. V, viii.
p. 240,1867.

Kilosa, 17.9.27, G.B.W. 1203.

Bacterium malvacearum E.F.S. loc. cit.

G.B.W.

Diplodia gossypina Cooke, Grevillea vii, p. 95, 1879.

Morogoro, 3.9.27, G.B. W. 1215.

Gibberella moniliformis Winel., Jour. Agr. Res. xxviii, p. 920,
1924.

Near Morogoro, 13.7.28, G.B.W. 1257.

Monilia sitofihila group.

Near Kilosa, 22.9.27, G.B.W. 1196.

Nematospora Gossypii A. & N., Ann. of Bot. XL, clvii, p. 76,
1926.

Morogoro, 9.12.28, G.B.W. 1319.

On roots:

Rhizodonia Croconm (Pers.) D.C., FI. Franj., vi, p. no, 1815.
Morogoro, 11.7.28, G.B.W. 1256.

Hemerocallis aurantiaca Baker
On leaves:

Vertrticularia liliacearum Westend., Prodrom. Florae Batavae,
II, pt. iv, p. 113, 1866.

Near Arusha, 2.5.27, G.B.W. 828.

Hibiscus esculentus L.

On leaves:

? Colletotrichim Hibisci Pollacci, Atti 1 st. Bot. Pavia, II, ser. v,
p. 16,1896.

Morogoro, 28.8.28, G.B.W. 1289.

Libertella affinis D. Sacc., Atti Soc. Ven. Trent di Sc. Nat. II,
ser. ii, p. 477, 1896.

Morogoro, 28.8.28, G.B.W. 1292.

Manihot Glaziovii Mull. — Arg.

On leaves :

Mosaic or Leaf-curl (virus).

1930, H.H.S.

M. utillssima Pohl
On leaves:

Cercospora Henningsii Allesch., in P. Henn, Die Pflanzenwelt
Ostafrikas, teil C, p. 35, 1895.

Marangu, 13.5.27, G.B.W. 943.

Mosaic or Leaf-curl (virus).

1930, H.H.S.

Morus alba L.

On stem:

Sphaeropsis Mori Berl.

Morogoro, 18.10.29, G.B.W. 1350.

On leaves:

Kuehneola Fid Butl., loc. cit.

Morogoro, 28.7.29, GJB.W. 1336.

M. indica L.

On leaves:

Ovulariopsis moricola Del, Bull. Soc. Myc. France xrx, p. 347,
1903.

Morogoro, 31.7.28, GJB.W. 1265.

Septogloeum Mori (Lev.) Br. & Cav., I Funghi Parass. No. 21,
1892. (Exsicc. with descr.).

Mishati, 22.5.27, G.B.W. 934.
and stems:

Bacterium Mori B. & M., emend. E.F.S.

Ident. E. M. Doidge.

On stems:

Entypa ludibunda Sacc. Syll. I, p. 167, 1882.

Morogoro, 21.10.29, G.B.W. 1351.

Sphaeropsis heterospora Passer., Mem. R. Accad. Lincei, Roma,
4 ser. VI, p. xoo, 1890.

Morogoro, 20.11.28, G.B.W. 1310.

Musa sapientum L.

On fruit:

Gloeosporium Musarum Cooke & Mass., GreviUea xvi, p. 3,1887.
Kirua Rombo, 27.5.27, G.B.W. 788.

Nerium Oleander L.

On leaves :

Cercospora neriella Sacc., Mick, ii, p. 294, 1881.

Near Moshi, 18.6.27, G.B.W. 1118.

Leaves and stems :

Pseudomonas Savastanoi E.F.S., var. Nerii C. O. Smith, Phytop.
xviii, 6, 1928.

Morogoro, 19.8.29, G.B.W. 1340, det. G.B.W.

Nicotiana Tabacum L.

On leaves:

Erisiphe cichoracearum DC., FI. Fran£. ii, p. 274.

Moshi, 26.4.27, G.B.W. 874; 12.5.27, G.B.W. 939.

Leaf-curl (prob. physiological).

1930, H.H.S.

Oryza sativa L.

On heads:

PhyUosticta glumarum Sacc., in Nuovo Giom. Bot. Ital., N.S.
xxiii, 2, p. 207,1916.

Kasanga, Uluguru Mountains, 8.8.28, G.B.W. 1271b.

Oxalis sp. (wild).

On leaves:

Aecidium sp., appar. not of P. Maydis Bdreng.

Marangu, 13.5.27, G.B.W. 944.

Panicum maximum Jacq.

On leaves:

Coniosporium inquinans Dur. & Mont., Flore Alger. Cryptog i

p. 327,1849* '

Near Morogoro, 13.5.28, G.B.W. 1258.

Pennisetum ciliare (L.) Link.

In heads:

Sphacelia sp.

Coll. A. H. Ritchie.

Cerebetta sp. on the Sphacelia sp.

Coll. A. H. Ritchie.

Pennisetum spicatum Schult. (P. typhoideum Stokes).

On leaves:

Phyllachora Penniseti (?) Sydow, in Annal. Mycol. xiii, p. 39,
* 9 * 5 .

Morogoro, 5.7.28, G.B.W. 1253.

Puccinia Penniseti Zimmerm., Bericht. Deutsche Ostafrika ii
p. 16,1904.

Kimamba, 22.9.27, G.B.W. 1204.

In heads:

Sphacelia sp.

Kimamba, 22.9.27, GJB.W. 1183.

Cerebella Sorghi-mdgaris Subram., Joum. Asiatic Soc., Bengal,
N.S. xvii, p. 206,1921.

GJB.W. 1183.

Phaseolus acutifolius A. Gray.

In seeds:

Nematospora Coryli Pegl., loc. cit.

Morogoro, 8.8.30, G.BJW. 1399.

P. lunatus L.

In seeds :

Nematospora Coryli Pegl., loc. cit.

Morogoro, 15.10.29, G.B.W. 1348.

P.fradiatus L.

On leaves:

Erystphe Polygoni DC., FI. Fran?, ii, p. 273,1805.

Morogoro, 15.8.28, GJB.W. 1282.

In seeds:

Nematospora Coryli Pegl., loc. cit.

Morogoro, 8.8.30, GJB.W. 1404, det. GJB.W.

P. vulgaris L.

On leaves:

Uromyces appendiculatits (Pers.) Link, in Observ. ii, p. 28,1816.
Mamba, near Moshi, 12.5.27, G.B.W. 940: Kirua Rombo, near
Moshi, 26.5.27, G.B.W. 956.

Isariopsis griseola Sacc., Michelia i, p. 273,1878.

GJB.W. 956 (see above).

On pods:

Colletotrichum Undemuthianwn (Sacc. & Magn.) Bri. & Cav.,
Funghi Parass., no. 50,1892.

Mkuu, near Moshi, 28.5.27, GJB.W. 1042.

On roots:

Rhizoctonia bataticola (Taub.) Butl. (C strain) (Macrophomtna
Phaseoli Ashby), loc. cit., probably.

Lushoto, May 1930, G.B.W. 1380.

Primus Persica Stokes.

On leaves:

Puccinia Pruni-spinosa DC., Synop. Method. Fung., p. 226,1801.
Near Moshi, 10.5.27, G.B.W. 866.

Ricinus communis L.

On leaves:

Cercosporina ricinella (Sacc. & Berl.) Speg. Ann. Mus. Nac.

Buenos Aires, xx, p. 429, 1910.

Mwika, 16.5.27, G.B.W. 952.

Ovtdariopsis sp.

Kilosa, 18.9.27, G.B.W. 1190.

Melampsorella Ricini (Biv. Bern.) de Toni, in Saccardo, Syll,
VII, p. 596, 1888.

Mgeta, Uluguru Mountains, 27.9.29, G.B.W. 1345.

Rosa sp.

On leaves:

Sphaerotheca HumuU (DC.) Burr., Bull. Illinois Stat. Laborat.
of Nat. Hist.

Near Arusha, 22.6.27, G.B.W. 1124.

On twigs:

Gloeosporium sp.

Morogoro, 29.8.28, G.B.W. 1295.

Pestalozzia versicolor Speg., Michelia i, p. 479, 1879.

Morogoro, 29.8.28, G.B.W. 1293.

Saccharum officinarum L.

On leaves:

Cercospora longipes Butl., Mem. Dept. Agric. India, Bot. Ser.
I, 3, p. 44,1906.

Mkiuni, Uluguru Mountains, 21.8.28, G.B.W. 1287.

Mosaic. (East Afr. Agr. Res. Stat., Amani, 1st Ann. Rpt.
1928-29).

On leaves:

Leptosphaeria sp.

S. Pare Mountains, Dec.

1929, G.B.W. 1327.

Solanum Melongena L.

On leaves;

Altemaria sp. (not A. Solani).
Near Moshi, 2x4.27, G.B.W. 797.

S. tuberosum L.

On leaves:

Altemaria Solani (E. & M.) J. & G., Vermont Agr. Exp. Stat.
Bull. 72, p. 25, 1899.

Mwika, 16.9.27, G.B.W. 953.

Sorghum vulgare Pers.

On leaves:

Puccinia purpurea Cooke, Grevillea, v, p. 15, 1876.

Near Arusha, 18.6.27, G.B.W. 1160.

Darluca filum (Biv.) Cast., Catal. Plantes Marseille, Suppl.,
p. 53,1851. On P. purpurea.

G.B.W. 1160 (see above).

On heads:

Acrothecium lunatum Wakker, Ziekten van het Suikerriet,
p. 196, 1898.

Morogoro, 7.6.28, G.B.W. 1231 (5).

Altemaria tenuis Nees (group), loc. cit.

Morogoro, 7.6.28, G.B.W. 1232.

Choanephora Cucurbitarum (Berk. & Rav.) Thaxter, in Rhodora
v, p. 97, 1903.

Morogoro, 7.6.28, G.B.W. 1231 (4).

Fusarium sp.

Morogoro, 7.6.28, G.B.W. 1231 (a).

GibbereUa moniliformis Wineland.

Morogoro, 7.6.28, G.B.W. 1231 (1).

Phoma insidiosa Tassi, Bull. Lab. Bot. R. Univ. Siena, i, p. 8,
1897.

Morogoro, 7.6.28, G.B.W. 1233.

Rhinotrichum cucumerinum Berk. & Curt., Grevillea, iii, p. 109,

1875-

Morogoro, 7.6.28, G.B.W. 1231 (b),

Trichothecium roseum (Pers.) Link, Observ. Mycol. i, p. 16,1809.
Morogoro, 7.6.28, G 3 .W. 1228.

In grains:

Sorosporium Reilianum (Kuehn) McAlp., Smuts of Australia,
p. 181,1910.

Moshi, 10.5.27, G.B.W. 864.

Sphacelotheca cruenta (Kuehn) Potter, Phytopathology, ii,
p. 98, 1912.

Kilosa, 16.9.27, G.B.W. 1180; Kilosa, 17.9-27, G.B.W. 1205.

5 , Sorghi (Link.) Clint., Joum. of Mycol. viii, p. 140,1902
Kimamba, 23.9.27, G.B.W. 1191; Morogoro, 18.6.28, G.B.W.
1246.

Thea sinensis L.

On leaves:

CoUetotriehum CameUiae Massee, Kew Bull. 1899, P* 9 1 *

Amaru, Oct. 1930, H.H.S.

Scabbed leaf (physiological, fide Petch) Amani, Oct. 1930,
H.H.S.

Roots:

“ Armillaria mellea disease.”

Ambangulu, Jan. 1930, H.H.S.

Triticum vulgare Vill.

On leaves:

Puccinia graminis Pers., Disp. Meth., p. 29, 1797.

Singida, 9.8.28, G.B.W. 1281.

Tropaeolum majus L.

On leaves:

Oidiopsis taurica (L6v.) Salm., loc. cit.

Morogoro, 8.10.29. G.B.W. 1346.

Vangueria acutiloba Robyns.

On leaves :

Hemileia Woodii Kalchbr. & Cooke, affin., Grevillea ix, p. 22,
1880.

Marangu, 14.5.27, G.B.W. 930.

Vigna unguiculata Walp. (F. Catjang Walp.; V. sinensis Endl.).
On leaves:

Cercospora cruenta Sacc., Michelia, ii, p. 144,1880.

Kirua Rombo, near Moshi, 27.5.27, G.B.W. 1032.

In seeds:

Nematospora Coryli Pegl., loc. cit.

Morogoro, 29.7.30, G.B.W. 1402.

Washingtonia filifera H. Wendl.

On leaves:

Diplodia epicocos Cooke, loc. cit.

Morogoro, 28.8.28, G.B.W. 1288.

Pestalozzia versicolor Speg., loc. cit.

Morogoro, 28.8.28, G.B.W. 1294.

Phoma palmicola Winter, Grevillea xv, p. 92, 1887.

Morogoro, 28.8.28, G.B.W. 1290.

Zea Mays L.

On leaves:

Puccinia Maydis BSreng., Atti Riun. sc. Ital., Milano, vi, p. 475,
1844.

Near Moshi, 12.5.27, G.B.W. 938; near Moshi, 14.5.27, G.B.W.
946.

Sclerospora sp.

Near Muhesa, May-June 1928, H.H.S .

Streak (virus).

Prevalent near coast, also at Amani, Arusha, Makuyini, Pare
Mountains, 1930, H.H.S.

Zinnia sp.

On branches:

Oidium sp.

Morogoro, 8.10.29, G.B.W. 1347.

IV.—ENTANDROFHRAGMA CYLINDRIGUM.

A. C. Hoyle.

The tree producing “ West African Cedar ” or “ Penkwa,” now
known as Eniandrophragma cylindricum Sprague, was first described
in 1908 as Pseudocedrela cylindrica Sprague (Kew Bull. 1908 : 257),
and was transferred to the genus Entandrophragma in 1910 (Kew
Bull 1910: 180).

The original type-specimens (Thompson No. 16 ex Gold Coast),
have been examined and compared with the figure in Thompson's
Report on Forests of the Gold Coast, PI. 10 (Colonial Reports—
Miscellaneous No. 66, 1910). The fruits in the original collection,
bearing this number, included a mixture, comprising young fruits
correctly associated with the leaves, together with the larger central
columnar axes of two fruits which are those of another species,
probably E. macrophyllum A. Chev. Possibly these axes were picked
up under the same tree, and were assumed—in the absence of direct
evidence—to represent the mature stage of the same species. This
mixture of specimens, for which the collector was responsible,
resulted in a confusion in the original description and figure of the
fruit, both types being shown on the same plate, and the larger of
them being described. The fruit figured on the left of the illustra¬
tion cited is not that of E. cylindricum . For this reason, and as the
original description did not include the flowers, which are now
available in quantity, it seems desirable to redescribe the species.
The material from which the new description is drawn includes
young branchlets, young and old leaves, showing a wide variation in
the shape and of the leaflets, and inflorescences, as well as
numerous fruitiWfllected by Mr. J. D. Kennedy, of the Nigerian
Forest Service, at'Sapoba, Nigeria, and field notes kindly supplied by
him. Another number of Mr. Thompson’s (No. 34, in Herb. Kew)
includes a pure collection of the young fruits.

Entandrophragma cylindricum Sprague. — Pseudocedrela
cylindrica Sprague in Kew Bull. 1908; 257, partly; E. rufa A.
Chev. Veg. Ut. Afr. Trop. Fran9. 5 : 201 (1909) (Meliaceae). Near
E. excdsum Sprague, but differing in its usually much smaller
leaflets, which are prominently reticulate above, and in its almost
perfectly cylindrical fruit.

A large tree. Branchlets acutely angular or ribbed, at first
greyish or brown-tomentellous, later puberulous, with ribs decurrent
from the bases of the leaves; terminal bud acuminate, densely
.brown-tomentellous. Leaves usually 6-9-jugate, 30-40 cm. long,
but on certain branchlets (probably those producing young leaves

4°

late in the season) the leaves may be only 3-5-jugate and 13-25 cm.
long; rhachis ferruginous-tomentellous in the lower part, where it is
flattened on the upper side and more or less winged, minutely
puberulous in the upper part and terete; leaflets 1 *5-3*5 cm -
distant, with petiolules 1-3 mm. long, the lower leaflets ovate to
ovate-oblong, the upper oblong to oblong-lanceolate, more or less
unequal-sided, larger on the upper side, 4*5-14 cm. long, 2*5-4 cm.
broad, base more or less inequilateral, cuneate to broadly rounded,
apex shortly and obtusely, rarely acutely, acuminate, or occasionally
obtusely apiculate, glabrous except for occasional tufts of hair in the
axils of the nerves, more or less shining above and closely reticulate
with prominent veinlets, the midrib and lateral nerves prominent
below with veinlets less conspicuous than on the upper side ; lateral
nerves 7-11 on each side of the midrib, obliquely ascending,
branching and arching at about 0*75-1 cm. from the margin.
Panicles axillary, lax, up to about 30 cm. long and 12 cm. broad, slender
for the genus, the rhachis slender and ribbed, more or less fulvous-
puberulous, lateral branchlets few and slender, up to 10 cm. long,
bearing numerous short 2-10-flowered cymes, lower part of rhachis
and branchlets naked; bracts and bracteoles minute, caducous;
flowers small for the genus, appearing star-like when open, globose
in bud, up to 7 mm. across when fully expanded; pedicels slender,
1*5-2 mm. long, tomentellous, jointed about the middle or near the
base; calyx cupular and open in bud, puberulous outside, less than
1 mm. long, with 5 minute teeth, later spreading and splitting
irregularly into 3-5 lobes ; petals imbricate, about 3 mm. long and
1*5 mm. broad, oblong-ovate from a broad sessile base, obtuse (often
apparently acuminate owing to the revolute margins), tomentellous
outside; staminal tube depressed globose, 1*25 mm. across,
minutely adnate to the inconspicuous disc; anthers exserted well
beyond the teeth of the tube, narrowly deltoid, apex truncate or
emarginate, base sub-sagittate, basifixed on very short filaments
which arise from the inner faces of the teeth of the tube; disc fused
with the base of the ovary, pubescent; ovary ovoid, fleshy,
5-locular, stigma subsessile, ovoid-capitate, papillose, obscurely
4-5-costate, ovules 4-5 in each loculus, pendulous from the axis.
Mature capsule pendulous, almost perfectly cylindrical, rounded at
the base, obtuse or rounded at the apex, 12-14 cm. long, valves
irregularly lenticellate outside, about 2-5 cm. broad about the
middle, 2*5-3 mm. thick at the edges (with more or less of a ridge
down the centre outside when young, which later becomes obscure
or absent), shi n ing light yellow, streaked and mottled with brown
inside, distinctly showing the impressions of the seeds; central
column yellow, broader towards the base where it is distinctly
pentagonal, the septa becoming very prominent towards the apex,
the axis between them strongly indented with the impressions of the
seeds. Seeds 3-6 per loculus, attached distinctly to right and left of
the centre of each face of the axis, rectangular, convex on the inner

face, concave on the outer, 1-1*5 cm. long, up to i*6 cm. broad, with
an oblong wing 6-9 cm. long and up to 2 cm. broad, both seed and
wing coloured brown, the topmost seed usually only 7 mm. below the
apex of the central column. Dehiscence is from the apex, the valves
recurving from this end first, but later becoming free at the base also.

Tropical Africa : Gold Coast, near Mansu and Supom, H. N.
Thompson 16, in part: type ! Thompson 34. Ahiraso, Chipp 122,
Popokyere, Chipp 200. S. Fomang Sec. Reserve, C. Vigne 1925.
Ivory Coast: Agbo, Chevalier 16166, GuidAko, Chevalier 16390,
between GuidSko and Soubrd, Chevalier 19082. S. Nigera : Sapoba,
Kennedy 315, 316, 317, 318, 1163,1184, 1212,1221.

V.—THE OCCURRENCE OF THE GENUS ACERATIUM
(ELAEOCARPACEAE) IN AUSTRALIA. C. T. White.

The genus Aceratium, originally proposed by A. P. De Candolle
(DC. Prodr. i. 519 : 1824) , was revived by Schlechter in Lauterbach's
“ Beitrage Zur Flora von Papuasien V.” (Engl. Bot. Jahrb. liv. 100 ;
1916) who pointed out the very natural characters of the group,
viz. opposite leaves, inflorescence shortened almost into an umbel,
the pubescent or pilose edges of the petals and the fibrous mesocarp
of the drupe. He listed twelve species, ten in New Guinea and one
each in Amboina and the New Hebrides respectively. The occur¬
rence of the genus in North-eastern Australia was therefore only to
be expected.

Aceratium concinnum C. T. White comb. nov. Elaeocarpus con-
cinnus S. Moore in Joum. Bot. lv. 303 (1917). Aristotelia pubescens
C. T. White in Queensl. Dept. Agric. Bot. Bull. xx. 5 (1918).

North Queensland: Kuranda, L. S. Gibbs, 6332; Johnstone
River, H. G. Ladbrook.

Aceratium Doggrellii C. T. White sp. nov.

Arbor circiter 25 m. alta, cortice griseo, ramulis pubescentibus.
Folia opposita, petiolis 0*8-1 cm. longis pubescentibus; laminae
4*5-6*5 cm. longae, 1*5-2 cm. latae, dliptico-lanceolatae, basi
cuneatae, apice acuminatae, margine minute denticulatae, supra
glabrae, subtus pubescentes. Racemi axillares, breves, 0*5-1 cm.
longi, rhachide et pedicellis dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus, pedi-
cellis o*8 cm. longis. Sepala late linearia, 1 cm. longa, utrinque
dense pubescentia, intus prominenter 3-costata. Petala 1*5 cm.
longa, apice obtuse 3-dentata, parte inferiore margine et intus in
medio dense pilosa. Filamenta gracillima, circiter 6 mm. longa,
apicem versus puberula, antheris puberulis 3 mm t longis apice
breviter setiferis. Ovarium et styll pars inferior dense strigoso-
pilosi.

North Queensland: State Forest Reserve 185, Danbulla
(Atherton Tableland), flowering specimens, October 1020, R, H.
DoggreU, A.22,

Tree about 80 ft. high (50 ft. bole); crown fairly dense, bark
light grey ; flowers white.

Type in the Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane—syntype material
deposited in the Kew Herbarium.

Aceratium ferrugineum C. T. White sp. nov.

Arbor 16 m. alta, ramulis dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus. Folia
petiolata, petiolis 1*5 cm. longis dense et molliter pubescentibus;
laminae 7-5-13*5 cm. longae, 4-5-5 cm. latae, ellipticae vel obovatae,
obtusae vel obtuse acuminatae, supra costa media excepta glabrae,
subtus ferrugineo-pubescentes, margine denticulatae. Racemi
breves, rhachide et pedicellis dense ferrugineo-pubescentibus,
pedicellis o-8-i cm. longis. Sepala linearia, 1 cm. longa, utrinque
dense pubescentia. Petala 1-5 cm. longa, apice 3-dentata, margine
et in media parte inferiore dense pilosa. Filamenta gracillima, 5 mm.
longa, antjieris puberulis 4 mm. longis apice breviter setiferis.
Gynoecium dense strigoso-hirsutum. Drupa ovoidea, circiter 3 cm.
longa, tenuiter pilosa.

North Queensland : Mount Spurgeon, overhanging watercourses
near the top of the mountain, old flowers and ripe fruits, February
1923, A. L. Marrotsy 33.

Tree about 50 ft. high, with long drooping limbs; fruit red and
gold.

Type in the Queensland Herbarium, Brisbane—syntype material
deposited in the Kew Herbarium.

Unfortunately the specimens are very fragmentary, having been
collected and badly prepared during a very hot wet season; all
parts, however, are present and allow a fairly satisfactory description
to be drawn up.

VI.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Mr. G. E. Bodkin. —We learn that Mr. G. E. Bodkin, B.A., Dip.
Agric. Camb., Entomologist, Palestine Department of Agriculture
and Forests, has been appointed Director of Agriculture, Mauritius.

Royal Horticultural Society Honours to Kewites.—Mr. W.
Dallimore, Keeper of the Museums, has been awarded the Victoria
Medal of Honour. It will be remembered that Mr. C. H. Curtis,
Editor of the Gardeners’ Chronicle, received the V. M. H. last year.

Since the institution of the Associateship of Honour in 1930, the
following Kewites, past and present, have been awarded this dis¬
tinction :—

In 1930, among the first thirty Associates were Mr. G. H. Banks,
Curator of the Glasgow Botanic Gardens; Mr. E. W. Cooper,
Foreman, Messrs. Sutton & Sons, St. Albans; Mr. J. Coutts,
Assistant Curator, Royal Gardens, Kew; Mr. J. J. Gutteridge,
Chief Superintendent and Curator of Parks and Gardens, Liverpool;
Mr. Walter Irving, late Assistant Curator, Royal Gardens, Kew;
and Mr. H. W. Page, gardener to Miss Moore, Bourton-on-the-Water.

In 1931, Mr. D. Bliss, Superintendent of Public Parks, Swansea;
Mr. T. W. Brown, Ministry of Agriculture, Egypt; and Mr. C.
Wakely, Horticultural Lecturer, Chelmsford.

In 1932, Mr. J. W. Besant, Keeper of Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin ;
Mr. A. Hosking, late of the John Innes Horticultural Institution;
Mr. J. Jones, late of the Dominica Botanic Gardens; Mr. G. T.
Lane, late Curator of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta; Mr. E.
P. Long, Superintendent of the Viceregal Gardens, New Delhi;
Mr. T. D. Maitland, Superintendent of the Botanic Gardens, Victoria,
British Cameroons; Mr. J. W. Matthews, Curator of the Botanic
Gardens, Kirstenbosch, South Africa; Mr. W. Taylor, Curator of
the Royal Gardens, Kew; and Mr. R. 0 . Williams, Assistant
Botanist, Trinidad.

Dr. 0 . Stapf has been awarded a Veitch Memorial Medal on
the completion of the “ Index Londinensis ” up to the year 1920.

Curtis’s Botanical Magazine Dedications, 1827-1927.*—

Mr. Cuthbertson is much to be congratulated on having conceived
and carried out the idea of producing a volume of portraits and bio¬
graphical notices of the botanists, horticulturists and plant-collectors
to whom volumes of the Botanical Magazine have been dedicated
during the hundred years 1827 to I 9 2 7- The compilation is due
mainly to Mr. E. Nelmes, Assistant Botanist at Kew, and will form a
valuable work of reference for every botanical institution and, indeed,
for the libraries of all who are interested in Horticulture.

This volume is particularly fitting in carrying the history of
Horticulture to the year 1927, since all subsequent volumes of the
Botanical Magazine will contain portraits of those to whom they
are dedicated and there will thus be a complete record of portraits
and biographical notices from the year 1827, which will be of
the greatest value. The portraits have been gathered from many
sources, often with considerable difficulty, and fortunately the Royal
Horticultural Society has had the advantage of being able to make
use of nearly sixty portraits preserved in the Kew collection of
Portraits of Botanists. Though the Kew collection is always
available for inspection, it is of very great value to have this fuller
series of portraits reproduced in this volume, so that they can be more
generally consulted. The volume appropriately commences with a
portrait of William Curtis, the founder of the Botanical Magazine
( i 746-I799), together with a good account of his life and activities.
The biographical notices are very well written and embody the
principal points of interest in connection with the horticultural and
botanical interests of the subjects of the various portraits.

In looking through the pages one comes across the faces of many
f a m ili a r and well-known botanical friends, and also of many others,

_ ^Portraits and biographical notices compiled by Ernest Nelmes and
William Cuthbertson, V.M.H. Published for the Royal Horticultural Society,
London, by Bernard Quaritch, Ltd. Price 305.

who might easily have been forgotten had not this timely and wel¬
come volume been produced to remind us of the great services they
rendered in their time to the gardening fraternity.

Our best thanks are due to Mr. Cuthbertson for having undertaken
the responsibility for the preparatory work and for all the labour
that it has involved. The Botanical Magazine has been much
enhanced by this interesting record of its past history and we hope
it will also be very materially assisted by Mr. Cuthbertson’s
generosity in having arranged to place to the credit of the Botanical
Magazine Account of the Royal Horticultural Society the sum which
accrues from the sale of this interesting achievement.

Handbook of Coniferae.* —It is gratifying to see that the work
of Messrs. Dallimore and Jackson on the Coniferae has been appreci¬
ated so much as already to have reached a second edition. For
everyday use it is certainly the best book on that family that has
ever been published in the English language. Gordon's " Pinetum,"
first issued in 1858, was a creditable work; it held the field for a
good many years and ran to three editions, the last dated 1880. It
was followed in 1881 by Veitch’s " Manual of Coniferae," which
had not much botanical value but was highly appreciated by people
interested more especially in the history, cultivation and uses of
Conifers. M. T. Masters did a good deal of work on the family,
which was published at intervals, mostly in “ The Gardeners’
Chronicle," but he did not live to produce a comprehensive and
detailed study of the whole family. The first man to tackle thoroughly
the problems of the identification of conifers was the late Augustine
Henry, and the result of his labours, as given to the world in " The
Trees of Great Britain and Ireland," has very much simplified the
task of those who are following him.

The great value of the present work is that it is practically an
encyclopedia of the Yew and Conifer families. There is, we suppose,
no species of Taxad or Conifer, tropical or temperate, which does
not receive some notice, however brief it may be. The more
important species receive very full treatment; Pinus Laricio, for
instance, has five-and-a-half pages devoted to it; the Sitka Spruce
and Douglas Fir nearly as much. A Key is provided for the
identification of the larger and more important genera; this is
followed by a detailed description of the species in alphabetical order
accompanied by a full account of their history, their qualities as
garden or park trees, their economic value in forestry and the
characteristics and uses of their timber.

The chief new feature in this second edition is an appendix giving
a descriptive list of species, varieties and hybrids published since
the date of the first, and of others found to have been omitted, A
welcome emendation is that of putting the name of the genus at the

*By W. Dall im ore and A. B. Jackson. Second Edition. Edwin Arnold
& Co., London, 1931, pp. xiv+582+8, Plates xxxi, Figs. 119. Price
Two Guineas.

top of the right-hand page. Although the arrangement is alpha¬
betical this greatly facilitates reference to a particular species.

As a book, the first edition had one serious defect. It was so
loosely and weakly bound that a volume in constant use soon began
to show signs of disintegration. That, however, was the fault of
the publishers or the binders, not of the authors. It is to be hoped
that this new edition will prove to have been produced in a fashion
worthy of its admirable qualities.

The origin of Spartina Townsendii.—The interest of botanists
in the so-called " rice grass ” of the mud flats of the Sussex,
Hampshire, and Dorset coasts has been periodically renewed by
publications dealing with its rapid spread on our south coast and
on the opposite coast of France or with its economic value as a
mud-binder. The earliest known collection of S. Townsendii was
at Hythe on the edge of Southampton Water in 1870, but the plant
was not named as a distinct species till 1881. The origin of 5 .
Townsendii has been a matter of some doubt. Foucard (1894)
suggested it was of hybrid origin, the putative parents being S.
alterniflora (?) and S. stricta (d). Stapf (1908), after extensive
studies, considered this explanation the most plausible of those then
suggested and after further investigations in 1926 (Bot. Mag.
t. 9125,1927) he was still fully convinced as to its hybrid origin.

While morphological, historical, and biological facts pointed
strongly to a hybrid origin for 5 . Townsendii, there remained the
objection that the plant is fertile and breeds (relatively) true to type.
It is, therefore, a matter of considerable importance that Dr. C. L.
Huskins (late of the John Innes Horticultural Institution, Merton,
and now of the Department of Botany, McGill University, Montreal)
has, by cytological examination of S. Townsendii, S. alterniflora, and
S. strida, been able to support the theory of hybrid origin of
** rice-grass ” in a most convincing manner and to explain satisfac¬
torily its fertility and non-segregation.

Huskins has shown [Genetica xii. 531.1930 (1931)], that the
somatic chromosome number of S. Townsendii is 126, by far the
highest number yet recorded in the Gramineae, that of S. alterniflora
70, and that of S. strida 56. The cytology is thus in favour of S.
Townsendii having arisen as a sequence of interspecific hybridization
followed by chromosome doubling. In modem cytological terms it
is “ an allopolyploid derived from the doubling of the chromosome
number in the original hybrid plant.” The true-breeding of S.
Townsendii is possible because at gamete formation the chromosome
complex can form bivalents, which result in a normal reduction of
chromosome number and the production of fertile gametes. The
increased number of chromosomes and, probably of still greater
importance, the maintenance of full hybrid vigour in successive
generations, accounts for the ecological success of the species.

S. Townsendii answers to every known test for a species and must
be considered as the most clear-cut example we have at present of the
evolutionary significance of allopolyploidy following hybridization
in plants. Huskins makes the useful suggestion that by crossing
Spartina Michauxiana with other species it might be possible to
obtain a freshwater equivalent of S. Townsendii. w. b. t.

Cheilanthes Belangeri C. Chr. (Pellaea cambodiensis
Baker). —This plant was described in Ann. Bot. v. 213 (1891), from
yeiy poor material collected by Godefroy-Lebeuf in Cambodia.
In 1910 Col. R. H. Beddome published a note on this species in the
Gardeners’ Chronicle, xlvii. 34, having identified certain specimens
collected by J. H. Lace in Upper Burma with the Cambodian plant.
In this note attention was drawn to certain curious bulbils which
were found on the under surface of the fronds of the Burmese speci¬
mens. No such structures can be seen on the type specimen in the
Kew Herbarium.

Dr. Christensen, when identifying a Lushai specimen as Pellaea
cambodiensis a year or two ago suggested that the plant was merely
a form of Cheilanthes Belangeri (Bory) C. Chr. [C. varians Hk.), which
itjdosely resembled. The plant certainly possesses the discontin¬
uous type of sorus found in Cheilanthes and cannot therefore be
retained under Pellaea. Following up Dr. Christensen’s suggestion,
a critical examination of the Kew material of Cheilanthes Belangeri
was carried out and revealed the significant fact that out of 29 sheets
in the herbarium, 21 possessed bulbils exactly similar to those
found in the Lace specimens. Two of these specimens in fact,
Lobb 391 from Moulmein and Cuming 408 from Luzon, were
quoted by Hooker in Spec. Fil. ii. 89 (1858) below his description of
Cheilanthes varians Hk.

The bulbils appear to have been noticed as far back as 1868 by
C. B. Clarke, who collected a specimen of Cheilanthes Belangeri in
Dhamroy Dacca (no. 7687) and noted on the label, " With the same
monstrosity (?) which occurs in the Cachar specimens.” Here he
was probably referring to a sheet in Herb. Kew collected by R. L.
Keenan in Cachar which also possesses bulbils.

Since the bulbils on many of the Kew specimens are very few
in number and become very easily detached in the dried condition,
it is possible that the specimens without these structures may have
possessed them in the living state. The bulbils become, therefore,
a useful specific character of Cheilanthes Belangeri. Dr. Christensen
has recently presented to Kew a duplicate specimen of this species
collected by PStelot 4 n Cambodia (no. 219), the type locality of
Pdlaea cambodiensis Bak. The specimen sent possesses no bulbils,
but the portion retained by Dr. Christensen is said to show a few
small ones.

From an examination of all the Kew material it became clear
that fronds possessing a comparatively large number of bulbils never

show an abundance of sporangia. Also, from the fact that very-
young fronds frequently showed a rich development of bulbils,
whereas older fronds on the same plant were almost without them,
it seemed possible that the bulbils were a juvenile phenomenon in the
main and were developed before the sporangia.

In addition to a great number of bulbil-bearing specimens from
various parts of India collected by C. B. Clarke, R. H. Beddome,
R. L. Keenan, Hooker & Thomson, Parish, Simons, Craib and
Gamble, there are also sheets of this plant from Siam collected by
Fleet-Surgeon C. G. Matthews, Dr. Kerr and Dr. E. Smith.

Dr. Christensen's original suggestion was that Pellaea cambodiensis
might be regarded as a bulbiferous condition of Cheilanthes Belangeri,
but from the evidence obtained it seems quite certain that the con¬
dition is a normal one in C. Belangeri. Pellaea cambodiensis becomes
therefore a synonym.

Aspidium sparsiflorum (Hk.) Diels is another plant which some¬
times develops on the fronds bulbils of a type similar to those in
Cheilanthes Belangeri. In this case they arise towards the base of
the pinnules—the frond being a simply pinnate one. They are
much larger, however, being up to almost a centimetre in length
though otherwise identical in appearance. f. B.

George Michael Ryan. —It is with great regret that we learn
of the death of Mr. G. M. Ryan, I.F.S. Retd., F.L.S., in London on
the 15th January.

Ryan was appointed to the Indian Forest Service in the Presi¬
dency of Bombay in 1882 and retired after a long period of distin¬
guished service in 1914. A man of wide interests, he took up keenly
die self-imposed task of bringing the then little-known minor products
of the forests into commercial use and did much pioneer work to that
end. He wrote, over a period of years, several papers on the subject
of river-training, with particular reference to the Indus, a river he
had considerable opportunity to observe when serving in Sind.
He was elected a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1902. After
his retirement he was active in the furtherance of arboriculture and
the protection of trees in England. In this connection he became
associated with the National Trust and was instrumental in securing
the preservation of several old trees with historical associations in
various parts of the country. For a few years he was closely
connected with Kew, as Temporary Technical Assistant in the
Herbarium and as Official Guide in the Gardens. .Of kindly dis¬
position, he made many friends by whom his loss will be much
regretted, • c. e. c. f.

Printed under the authority of His Majesty's Stationery Office.
By The South Essex Recorders, Ltd., High Road, Ilford.
(M2) Wt. 1X5/29 950 2/82 SEJL Ltd. Gp. 9.

BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEt5m
INFORMATION No. 2 1932

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

VII.—THE KOENIG COLLECTION IN THE LUND
HERBARIUM.

A. G. Retzius in his Observationes Botanicae, published at Leipzig
in 6 parts between 1779 and 1791, quotes a number of specimens
which he had received from Dr. F. G. Koenig. Koenig was attached
to the Danish Medical Mission at Tranquebar in South India from
1768 to 1774 and was subsequently employed by the East India
Company in Madras, where he was associated with his friend Dr. W.
Roxburgh ; he died in India on the 26th June, 1785.

By the courtesy of the late Dr. Th. C. E. Fries, 346 of the
specimens attributed to Koenig were picked out 6i the general
herbarium at Lund and sent on loan to Kew. They have proved
invaluable in the preparation of the concluding parts of the Flora
of the Presidency of Madras.

These sheets do not bear precise evidence that they are those
quoted by Retzius, but a comparison with the descriptions, the
inscription of Koenig’s name, and occasional indication of locality,
leave no room for doubt that most of them are the actual specimens
received by Retzius from Koenig and that they served for the
corresponding descriptions in his work. It follows that several are
the type specimens of the species concerned.

It would appear that the existence, or at least the location, of
these specimens was unknown to many authors, for some of the names
are entirely omitted from such works as the Flora of British India and
C. B. Clarke’s ms. monograph of the Cyperaceae. In some cases the
examination of the specimens indicates that the conception arrived
at from the descriptions was erroneous—e.g. that of Cyperus flavidus.
In view of these facts, it has been deemed advisable to publish the
appended list of the specimens in the collection. The list gives the
correct botanical names according to modem practice as well as the
inscriptions actually on the sheets. It will be found that several
nomenclatural changes are involved and some well-known specific
names lapse into synonymy.

The sheets on which the specimens are mounted are mostly
uniform. The paper is whitish, rough, 12^ by 8 \ inches. A few sheets
are smaller and appear to belong to Acharius’ herbarium, and one
or two are on a bluish paper. These points are indicated in the list.
The inscriptions are in ink (a few that are pencilled are obviously
of later date and are usually ignored) and appear usually on the

back of the mounting paper itself; occasionally the writing is at
the foot on the front and in a few cases it is on a gummed-on label.

Usually no locality is given and it must be presumed that the
information quoted by Retzius was supplied separately by Koenig.
This refers also in a few instances to items of the descriptions which
could not have been ascertained from the specimens. I have not
been able to procure evidence of this presumption, but it is supported
by one letter from Koenig to Retzius concerning Koenig’s own
descriptions of Monocotyledons, of which the specimens are not
included in the collection under review.

When a sheet represents one of Retzius’ own species, the specific
name is given on the back followed, usually, by the letter " N ”
evidently standing for “ Nobis”; thus Cypevus exaltatus N. In such
cases the derivation from Koenig is acknowledged by the inscription
of his name, in full or shortened and variously spelled, i.e. ” Koenig,”
“ Konig,” “ Koen,” or “ Kon.” The writing is not always the same,
nor is it always of the same date, corrected identification or notes
being put in subsequently, e.g. a reference to the Transactions of the
Linnean Society of 1802. A few of the sheets cannot be connected
with Koenig in any way, and may or may not have been obtained
from him.

Sometimes a more or less full description, which tallies with that
given in the Observationes, is inscribed and occasionally a few words
on the habitat, e.g. " ad pedes montium raro.”

On one or two sheets there are names which do not appear to
have been published, e.g. Tamarix coromandeliana.

Thirty-three of the specimens referred to by Retzius as received
from Koenig have not been traced: these are shown in the second
list.

The determinations of most of the specimens of the Grammeae
were made by Mr. C. E. Hubbard and these are indicated in the list
as well as a few Rutaceae identified by Dr. T. Tanaka; the Crypto¬
gams were determined by Mr. F. Ballard, who consulted Dr. C.
Christensen and Mr. R, C. Ching. All the remainder were determined
by myself, some of the Cyperaceae being further scrutinised by Dr. G.
Kukenthal. *

In the list the type specimens are shown in thicker type. In the
notes appended to the individual species I have indicated specimens
which I consider are duplicates of those sent to Linnaeus, father and
son, to Vahl, and to Rottboell, and on which these authors founded
some of their new species.

As all the plants concerned occur in India or Ceylon, when the
name adopted differs from that given in the Flora of British India,
the latter has been added in brackets to facilitate reference.

In a few instances the change of name involved by this investi¬
gation has already been discussed in the Kew Bulletin in connection
with the Flora of the Presidency of Madras; in those cases the page
in the Kew Bulletin is cited.

The order adopted for the Phanerogams is that of the Genera
Plantarum of Bentham and Hooker, with slight modifications.

The letters N.R. indicate that the specimen in question was not
referred to in Retzius’ Observationes.

The serial numbers are inserted for convenience of reference to
this paper.

Retzius’ Observationes appeared in six parts, published in the
following years: fasc. i. in 1779; ii. in 1781; iii. in 1783; iv. in 1786;
v. in 1789; vi. in 1791. c. e. c. fischer.

(The phrases between inverted commas are transcripts of the
information on the sheets, and are mostly given exactly as written.
Similarly the names which appeared in Retzius are given just as they
were published. Hence there are certain apparent inconsistencies
in spelling, which have been left unaltered.)

1 .

2 .

6 .

8 .

9 .

MENISPERMACEAE.

Tihacora acuminata (Lam.) Miers ( T. racemosa Coleb., F.B.I.)
" Smilax zeylanica K5n.”

N.R.

Capparidaceae.

Cleome ienella Linn. f.

“ Cleome tenella. K5n.”

Presumably the type of the description in Retz. Obs. iv. 28.
Cadaba fruticosa (Linn.) Druce (C. indica Lam. F.B.I.)

“ Cleome fruticosa. Konig.”

N.R.

CARYOPH YLLAC EAE.

Polycarpon prostratum (Forsk.) Pax (F. Loeflmgiae Benth. & Hook f.,
F.B.I.)

“Phamaceum depressum. Loflingia indica. Corolla calyce brevior
purpurea. Hob. in agris oryzaceis K6nig ”
The type of Loeflingia indica Retz. Obs. iv. 8.

Polycarpon prostratum Pax

" Phamaceum depressum Koenig. Stagna tempore calido exarida ”

Portulacaceae.

Portulaca quadrifida Linn.

“ Portulaca quadrifida. Kon.”

N.R.

Tamaricaceae.

Tamarix gallica Linn.

“ Tamarix Coromandeliana K5n.”

N.R.

Dipterocarpaceae.

Yateria copallifera (Retz.) C. E. C. Fischer, n, comb. ( V. acuminata
Heyne, F.B.I.)

“ Elacocarpus copalliferus Willd. Sp. PI. 2. p. 1170, 5 arb. certe. Retz.

Obs. Vateria indica Linn. Dietr.
Tiliaceae-Elaeocarpeae : 11 (xi) 1.

Tiliaceae E. . Kfin.” (partly defaced)

The type sheet, described as Elacocarpus copalliferus Retz. Obs. iv. 27.
Malvaceae.

Sida pilosa Retz. (5. humilis Willd. var. veronicifolia Lam., F.B.I.)

“ Melochia pyramidata ex fig. cit. Sida pilosa Ns. cordifolia Linn6
Malvinda altiss: &c. Burm. Zeil: T. 69. f.l.
Konig Tranqueb.”

The type sheet of Sida pilosa Retz. Obs. i. 23, which antedates S.
veronicifolia Lam. bv 5 years.

M8II / f %

10. Sida acuta Burni. (5. carpinifolia Linn., F.B.I.)

'' Sida lanceolata. K6mg. ’'

Type of Sida lanceolata Retz. Obs. iv. 28.

11. Sida rhomboidea Roxb. (S. rhombifolia Lam. var. rhombozdea Mast., F.B.I.)
“ Sida. Konig ”

N.R.

STERCULIACE AE.

12. Waltkena indica Linn.

“ Waltheria mdica. Kdnig ”

N.R.

13. A broma augustum (Linn.) Linn, f.

" Abroma Wehleri N."

Type of Abroma Wheleri Retz. Obs. v. 27.

Tiliaceae.

14. Corchorus trilocularis Linn."

“ Corchorus. K6nig "

N.R.

Elaeocarpaceae.

15. Elaeocarpus serratus Linn.

" Elaeocarpus serrata. Kon."

Possibly the specimen referred to in Retz. Obs. iv. 27.

16. Elaeocarpus sp. (not serratus Linn.)

" E. serratus India " Mus. Achar.

This sheet has a small twig with 8 leaves and several spikes of flowers.
It is not matched in Herb. Kew among Indian species. There is nothing
to connect it with Koenig.

Geraniaceae.

17. Biophytum sensitivum (Linn.) DC.

” Oxalis sensitiva. K6n.”

N.R.

18. Impatiens oppositifolia Linn.

“ Impatiens rosmarinifolia. K5n."

Presumably the type sheet of Impatiens rosmarinifolia Retz. Obs. v. 29.

19. Impatiens oppositifolia Linn.

“ Impatiens. Koen.”

A sheet with 3 plants.

20. Impatiens latifoha Linn.

“ Impatiens latifolia. K6n."

N.R.

Rutaceae.

21. Toddalia asiatica (Linn.) Lam. var. gracilis Gamble (T. aculeata Pers. in
part., F.B.I.) “ Paulinia asiatica. Kdn."

N.R.

22. Triphasia trifoha (Burm. f.) P. Wils. det. T. Tanaka (T. trifoliata DC.,
F.B.I. “ Triphasia trifoliata ad Retzium misit Konig

Limonia trifoha."

N.R.

23. Pleiospennum alatum (W. & A.) Swingle, det. T. Tanaka ( Limonia~ alata
W. & A., F.B.I.)

" Aurantiaceae Endl. Triphasia trifoliata DC.

Limonia trifoliata Linn.

Mantiss. Jacq. ic.

Citrus trifohata Linn. Thunb.

WiUd. 6 certe

Aegle sepiaria
limonia spec. K5n,

IndL orient."

N.R.

24. Atalantia monophylla (Linn.) Corr.

“ Turraea virens. Kon.”

Probably the basis for the short description under Turraea virens L.
in Retz. Obs. iv. 25.

25. Feronta hmonia (Linn.) Swingle (F. Elephantum Corr., F.B.I.)

“ Limonia acidissima. Elephant apples Angl. Balangas lusitanor.

Wlangai Tamulorum. Crataeva species Kon."
Quoted under Limoma acidissima L. in Retz. Obs. iv. 26.

Burseraceae.

26. Canarium zeylanicum (Retz.) Bl.

" Amyris elemifera. Polygama hexandra. Kackune Gaht. Kon.”

The type sheet of Amyris zeylanica Retz. Obs. iv. 25.

Celastr ace ae .

27. Elaeodendron glancum (Rottb.) Pers.

“ Elaeodendron glaucum Pers. Genus novum Arbor pentandr: mono-
gyn. FI. infero, Corolla pentapetala, stylo
conico; Bacca drupacea Nux semibiloc:
Coromandel & Ceylon. Schrebera albens”
Type sheet of the description of Schrebera albens Retz. Obs. vi. 25.

Rhamnaceae.

28. Zizyphus Oenoplia (Linn.) Mill.

“Rhamnus Oenoplia Koenig in nemorosis ; colitur in hortis Larva Atlas
in hac, in Terminalia, Jambolifera nun-
quam in hesperidi Citri, Auran.”

Quoted under Rhamnus Oenoplia Linn, in Retz. Obs. ii. 11.

29. Ziziphus xylopyrus (Retz.) Willd.

" Rhamnus Xylopyrus Koemg

Hab. in desertis ad pedes montium
Arbor vix homine altior

Fructus ceraso magni major durus insipidus sub adstringens.
Nux inaequalis satis magna”

The type sheet, described as Rhamnus Xylopyrus Retz. Obs. ii. 11.
Koenig is not referred to in the text but a comparison of the specimen
with the description seems to show conclusively that this specimen was
employed.

Vitaceae.

30. Cissits vitiginea Linn. (Vitis Linnaei Wall., F.B.I.)

” Vitis indica Koen. in nemorosis vulgatiss. Cirrhi caduci relicta parte
dimidia fructifera "

N.R.

31. Cayralia pedata (Lam.) Gagnep. ( Vitis pedata Vahl, F.B.I.)

“ Cissus pedata Willd. Lam. Willd. Sp. PI. 2. p. 659. 18. Cissus hepta-
phylla Retz. Obs. Sambucus canadensis
Burmann non Linn.

Patria : India orient.”

The type sheet of Cissus heptaphylla Retz. Obs. v. 22.

*32. Leea macrophylla Roxb. ?

*' Aralia Lappaefolia N.”

*33. Leea macrophylla Roxb. ?

” Aralia Lappaefolia N.”

•Each of these sheets has a single leaf, very much smaller in the first
than in the second, with a small inflorescence. They are insufficient for
determination with certitude. They form the basis for the description
of Aralia lappaefolia Retz. Obs. vi. 27.

Sapindaceae.

34. Sapindus laurifolius Vahl (S. trifolialus Hiem, non Linn,, in part, F.B.I.)
" Sapindus trifoliata Kon.”

N.R.

ANACAKUlACAAli.

35. Semecarpas A nacardium Linn. f.

“ Melanthera. Anacardxum Verum Koenig "

N.R.

It is probably a duplicate of Koenig’s specimen referred to in Linn, f.'s
description.

Papilionaceae.

36. Crotalaria sericea'Retz.

" Crotalaria sencea N.”

The type of the description m Retz. Obs. v. 26.

37. Crotalaria juncea Linn.

" Crotalaria hnifolia L. Koemg ”

First written ” juncea," which was struck
out.

This is evidently the specimen correctly referred to Crotalaria juncea
Linn, in Retz. Obs. ii. 21, and incorrectly to C. linifolia Linn. f. in Retz.
Obs. v. 26.

The pods are ferruginous velvety.

38. Psoralea corylifolia Linn.

" Psoralea corylifolia Koenig "

N.R.

39. Indigofera linifolia (Lmn. f.) Retz.

Mus. Achar. " Ind. or. I. linifolia "

Referred to in Retz. Obs. iv. 29.

40. Indigofera linifolia Retz.

“ Indigofera hnifolia. H. Hafn."

Evidently from Hort. Hafniensis and possibly not connected with
Koemg. Neither sheet appears to have been used for the description of
I. linifolia in Retz. Obs. vi. 33, nor for the drawing, t. 3. Both are mere
scraps.

41. Indigofera enneaphylla Linn.

“ Indigofera enneaphylla. Kon. Pluk. t. 166. f. 2."

This must be the specimen referred to in Retz. Obs. iv. 29.

42. Indigofera pentaphylla Linn.

" Indigofera fragrans. Kon.”

Type of Indigofera fragrans Retz. Obs. iv. 29.

43. Tephrosia purpurea (Linn.) Pers.

“ Galega fruticosa. K5n.”

N.R.

44. Tephrosia purpurea Pers.

** Konig "

N.R.

45. Sesbania aegyptiaca Pers.

** Aeschynomene. KSn.”

N.R.

46. Sesbania aegyptiaca Pers.

" Aeschynomene Sesban. flonbus atropurpureis esculentis Kdn^*—
Probably the basis of remarks under Aeschynomene Sesban Ifm Retz.
Obs. vi. 33.

47. Sesbania procumbens (Roxb.) W. & A.

" Aeschynomene Sesban, Koenig.”

N.R.

48. Zotm conjugata (Willd.) Sm. (Z. diphylla Pers. var. zeylonensis Baker,

“ Zornia diphylla hand ” and on label pasted on front

“ Hedysarum diphyllnm Kg ”

49. Stylosanthes fruticosa (Retz ) Alston (S mucronata Willd., F.B I.)

“ Hedysarum hamatum. Arachis fruticosa. Trifol. procumbens fl.
Zeyl. 553

Burm. Zeyl. t. 106 f. 2. sec. Konig.
Tranquebar Kon."

A later hand has written above the other inscriptions “ Stylosanthes
mucronata Willd.”

This and the next are clearly the specimens quoted under Arachis
fruticosa Retz. Obs. v. 26, and therefore form the types.

50. Stylosanthes fruticosa Alston

“ Hedysarum hamatum ? Arachis fruticosa.

Trifol. procumbens Fl. Zeyl. 553.

Burm. Zeylon. t. 106 f. 2

Hab. in locis aridis Tranqueb. Konig ”

51. Stylosanthes fruticosa Alston
On small label pasted in front

” Hedysar. hamatum pedunculus superus
tubulosus est in Arachide ”

52. Uraria lagopodioides (Linn.) Desv. ( U. lagopoides DC., F.B.I.)

“ Hedysarum Lagopus ? K.”

N.R.

53. Eleiotis sororia (Linn.) DC.

“ Hedysarum sororium. KSnig. Hallia sororia Pers.”

N.R.

54. Alysicarpus bupleunfolius (Linn.) DC.

" Hedysarum gramineum N. Kon.” and on label attached by a pin
“ Alysicarpus bupleurifolius DC.”

The type of Hedysarum gramineum Retz. Obs. v. 26.

55. Desmodium biarticulatum (Linn.) Benth.”

“ Hedysarum biarticulatum. Konig ”

N.R.

56. Desmodium triflorum (Linn.) DC.

” Hedysarum triflorum Koen."

N.R.

57. Desmodium triflorum DC.

“ Koenig ”

N.R.

58. Rhynchosia rufescens (WiUd.) DC.

” K6nig ”

N.R.

59. Flemingia lineata (Linn.) Roxb.

” Hedysarum lineatum. Konig ”

N.R.

60. Flemingia lineata Roxb.

” Hedysarum. KQn.”

N.R.

61. Pterocarpus santalinus Linn. f.

” Santalum rubrum officinarum Konig

Siam : filam. 9 distinctis. Cor. papilionacea
crispata, flava.”

N.R.

62. Pongamia pinnata (Linn.) Merr. (P. glabra Vent., F.B.I.)

“ Dalbergia arborea Willd. Sp. PI. 3. 902. 3.

Cal. patenti-campanulatus, truncatus, denti-
bus 4 vix manifestis.

Vex. subrotundum alis & carina vix longius,
extus hirtum, flavum

A lae lanceolatae obtusae medio caiinae quasi
adglutinatae, rubrae.

Carina falcata versus apicem hirta, longi-
tudine fere alarum, undique dehiscens.
Filamenta 10, omnia connata in vaginam
dimidio suo supenore latere fissam.

Antherae fere sagittatae basi setas nonnullas
emittunt.

Germen pilosum, compressum.

Stylus adscendens Stigma simplex acuturr.
Pongam seu Mmari Rheed. H. Mai. vi. p. 5.
t. 3.

Funis convolutus ? Rumph. v. t. 37. f.l. vel
malaparius lb. iii. 1.117. sed in utraque figura
race mi ramosi. Konig/’

N.R.

63. Derris scandens (Roxb.) Benth.

" Dalbergia lanceolaria. Glycine. Konig ”

N.R.

64. Sophora tomentosa Linn.

“ Sophora tomentosa. tayenpa Zeilon. Konig ”

N.R.

Caesalpiniaceae.

65.

66 .

67.

Cassia Fistula Lmn.

" Cassia fistula. Kon.”
N.R.

Cassia occidentalis Linn.

Konig ”

Cassia pumila Lam.

" Aeschynomene. KQn.”
N.R.

% Mimosaceae.

68 .

69.

70.

Entada scandens Linn.
“ Mimosa scandens.
N.R.

K6n.”

Acacia planifrons W. & A.

“ Mimosa irons latiss. Kon/ 1
N.R.

Acacia arabica (Lam.) Willd.

" Mimosa nilotica. K6nig. 86. Acacia Arabica Willd."
N.R.

Saxifragaceae.

71. Vahlia digyna (Retz.) O. Ktze. (V. viscosa Roxb., F.B.I.)

" Oldenlandia digyna. Cal. 5-fid. tubo globoso

Cor. marcescens. ^

Caps, e calyce sub-2-locul.

Sem. scobiform.

5 dra 2 gyn. flore supero 5 pet. Koen."

The type specimen, described as Oldenlandia digyna Retz. Obs. iv. 23.

72, Vahlia pentandra (Retz.) C. E. C. Fischer, n. comb. (V. oldenlandioides
Roxb., F.B.I.)

" Oldenlandia pentandra. Koenig ”

The type specimen described as Oldenlandia pentandra Retz. Obs. iv. 22.
The description is misleading as regards the pistil, there are 2 distinct
styles. The specific epithet pentandra is the earliest and must be
adopted.

Droseraceae.

73. Drosera indtca Linn.

" Drosera indica. Kon.”

N.R.

COMBRETACEAE.

74. Anogeissus latifolia Wall, and Combretum ovalifolium Roxb.

" Termmalia. videtur Belerica vel proxima. Konig ”

This sheet is a mixture of a small spray of flowers of Anogeissus latifolia
Wall, and 3 separate small leaves of Combretum ovalifolium Roxb.

75. Termlnalia Chebula Retz.

” Terminalia Chebula. Kon.”

The type specimen, described m Retz. Obs. v. 31.

Myrtaceae.

76. Syzygium zeylanicum (Linn.) DC. (Eugenia zeylanica Wight, F.B.I.)

” Myrtus Zevlanica. Kon.”

N.R.

Melastomace ae .

77. Memecylon grande Retz.

'* Memecylon grande. Kon.”

The type specimen, described m Retz. Obs. iv. 26.

Lythraceae.

78. Rotala leptopetcda (Bl.) Koehne ( Ammannia pentandra Roxb. in part.,
F.B.I.)

'* Indica W.

Pephs zeylanica. Kon.”

N.R.

79. Pemphis acidula Forst.

“ Lythrum fruticosum. videtur Pemphis acidula Forst. vel Mangium
Porcellanicum Rumph. KSn.”

N.R.

Samydaceae.

80. Casearia tomentosa Roxb.

" Samyda octandra K6n. Casearia glomerata videtur. Tsierou Kanelli
Rheed.

P.v. t. 50 ? ”

N.R.

Fxcoidaceae.

81. Mollugo Cerviana (Linn.) Ser.

" Pharnaceum Cerviana. Koenig, in aridis ”

N.R.

82. Mollugo disticha (Linn.) Ser.

” Pharnaceum distichum. Konig ”

N.R.

83. Mollugo disticha Ser.

" Pharnaceum mollugo ! Konig ”

N.R.

Rubiaceae.

84. Hedyotis fraticosa Linn.

” Hedyotis fruticosa. Kon.”

N.R.

85. Oldenlandia trinervia Retz.

" Oldenlandia trinervia Kon.”

Presumably the type sheet of the description in Retz. Obs. iv. 23.

86. Oldenlandia biflora Linn.

” Oldenlandia paniculata. Kon.”

N.R.

87. Timonius Jatnbosella (Gaertn.) Thw.

" Fuchsia Kon and on label pinned on :

“ Cal. inferus, campanulatus, quadridentatus,
conaceus, utnnque hirtus
Cor. infundubuliformis, supera, coriacea,
extus flava, hxrta.

Tubo brevi

Limbo quadrifido, lacxnus lanceolatis obtusis.
Stam. 4. filamentis brevissimis supra tubum limbo adnatis
Antherae longae, lineares, erectae in medio
circiter filamento impositae.

Germen superum, c. calyce connatum.

Stylus longitudine dupla calycis
Stigma 4 gon : ? cum acumme ”

N.R.

88. Randia dumetorum (Gaertn.) Lam.

" Heynhold:

Randia dumetorum Lam Heynh.

-spinosa Blume

Canthium coronatum Lam. Gardenia dumetorum Koen. Retz. Obs. 2.
Ceriscus malabaricus Gaertn.

Gardenia dumetorum Retz. Willd. Sp. PI. 1. p. 1229, 13.

-spinosa Linn. fil.

Posoqueria dumetorum Roxb.

Patria : India orientalis in spinetis "

The type of Gardenia dumetorum Retz. Obs. ii. 14.

89. Randia uliginosa (Retz.) DC.

" Gardenia uliginosa. Frutex ramis majoribus obsolete 4-angulis,
ramulis decussatis patentissimis folio brevi-
oribus apice clavatis, spinis quatemis
radiatis.

In terra Cataccensi subarborea ”

The sheet holds one very short piece of twig with one complete leaf,
another leaf with a piece missing and scraps of two others, all small.
There are no spines. There are also three flowers separately pasted
on. It is doubtful whether this is the specimen quoted under Gardenia
uliginosa Retz. Obs. ii. 14.

90. Ixora Thwaitesii Hook. f.

" Ixora alba. Konig "

N.R.

91. Serissa foetida (Linn, f.) Lam.

" Manteesia Kaempferi Konig Amoen. p. 780.

Lycium Japanicum Thunb. Indicum N.

quod de odore refert Kaempfer falsum est Thunb. & de
arbore Batavis Strunthout valet "

The type of Lycium indicum Retz. Obs. ii. 12. The species is not indi¬
genous in India but has been grown in gardens for very many yea** 0
92 ?

" Rauvolfia nitida Konig "

N.R. I have not been able to determine this plant even generically—
the buds are very young,

Compositae.

93. Grangea maderaspatana (Linn.) Poir.

" Artemisia littoralis N. K5n.”

Type specimen of Artemisia littoralis Retz. Obs. v. 28.

94. Bhtmea Wigktiana DC.

^Baccharis Dioscoridls Konigii non Linnei.”

95.

97.

99.

101 .

102 .

104.

105.

106.

107.

108.

Efialtes divancata (Linn.) Cass.

" Ethulia divancata. K6nig ”
N.R.

Wedelia calendulacea (Linn.) Less.
“ Verbesina inula. Kon.”

Spilanthes Acmella (Linn.) Murr.

“ Verbesina Acmella. Kon.”

N.R.

Plumbaginaceae.
Plumbago zeylanica Linn.

” Plumbago Zeylanica. Koen. in nemorosis ”
N.R.

Sapotaceae.

Mimusops hexandra Roxb.

" Tabernaemontana citrifolia ? Koen. in sylvis.

Zeylonische Rosinen Busch? Kalepale Tamulis”

N.R.

Ebenaceae.

Mdba buxifolia (Rottb.) Pers. var. microphylla Thw.

" Ehretia ? Zeylonae in sylvis vulgatiss. flores nundum vidit Konig "
N.R.

Diospyros peregnna (Gaertn.) Giirke (D. Embryopteris Pers., F.B.I.)
“ Diospyros Kon. fructus Diospyros ”

N.R.

Only a fruit cut in two on the sheet.

Oleaceae.

Jasminum pubescens (Retz.) Willd.

“ Nyctanthes pubescens N.” and in another hand

" Jasminum Pubescens V.”

The type, described as Nyctanthes pubescens Retz. Obs. v. 9.
Jasminum scandens (Retz.) Vahl
" Nyctanthes scandens ”

The type, described as Nyctanthes scandens Retz. Obs. v. 9.
Jasminum angustifolium (Linn.) Willd.

" Nyctanthes viminea N.” and in other hands

" Jasminum angustifolium V."

“ Nyctanthes biflora ”

The type of Nyctanthes viminea Retz. Obs. v. 9.

Salvadoraceae.

Salvador a persica Linn.

" Embelia Grossularia Retz. Obs.” and in another hand ” Salvadora
persica W. Sp. p. 695 ” and in front the
words " a Retzio ”

Probably the type of Embelia Grossularia Retz. Obs. iv. 24, with
additional information from Koenig. On a much larger sheet.

Apocynaceae.

Cerbera Manghas Linn.

” Cerbera Manghas Koen. ad littora maris "

N.R.

Hunteria zeylanica (Retz.) Gardn. ex Thw. ( H . corymbosa Roxb., F.B.I.)
" Cameraria Zeylanica. FI. Zeyl. 404. Kon.”

The twig referred to under Cameraria zeylanica Retz. Obs. iv. 24.
Nerium odorwn Soland.

“ Nerium oleander Koen."

N.R.

AsCLEPI ADACEAE.

109. Gymnema sylvestre (Retz.) R. Br.

" Periploca sylvestris Kon ” and in another hand " Gymnema sylvestre
Br.”

On front: " Ind. Orient.”

The type, described as Periploca sylvestns Retz. Obs. li. 15.

110. Cynanchum tunicatum (Retz.) Alston ( C. pauciflorwm R. Br., F.B.I.)
" Periploca tumcata Koen.”

The type, described as Periploca tumcata Retz. Obs. li. 15.

111. Leptadenia reticulata (Retz.) W. & A.

" Cynanchum reticulatum Koen. an Apocyn. reticul. Burm.”

The type, described as Cynanchum reticulatum Retz. Obs. ii. 15.

112. Marsdenia volubilis (Linn, f.) T. Cooke {Dregea volubilis Benth., F.B.I.)
" Asclepias viridiflora, Wata kaka Coddi. Rheed. FI. Mai. Kon.”

and in another hand: ” Hoya viridiflora Br.’'
Possibly a duplicate of the specimen sent to Linn. f. and described as
Asclepias volubilis Linn. f. Suppl. 170.

Loganiaceae.

113. Strychnos potatorum Linn. f.

” Strychnos Potatorum. Tetan. Kottae Koenig. Hab. ad pedes mon-
tium raro. Colitur in hortis ob odorem
florum fragrantiss. Fructus nuci Vomica
simill. sed minor.”

Presumably the type of the description of Strychnos Tetankotia Retz.
Obs. ii. 12 and possibly duplicate of S. potatorum Linn. f. Suppl. 148.

114. Strychnos Nux-vomica (Retz.) Linn.

" Fam. Contortae-Apocyneae : 5. 1.

Strychnos nux vomica Willd. Sp. PI. p. 1052.
1. L. Heynh.

" Obs. Koenig adscripsit
” Lignum Colubrinum
” Nux Vomica ut lubet

" in viciniis montium Palliacattensium vulgatiss. in Zeylona copiosae
Fam. Loganiaceae Endl.”

N.R.

Gentianaceae.

115. Enicostemma verticillatum (Linn.) Engl. (E. littoralis Bl., F.B I.)

" Exacum verticillatum Willd. ? Gentiana verticillata (3 Koen.”

The specimen quoted under Gentiana verticillaris Linn, in Retz. Obs.
ii. 15.

116. Enicostemma verticillatum Engl.

” Exacum hyssopifolium. Gentiana verticillata a N. Koen.”

The specimen quoted under Gentiana verticillaris Linn, a in Retz. Obs.
ii. 15.

117. Exacum bicolor Roxb.

“ Chironia trinervia. K6n.”

N.R.

118. Canscora heteroclita (Linn.) Gilg (C. sessiliflara R. & S., F.B.I.)

‘ ‘ Exacum heteroclitum, Gentiana heteroclita Koenig, in graminosis' ’
N.R,

Boraginaceae.

119. Heliotropium supinum Linn. var. malabaricum C. B. Clarke
” Heliotropium malabaricum Burm. Kon.”

Type of Heliotropium malabaricum Retz. Obs. iv. 24.

120. Heliotropium ovalifolium Forsk.

** Heliotropium.Coromandelianum Koen.”

Type of Heliotropium Coromandelianum Retz. Obs. ii. 9.

121. Hehotropiurn ovalifolium Forsk.

" Heliotropium Coromandelianum Retz. Obs. sec. spec. Retz.”

in pencil " Coromandel, vel nova species, ex Swartz "
Perhaps sent by Swartz. The specimen, a single very small plant,
is mounted on slightly larger-sized blue-tinted paper.

122. Heliotropium scabrum Retz.

" Heliotropium marifolium N. supinum ? Koen.”

Presumably the type of H. marifolium Retz. Obs. ii. 8, which has been
united by Gamble (FI. Pres Mad. 897) with H. scabrum Retz. Obs. ii. 8,
the type of which has not been found in this collection.

ConVOLVULaceae .

123. Cressa cretica Linn.

“ Cressa indica Retz. Obs. 4. Willd. Sp. PI. 1. p. 1320. 2.
Convolvulaceae: 5. 2. Heynh. Koen.

Patria: India.”

The type of Cressa indica Retz. Obs. iv. 24.

124. Jacquemontia pamculata (Burm. f) Hallier. f. ( Convolvulus parviflorus
Vahl, F.B.I.)

" Ipomea paniculata Burm. Kon.”

N.R.

125. Quamoclit pennata (Lam.) Boj. ( Ipomoea Quamoclit Linn., F.B.I.)

“ Ipomoea Quamoclit. Koen.”

N.R.

126. Ipomoea coptica (Linn.) Roth (I. dissecta Willd., F.B.I.)

“ Convolvulus copticus Koenig, in graminosis subaridis ”

The specimen quoted under Convolvulus copticus Linn, in Retz. Obs. ii.

11 .

127. Ipomoea obscura (Linn.) Ker-Gawl.

” Convolvulus gemellus Koen. ruderata et margines hortor. Floret
ante merid. ad horam 12.”

N.R.

128. Ipomoea rugosa (Rottl.) Choisy (I. Beladamboe Roem. & Sch., F.B.I.)

” Convolvulus muricatus Koen. Loca arida sabulosa. Cor. albidae. haec

rubus prope Madras lecta "

N.R.

129. Ipomoea Pes-caprae (Linn.) Roth (I. biloba Forsk., F.B.I.)

" Convolvulus Pes Caprae. Koen. m arena ”

N.R.

SOLANACEAE.

130. Solarium pubescens Willd.

“ Solanum verbascifolium Koenig, in hortis solo argilloso, raro.”

N.R.

131. Capsicum frutescens Linn.

*' Capsicum frutescens Koenig, in sylvis Johannae spont. praefertur pro
annuo in confectione Atsia.”

N.R.

132. Capsicum annuum linn.

“ Capsicum grossum Koen. in hortis colitur. minus ardens reliquis. ex
ejus capsula Atsias praeparatur.”

N.R.

133. Datura fastuosa Linn.

” Datura Tatula. Koenig ”

N.R.

134. Datura fastuosa Linn.

" Datura ferox ? Kon.”

N.R.

SCROPHULARIACEAE.

135. Lindenbergia ruderalis (Retz.) J. O. Voigt (L. urticaefoha Lehm. ex
Link & Otto, F.B.I.)

“ Stemodia ruderalis N. flores aurei proxima Ghonakola Herm. M.
Zeyl.”

Type, described as Stemodia ruderalis Retz. Obs. v. 25.

136. Limnophila sessilis (Benth.) C. E. C. Fischer, n. comb. {Limnophila
conferta Benth., F.B.I.)

“ Rhinanthus indicus Kon.”

N.R. The new combination is based on Stemodia sessilis Benth. in
Bot. Reg. xvii. sub t. 1470, sp. 8 (1832).

137. Limnophila mdica (Linn ) Druce {L. gratioloides R. Br., F.B.I.)

“ Rhinanthus mdicus var. Kon.”

N.R.

138. Artanema longifolium (Linn.) Vatke (A. sesamoides Benth., F.B.I.)

" Sesamum javanicum Burm. Kon.”

Presumably the specimen on which remarks under Sesamum javanicum
Burm. in Retz. Obs. iv. 28 were based.

139. Ilysanthes oppositifolia (Retz.) Urb. ( Bonnaya oppositifolia Spreng.,
F.B.I.)

" Gratiola (hyssopioides) stricta habitat in agris Oryzaceis & humid-
iusculis. viget tempore pluvioso ”
and by other hands: " Gratiola oppositifolia
Retz. Willd. Sp. PI. 1. 105. 13. Grat. serrata
Roxb.”

” Gratiola oppositifolia Willd. Retz. Obs. fasc. 4. p. 8.

Manu Retzii, qui dedit 1808
Patria: Tranquebar ”

Without doubt the type, described as Gratiola oppositifolia Retz. Obs,
iv. 8.

140. Ilysanthes parviflora (Roxb.) Benth.

” Rhinanthus indicus K6n.”

N.R.

141. Ilysanthes veronicifolia (Retz.) Urb. {Bonnaya veronicifolia Spreng.,
F.B.I.)

" Gratifolia veronicaefolia. Kon.”

Type, described as Gratiola veronicaefolia Retz. Obs. iv. 8.

142. Ilysanthes veronicifolia Urb.

" Gratiola grandiflora K8nigii. Hab. prope Tranquebar Madras, Siam &
Malacca solo humido fertili”

The type of Gratiola grandiflora Retz. Obs. iv. 8, which Gamble (FI.
Pres. Mad. 962) unites with Ilysanthes veronicifolia Urb.

143. Microcarpaea minima (Retz.) Merr. {M. muscosa R. Br., F.B.I.)

" Paederota minima Kon.”

The type, described as Paederota minima Retz. Obs. v. 10.

144. Stnga asiatica (Linn.) O. Ktze. (5. euphrasioides Benth., F.B.I.)

" Buchnera asiatica. Tottea. Konigii ”

N.R.

Bignoniaceae.

145. Oraxylum indicum (Linn.) Vent.

“ Bignonia indica. K6n.”

N.R.

146. Stereospermum ckelonoides (Linn, f.) Haines
" Bignonia Chelonoides. Kon.”

Probably a duplicate of the type of Bignonia Chelonoides Linn, f, Suppl.
2$2, where the derivation from Koenig is acknowledged.

Pedaeiaceae.

147. Sesamum indicum Linn.

“ Bignoniaceae Endl. Sesamum luteum Willd. Sp. Pl. 3.p. 358. 2. Kon.”
Presumably the specimen quoted under Sesamum luteum Retz. Obs. vi.
31.

148. Sesamum prostratum Retz.

" Sesamum prostratum. Koen.”

Type, described in Retz. Obs. iv. 28.

Acaxthaceae.

149. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb.

” planta scandens. Cal. 10 fid. dentib. acutis pilosis

Cor. tubus basi parum curvus, demum
In another hand : crassior.

" Thunbergia Stam. 4. antheris sagitt. Roxburgia Kon.

fragrans.” an Thunbergia sp. Kon.”

N.R.

150. Elytrana acaulis (Linn, f.) Lindau (E. crenata Vahl, F B.I.)

On label pasted in front: On back in a later hand :

“ Justicia acaulis “ Elytraria crenata ”

Scripsit Linddn. Konig.”

This and the next are possibly duplicates of the type of Justicia acaulis
Linn. f. Suppl. 84 : derivation from Koenig is acknowledged. They
are also used under J. acaulis L. Suppl. in Retz. Obs. iv. 7.

151. Elytrana acaulis Lindau

On front " In locis aridis, ad vias publicas ”

and on back, in same hand : “ Elytraria. Justicia acaulis ”

N.R.

152. Dyschoriste madurensis (Burm. f.) O. Ktze. ( Calophanes littoralis T.And.,
F.B.I.)

” Ruellia ? Justicia madurensis Burm. Konig.”

N.R. Probably a duplicate of the type of Ruellia littoralis Linn. f. Suppl.
289, where derivation from Koemg is acknowledged.

153. Micranthus dorsiflorus (Retz.) C. E. C. Fischer, n. comb. ( Phaylopsis
parviflora Willd., F.B.I.)

” Ruellia dorsiflora N. Decumbens. Flores albi noctu odori.”

The type, described as Ruellia dorsiflora Retz. Obs. vi. 31.

154. Blepharis repens (Vahl) Roth (B. mollugmifolia Pers., F.B.I )

" Acanthus repens. Konig.”

N.R.

155. Barlena longiflora Linn. f.

“ Barleria longiflora Kdnig.”

N.R. Probably a duplicate of the type sheet, since Linn. f. m Suppl.
290 acknowledges receipt from Koenig.

156. Barleria lanceata (Forsk.) C. Chr. (B. noctiflora Linn, f., F.B.I.)

” Barleria noctiflora. Caules sesquipedales fruticulosi, orbiculariter
diffusi, ramosissimi.

Spinae geminae oppositae, basi ramosae.
Folia ovato-lanceolata, acuminata, pilosa
spinis breviora.

Crescit in aridis, solo duro ad Tanschaur,
Madras Naguhr copiose K5n.”

N.R. Probably a duplicate of the type of Linn, f.’s description in
Suppl. 220, where acknowledgment to Koenig is made.

Tanschaur==Tanjore.

157. Lepidagathis fasciculata (Retz.) Nees

" Ruellia fasciculata. Caule repente, ramis erectis: Foliis lanceolato-
ovatis, dentatis: Floribus terminalibus fasciculatis: Bracteis involu-
cratis.

An Ruellia alternate Burm. Flora ind. habitat in nemorosis, in
vicinia Thermarum Trinquemallensium ”

Type, described as Ruellia faKiculata Retz. Obs. iv 28. Trinquemallen-
sium refers to Trincomalee.

158. AndrograpJus paniculata (Burm. f ) Nees

“ Justicia latebrosa. In latebrosis intra spinetas absconditas. Konig ”
N.R.

159. Justicia tranquebarensis Linn. f.

'• Justicia Tranquebarensis ”

and in another hand : “ Komg in india legit et determinavit ”

N.R. Probably a duplicate of the type, as derivation from Koenig is
admitted in Linn. f. Suppl. 85.

Verbenaceae.

160. Holmskioldia sangulnea Retz.

‘‘ Holmskioldia "

Presumably the type of the description in Retz. Obs. vi 31, but there is
nothing to connect it with Koenig.

161. Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.

“ Callicarpa macrophylla. Fomes tomentosa Koen.”

N.R. Perhaps a duplicate of the type specimen, as Vahl refers to
Koenig as the collector.

162. Avicennia officinalis Linn.

“ Avicennia tomentosa. Bontia germinans. Kon.”

N.R.

Labiatae.

163. Gemosporum tenuiflorum (Linn.) Merr. (G. prostratunc*/iznth.., F.B.I.)

“ Ocymum menthoides. Kon.”

N.R.

164. Geniosporum tenuiflorum Merr.

" Ocymum menthoides. Konig.”

N.R.

165. Moschosma polystachyum (Linn.) Benth.

" Mentha perilloides? Spica secunda K6n.”

N.R.

Amaranth ace ae .

166. Nothosaerva brachiata (Linn.) Wight

" Illecebrum L. Achyranthes brachiata. Koenig, in agris oryzaceis”
N.R.

167. Aerva lanata (Linn.) Juss.

” Illecebrum L. Achyranthes lanata. Koenig, in aridis petrosis ”
Quoted under Illecebrum lanatum Linn, in Retz. Obs. ii. 13.

u Polygonaceae.

168. Polygonum piebejum R. Br.

“ Polygonum cihare Konig ”

N.R.

169. Polygonum barbatum Linn.

” Polygonum barbatum. Kdn.”

Probably the specimen referred to under Polygonum barbatum L.
Malabaria ” in Retz. Obs. iv. 25.

Aristolochiaceae.

170. Aristolochia bracteata Retz.

” Aristolochia bracteata. Kdn.”

The type, described in Retz. Obs, v. 29.

171. Aristolochia indica Linn.

" Aristolochia indica. Konig ”

N.R.

PlPERACEAE.

172. Piper longum linn.

" Piper longum. pi. monoica Kon.”

Referred to under Piper longum L. in Retz. Obs. vi. 19.

Lauraceae.

173. Cinnamomum seylanicntn Bl.

" Laurus Cassia. K5n."

174. Litsea glutinosa (Lour) C. B. Robins. ( Litsaea sebifera Pers., F.B.I.)

" Laurus involucrata N.”

Type of Laurus involucrata Retz. Obs. vi. 27.

Loranthaceae.

175. Loranthus longiflorus Desr.

“ Loranthus Loniceroides K. L. Koenigii Ag."

N.R.

Euphorbiaceae.

176. Euphorbia rosea Retz.

" Euphorbia rosea. Kon "

The type, described in Retz. Obs. iv. 26.

177. Euphorbia rosea. Retz.

" Euphorbia polygonoides. Kon.”

N.R.

178. Phyllanthus Urinaria Linn.

“ Phydlanthus Urinaria. Kdnig.”

N.R.

179. Phyllanthus simplex Retz.

“ Phyllanthus simplex Konig.”

The type, described in Retz. Obs. v. 29.

180. Phyllanthus Niruri Linn.

" Phyllanthus Niruri. K6n.”

N.R.

181. Phyllanthus Niruri Linn.

Phyllanthus maderaspatensis. Konig.”

N.R.

182. Glochidion stellatum (Retz.) Bedd. {G. rigidum Muell.-Arg., F.B.I.)
“ Phyllanthus stellatus. K6n.”

The type, described as Phyllanthus stellata Retz, Obs. v. 29.

183. Breynia Vitis-idaea (Burm.) C. E. C. Fischer, n. comb. (Breynia rhamnoides
MudL-Arg., F.B.I.)

" Phyllanthus rhamnoides. Rhamnus vitis idaea Burm. Konig.”

Type of Phyllanthus rhamnoides Retz. Obs. v. 30.

184. Antidesma acidum Retz. (A. diandrum Roth., F.B.I.)

“ Fam. Antidesmeae Endl. Antidesma acidum $ Retz. Obs. v. p. 30 certe.

Willd. Sp. iv. 763. 5. Dietr. Syn.

Patr.: Ind. orient.”

The type, described as Antidesma acida Retz. Obs. v. 30.

185. Acalypha fruticosa Forsk.

" Acalypha betulina. Frutex vix altudine humana, graveolens aromat-
icus. medicina Indior. Kon.”

Type of Acalypha betulina Retz. Obs. v. 30.

186. Matlotus phillippinensis (Lam.) Muell.-Arg.

" Croton. Caps, coccinea, sericeo toment. Hamparandale Cingal. Kon.”
Probably the type of Croton punctatum Retz. Obs. v. 30. The specimen
has leaves and fruit and no flowers, which fits in with the description.

187. Tragia involucrata Linn.

“ Tragia involucrata. Konig.”

N.R.

188. Sebastiana Chamaelea (Linn.) Muell.-Arg.

'* Tragia Chamaelea ? Kon.

N.R.

Ulmaceae.

189. Trema orientalis (Linn.) Bl.

" Celtis orientalis. Kon."

The specimen referred to under Celtis orientalis L. in Retz. Obs. vi. 34.
Moraceae.

190. Strtblvs asper Lour

" Trophis aspera. Cudranus amboin: Rumph V. p. 25. t. 15. f.l. 2
dioica sed Cudram Rumph. sunt spmosi

Flor. 12. 13. sessiles.

Cal 0.

Cor. 4 pet. C. ad basin usque 4 fidi petalis

lanceolatis membranaceis

Siam. 4. filamentis corolla longior: antheris

reniformibus

Pistilh rudimentum oblongum tomentosum.
Styl & Stigni : 0 "

Type of Trophis aspera Retz. Obs. V. 30.

Urticaceae.

191. Pouzohia indica (Linn.) Gaud.

" Urtica alienata. Kon."

N.R.

Burmanniaceae.

192. Burmannia disticha Linn.

** Burmannia disticha, an biflora. K6n."

N.R.

193. Burmannia caelestis D. Don

" Burmannia monantha. Kon.”

N.R.

Zingiberaceae.

194. Curcuma angustifolia Roxb.

” Curcuma globosa Koen. Hab. in nemorosis prope Midnapaur.

Radices inter optima remedia incolarum.
Colore subcitrino. Pulcherrima spica comosa "

N.R.

195. Costus 8peciosus (Retz.) Sm.

” Hellenia grandiflora N. Hb. Spiralis Rumphii. monandria

Banksea speciosa Kon. Costus arab. Sw.
Jacqu. speciosus Smith.”

Type of Banksea speciosa Retz. Obs. iii. 75, changed to Hellenia grandi¬
flora Retz, Obs. vi. 18.

196. AJpinia Allughas (Retz.) Rose.

" Heritiera Allughas Retz. Obs. vi.”

The type, described as Heritiera Allughas Retz. Obs. vi. 17 & t. 1.
Haemodoraceae.

197. Peliosanthes neilgherrensis Wight.

“ Orchis Amb. major radice digit, p. 116 Rumph. vi. t. 54. f. L Sp. 2 ?

Hexandra 1-gym. Baccae 5 ad 9 distinctae
ovatae, laeves, nitidissime coeruleae. Sem.
magnum subnidnlans comeum albicans,
an ex genere Palmarum Konig. Dracaena
species ? ”

N.R.

Liliaceae.

198.

199.

200 .

202 .

203.

Gloriosa superba Linn.

" Gloriosa superba. Konig.”

N.B.

Anthericam ramosmn Linn.

“ Anthericum raraosum. K.”

N.R, Possibly not a Koenig specimen, and if from India, then from a
garden.

COMMELIN ACEAE.

Aneilema vaginatum (Linn.) R. Br.

" Commehna vaginata. Kon.”

N.R. Possibly a duplicate of the type of Commelina vaginata Li n n .
Mant. 177.

Araceae.

Cryptocoryne spiralis (Retz.) Fisch.

" Arum spirale N. Tranqueb.”

The type, described as Arum spirale Retz. Obs. i. 30.
Rhaphidophora lacinata (Burm. f.) Merr. (R. pertusa Schott)
“ Calla. Polvpodium lacmiatum Burm. Kon."

N.R.

Aponogetonaceae .

Aponogeton natans (Linn.) Engl. & Kr. (A. monostachyon Linn., F.B.I.)
“ Aponogeton spec, ignota. Saururi Sp. nov. Kon. spatha persistens ”
N.R.

Cyperaceae.

204. Kylhnga monocephala Rottb.

" Cyperus monostachyos ? Cyperus (monostachyos) culmo triquetro
nudo, spica simplici ovata terniinali:
squamis mucronatis Lin. Mant. pi. 2. p. 180.
n. 24.

Habitat in India orientali. Koenig. Nova
hac specie me ditavit Dnus: Mag: Lindwall.”

N.R.

205.

210 .

211 .

212 .

Pycreus sanguinolentus (Vahl) Nees
" Cyperus cruentus N.”

Type of Cyperus cruentus Retz. Obs. v. 13, non Rottb.

Pycreus pumilus (Linn.) Domin (P. nitens Nees, F.B.I.)

" Cyperus cruentus N."

Type of Cyperus nitens Retz. Obs. v, 13, non Rottb.

Pycreus pumilus Domin
" Cyperus pygmaeus N. Koenig."

Type of Cyperus pygmaeus Retz. Obs. iv. 9.

Pycreus globosus (All.) Reichb. (P. capillaris Nees var. nilagiricus C. B.
Cl., F.B.I.)

” Cyperus flavidus N.”

Type of Cyperus flavidus Retz. Obs. v. 13, non auct. Vide K.B. 1931, 262.
Pycreus odoratus (Linn.) Reichb. (P. polystachyus Beauv., F.B.I.)

“ Cyperus polystachyos. Kon.”

N,R. Perhaps a duplicate of the type of Cyperus polystachyos Rottb.
Descr. & Ic, 39.

Juncellus laevigatas (Linn.) C. B. Clarke
" Cyperus mucronatus N.”

Type of Cyperus mucronatus Retz. Obs. v. 10.

Cyperus castaneus Willd.

" Cyperus squarrosus Fr. R. Konig.”

N.R.

Cyperus tenuispicus Steud. (C. flavidus C. B. Clarke, F.B.I non Retz )

’ Cyperus Haspan. Kdnig." ’

N.R. Perhaps a duplicate of one of the specimens quoted under
Cyperus Haspan m Rottb. Descr, & Ic. 36. n

213. Gyp eras niveus Retz.

" Cyperus niveus N."

Type, described in Retz. Obs. v. 12.

214. Cyperus leucocephalus Retz.

"Cyperus leucocephalus N."

Type, described in Retz. Obs. v. 11.

215. Cyperus arenarius Retz.

" Cyperus arenarius. Kon.”

Type, described in Retz. Obs. iv. 9.

216. Cyperus compressus Linn.

“ Cyperus compressus. Kon.”

Referred to in Retz. Obs. iv. 11 as pentaphyllous, with long leaves.

217. Cyperus Iria Linn.

“ Cyperus Santonici Fr. R. Konig.”

N.R. Probably a duplicate of the type of Cyperus Santonici Rottb.
Descr. & Ic. 41.

218. Cyperus distans Linn. f.

“ Cyperus elatus Fr. R. distans L. Konig.”

N.R.

219. Cyperus bulbosus Vahl.

” Cyperus Jeminicus. Kon.”

Quoted under C. Jeminicus Retz. Obs. iv. 11.

220. Cyperus corymbosus Rottb.

" Cyperus diphyllus N.”

Type of C. diphyllus Retz. Obs. v. 11.

221. Cyperus longus Linn, subspecies mitis Steud. det. G. Kiikenthal.

“ Cyperus tenuiflorus. Kon.”

N.R.

222. Cyperus rotundus Linn. var. tuberosus (Rottb.) Ktik. det. G. Kiikenthal
" Cyperus Pangoroi. K6n.”

Type of C. Pangorei Retz. Obs. iv. 10, non Rottb.

223. Cyperus stoloniferus Retz.

“ Cyperus stoloniferus N. K6nig.”

The type, described in Retz. Obs. iv. 10.

224. Cyperus stoloniferus Retz.

** Cyperus rotundus. K6n.”

N.R.

225. Cyperus imbricatus Retz. (C. radiatus Vahl, F.B.I.)

" Cyperus imbricatus N.”

The type, described in Retz. Obs. v. 11. Vide K.B. 1931, 262.

226. Cyperus exaltatus Retz.

** Cyperus exaltatus N.”

The type, described in Retz, Obs. v. 11,

227. Cyperus exaltatus Retz.

- *' Cyperus racemosus N."

Type of C. racemosus Retz. Obs. vi. 20.

228. Cyperus exaltatus Retz.

** Cyperus canalicnlatus ”

The specific name first written was “ alopecuroides ” which is struck
out.

Type of C. canaliculatus Retz. Obs. vi. 20.

229. Mariscus dubius (Rottb.) Kfik. ( M . Dregeanus Kunth, F.B.X.)

” Schoenus Bobartiae Konig."

Type of Schoenus Bobartiae Retz. Obs. iv. 9 and perhaps a duplicate of
the type of Cyperus dubius Rottb. Descr. & Ic* 20. For name Mariscus
dubius see K.B. 1931, 263.

230. Mariscus paniceus (Rottb.) Vahl

*' Kyllingia Panicea Fr. Rottb. ic. t. iv. f.l. Scirpus cyperoides Konig.”
N.R, Perhaps a duplicate of the type of KylKngia panicea Rottb.
<., - . Descr. & Ic., who acknowledges receipt from Konig.

231. Mariscus cyperinus (Retz.) Vahl
“ Kyllingia cyperina N.”

The type, described as Kyllingia cyperina Retz. Obs. vi. 21.

232. Eleocharis atropurpurea (Retz.) Kunth
" Isolepis atropurpurea ”

Probably the type, described as Scirpus atropurpureus Retz. Obs. v. 14.

233. Eleocharis Chaetaria Roem. & Sch.

” Eleocharis setacea ”

Probably the type, described as Cyperus setaceus Retz. Obs. v. 10.

234. Fimbrystylis nutans (Retz.) Vahl

" Scirpus nutans K. Scirpus nutans, Cu lm o nudo, stricto, anguloso.

Spica terminal! solitar. nutanti
habitat in uliginosis Malacca.”

The type, described as Scirpus nutans Retz. Obs. iv. 12

235. Fimbristylis polytrichoides (Retz.) R. Br.

” Scirpus Polytrichoides. Kon.”

The type, described as Scirpus Polytrichoides Retz. Obs. iv. 11.

236. Fimbristylis schoenoides (Retz.) Vahl
" Scirpus schoenoides ”

The type, described as Scirpus Schoenoides Retz. Obs. v. 14.

237. Fimbristylis dipsacea Benth.

” Scirpus dipsaceus var. maj. Kon.”

N.R.

238. Fimbristylis annua (All) Roem. & Sch. var. diphylla Ktikenthal (F.
diphylla Vahl, F.B.I.)

" Scirpus dichotomus a K6n.”

Quoted under Scirpus dichotomus L. f) in Retz. Obs. iv. 12.

239. Fimbristylis annua R. & S. var. diphylla Kfik.

“ Scirpus dichotomus p. Kon.”^

Quoted under Scirpus dichotomus L. in Retz. Obs. iv. 12.

240. Fimbristylis annua R. & S. var. diphylla Kiik.

” Scirpus diphyllus N.”

Quoted under Scirpus diphyllus Retz. Obs. v. 15.

241. Fimbristylis dichotoma (Linn.) Vahl

" Scirpus (pallidus K.) aestivalis l" 41 vix Scirpus ”

Type of Scirpus aestivalis Retz. Obs. iv. 12. Vide K.B. 1931, 264.

242. Fimbristylis ferruginea (Linn.) Vahl
" Scirpus arvensis Konig.”

Type of Scirpus arvensis Retz. Obs. iv. 11

243. Fimbristylis spathacea Roth

'* Scirpus glomeratus. Kon.”

Type of Scirpus glomeratus Retz. Obs. iv. 11.

244. Fimbristylis argentea (Rottb.) Vahl

“ Scirpus argenteus K. monandr. similis monandro Rottb. ut ilium esse
credas”

N.R.

245. Fimbristylis argentea Vahl

“ Fimbryst. argentea K, ” and in pencil on front '* Scirpus monander ”
N.R. Probably a duplicate of the type of Scirpus monander Rottb.
Descr. & Ic. 50.

246. Fimbristylis argentea Vahl

*' Fimbristylis argentea. Kon.”

N.R.

247. Fimbristylis globulosa (Retz.) Kunth
” Scirpus globosus N.”

The type, described as Scirpus globulosus Retz. Obs. vi. 19.

248. Fimbristylis complanata (Retz.) Link
" Scirpus complanatus N."

The type, described as Scirpus complanatus Retz. Obs. v. 14.

249. Fimbristylis nigrobvunnea Thw

" 20 Fimbristylis diphylla. Scirpus diphyllus Retz. herb.”

N.R.

250. Fimbristylis tnflora (Linn.) K. Sch. (F. tristachya Thw., F.B.I.)

" Schoenus cyperoides. Kon.”

Type of Schoenus cyperoides Retz. Obs. iv. 8, and probably a duplicate
of the type sent to Linnaeus by Koenig.

251. Bulbostylis barbata (Rottb.) C. B. Clarke.

" Scirpus barbatus ”

Possibly the basis of the remarks under Scirpus barbatus in Retz. Obs.
vi. 20, but there is nothing to indicate connection with Koenig.

252. Scirpus supinus Linn.

” Scirpus lateralis N.”

Type of Scirpus lateralis Retz. Obs. iv. 12.

253. Scirpus grossus Linn. f.

" Scirpus grossus. Kon.”

Quoted under S. grossus Linn. f. Suppl. 104 in Retz. Obs. v. 15 and per¬
haps a duplicate of the type.

254. Scirpus squarrosus Linn.

” Scirpus squarrosus. Kon.”

N.R. Possibly a duplicate of the type specimen and also of the speci¬
men quoted under S. squarrosus in Rottb. Descr. & Ic. 50.

255. Fuirena ciliaris (Linn.) Roxb (F. glomerata Lam., F.B.I.)

*' Scirpus ciliaris 5 Fuirena Glomerata Vahl. Scirpus ciliaris Rottb.
p. 55 t. 17. f. L

a Scirpo Uncinato vix distincta ”

Probably a duplicate of the specimen quoted under Scirpus ciliaris
Rottb. Descr. & Ic. 55, and of the type, which is acknowledged as
received from Koenig.

256. Hypolytrum anomalum (Retz.) Domin ( Hypolytrum latifolium L. C.
Rich., F.B.I.)

” Scirpus anomalus ”

Type of Scirpus anomalus Retz. Obs. v. 15, but apparently not a Koenig
specimen.

257. Leplronia articulata (Retz.) Domin (L. mucronata L. C. Rich.,F.B.I.)
” Restio axticulatus. Kon.”

The type, described as Restio articulatus Retz. Obs. iv. 14.

258. Dipiacrum caridnum R. Br.

*' Carex prostrata. Kon.”

N.R.

259. Selena Uthosperma (Linn.) Sw.

” Selena tenuis. Kon.”

Type of Scleria tenuis Retz. Obs. iv. 13.

260. Scleria poaeformis Retz. (S. oryzoides Presl, F.B.I.)

” Cyperaceae Sderiae Sclerea poaeformis Retz. Willd. Sp. 14. Dietr.

Synops. v. p. 254. No. 66.

_ Ind. Orient. Kon.”

The type, described as Scleria poaeformis Retz. Obs. iv. 13. Vide K,B.
1931, 265.

Gramineae.

261. Digitaria puberula Link ( Paspalum Royleanum Nees, F.B.I.)

” Agrostis pilosa N, Kon.”

Type of Agrostis pilosa Retz. Obs. vi. 22.

262. Digitaria longiflora (Retz.) Pers., det. C. E. H. (Paspalum longt-
jfitonwn Retz., F.B.I,)

“ Jdus. Achar.” On front ” Coromandelia. P. longifloruiii ”

The type (?) described as Paspalum longiflorum Retz. Obs. iv. 15.

263. Digitaria longiflora Pers. det. C. E. H.

, ** Milium setaceum. Kdn.”

264. Eriochloa punctata (Linn.) Hamilt., det. C. E. H.

“ Panicum. Milium punctatum L. Koen.”

N.R.

265. Eriochloa procera (Retz) C. E. Hubbard, det. C. E. H. ( Agvosfis
piocera Retz. and E. polystachya H. B. & K., F.B.I.)

“ Agrostis procera. Kon.”

The type, descnbed as Agrostis procera Retz. Obs. iv. 19. For n. comb,
see Kew Bull. 1930, 256.

266. Isachne australis R. Br.

“ Panicum violaceum Rottleri. Koen."

N.R.

267. Paspalidium flavidum (Retz ) Stapf (Panicumflavidum Retz., F.B.I.)
“ Panicum flavidum N.”

The type, described as Panicum flavidum Retz. Obs. iv. 15.

268. Paspalidium flavidum Stapf.

“ Panicum flavidum S. V. Zeyl. K6n."

Possibly the basis of the remarks on P. brizoides at the foot of descrip¬
tion of the last named.

269. Paspalidum gcminatum (Forsk.) Stapf, det. C. E. H. (Panicum paspaloides
Pers., F.B.I.) " Panicum fluitans N. Konig.”

Type of Panicum fluitans Retz. Obs. iii. 8.

270. Echinochloa Crus-galli (Linn.) Beauv. (PanicumCrus-galli Linn., F.B.I.).
“ Panicum Crus Corvi. Kdnig ”

N.R.

271. Echinochloa Cnts-galli Beauv., the long-awned form.

“ Panicum hispidulum N.”

Type of Panicum hispidulum Retz. Obs. v. 18.

272. Echinochloa stagnina (Retz.) Beauv. (Panicum Crus-galli Linn.,
F.B.I.).

" Panicum stagninum N.”

The type, described as Panicum stagninum Retz. Obs. v. 17.

273. Echinochloa stagnina Beauv.

" Panicum Crus Corvi. P. pictum K.”

N.R.

274. Urochloa reptans (Linn.) Stapf, det. C. E. H, (Panicum prostratum
Beauv., F.B.I.)

*' Panicum umbrosum. Kon.”

Type of Panicum umbrosum Retz. Obs. iv. 16.

275. Brachiaria remota (Retz.) Haines, det. C. E. H. (Panicum remotum
Retz., F.B.I.)

" Panicum remotum. Kim.”

The type, described as Panicum remotum Retz. Obs. iv. 16.

276. Sacciolepis indica (Linn.) Chase, det. C. E. H. (Panicum indicwn Linn.,
F.B.I.)

" Panicum indicum. Konig ”

Quoted under Panicum indicum in Retz. Obs. iii. 9.

277. Panicum miliacewn linn.

“ Panicum miliaceum L. Kon.”

Does not appear to have been used in the description of Panicum
miliaceum in Retz. Obs. i. 11.

278. Panicum psilopodium Trin., det. C. E. H.

” Panicum flexuosum var. glabra. Kon.”

Quoted under Panicum flexuosum in Retz. Obs. iv. 16.

279. Panicum repens Linn., det. C. E. H.

” Panicum Ischaemoides Kon,”

Type of Panicum ischaemoides Retz. Obs. iv, 17.

280. Panicum antidotale Retz., det. C. E. H.

*' Panicum antidotale. Kon.”

The type described in Retz. Obs. iv. 17.

7 *

281. Cyrtococcum radicans (Retz.) Stapf
" Panicum muricatum. Kon."

Type of Panicum muricatum Retz. Obs. iv. 18, which is probably an
abnormal form of P. radicans Retz. l.c., the type of which is not in the
collection.

282. Cyrtococcum trigonum (Retz.) A. Camus, det. C. E. H. ( Panicum
trigonum Retz., F.B.I.l

" Pamcum trigonum N. Konig ”

The type, described as Panicum trigonum Retz. Obs. iii. 9.

283. Alloteropsis cimicina (Linn.) Stapf, det. C. E. H. (Axonopus cimicinus
Beauv., F.B.I.)

“ Panicum cimicinum Konig. Milium cimicinum L.”

Quoted under Panicum cimicinum in Retz. Obs. iii. 9.

284. Oplismenus compositus (Linn.) Beauv.

" Panicum lanceolatum N.”

Type of Panicum lanceolatum Retz. Obs. v. 17.

285. Oplismenus Burmannii (Retz.) Beauv., det. C. E. H.

“ Panicum Burmanni N. Konig ”

Type of Panicum Burmanni Retz. Obs. iii. 10.

286. Leersia hexandra Sw., det. C. E. H.

" Pharus ciliatus N. Panicula coarctata, rara, polygama.

Flor. corolla destituti

Calycinae valvulae cymbiformes com-

pressae, ciliatae

Pedunc. simplices

Hab. ad margines stagnorum ”

Type of Pharus ciliatus Retz. Obs. v. 23.

287. Trachys muricata (Li n n.) Steud., det. C. E. H. ( Trachys mucronata Pers.,
F.B.I.)

“ Panicum squarrosum. Kon.”

Type of Panicum squarrosum Retz. Obs. v. 15.

288. Zoysia matrella (Linn.) Merr. ( Zoysia pungens Willd., F.B.I.)

“ Mus. Achar.” On front: “ India orient. Koenig. M. Maritimum "
N.R.

289. Dimeria avenacea (Retz.) C. E. C. Fischer, n. comb. (D. pusilla Thw.
var. pallida Thw., F.B.I.)

*' Anthoxanthum avenaceum N. indicum K6nig ”

The type, described as Anthoxanthum avenaceum Retz. Obs. iii. 8.

290. Imperata cylindrica (linn.) Beauv. var. Koenigii Dur. & Schz., det. C. E. H.
(I. arundinacea Cyr., F.B.I.)

“ Saccharum Koenigii N.” and on front “ Hb. Retz.”

Quoted under Saccharum Koenigii Retz. Obs. v. 16.

291. Saccharum arundinaceum Retz., det. C. E. H.

“ Saccharum arundinaceum N. Arundo indica Konig

folia fasciculata. Pee Carumbo ”

The type, described in Retz. Obs. iv. 16.

292. Saccharum bengalense Retz. (S. arundinaceum Retz. in part, F.B.I.)
" Arundo bengalensis N. Kon.”

The type, described in Retz. Obs. v. 16.

293. Pollinidium binatum (Retz.) C. E. Hubbard, n. comb., det. C. E. H.
[Ischaemum angastijolium Hack., F.B.I.)

" Andropogon binatum N. Agrostis villosa K6n.”

and at foot in front " Hb. Retz.”

The type, described as Andropogon binatum Retz. Obs. v. 21.

294. Ischaemum muticum Linn.

” Ischaemum muticum. Koen. ”

A poor specimen, not specifically mentioned and doubtfully used for
the description in Retz. Obs. vi, 34.

295. Apluda mutica Linn.

" Andropogon glaucum N.

Anthistiria glauca. Triandra digyna ”
and at foot in front " Hb. Retz.”

Type of Andropogon glaucum Retz. Obs. vi. 34.

296. Manisuris Myurus Linn. ( Rottboellia Myurus Benth., F.B.I.)
"Manisuris myurus. Kfin."

N.R.

297. Ophiurus exaltatus (Linn.) O. Ktze., det. C. E. H. ( Opkiurus corymbosus
Gaertn. f., F.B.I.)

" Rottboellia punctata N. exaltata Konig ”

Type of Rottboellia punctata Retz. Obs. iii. 12.

298. Mnesithea laevis (Retz.) Kunth, det. C. E. H. {Rottboellia perforata
Roxb., F.B.I.)

" Rottboellia laevis ”

The type, described as Rottboellia laevis Retz. Obs. iii. 11.

299. Veiiveriazizanioid.es (Linn.) Nash, det. C. E. H. [Andropogon squarrosum
Linn, f., F.B.I.)

" Andropogon muricatum N. Tamulis Woetiwar. Radices ab indi-
genis usitatissimae ob odorem gratum dum
eum aliquantulo aquae fort, irroretur. Ex
his flabella praeprimis* parantur & cum
pennis Pavonum ad marginem omantur
Konig ”

Type of Andropogon muricatum Retz. Obs. iii. 43. *In the text in Retz.
Obs. this word appears as “ praecipue.”

300. Vetiveria zizanioides Nash, det. C. E. H.

" Andropogon muricatum N. squarrosum L. Konig ”

Probably a duplicate of the type of Andropogon squarrosus Linn. f.
Suppl. 4. 33 which was supplied by Koenig.

301. Dichanthium cancosum (Linn.) Camus, det. C. E. H. [Andropogon
caricosus Linn., F.B.I.)

'* Andropogon serratum N. Holcus setacens Kon."

Type of Andropogon serratum Retz. Obs. v. 21.

302. Aristida setacea Retz., det. C. E. H.

“ Aristida arundinacea. K6n.”

The type, described in Retz. Obs. iv. 22.

303. Aristida hystrix Linn, f., det. C. E. H.

“ Aristida squarrosa K. Hystrix L.”

Probably a duplicate of the specimen described in Linn, f. Suppl. 113,
Koenig being acknowledged as the finder.

304. Sporobolus diander (Retz.) Beauv., det. C. E. H.

" Cinna diandra N.”

The type, described as Agrostis diandra Retz. v. 19.

305. Sporobolus tremulus (Willd.) Kunth, det. C. E. H.

" Agrostis Matrella. K6n."

N.R.

306. Sporobolus coromandelianus (Retz.) Kunth, det. C. E. H.

“ Agrostis coromandeliana. Kon."

The type, described as Agrostis coromandeliana Retz. Obs. iv. 19.

307. Cynodon dactylan (Linn.) Pers., det. C. E. H.

" Agrostis linearis. Paaicum Dactylon L. ex sententia Lambert Tran¬
sact. Linn. v. 7. p. 309. Kon."

Type of Agrostis linearis Retz. Obs. iv. 19.

308. Cynodon dactylon Pers., det. C. E. H.

" Panicum lineare. Koenig ”

Quoted under Panicum lineare Retz. Obs. iii. 10.

309. Eleusine indica (Linn.) Gaertn., det. C. E. H.

" Cynosurus indacus. K5n.”

N.R.

310. Eleusine indica Gaertn., det. C. E. H.

“ Panicum. Kon.”

N.R.

311. Eleusine coracana (Linn.) Gaertn., det. C. E. H.

“ Cynosurus coracanus. Kon.”

NR.

312. Leptochloa fihfonnis (Pers.) Roem. & Sch.

" Poa chinensis. K.”

N.R. under Poa chinensis Retz. Obs. in. 11 & v. 19.

313. Leptochloa chinensis (Linn ) Nees
" Poa malabarica. Kon.”

Type of Poa malabarica Retz. Obs. v. 19, non Linn.

314. Arundox Donax Linn., det. C. E. H.

“ Arundo bifaria. Kon.”

Type of Arundo bifan a Retz. Obs. iv. 21.

315. Phragmites karka (Retz.) Trin., det. C. E. H.

" Arundo karka Komg Panic, secunda nutans ”

The type, described as Arundo karka Retz. Obs. iv. 21.

316. Eragrostis cilians (Sw.) Link
" Poa amboimca Kon ”

Quoted under Poa amboimca L. in Retz. Obs. iv. 20.

317. Eragrostis tenella (Linn.) R. & S., det. C. E. H.

” Poa cilians. Kon.”

N.R.

318. Eragrostis tenella R. & S., det. C. E. H.

“ Poa plumosa. Kon.”

Type of Poa plumosa Retz. Obs. iv. 20.

319. Eragrostis viscosa (Retz.) Trin., det. C. E. H. (E. tenella R. & S.
var. viscosa Stapf, F.B.I.)

" Poa viscosa. Kon.”

The type, described as Poa viscosa Retz. Obs. iv. 20.

320. Eragrostis japonica (Thunb.) Trin., det. C. E. H. ( Eragrostis interrupta
Beauv., F.B.I.)

" Poa biflora N."

Type of Poa biflora Retz. Obs. v. 19.

321. Eragrostis unioloides (Retz.) Nees, det. C. E. H. [E. amabilis W.
& A., F.B.I.)

" Poa unioloides N.”

The type, described as Poa unioloides Retz. Obs. v. 19.

322. Eragrostis nutans (Retz.) Nees, det. C. E. H. [E. stenophylla Hochst.,
F.B.I.)

“ Poa nutans. KQn.”

The type, described as Poa nutans Retz. Obs. iv. 19.

3S3. Eragrostis cilianensis (All.) Link (E. major Host., F.B.I.)

“ Poa amabilis Konig. Similis Eragrostidi sed axillae pedunculorum
nigro notatae”

N.R.

324. Eragrostis minor Host

” Poa Eragrostis Kon."

N.R.

325. Eragrostis pilosa (Linn.) Beauv., det. C. E. H.

" Poa amabilis Kon.”

N.R.

326. Desmostachya bipinnata (Linn.) Stapf, det. C. E, H. {Eragrostis
cynosuroides Beauv., F.B.I.)

" Poa cynosuroides. Kon.”

Type of Poa cynosuroides Retz. Obs. iv. 20.

327. Diplachne fusca (Linn.) Beauv., det. C. E. H.

" Festuca indica. Kim.”

Type of Festuca indica Retz. Obs. iv. 21.

328. Diplachne fusca Beauv., det. C. E. H.

" Poa contracta N. Konig.”

Type of Poa contracta Retz. Obs. iii. 11.

329. ?

“ Panicum dimidiatum Retz. Obs. 6. pag. 23, et Willd. Sp. PI. 1. p- 339.

19. Linn. System. verum.

Patna : India."

There is nothing to connect this sheet with Koenig. I have not been
able to determine it. It appears to be abnormal, the inflorescence is
defective. It is not Panicum dimidiatum as descnbed in Retz. Obs. vi.
23.

Pteridophyta.

330. Drvopteris cf. papilio (Hope) C. Chr.

" Polypodium. KSn.”

N.R.

331. Dryopteris prolifera (Retz.) C. Chr.

On attached label “ Polypodium proliferum Kon.”

The type, described as Hemionitis prolifera Retz. Obs. vi. 38.

332. Aspidium pteroides (Retz.) Ballard n. comb.

“ Polypodium marginale. Kon."

The type, descnbed as Polypodium pteroides Retz. Obs. vi. 39.

Retzius' type of his Polypodium pteroides is evidently an Aspidium,
section Pleocnemia, and the name Aspidium pteroides (Retz.) Ballard
is therefore proposed for it. The Dryopteris generally known as
“Dryopteris pteroides (Retz.) O. Ktze." thus requires a new name, and
Swartz’s epithet obtusatuni must be adopted. The species therefore
becomes Dryopteris obtusata (Sw., Aspidium) Ballard, n. comb.—P.B.

333. Ouercifilix zeylanicus (Houtt.) Copeland

" Onoclea quercifolia Willd. Acrostichum quercifolium Willd.

Osmunda trifida Jacq. Coll. 3. p. 281. t. 20.
f. 3. K8n.”

Specimen quoted under Acrostichum quercifolium Retz. Obs. vi. 39.

334. Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw.

‘ ‘ -Asplenium esculentum. Hemionitis K on. ”

The type, described as Hemionitis esculenta Retz. Obs. vi. 38.

335. Asplenium adiantoides (Linn.) C. Chr.

" Asplenium falcatum N. Trichomanes adianth. L. Kon.”

Type of Asplenium falcatum Retz. Obs. vi. 37, non Lam.

336. Asplenium nidus Linn.

" Asplenium nidus. Kon.”

N.R.

337. Cheilanthes tenuifolia (Burm ) Sw.

" Cheilanthus microphylla ? Acrostichum tenue Kdn.

Rumph. T. vi. p. 77. t. 34. f. 2. Dryopteris
campestris

Hab. in nemorosis Siam, Midnapour,
Tschandrancona ad sepulcra sinensium
Malaccae.”

Type of Acrostichum tenue Retz. Obs. vi. 39.

338. Adiantum caudaium Linn.

“ Adiantum caudatum W. K5n.”

N.R.

339. Pteris quadriaurita Retz.

“ Pteris quadriaurita. Kon.”

The type of the species, described in Retz. Obs. vi. 38.

340. Pteris vittata Linn.

'* Pteris vittata. Kon.”

N.R.

341. Ophioglossum parvifolium Hook. & Grev.

" Ophioglossum (indicum) nudicaule. Kon.”

N.IL

342. Ophioglossum pendulum Linn.

" Ophiglossum pendulum. Koen."

N.R.

343. Azolla pinnata R. Br.

" Azolla. Lenina deltoidea Koen.”

N.R.

344. Marsilea minuta Linn.

” Marsilea minuta. Kon.”

N.R.

345. Selaginella ciliaris (Retz.) Spnng
” Lycopodium ciliare. Kon.”

The type, described as Lycopodium cihare Retz. Obs. v. 32.

346. JsoBtes coromandelina Linn. f.

“ Isoetes coromandeliana L., indica Kon.

Folia stricta, erecta, basi subvaginantia,
triquetra, laevia.

Hab. in humidiusculis solo arenoso.”

N.R. Probably a duplicate of the type which Linn. f. received from Koenig.

Species mentioned in Retz. Obs. but not found in collection.
Name and page in Retz. Obs. Probable correct name.

1 Menispermum Cocculus vi. 34 Anamirta Cocculus W. & A.

2 Capparis horrida v. 4 Capparis horrida Linn. f.

3 Mangifera pinnata v. 4 Spondias Mangifera Willd.

4 Aeschynomene cannabina v. 26 Sesbania aculeata Pers. var. canna-

bina Bak.

5 Zinnia bidens v. 28 Glossogyne pinnatifida DC.

6 Diospyros Ebenaster v. 31 Diospyros glaberrima Linn. f.

7 Diospyros Ebenum v. 31 Diospyros Ebenum Linn. f.

8 Myrtus laurinus iv. 26 Symplocos spicata Roxb.

9 Vinca parviflora ii. 14 Vinca pusilla Murr.

10 Cynanchum cordifolia ii. 15 Daemia extensa R. Br.

11 Periploca emetica ii. 14 Secamone emetica R. Br.

12 Strychnos colubrina ii. 12 Strychnos colubrina Linn.

13 Justicia parviflora v. 9 Rungia parviflora Nees

14 Achyrantb.es echinata ii. 12 Pupalia lappacea Miq.

15 Celosia polygonoides ii. 12 Celosia polygonoides Retz.

16 Celosia margaritacea ii. 27 Celosia cristata Linn.

17 Celosia comosa vi. 26 Celosia argentea Linn.

18 Celosia baccata v. 23 Deeringia celosioides R. Br.

19 Celosia Monsonia ii. 13 Aerva Monsonia Mart.

20 Nepenthes distillatoria v. 7 Nepenthes distillatoria Linn.

21 Cyperus Luzulae iv. 11 Cyperus sp.

22 Scirpus pilosus vi. 19 Fuirena glomerata Lam.

23 Sdipus caribaeus iv. 12 ?

24 Aegilops muricata ii. 27 Eremochloa muricata Hack.

25 Aristida depressa iv. 22 Aristida adscensionis Linn.

26 Arundo bengalensis v. 20 Arundo Donax Linn.

27 Andropogon incurvatum v. 21 Dichanthium caricosum Stapf vel

Lophopogon sp.

28 Milium ramosum vi. 22 Enochloa proccra C. E. Hubbard.

29 Panicum setigerum iv. 15 Urochloa setigera Stapf.

30 Bambos arundinacea v. 30 Bambusa arundinacea Willd,

31 Embelia Burmanni iv. 23 ?

32 Clavaria bifida v. 32 ?

33 Fucus zeylanicus vi. 40 ?

VIII.—NEW SPECIES OF NOTOTRICHE FROM
BOLIVIA. Arthur W. Hill.

Dr. Erik Asplund, during his expedition to the Andes of Bolivia
ten years ago, made a very interesting collection of several species of
Nototriche, which he has kindly sent to me for determination. Four
of them prove to be undescribed species and the descriptions are
appended ; there are also two well-marked varietal forms of species
I have previously described* which appear worthy of being given a
varietal name.

Careful examination of Dr. Asplund’s specimens has revealed
the fact that at the base of the calyx there are always five nectaries,
composed of short papillae forming circular patches round about the
vascular bundles running to the apex of each of the calyx lobes.
These nectaries had previously been noticed and figured only in N.
obtusa and N. congesta (2), but probably they are to be found in
almost all the species.

The play on leaf form exhibited by this genus, as mentioned in
the paper presented to the Linnean Society, is very remarkable.
Among the species collected by Dr. Asplund two with much
dissected leaves are worthy of notice. In both, the laminae of the
small leaves, often not more than 6 mm. broad, are divided up into
9 to 11 lobes and these each bear 1 to 3 pairs of lobuli.

In some of the species, such as N. ulophylla, N. obcuneata and
N. pulvilla (see figs, in Trans. Linn. Soc. vii.), the lateral lobuli
are short and are bent over at right-angles to the main lobe on
which they are borne, while in others, such as N. turritella and N.
pedatiloba, the lobuli are as long as the lobes and, like them, are
vertical and finger-like, and are closely wefted together by the stellate
hairs, which may cover both their upper and lower surfaces. In
several species, especially in the four new species described below,
the lobes and lobuli are somewhat fleshy and the lobuli are erect
and arranged like fingers closely pressed together, while in other
species, such as N. parviflora and N. dissecta, the lobes and lobuli
are herbaceous, thin and more elongated. The carpels are evidently
of considerable value for distinguishing between the closely-allied
species, since the length of the beak and the nature of the hairs
afford useful diagnostic characters. It is unfortunate that in several
cases no mature fruits have been collected. The character of the
indumentum on the lamina and elsewhere is important and very

*(1) Note on the genus Nototriche Tuicz., with an amended diagnosis
and descriptions of new species. A. W. Hill in Engl. Bot. Jahrb., xxxvii,
Heft. 4, 1906, pp. 575-587.

(2) A revision of the genus Nototriche Turcz. A. W. Hill in Trans. Linn.
Soc. London, Ser. ii., vii, part 12, July 1909, pp. 201-266, with plates 27-30.

(3) Nototriche holosenca A. W. Hill in Kew Bull. 1927, p. 248.

(4) New species of Nototriche from Chile with notes on Malvastrum.
A. W. Hill in Kew Bull. 1928, pp. 17-21, with text figs.

See also Malvaceae by E. Ulbrich in Beit, zur Flora von Bolivia in Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. Sonderabdruck aus Band 49 Heft. 1. (1912) p. 208.

difficult to describe. In all cases the hairs are stellate ; sometimes
the arms of the hairs are long and silky, while in other cases they
are so short that the tomentum resembles a fine plush-like felt.
The type of hair is characteristic for each species and under a high
magnification it would no doubt be possible to draw up a series of
different forms characteristic for the respective species to which they
belong.

A list of the other species of Nototriche collected by Dr. Asplund
is appended at the end of this account.

Nototriche leucosphaera A. W. Hill ; species N. Azorella A. W.
Hill, N. congestae A. W. Hill et N. turritella A. W. Hill affinis, ab illis
staminum columna quam corolla breviore, ab hac pulvillis minoribus,
foliorum lobulis paucioribus praecipue differt.

Fndiculus caespitosus; pulvilli ramosi, dense albo-tomentosi,
4-6 cm. diametro ; caudex subterraneus, lignosus, ramosus. Folia
arete aggregata; petiolus 4-5-6 mm. longus; stipulae petiolo
adnatae et cum eo quasi vaginam membranaceam circiter 2 mm.
latam formantes, parte libera membranacea lanceolata subacuta
2 mm. longa uti vagina utrinque glabra marginibus stellato-hirsuta ;
lamina ambitu semicircularis, 2-5 mm. longa, 4-5-5 mm. lata,
circiter 7-fida, supra dense albo-stellato-pubescens, infra sparse
pubescens, lobis 1-75 mm. longis iterum lobulatis, lobulis obovatis
obtusis, cunctis 17-21 sursum spectantibus ut digitis compressis
fasciatim dispositis. Flores prope medium petiolum siti. Calyx
campanulatus, 4-4*5 mm. longus; tubus extra paullum hirsutus,
intus glaber, basi nectariis 5 papillosis instructus; lobi 2 mm. longi,
dense stellato-pubescentes. Corolla albo-violacea, 8-9 mm. longa ;
petala obovata, basi in tubum 2 mm. longum coallta. Stamina
in caput compactum aggregata, quam petala breviora. Carpella
immatura 1-1*5 nun. longa, minute birostrata, dense hirsuta.

Bolivia. Dep. La Paz: Prov. Pacajes; station General
Campero, 4000 m.,£. Asplund 2782 (type), 2783 (5.iii.iq2i).

Nototriche coactilis A. W. Hill; species N. Orbignyanae A. W. Hill
affinis, sed lobis et lobulis laminae brevioribus arete aggregatis
haud laciniatis, calycis segmentis brevioribus, corolla minore differt.

Fniticulus caespitosus, pulvinatus; pulvini circiter 6 cm.
diametro; caudex subterraneus, crassus, lignosus. Folia dense
congesta, cinerea; petiolus 2 cm. longus; stipulae petiolo ultra
medium adnatae et cum eo quasi vaginam 3 mm. latam camosulam
formantes, utrinque et marginibus pilis longe stellatis instructae,
parte libera lineari-obtusa 8 mm. longa, facie in apice et dorso longe
hirsuta ; lamina ambitu subrotunda, 7-8 mm. longa, 1-1*5 cm - lata,
utrinque dense stellato-tomentosa, circiter 9-fida, lobis obovatis
obtusis 5*5 mm. longis, singulis 3-5-lobulatis, lobulis obovatis
erectis conjuncte compressis quam lobis brevioribus. Flores prope
apicem vaginae siti. Calyx supra medium 5-lobus, 7-9 mm. longus,
extra ubique stellato-tomentosus, intus basi nectariis 5 papillosis

instractus; lobi 3-4 mm. longi, triangulari-subacuti. Corolla
7*5-9 mm. longa; petala obovata, retusa, basi in tubum 2*5 mm.
longum coalita. Carpella (fere matura) 4-4-5 mm. longa, birostrata,
rostris 1*5 mm. longis, dorso stellato-pilosa.

Bolivia. Dep. Oruro : Prov. Abaroa; Challapata, 4700 m ,
E. Asplund 3347 (i.iv.1921).

Nototriche nivea * 4 . W. Hill ; species N. pedatilobae A. W. Hill
affinis, sed vagina angustiore, lamina et calyce nbique pubescentibus
praecipue differt.

Fndicvlus caespitosus ; pulvilli incani; caudex lignosus. Folia
arete aggregata, incano-niveo-pubescentia ; petiolus 8-9 mm. longus;
supra vaginam ubique pubescens ; stipulae glabrae, petiolo ultra
medium adnatae, et cum eo quasi vaginam membranaceam 3 mm.
latam formantes, parte libera membranacea oblonga obtusa vel
truncata 5 mm. longa 2 mm. lata, vagina et stipulis dorso et margin-
ibus pilis stellatis minutis dense instnictis, vagina supra prope basin
leviter pubescente; lamina ambitu semicircularis, flabellatim
9-10-fida, 3-4 mm. longa, 7-8 mm. lata, ubique dense incano-
stellato-pubescens, segmentis 2*5 mm. longis, lobis et lobulis obovatis
obtusis in fasciculos compressis digitiformibus sursum porrectis ope
pilorum colligatis. Flores petiolo prope basin insidentes. Calyx
campanulatus, 9 mm. longus, extra ubique incano-pubescens,
intus basi nectariis 5 papillosis instructus ; lobi triangulari-subacuti,
2-5 mm. longi. Corolla albo-violacea, 1*3-1-4 cm. longa; petala
obovata, emarginata, basi in tubum 5 mm. longum coalita. Carpella
4*5 mm. longa, birostrata, dorso longe stellato-tomentosa, rostris
175 mm. longis.

Bolivia. Dep. Oruro: Prov. Carangas; Sajama, 4500 m.,
E. Asplund 3965 (n.v.1921).

Nototriche violacea A. W. Hill ; species N. sajamensi A. W. Hill
affinis, sed foliis dorso hirsutis, lobulis subcamosulis aequilongis,
calyce breviore, petalis obovatis obtusis praecipue differt.

Fruticulus caespitosus, pulvinatus; pulvini 2-3 cm. diametro,
incani; caudex subterraneus, lignosus, ramosus. Folia congests,
apice ramorum rosulata; petiolus circiter 9 mm. longus ; stipulae
ultra medium petiolum adnatae et cum eo quasi vaginam mem¬
branaceam 7 mm. longam 3 mm. latam formantes, parte libera
membranacea lineari-lanceolata acuta 4*5 mm. longa, 1*25 mm. lata
uti vagina utrinque glabra, marginibus pilis paucis longe stellatis
instructis; lamina ambitu semicircularis, 4 mm. longa, 6 mm , lata,
9-lobata, utrinque pilis longe stellatis instructa apiefbus loborum et
lobulorum glabris exceptis; lobi et lobuli digitiformes, anguste
obovati, obtusi, subcamosuli; lobi singuli lobulis 2 lobos aequan-
tibus circiter 2*5 mm. longis instructi, ope pilorum intertextorum
colligati. Flores prope apicem vaginae siti. Calyx 6 mm. longus ;
tubus glaber, basi nectariis 5 instructus ; lobi 3 mm. longi, triangu-
lari-acuti, extra et marginibus pilis longe stellatis instructi. Corolla

violacea, 1*1 cm. longa; petala late obovata, basi in tubum 2*5 mm.
longum coalita. Carpella (immatura) i*5 mm. longa, vix rostrata,
dorso pilis sericeis 2 mm. longis instructa.

Bolivia. Dep. La Paz: Prov. Ingavi, Guaqui, hills south of
the railway, 4400 m., E. Asplund 2373 (4.U.1921).

Nototriche obcuneata A. W. Hill , var. cinerea A. W. Hill, var.
nov.; a typo differt pilis stellatis aliquanto majoribus, etiam in
pagina inferiore foliorum praesentibus, corolla minore (circiter
i-6 cm. tantum longa). Tota planta ob tomentum densum pilorum
longe stellatorum cinerea.

Bolivia. Dept. Oruro: Prov. Carangas; Sajama, 4800 m.,
E. Asplund 3898, type (io.v.1921). Dep. La Paz: Prov. Ingavi;
Miriquiri, 4820 m., E. Asplund 2868 (10.iii.1921).

Nototriche anthemidifolia A. W. Hill, var. sericea A. W. Hill,
var. nov.; foliorum tomento subtiliore, lamina aliquanto breviore
et latiore, subtus tomento griseo et pilis longis sericeis induta,
segmentis angustioribus brevioribus a typo praecipue differt. Ut in
typo, nectaria 5 basi calycis adsunt.

Bolivia. Dep. Oruro: Prov. Carangas; Sajama, 4500 m.,
E. Asplund 3881 (io.v.1921).

Other Species of Nototriche from Bolivia collected by
Dr. Asplund.

The specimens are preserved at Uppsala and Stockholm, and in
nearly every case duplicates have been very kindly presented to
Kew.

Nototriche acuminata A. W. Hill. Dep. La Paz: Prov. Pacajes;

near Corocoro, 4300 m., No. 3992 ; 4400 m., No. 4463.

N. anthemidifolia A. W. Hill. Prov. Pacajes; Charana, 4050 m..
No. 2662; Dep. Oruro : Prov. Abaroa ; Challapata, 4500 m.,
No. 3315.

N. argyllioides A. W. Hill. Prov. Pacajes; Charana, 4050 m.
No. 2694.

N. ftabellata A. W. Hill. Dep. La Paz: Prov. Murillo ; Incachaca,
4500 m.. No. 3426.

N. longirostris A. W. Hill. Incachaca, 4200 m., No. 1891.

N. obcuneata A. W. Hill. Prov. Murillo ; Pampa Tholoco, 4500 m..
No. 1976; La Cumbre, 4700 m.. No. 3848.

N. aff. obcuneata A. W. Hill. Prov. Abaroa ; Challapata, 4700 m.,
No. 3333.

N. pedicularifolia A. W. Hill. Dep. Oruro; Prov. Carangas;
Sagama, 4200 m.. No. 3989.

N. purpurascens A. W. Hill. Prov. Murillo; Pampa Tholoco,
4500 m.. No. 1942; Prov. Pacajes ; near Corocoro, 4500 m., No.
2471.

N. sajamensis A. W. Hill. Prov. Carangas; Sajama, 4500 m.,
No. 4462.

IX.— CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF TROPICAL
AMERICA : X.* T. A. Sprague and N. Y. Sandwith.

New and Noteworthy Bignoniaceae from British Guiana,
Mainly Collected by the Oxford University Expedition,
1929.

The identification of Bignoniaceae from tropical America is
attended with unusual difficulties. Without a special knowledge
of the group, the most experienced taxonomist will often fail to name
correctly even the genus to which a particular plant belongs, unless
both flowers and fruit are represented in the material. The latest
complete account of the family is that given by A. P. De Candolle
in 1845 (DC. Prodr. ix. 142-248), which naturally is now quite out of
date. One species, now known as Paragonia pyramidata (Rich.)
Bur., actually appeared in the Prodromus as seven separate species,
assigned to three different genera. Altogether, P. pyramidata now
has fourteen synonyms, and has been referred to seven separate
genera (vide Hook. Ic. PI. t. 2771).

In 1863, Seemann (Joum. Bot. 1863, i. 18, 87, 225, 257) undertook
a revision of the Bignoniaceae, but never completed it, probably
owing to the appearance of another work on the same subject. This
was Bureau’s Monographic des Bignoniacees (1864), of which only
the general part and the Atlas appeared. Bureau, who evidently
had a very extensive knowledge of the group, subsequently pub¬
lished revisions of the genera Tynnanthus and Lundia, a paper on the
value of anatomical characters in the family, and an account of the
Bignoniaceae of central Brazil, but he unfortunately never gave any
revision of the family as a whole.

Bentham (Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 1027 : 1876) recognised
53 genera of Bignoniaceae. Most of these are well defined, but
under the name Bignonia he included a large number of genera all
belonging to the tribe Bignonieae, but otherwise of the most diverse
affinities. His genus Tecoma also included numerous genera now
recognised as distinct. This defect was remedied by Baillon (Hist.
PL x. 1-58: 1891), who gave a valuable general account of the
family with technical descriptions of 97 genera. This furnished the
basis for K. Schumann’s systematic arrangement of the genera,
which is much easier to use, being accompanied by an analytical
key. Schumann recognised 100 genera, only three more than Baillon
(Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3b, 2x3-250 : 1894).

The account of the Bignoniaceae given by Schumann in Martius,
Flora Brasiliensis, vol. viii. pars 2 (1896-97) is the most compre¬
hensive modem revision of the American species. It is mainly
confined, however, to those of Brazil and Guiana, and its value is
greatly impaired by the fact that type-specimens in the Paris
Herbarium and that of De Candolle were not seen by Schumann.
Apart from these limitations it is a valuable piece of pioneer work,

♦Continued from K.B. 1932, p. 28.

and is indispensable to the student of tropical American Bignoni-
aceae. The treatment of the Guiana species is not altogether
satisfactory, many of them having been described from inadequate
material, and some having been assigned to the wrong genera, with
the result that they could not be identified without examination of
the type material. Thus Tanaecium ovatum Bur. et K. Schum. and
Memota consanguinea Bur. et K. Schum., both described in Flora
Brasiliensis, now prove to be one and the same species of Memora.
The assignment of species to Pithecoctenium and " Distictis ”
(Distictella) is unsatisfactory, owing to neglect of anatomical char¬
acters actually given in the introduction. All these circumstances
combine to make the description of new American species of
Bignoniaceae a venturesome proceeding. We may mention that,
as the result of exammation of types in various Herbaria, only one
out of four supposed new species survives in the present paper.

Two new genera, Pseudopaegma and Roentgenia, proposed by
Urban (Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. xxxiv. 739, 747 : 1916), are here
accepted, and Pachyptera DC. is restored to generic rank. Anemo-
paegma microcalyx may eventually have to be removed from
Anemopaegma , which at present includes several rather different
morphological types.

Many of the difficulties connected with the classification of the
British Guiana Bignoniaceae are dealt with below, and it should
soon be possible to supply a complete descriptive account of the
species hitherto recorded from the Colony.

The preparation of the present paper has been rendered possible
only by the generous loan of type material from the Herbaria at
Berlin, Brussels and Gottingen.

Arrabidaea candicans (Rich.) DC. in DC. Prodr. ix. 185 (1845).—
Bignonia candicans Rich, in Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris, 1792, no.

Essequibo River: Moraballi Creek, fi. Sept., Sandwith 325.
Bush-rope in wallaba forest, to which it appeared to be confined ;
leaflets white beneath ; corolla reddish-mauve.

Distr. Northern South America.

Adenocalymma inundatum Mart, ex DC. in DC. Prodr. ix. 201
(1845), var. surinamense Bur. et K. Schum. in Mart. FI. Bras. viii.
pars 2, 94 (1896).

Essequibo River; Moraballi Creek, fl. Nov., Sandwith 607.
A bush-rope in mixed forest, with bright yellow flowers. Other
col ections from the Colony are Jenman 1154 and 5284 (Essequibo
River), Jenman 691 (Mazaruni River), Jenman 3966 (Canje River),
Jenman 75 (Corentyne River) and im Thurn (Cabalebo River).

The following specimens have been seen from Surinam : Mara-
wyne, Wullschlaegel 11 (typus in Herb. Brux.); Para, WuLl-
schlaegel 1513 (Herb. Brux.) ; banks of the Surinam River, Kegel
1195 (Herb. Goetting.); banks of River Cassepoerekreek, Kegel 1167
(Herb. Goetting.).

Martius’ type specimen of the species has not been seen. He
described the corolla as glabrous, and Bureau and K. Schumann
wrote " corolla extus glabra ” ; but the flowers of the Guiana variety
have a very distinct indumentum on the outer surface.

Pachyptera foveolata DC. in DC. Prodr. ix. 175 (1845) ; Bur.
Monogr. Bignon., Atlas, 6, t. 4 (1864), forma calyce breviore, ore
recto truncato vel subtruncato, ovulis paucioribus recedens.
Descriptio ex speciminibus in Guiana Britannica lectis confecta.

Frutex scandens; ramuli annotini subteretes, circiter 4 mm.
diametro, conspicue costati, glabrati, sub nodis glandulis numerosis
patelliformibus in foveolis suberoso-marginatis insigniter immersis
omati, homotini compressi, 2-5-3-5 mm. lati, faciebus medio
excavatis, puberuli. Folia 3-foliolata; petiolus 3-5-5 cm - longus,
indumento ramulorum, supra applanatus vel late excavatus, apice
in facie superiore sub junctione petiolulorum glandulis numerosis
immersis eis ramulorum similibus omatus; petioluli indumento
simili, terminalis 2-6-4-2 cm. longus, laterales 1 -2-1-5 cm. longi;
foliola subaequalia, ovata, apice longe acutissime acuminata, basi
leviter cordata. 14-18 cm. longa, 7-9-5 cm. lata, chartacea, supra
subopaca, costa minutissime puberula excepta glabra, subtilissime
sed haud conspicue reticulata, subtus costa nervisque lateralibus
similiter indutis exceptis glabra sed glandulis patelliformibus hie
illic praecipue in areis inter nervos laterales conspersa, necnon satis
copiose minute impresso-punctata, similiter vel paullo laxius
reticulata ; nervi laterales utrinque 8-10, patulo-ascendentes, satis
longe a margine anastomosantes. Inflorescentiae ramulos axillares
annotinos 2-4 cm. longos defoliatos vel ramulos homotinos foliatos
terminantes, simpliciter racemosae, pauciflorae, dense puberulae;
rhachis o-6-i cm. longa, consociebus glandularum notata ; bracteae
basales 5 mm. longae, apice trifidae, ceterae subulato-lanceolatae,
ad 1-5 mm. longae; pedicelli 5-8 mm. longi, bracteolis minutis.
Calyx anguste campanulatus, 7-5 mm. longus, ore truncato minute
denticulato 5-6 mm. diametro, extra minutissime puberulus et juxta
medium glandulis longitudinaliter seriatis patelliformibus immersis
omatus. Corolla lactea, anguste infundibularis, 6-5 cm. longa, tubo
usque circiter 2-5 cm. supra basin cylindrico, deinde ampliato et sub
lobis (applanato) ad 1*2 cm, lato, extra basi excepta minute puberulo,
limbo 2*7 cm. lato; lobi obovato-oblongi, apice plus minusve
rotundati usque truncato-emarginati, 8-10 mm. longi, 8-9 mm.
lati, utrinque papilloso-puberuli, extra etiam infeme serie singula
utroque latere venae mediae glandularum patelliformium notati.
Stamina circiter 3 cm. supra basin corollae tubi inserta, anteriora
(longiora) 2 cm., lateralia (breviora) 1-5 cm. longa; filamentorum
partes corollae tubo adnatae infra insertionem circiter per 1-3 cm.
pilis albis nigro-capitatis dense villosae, praecipue infeme ;
antherarum thecae sursum semicirculariter inflexae semicirculo
2 mm. diametro, densissime longe albo-villosae. Staminodium haud
visum sed ut videtur 2 mm. infra insertionem staminum insertion.

Discus pulvinaris, i*5 mm. altus. Ovarium compression, valde
4-costatum costis medianis et lateralibus, ambitu elliptico-oblongum,
3 mm. longum, dense acute ferrugineo-papillatum; stylus circiter
4*3 cm. longus. Ovula 13 pro loculo, 2-seriata seriebus singulis
6-7-ovulatis.— Adenocalymma foveolatum K. Schum. in Engl. &
Prantl, Pflanzenfam. iv. 3b, 214 (1894); Bur. et K. Schum. in Mart.
FI. Bras. viii. pars 2, 109 (1896); Urb. in Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges.
xxxiv. 738 (1916); Standley in Contrib. U.S. Nat.Herb, xxvii. 340
(1928). Bignonia cherere Aubl. Hist. PI. Guiane, t. 260non
descr. Adenocalymma stndula Miers in Ann. & Mag. Nat. Hist,
ser. 3, vii. 392 (1861), quoad specimen in Mus. Brit. A. brachybotrys
DC. in DC. Prodr. ix. 202 (1845).

British Guiana. Essequibo River, Moraballi Creek, fl. Nov.,
Sandwith 617. Climber among low trees on creek bank. Corolla
milk-white. Anthers whitish-woolly.

An extremely interesting species morphologically, characterised
by groups of sunk plate-shaped glands not only on the flattened
sides of the nodes, where similar groups of glands frequently occur
in species of Adenocalymma, Saldanhaea and Cuspidaria, but also
on the upper surface of the petiole at its apex, as was noted by De
Candolle (l.c.), and on the exterior of the corolla-lobes. P. foveolata
differs from all known species of Adenocalymma in having densely
villous anthers, a character shared with all the species of Lundia,
and shown to a lesser extent by Cuspidaria pterocarpa (Cham.) DC.

The genus Pachyptera DC. in DC. Prodr. ix. 175 (1845) was
based on two new species, P. puberula DC. (Bignonia pachyptera DC.
in Ann. Sc. Nat. sdr. 2, xi. 286 : 1839, nomen) and P. foveolata DC. ;
the generic characters were mainly derived from the capsule and
seeds, which were unknown in the remaining four species assigned
to Pachyptera by De Candolle. The “ historic ” type of Pachyptera
is P. puberula, which was mentioned without description by De
Candolle in 1839 under the name Bignonia pachyptera, as repre¬
senting the second of six groups of species which he considered
should be separated from the genus Bignonia. De Candolle’s
generic description of Pachyptera, however, was evidently based
mainly on P. foveolata since it mentions that the marginal nerves of
the capsule separate from the valves and septum, forming a replum,
and that the seeds are inserted at the sides of the septum, characters
taken from P. foveolata. Hence that species should be accepted as
the type of the generic name Pachyptera.

Schu m a nn transferred P. foveolata to the genus Adenocalymma
in 1894, and two years later treated Pachyptera as a section of
Adenocalymma distinguished by its villous anthers, and the groups of
plate-shaped glands outside the corolla-lobes. In 1916 Urban (l.c.)
pointed out that the pollen of A. foveolatum differed from that of
Adenocalymma in being 3-grooved. We have therefore no hesitation
in accepting Pachyptera as an independent genus. We were at first
inclined to treat the British Guiana material as representing a

separate species, distinguished by the considerabty shorter symmet¬
rically truncate calyx and the smaller number of ovules (13 in each
loculus, compared with 21 figured for A. foveolatum) as well as by the
puberulous branchlets and petioles. Fendler’s no. 206 from Chagres,
Isthmus of Panama, however, though agreeing well with the descrip¬
tion of A. foveolatum as regards the long oblique-mouthed and
shallowly lobed calyx, has densely puberulous petioles and 15 ovules
in each loculus; and Weir’s no. 72 from the Rio Magdalena,
Colombia, which has truncate calyces resembling those of Sandwith’s
no. 617 but slightly longer, also has densely puberulous petioles and
about 15 ovules, and furthermore has a greater development. of
pilosity on the lower surface of the leaflets than in the other material,
even the finest veinlets being distinctly though minutely pilose. Tn
the circumstances it seems best to assign the whole of the material
provisionally to the same species.

According to Standley, l.c., the flowers of P. foveolata are pale
purple; Weir describes them as crimson or deep orange; Jobert
as red ; Sagot and Richard as white ; and the British Guiana plant
described above had milk-white flowers. Bureau and K. Schumann
give “ Cipo de Canoa ” as a vernacular name of A. foveolatum
(presumably at Pari). They give the same vernacular name under
Memora consangninea (l.c. 267).

The distribution of P. foveolata (sensu lato), so far as we have
been able to ascertain it, is as follows :

Panama. Chagres, Fendler 206.

Colombia. Rio Magdalena, Weir 72.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Sandwith 617.

Surinam. Wullschlaegel 332 (Herb. Berol.); Wullschlaegel 1514,
ex Bur. et K. Schum., l.c.

French Guiana. Mana, Mdlinon 125 (Herb. Paris.), Sagot 883
partim, et sine numero (Herb. Paris.). Maroni, Milinon 205 (Herb.
Paris.). lie Portal, Sagot (Herb. Paris.). “ In Lucis insula,” Richard
(Herb. Paris.). Without locality, Aublct (Mus. Brit.) ; Poiteau, ex
DC., l.c.; Perrottet (Herb. Paris., type of Adenocalymma brachybotrys
DC.); Milinon 64 (Herb. Paris.).

Brazil. Santarem, Jobert 857 (Herb. Paris.). Pari, Sieber cx
Bur. et K. Schum., l.c.

M 61 inon's no. 64 bears a capsule 10-5 cm. long by 2-6 cm. wide,
very minutely pubescent, with a raised longitudinal central costa,
attenuate and apiculate for about 7 mm. at the apex ; seeds 2-2 cm.
long, 3-6 cm. wide including the thickened wings.

Aublet described Bignonia kerere as having yellow flowers, hairy
filaments, a compressed ovoid capsule, and seeds with a membranous
wing, characters which definitely exclude Pachyptera foveolata. The
fruit and seed of B. kerere are figured in Aubl. Hist. t. 263, fig. 1-4.

Anemopaegma robustumPw. et K. Schum. in Mart. FI. Bras. viii.
pars 2,123 (1896).— Bignonia robusta Klotzsch in Rich. Schomburgk,
Reisen, iii. 969 (1848), nomen.

British Guiana. Banks of the Essequibo River, fl. Jan., Rich.
Schomburgk 355 (typus in Herb. Berol.). Bartica, fl. yellow-white,
April, Jenman 3632.

The fruit has not hitherto been described. One on Jenman's
gathering is ellipsoid, suddenly narrowed at both ends, about 9 cm.
long, 5 cm. wide, 3-5 cm. thick, very minutely velvety-pubescent.

Anemopaegma Parkeri Sprague in Bull. Herb. Boiss. s6r. 2, vi. 375
(1906).

Essequibo River: Moraballi Creek, fl. Sept., Sandwith 345.
Bush-rope in mixed forest; calyx inconspicuously lobed; corolla
creamy-white.

Distr. Surinam, Brazil (Pari, Spruce 1130).

Anemopaegma surinamense Sprague in Bull. Herb. Boiss. s6r. 2,
vi. 374 (1906).

Mazaruni River, fl. Sept., Jenman 797: a bush-rope.

Distr. Surinam, French Guiana (. MSlinon in Herb. Paris.).

Anemopaegma microcalyx (G. F. W. Mey.) Bur. et K. Schum. in
Mart. Fl. Bras. viii. pars 2, 134 (1896) ; ovario sessili basi haud
contracto, disco minimo pedimentiformi a congeneribus distinctum.
Descriptio emendata ac ampliata e speciminibus demerarensibus
confecta.

Frutex scandens. Ramidi homotini subtetragoni, annotini
subteretes, 4-5 mm. diametro, sed nodis valde expansi, irregulariter
costati, cortice purpurascente glabro, consociebus glandularum
patelliformium supra nodos sitis; ramuli homotini 2-3-5 mm.
diametro, glabri. Folia bifoliolata, cirrho apice trifurcato terminata;
petiolus 3-5-6 cm. longus, purpurascens, juventute minute lepidotus,
demum glaber; petioluli similes, 0-8-2-5 cm. longi; foliola elliptica
vel late ovato-elhptica, apice breviter obtuse vel acute cuspidata,
basi rotundata vel levissime cordata, 8-14 cm. longa, 5-9 cm. lata,
tenuiter coriacea, opaca, supra glabrata, costa nervisque lateralibus
leviter impressis, venulis inconspicuis, superficie mgosula, subtus
minute inconspicue impresso-lepidota ceterum glabra, costa
nervisque satis elevatis, tertiariis venulisque prominulis; nervi
laterales utrinque 6-8, arcuato-ascendentes, procul a margine
anastomosantes; cirrhi 12-18 cm. longi digitibus usque 7 mm.
longis. Thyrsi axillares et terminales, 10-30 cm. longi ; pedunculus

3- 9 cm. longus, valde applanatus, costatus et striatus, sparse minute - '
lepidotus; rhacheos similis intemodia 3-10 cm. longa; cymarum
lateralium inferiorum pedunculi 1-5-3 *5 cm. longi; bracteae
triangulari-lanceolatae, acutae, 0-75-1 mm. longae, extra lepidotae,
lepidoto-ciliatae, deciduae; pedicelli 0-7-1-5 cm. longi (florum
teiminalium usque 2 cm. longi). Calyx breviter aperte cupularis,

4- 5-5 mm. (siccitate 3-3*5 mm. tantum) longus, primo visu trun-
catus, revera inconspicue repando-lobatus lobis plerumque
denticulatis extra lepidibus detersilibus minute lepidotus, glandulis

patelliformibus impressis 1-3 infra singulos lobos, nervis mediis
loborum supeme extra leviter elevatis (sed in statu sicco haud
cemendis). Corolla infundibularis, 6-10 cm. longa (statu sicco lobis
inclusis), roseo-purpurea, extra supeme glandulis patelliformibus
impressis notata, tubi parte basali cylindrica circiter 5 mm. longa,
limbo 4-8*5 cm. lato, lobis oblongo-obovatis 2-3*5 cm. longis,
2-3 cm. latis, extra minute lepidotis ; lobi intus breviter villosi,
ciliolati; tubus intus antice minute lepidotus, postice glaber.
Stamina antica 1 cm. supra basin inserta, circiter 2 cm. longa,
lateralia 0*7 cm. supra basin inserta, circiter 1*4 cm. longa; anther-
arum thecae divaricatae, singulae 3*5-4 mm. longae, connectivo
truncato. Staminodium 1 mm. tantum supra basin insertum, 5 mm.
longum. Discus brevissimus, pedimentiformis, 0*4 mm. altus,
0*4 mm. ultra basin ovarii horizontaliter productus. Ovarium
ovoideo-oblongum, 3 mm. longum, densissime lepidotum; stylus
circiter 3*2 cm. longus, infeme sparse lepidotus; ovula pro loculo
quadriseriata, seriebus exterioribus interiores imbricantibus,
singulis circiter 8-ovulatis. Capsula (ex exemplo cayennensi a
Soubirou lecto descripta) linearis, 65 cm. longa, 1*5 cm. lata,
applanata, nitida, glabra, linea longitudinali mediana obscura
impressa.— Bignonia microcalyx G. F. W. Mey. Prim. FI. Esseq. 211
(1818). Anemopaegma cupulatum Bur. et K. Schum. in Mart. FI.
Bras. viii. pars 2, 146 (1896), sed vix Bignonia cupulata Splitg.

British Guiana. Without locality, Herb. G. F. W. Meyer
(typus in Herb. Goetting.). Essequibo River: Moraballi Creek,
a liane on low trees overhanging a creek, fl. pinkish-mauve, Nov.,
Sandwith 548. Essequibo River, fl. Sept., Oct., Jemnan 1343.
Kaieteur Falls, aim. 1872, Appun (Mus. Brit.). Corentyne River:
Orealla, at river side, fl. Nov., im Thurn ; Orealla, Jenman 10 (Herb.
Paris.). Demerara, Alexander Anderson.

Surinam. Without locality, Wullschlaegel 1032 (Herb. Berol.) ;
Wullschlaegel 1336 (Herb. Paris.), distributed from the Brussels
Herbarium as Anemopaegma cupulatum.

French Guiana. St. Laurent, Maroni, fr. Oct. 1896, Soubirou
(Herb. Paris.).

Distinguished from all species of Anemopaegma known to us by
the ovary not being contracted at the base, the remarkably short
disk, and the linear capsule. Probably represents a hitherto
undescribed genus.

The above description, drawn up from the British Guiana
material in the Kew Herbarium, differs in certain important details
from the description of A. microcalyx given in Martius, Flora
Brasiliensis. The ovules are quadriseriate in each loculus, as has
been ascertained by dissection of flowers from different localities,
♦and the disk is flattened and extremely short (not exceeding 0*4 mm.
in height). Schumann described the ovules as biseriate, and the disk
as conical and 2 mm. high. However, he cited only Wullschlaegel
1032, which agrees essentially with our material, in particular in

having a flattened disk hardly 0*4 mm. high. As there was only one
ovary available for examination we have not ventured to dissect it.

We have not seen Wullschlaegel 59, the type of Bureau and
K. Schumann’s description of Anemopaegma cupulatum, but have
no doubt as to the identity of the species, as their description agrees
very well except for the statement that the ovules are sexseriate.
On the other hand, as already indicated by Bureau and Schumann,
it seems doubtful whether Bignonia cupulata Splitg. is conspecific.
The leaves of that species are described as puberulous on the nerves
beneath, the panicle as many-flowered with subpuberulous branches,
the corolla as an inch long or longer, and ventricose in the middle,
and the ovary as glabrous.

Pseudopaegma oligoneuron Sprague et Sandwith, sp. nov. ; affine
P. jucmido (Bur. et K. Schum.) Urb., a quo calyce brevidentato
differt.

Frutex ope cirrhorum alte scandens. Ramuli annotini teretes,
circiter 5 mm. diametro, subcinnamomei, cortice irregulariter
longitudinaliter fisso inconspicue sed densiuscule pubescente;
ramuli annotini teretes, sed infra nodos valde applanati, et ibidem
glandulis numerosis patelliformibus omati, costati, striati, densius-
cule crispule pubescentes, 2*5-3 mm. diametro. Folia 2-foliolata,
cirrho simplici vel furcato terminata; petiolus 3*5-7 cm. longus,
indumento ramulorum; petioluli 1*5-2*5 cm. longi, pariter induti;
foliola late ovata usque orbiculari-ovata, breviter acute vel obtuse
acuminata vel cuspidata, basi late rotundata vel subtruncata,
9-12 cm. longa, 5*5-8*5 cm. lata, adulta tenuiter coriacea vel
chartacea, supra nitidula interdum fere bullata, costa nervis usque
quatemariis impressis sed in canaliculis propriis elevatis, subtiliter
arete reticulata rete elevato, nervis venulisque sparse puberulis,
subtus nervis prominentibus rete venularum prominulo vel incon-
spicuo, crispule pilosula saltern nervis venulisque; nervi laterales
utrmque 4-6, suprabasales valde obliqui. Inflorescentiae
3-multiflorae, axillares, pedunculatae, dense crispule pubescentes,
3-florae simpliciter cymosae, multiflorae corymboso-thyrsoideae
8-xo cm. diametro; pedunculus usque 3 cm. longus, ramis usque
2 cm. longis; bracteae thyrsi inferiores petiolatae, lanceolatae,
acutae, in toto 1 cm. longae, superiores subulatae, 2-4 mm. longae ;
bracteolae minutae; pedicelli 3-10 mm. longi. Calyx breviter
aperte campanulatus, 7 mm. longus dentibus exclusis, ore 1 cm.
diametro, extra breviter appresse pubescens et supeme infra lobos
consociebus glandularum patelliformium parvarum omatus,
inconspicue lobatus, lobis breviter latissime depresse deltoideis
conspicue crasse apiculatis, apiculis inclusis 1*5-2 mm. longis,
apiculis ipsis o*5-o*8 mm. longis. Corolla laete lutea, campanulato-
infundibularis, 4-6*5 cm. longa, tubo 1-1*5 cm. supra basin con-
stricto et prorsum curvato, parte basali subcylindrica sursum
angustata, limbo 3*5-4 cm. lato ; lobi suborbiculares, circiter 1*5 cm.
diametro; corolla intus infra insertionem staminum cingulo breviter
88

villoso circiter 7 mm. longo instructa, ceteram glabra. Stamina
glabra, anteriora (longiora) circiter i*8 cm. supra basin corollae tubi
inserta, vix ultra 2 cm. longa, lateralia i*6 cm. supra basin inserta,
1*5 cm. longa; antherarum thecae arcuato-divaricatae, singulae
3-3*5 mm. longae. Staminodium i*6 cm. supra basin insertum,
circiter 6 mm. longum, glabrum. Discus pulvinatus, glaber, 2 mm.
altus. Ovarium compressum, ambobus marginibus costatis,
ellipsoideo-oblongum, 2*5 mm. longum, densissime lepidotum;
stylus 2-2*5 cm. longus. Ovula circiter 6-seriata, seriebus mediis
circiter 8-ovulatis.

British Guiana. Upper Demerara River, fl. Sept., Jenman
4070 (typus). Essequibo River: Moraballi Creek, frequent in
mora forest, fl. Oct., Sandwith 476. North-west District: Waini
River, fl. April, De La Cruz 3784.

Clytostoma noterophilum (Mart.) Bur . et K. Schum. in Mart. Fl.
Bras. viii. pars 2, 153 (1896).— Bignonia noterophila Mart, in DC.
Prodr. ix. 148 (1845).

Essequibo River: Moraballi Creek, fl. Aug., Sandwith 71.
Bush-rope; corolla pale purple, white within with purple stripes.

Distr. Venezuela (Cabuyaro, Sprague 159), Surinam, French
Guiana, Brazil, Paraguay.

Apparently a very widely spread and variable species with
polymorphic foliage.

Pithecoctenium granulosum (Bur. et K. Schum.) Sprague et
Sandwith, comb. nov.— Distictis granulosa Bur. et K. Schum. in
Mart. Fl. Bras. viii. pars. 2, 179 (1896). Distictella granulosa Urb.
in Fedde, Repert. xiv. 310 (1916). Pithecocteniim Uleanum Kraenzl.
in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, vi. 377 (1915). Pithecoctenium
granulosum Klotzsch in Rich. Schomb. Reisen, iii. 1158 (1848), nomen.

British Guiana. 3 0 38' N. Lat., Rich. Schomburgk 400 (typus
in Herb. Berol.). Without locality, Rob. Schomburgk 229 S (Herb.
Kew.).

Brazil. Rio Branco: Capoeira da Serra de Carauma, XJle
7706 (Herb. Kew., typ. coll. P. Uleani Kraenzl.).

The chief differences between Pithecoctenium and Distictella lie
in the fruit, and in the presence on the branchlets of Pithecoctenium
of fibrous ribs which eventually become detached ; these appear to
be absent in Distictella. Such fibrous ribs are present in Distictella
granulosa and we therefore transfer it to Pithecoctenium, although
the fruits are not known.

Schumann himself noted that Distictis granulosa differed remark¬
ably from all other species of Distictis, but unaccountably failed to
observe that it was closely related to Pithecoctenium stipulare Mart,
and P. scabriusculum Mart., which he retained doubtfully in
Pithecoctenium. So close is the agreement between P , stipulare and
P. granulosum that we were at first inclined to treat them as a single
species. They appear to differ, however, in the following characters :

pseudostipules conspicuous, suborbicular and glabrate in P. stipulare,
smaller, oblong or spathulate, and tomentellous in P. gramdosum;
calyx-teeth distinct in P. stipulare, minute in P. granulosum ; pairs
of gland-fields on the calyx short and relatively broad (more or less
elliptic) inP. stipulare , longer and narrower (oblong) in P. granulosum.
We therefore treat the two species provisonally as distinct.

Schumann described the ovules as 6-seriate in P. stipulare and
4-seriate in P. gramdosum. In the single ovary of P. stipulare
(Glaziou 8812) dissected by us, the ovules were 8-seriate, the middle
series being 7-ovulate; in an old ovary of P. granulosum [Rich.
Schomburgk 400), the ovules had already developed wings, and the
number of series could not be ascertained exactly, but it was certainly
not less than 6. There does not appear to be any appreciable
difference between the shapes and sizes of the disk and ovary of P.
stipidare and those of P. gramdosum. The disk is 1*5-2 mm. high in
both, and although the old ovary of P. granulosum is 5 mm. long,
as compared with 3*5 mm. for the ovary of P. stipulare, this difference
seems to be merely a matter of age.

Distictella Parkeri (DC) Sprague et Sandwith, comb. nov.—
Bignonia Parkeri DC. in DC. Prodr. ix. 157 (1845). Distictis
guianensis Bur. et K. Schum. in Mart. FI. Bras. viii. pars 2, 177
(1896). Distictella guianensis Urb. in Fedde, Repert. xiv. 310 (1916).
Pithecoctenium guianense Klotzsch in Rich. Schomb. Reisen, iii. 970
(1848), nomen.

British Guiana. Without locality, Parker (typ. coll.); banks
of Demerara River, fl. March, Rich. Schomburgk 1709 (typus D.
guianensis in Herb. Berol.) ; Rockstone, fl. June, R. Ward 8831;
Berbice River, fl. March, Jenman 1662 ; without locality, Hancock
92.

Distictella racemosa (Bur. et K. Schum.) Urb. in Fedde Repert.
Sp. Nov. xiv. 310 (1916).— Distictis racemosa Bur. et K. Schum. in
Mart. Fl. Bras. viii. pars 2,179 (1896).

Essequibo River : on right bank near mouth of Moraballi Creek,
fl. Nov., Max Nicholson in Sandwith 588. A climber with white
flowers. Other collections from the Colony are: Jenman 2356
(Macouria River), Jenman 799, 801 (MazaruniRiver), Jenman 17 and
im Thurn (Corentyne River : Orealla).

Distr. Guiana, Brazil.

The leaves on the type-specimens of Distictis racemosa (Suri nam ,
Wullschlaegel 1033, and Pari, Martius in Herb. Brux.) are all in
a juvenile and membranous condition but, allowing for this circum¬
stance, seem to agree very well with those of the British Guiana
material cited above, which are all fully developed and coriaceous.
The calyces of the type-specimens are tubular-campanulate and
1*4 cm. long, while those of the British Guiana material are campanu-
late and 0*9-1 *2 cm. long, but this is the only noteworthy difference
observed. Until further and better-developed material is received

from Surinam or the Amazons, it seems undesirable to separate the
British Guiana plant, even as a variety.

Roentgenia sordida (Bur. et K. Schum.) Sprague et Sandwith,
comb. nov.; R. bracteomanae (K. Schum. ex Sprague) Urb., afftnis,
petiolis petiolulisque inflorescentiaeque rhachi dense puberulis vel
tomenteUis, foliis ovatis costa nervisque utrinque distincte puberulis,
bracteis multo minoribus haud foliaceis, calyce breviore manifestius
tuberculato differt.

Frutex alte scandens, ope cirrhorum late pervagans; ramuli
subquadrati, homotini leviter striati, cinnamomei, dense crispule
puberuli vel tomentelli, annotini cinerei, glabrati. Folia 2-foliolata,
nonnulla cirrho longo apice breviter trifurcato terminata, cirrhis
tamen plerumque deciduis ; petiolus 0-7-3-5 cm. longus, indumento
ramulorum, cirrhi post lapsum infra in junctione petiolulorum
cicatrice magna patelliformi notatus; petioluh 0-5-1-6 cm. longi,
pariter induti. Foliola ovata, apice obtusa, obtuse cuspidulata vel
breviter acuminata, basi primo visu rotundata, saepius oblique
levissime cordata, 6-14-5 (-18) cm. longa, 3-8 (-9) cm. lata, adulta
rigide chartacea vel tenuiter coriacea, supra opaca, costa nervisque
usque tertiariis impressis, venulis nullis cemendis, ubique sed incon-
spicue lepidota, lepidibus facile detersilibus, praeterea costa nervisque
lateralibus puberulis, ceterum glabra, subtus nervis prominentibus
rete venularum obscuro laxissimo, indumento simili; nervi laterales
utrinque 7-8, satis longe a margine anastomosantes; prophylla
ramulorum (pseudostipulae) foHacea, suborbicularia, breviter
petiolata, siccitate nigrescentia, 5-7 mm. diametro. Inflorescentiae
.axillares atque terminales, pedunculatae, thyrsoideae, cymis later¬
alibus sessilibus 3-plurifloris, interdum in thyrsum foliatum com-
positum usque 25 cm. longum aggregatae; pedunculus 1-5-7 cm -
longus; rhachis 2-5-5 cm - longa, ut pedunculus dense puberula
necnon lepidota; bracteae primariae incurvae, lineari-subulatae,
2-5-6 mm. longae, pariter indutae; pedicelli 3-5-7 mm. longi,
lepidoti, tuberculati. Alabastra ovoidea, cuspidato-acuminata,
siccitate nigrescentia, vemicosa, tuberculata. Calyx campanulatus,
primo visu truncatus sed breviter irregulariter lobatus lobis pler¬
umque apiculatis, 5-5-6-5 mm. longus, extra dense lepidotus, supeme
infra lobos glandulis pluribus patelliformibus immersis omatus,
densiuscule tuberculatus. Corolla alba, sinubus intus purpureo-
maculatis, tubo intus cremeo purpureo-vittato, campanulato-
infundibularis, 5-6 cm. longa, tubi parte basali cylindrica 6-8 mm.
longa, limbo 3-5-4 cm. lato, lobis obovato-oblongis 1-5-2 cm. longis,
extra dense stipitato-lepidota ; lobi intus dense lepidoti, secus venas
plus minusve albo-villosi; tubus intus antice sparsius lepidotus,
postice subglaber, infra insertionem staminum villosus. Stamina
circdter 9 mm. supra basin tubi inserta, antica i-6 cm., postica 1 cm.
longa; filamenta infeme albo-villosa; antherarum thecae sub-
divaricatae, eae staminum anticorum 3-5 mm., lateralium vix 3 mm .
longae. Staminodium circiter 2 mm. longum, infeme villosum.

Discus nullus. Ovarium oblongum, indistincte subquadratum,
levissime compressum, 4 mm. longum, 1-3 mm. et 1 mm. latum,
densissime pallide fulvo-lepidotum; stylus circiter 2-5 cm. longus,
inferne sparse lepidotus ; ovula pro loculo 33-36, biseriata, seriebus
singulis 16-18-oyulatis. Capsula (e Benoist 897 descripta), linearis,
usque 34 cm. longa, 1*6-2 cm. lata, pallide brunnea, glabra. Semina
1*8 cm. longa, 5-6 cm. lata ; embryo circiter 1 cm. diametro.—
Arrabidaea soidida Bur. et K. Schum. in Mart. FI. Bras. viii. pars 2,
30 (1896). Bignonia sordida Klotzsch in Rich. Schomburgk, Reisen,
iii. 1158 (1848), nomen.

British Guiana. Essequibo River : Moraballi Creek, bush-
rope in morabukea forest, fl. Nov., Sandwith 577. Cuyuni River:
near Tinamu Fall, fl. March, Martyn 289 ; Stop-off Fall, by riverside,
fl. Feb.. Brinsley in Forestry Department no. 2050. Corentyne River:
Orealla, fl. Nov., Jenman 496, fl. Sept., im Thurn. Upper Rupununi
River, fl. May, Rich. Schomburgk 1296 (typus in Herb. Berol.).

French Guiana. Without locality, Martin (Mus. Brit.). St.
Jean, fr. March, Benoist 897 (Herb. Paris.).

The corolla is white with a purple blotch at each sinus, and the
tube is cream-coloured within with purple stripes.

This species was originally described from very inadequate
material, the inflorescences being incomplete, and nearly all the
bracts and bracteoles having fallen off.

R. sordida is closely allied to R. bracteomana , from which it seems
to differ chiefly in the shape of the leaflets, and the inflorescence.

Roentgenia agrees with Cydista in the corolla and ovary being
lepidote, and in the absence of a disk. The inflorescence, which is a
thyrse with the lateral cymes sessile and contracted, with consequent
aggregation of the bracts, gives it a peculiar facies. Sprague
suggested in 1909 (Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg, 1 .127) that Cydista
bractemnana might represent a new genus, and this was confirmed in
1916 by Urban (Ber. Deutsch. Bot. Ges. xxxiv. 748), who separated
it as a new genus, Roentgenia, chiefly on account of the trifurcate
tendrils and plurisulcate pollen-grains.

Memora bracteosa (DC.) Bur. ex K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl,
Nat. Pfianzenfam., iv. 3b, 226 (1894); Bur. et K. Schum. in Mart.
Fl. Bras. viii. pars 2, 270 (1897). Spaihodea ? bracteosa DC. in DC.
Prodr. ix. 208 (1845), excl. 35m.

Essequibo River: Moraballi Creek, fl. Oct., Sandwith 505.
Bush-rope in mixed forest, only once seen. Corolla rich orange-
yellow.

Distr. Guiana, Brazil. Apparently the first record from
British Guiana.

The British Guiana specimens agree with a specimen collected by
Poiteau in French Guiana named Spaihodea bracteosa DC. by Bureau,
and with Sagot 404, both of which are stated to have yellow flowers.
De Candolle cited Bignonia alba Aubl. Hist. PI. Guiane, ii. 365, iv. t.

266, as a synonym, but this was described by Aublet as white-
flowered, possibly owing to confusion with some other species. In
the circumstances we reject Aublet’s epithet alba. De Candolle,
reiving on Aublet, stated that the flowers of Spathodea bracteosa were
white.

Memora ovata (Bur. et K. Schum.) Sprague et Sandwith, comb.

nov> _ Tanaechm ovatum Bur. et K. Schum. in Mart. FI. Bras. viii.

pars 2, 187 (1896). Spathodea ovata Klotzsch in Rich. Schomburgk,
Reisen, 1158 (1848), nomen. Memora consanguinea Bur. et K. Schum.
l.c. 267 (1897). Spathodea consanguinea Klotzsch, l.c., nomen.

The type-specimens of Tanaecium ovatum (Rich. Schomburgk 499:
Herb. Berol.) and Memora consanguinea (id. 537 : Herb. Berol.) have
been examined, and prove to represent one and the same species,
which unquestionably belongs to the genus Memora. It is unfor¬
tunate that the two species were published in different years so that
the specific epithet ovata has to take precedence over consanguinea ,
thus necessitating a new combination. The known distribution of
this species is given below.

British Guiana. Tacutu River, fl. April, Rich. Schomburgk
499 and 537 (Herb. Berol.) ; Quimatta, Rupununi River, fl. Oct.,
Jenman 5574; Camounie Creek, fl. April, Jenman 2031; Tinamu
Fall, Cuyuni River, fl. March, Martyn 279; near Stop-off Fall,
Cuyuni River, fl. March, Brinsley in Forestry Department no. 2044.

M. ovata is a riverside climber, with showy yellow or pale yellow-
flowers.

Jacaranda copaia (Aubl.) D. Don in Edinb. Phil. Journ. 1823,

267. — Bignonia copaia Aubl. Hist. PI. Guiane, ii. 650, iv. t. 265

(*775)-

Essequibo River: Moraballi Creek, fl. Sept., Sandwith 189.
A large tree, 108 ft. high, 16 in. diam., with pale bluish-mauve
flowers. Frequent in mixed forest and “ low bush.”

Vernacular name (Arawak), Futui

Distr. Nicaragua, Panama, Northern South America.
Jacaranda rhombifolia G. F. W. Mey. Fl. Esseq. 213 (1818).—
Bignonia filicifolia Anders, in Trans. Soc. Arts. xxv. 200 (1807),
nomen. Jacaranda filicifolia D. Don, l.c. 266.

Essequibo River : in low bush on the sandy right bank at the
first Falls, fl. Sept., Sandwith 219. A low tree with inflorescences
borne on leafless branches. Flowers bluish-mauve.

Vernacular name (Arawak), Sand Trysil.

Distr. ’Guiana. Occurrence elsewhere in Northern South
‘America uncertain.

Three other Bignoniaceae were collected during the Oxford
University Expedition to British Guiana, namely, Tabebuia
serratifolia (Vahl) Nichols, (vide Kew Bull. 1932, 26); T.
hypolepra Sprague et Sandwith (l.c. 25); and Schlegelia violacea
(Aubl.) Griseb. (l.c. 1930, 214).

X.—TROPICAL AFRICAN PLANTS : IX *

Cadaba obovata Bruce, sp. nov. [Capparidaceae]; affims C.
farinosae Forsk., sed foliis majoribus obovatis chartaceis, floribus
minoribus differt.

Fmtex parvus; ramuli juniores leviter lepidoti, pilis sparsis
strigosis conspicuis vestiti. Folia varia, majora late obovata,
3-5 cm. longa, 1*7-3-2 cm. lata, apice truncata, basi cuneata,
minora oblongo-obovata, x-3 cm. longa, 0*5-1 cm. lata, utrinque
rotundata, minute mucronata, supra leviter lepidota, demum glab-
rescentia, infra glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 4,
petiolis circiter 2 mm. longis. Inflorescentia racemosa, circiter
3 cm. longa, pedicellis gracilibus 1*5 cm. longis. Sepala 4, oblonga,
apice acuminata, mucronata, circiter 6 mm. longa. Petala 4,
longissima, unguiculata, ungue circiter 9 mm. longo, limbo lineari-
lanceolato 2 mm. longo. Stamina 4, filamentis 5 mm. longis,
androphoro 4 mm. longo. Ovarium anguste oblongum, 2 mm.
longum, gynophoro circiter 1 cm. longo. Fructus non visus.

Tanganyika Territory : Upare district 2300 ft., A. E. Haarer
823.

This plant is characterized by the variation in leaf form; the
larger leaves are broadly obovate and narrowed to the base, whilst
the smaller ones are oblong-obovate and rounded at the base.

Crassula parvifolia Bruce, sp. nov. [Crassulaceae]; affinis C.
pentandrae Schoenl., sed habitu majore crassiore, foliis minoribus
obtusis vel subacutis, floribus pedicellatis differt.

Herba perennis, glabra, semi-prostrata, caulibus ramosis basi
camosis 5 mm. diametro, ramis erectis circiter 15 cm. longis, inter-
nodiis 2-3 mm, longis. Folia opposita, parva, crassa, basi cohaer-
entia, ovato-lanceolata, apice obtusa vel subacuta, 2-3 mm.
longa. Flores flavo-virides, pentameri, pedicellati, in axillis inferiori-
bus 3-4 in superioribus 1-2 dispositi. Sepala 5, lanceolata, acuta,
basi cohaerentia, circiter 1 mm. longa. Petala 5, lanceolata, acuta,
circiter 1*5 mm. longa. Stamina 5, petalis breviora. Carpdla 5,
disperma, circiter 1 mm. longa, stylis brevibus.

Kenya Colony : Longonot, 9000 ft.; in volcanic soil on the
inside edge of the crater; semi-prostrate herb, flowers yellowish
green, E. R. Napier 221 (type).

This plant is characterized by its stout much branched stem and
small leaves.

Dombeya emarginata Bruce, sp. nov. [Sterculiaceae]; affinis D.
pedunculatae K. Schum., sed foliis majoribus emarginatis differt.

Fmtex usque ad 3*3 m. altus; rami stellato-pubescentes. Folia
ovato-rotundata, 3-lobata; lamina 5-9 cm. longa, 6-10 cm. lata, supra
leviter infra dense stellato-pubescentia, apice emarginata, apiculata,
basi anguste cordata, nervis circiter 7 infra prominentibus, margine

♦Continued from K.B. 1931, p. 275.

crentlata, petiolis 4*5-6 cm. longis pubescentibus. Stipidae lanceo-
latae, acuminatae, leviter pubescentes. Inflorescentia multiflora,
longe pedunculata, pedunculo terete pubescente usque ad 13 cm.
longo, pediceUis sub anthesin usque ad 2 cm. in fructu usque 3 cm.
longis. Bracteae ovato-lanceolatae, leviter pubescentes, deciduae.
Sepala, persistentia, lanceolata, acuminata, extra stellato-pubes-
centia, intus glabra, circiter 1*3 cm. longa, demum reflexa. Petala,
alba, late ovata nec obliqua, glabra, i*6 cm. longa, 1*4 cm. lata,
apice obtusa, decidua. Stamina 10, antheris anguste oblongis
5 mm. longis, filamentis brevibus tubo stamineo 2 mm. longo ;
staminodia 5, linearia, staminibus subaequalia. Ovarium pent-
amerum, tomentosum, ovulis pro loculo circiter 5, stylo glabro
stigmatibus 5. Capsula pubescens, seminibus glabris 4 pro loculo.

Uganda: Mubendi, 4500 ft., shrub up to 10 ft., flowers white,
decorative, Hargreaves 2046 (type); J. D. Snowden 17 ; Mulange,
4000 ft., grasslands and savannah, 6 ft. high, flowers white, local,
R, A. Dummer 4188; Mabira Forest, 3722 ft., in open parts of the
forest and savannah and bush land, flowers white, T. D. Maitland
521; Mulanda Hill, near Kabulamuliro, flowers white, T. D.
Maitland 96 AB.

Pavonia Rogersii N. E. Brown [Malvaceae]; affinis P. clatliratae
Mart., sed glanduloso-pubescens, foliis hastatis et carpellis triangu-
laribus medio utrinque unidentatis nec alatis differt.

Herba elata, ramis petiolis pedicellis bracteisque pilis patentibus
glanduliferis obtectis. Folia deflexa, hastata vel ovato-hastata,
1-3 cm. longa, basi 07-1*5 cm. lata, dentata, utrinque pilis sim-
plicibus et stellatis conspersa; petioli 1-1*5 cm. longi. Pedicelli
infra articulationem circa 1*5 cm. longi, demum 2*5-4 cm. longi.
Bracteae saepe n, anguste lineares, 1*5-2 cm. longae, pilis longis et
pilis glanduliferis obtectae. Calyx extra pubescens, intus glaber;
tubus 2 mm. longus; lobi 5-6 mm. longi, lanceolati vel ovato-
lanceolati, acuti. Petala obovata, 1-5 cm. longa, glabra, lutea.
Tubus stamineus glaber. Carpella 6 mm. longa, 5 mm. lata, triangu-
laria, angulis extemis medio unidentatis, glabra.

Rhodesia : Without locality, F. A. Rogers, 13242.

Erythrina rotundato-obovata E. G. Baker , sp. nov, [Papilion-
aceae]; ad E. indicam Lam. accedens a qua foliolorum ambitu
differt.

Arbor 9-10 m. alta, copiose ramosa, spinis magnis. Folia
trifoliolata, foliolis terminalibus rotundato-obovatis vel transverse
ellipticis 4-8 cm. longis 5-10 cm. latis superne glabris subtus pallidi-
oribus pubescentibus, foholis lateralibus ovalibus vel late ovalibus
leviter inaequilateralibus 2-5*5 cm. longis 3-5*5 cm. latis, petiolis
spinosis. Flores in racemis dispositi; pedunculi virgati, pubes¬
centes, 25-30 cm. longi; pedicelli 8-12 mm. longi, pubescentes.
Calyx spathaceus, 2 *3-3*2 cm. longus, glaber vel subglaber, apice
brevissime dentatus. Petala rubra. Vexillum oblongo-obovatum,

plus minusve 5 cm. longum et 1*5-2 cm. latum. Alae oblique
oblongae vel ovatae, 2-2*5 cm - longae et plus minusve 9 mm. latae.
Carina naviculariformis, plus minusve 1*5 cm. longa et 9-10 mm.
lata. Stamina 5-6 cm. longa. Legumen juvenile tomentosum,
rectum, 9-10-spermum.

Tanganyika Territory : S.W. Umba Steppe; Kivingo, alt.
1500 ft., very scattered in Acacia desert-grass country on pale red
soil, Dec., Greenway 1974 (type).

This plant is a close ally of Erythrina indica Lam., in the subgenus
Stenotropis Hassk.

Indigofera tanganyikensis E. G. Baker, sp. nov. [Papilionaceae];
ad I. suaveolentem Jaub. et Spach. accedens sed foliolis 5-9, calycis
dentibus glandulosis distinguitur.

Suffrutex erectus copiose ramosus, ramis teretibus pubescentibus.
Stipulae minutae, lineares. Folia imparipinnata, 2-4-juga, cum
impari foliolis parvis oblongo-obovatis 4-5 mm. longis et usque 2 mm.
latis supeme glabris subtus strigosis. Pedunculi graciles, plus
minusve 1 cm. longi, ad apicem 1-3-flori. Flores parvi. Calyx
brevis, strigosus, plus minusve 1 mm. longus, dentibus apice glandu¬
losis. Vexillum obovatum, 4-5 mm. longum. Carina naviculariformis,
4-6 mm. longa. Legumen rectum, cyhndricum, apice mucronatum,
1 *2-1 *8 cm. longum, demum glabrum, 7-10-spermum.

Tanganyika Territory : Singida; alt. 5000 ft., March, B. D.
Burtt, 1738 (type).

Uganda : Common in sandy soil along the shores of Lake
Victoria, alt 3700 ft.; a herb up to 1 ft. or more high, Mettam 296.

This is an ally of Indigofera suaveolens Jaub. et Spach., and is a
member of the section Dissitiflorae. The distinguishing features are
the 5-9 oblong-obovate leaflets, the short calyx with its teeth
glandular at the apex, the small flowers and straight, cylindrical,
7-9-seeded legume.

Haarera Hutch, et Bruce, gen. nov. [Compositae]; inter genera
tribus Vemoniearum involucri bracteis subulatis in receptaculum
cavatum late turbinatum connatis distmctissimum.

Capitula homogama, tubuliflora. Involucrum late turbinatum,
bracteis circiter 8-seriatis imbricatis subulatis numerosis exterioribus
gradatim brevioribus. Receptaculum cavatum et late turbinatum,
alveolatum, Corollae aequales, actinomorphae, tubo tenui, limbo
profunde 5-lobato, lobis angustissimis apice caudato-appendiculatis
extra glandis sessilibus instructis. Antherae apice inappendiculatae,
basi late sagittatae. Styli rami subulati, hirtelli. Achaenia anguste
4-alata, glabra. Pappi setae caducissimae, paucae, barbellatae.
Herba erecta, supeme ramosa, ubique pilis longis infeme transverse
locellatis supeme elongatis et unilocellatis omata; folia aitema,
sessilia, integra vel subintegra, infra glanduloso-punctata. Capitula
solitaria, pedunculata. Flores rubro-purpurei.

Haarera alternifolia ( 0 . Hoffm .) Hutch, et Bruce , comb. nov.—
Bothriocline alternifolia O. Hoffm. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost.-Afr.
C: 403 (1895).

Herla erecta, usque ad 2 m. alta ; rami striati, pilis paucis infra
medium multilocellatis pubescentes. Folia altema, sessilia vel
subsessilia, lanceolata vel obovato-oblanceolata, apice obtusa, ad
basin angustata, 3-9 cm. longa, 1-2-5 cm - lata, supra glabra, infra
nervis leviter scabrido-pubescentibus et glandulosa. CapUula
solitaria, pedunculata, circiter i-6 cm. longa et lata, turbinata,
multiflora. Involucri bracteae circiter 8-seriatae, subulato-lineares,
acute acuminatae, pilis purpurascentibus pubescentes, subaequales,
circiter 7 mm. longae, interiores lanceolatae, acuminatae, basi in
receptaculum profunde concavum coalescentes. Flores circiter
1 cm. longi, purpurei. Corolla 5-lobata, lobis anguste lanceolatis
usque ad 3 mm. longis apice caudato-appendiculatis, tubo glanduloso
circiter 6 mm. longo. Stamina 5, antheris oblongo-lanceolatis
circiter 3 mm. longis. Achaenia anguste obovata, circiter 1-5 mm.
longa, teretia, siccitate 4-alato-angulata, inter angulos maculis
multis fuscis linearibus minutis notata. Stylus 9 mm. longus,
bilobatus, lobis gracilibus pubescentibus 3 mm. longis. Pappi setae
caducae, paucae, barbellatae, circiter 2-5 mm. longae.

Tanganyika Territory : Kiruru, Upare, 2600 ft., near swamp,
A. E. Haarer 498 ; Sam6, Pare district, 2800 ft. approximately, A.E.
Hoarer 1241; Kikori, 4200 ft., very common purple-flowered herb
to 6 ft. high, forming thick masses of flower in Acacia formicarum
wood and associated with Hibiscus cannabinus, B. D. Burtt 2770 ;
PamganiandHimo R., 2200-2500 ft., Volkens 554 (type).

This new genus, which is named in honour of Mr. A. E. Haarer,
of the Department of Agriculture, Tanganyika Territory, is very
remarkable amongst the Vernonieae in having a hollow turbinate
receptacle. This is formed by the concretion of the numerous
narrow linear involucral bracts. The indumentum on these and
on the upper part of the shoots is composed of multicellular hairs,
the lower part of each hair being beautifully marked with pur¬
plish transverse walls, the upper part being unicellular, elongated
and pale coloured.

Barleria spinisepala Bruce , sp. nov. [Acanthaceae]; affinis B.
homotrichae C. B. Cl., sed floribus solitariis axillaribus, sepalis anguste
lanceolatis spinulosis differt.

Suffruticosa circiter 3 dm. alta, ramis teretibus reflexo-pubes-
centibus. Folia obovata, breviter petiolata, circiter 2 cm. longa,
1 cm. lata, apice mucronata, basi anguste cuneata, supra leviter
pubescentia, infra breviter reflexo-pubescentia, nervis lateralibus
utrinsecus 4 infra praesertim prominentibus. Flores purpurei,
axOlaxes, solitarii, sessiles. Bracteae circiter 1*5 cm. longae, ad
spinas pinnatifidas reductae. Sepala 4, adaxialia et abaxialia
circiter 1*5 cm. longa, 0*3 cm. lata, anguste lanceolata, marginibus
spinulosis, lateralia 1 cm. longa, o-2 cm. lata, lanceolata, acuminata,

integra. Corolla subaequaliter 5-lobata, tubo usque ad 2*1 cm.
longo extra leviter pubescente, lobis ovatis circiter 1 cm. longis
o-8 cm. latis apice rotundatis. Stamina 2, medio tubi afiixa, fila-
mentis circiter 7 mm. longis basi pubescentibus, antheris oblongis
2 mm. longis e tubo leviter exertis. Staminodia 2 vel 3. Discus
cupuliformis, circiter 1-5 mm. altus, margine crenulato. Ovarium
ovoideum, glabrum, stylo 1*2 cm. longo ad basin dense pubescente ;
ovula 4. Capsula glabra, circiter i-6 cm. longa, 0-5 cm. lata;
semina 2 vel 3, hirta, suborbicularia, applanata.

Kenya Colony : Kajiado, 5,700 ft., in dry pasture land, a small
woody herb about 1 ft. in height, with thorny bracts and mauve
flowers, E. R. Napier 755 (type) ; N. E. slopes of Aberdare moun¬
tains, 6000 ft., in poor stony ground, W. J. Dowson 542.

This plant belongs to the Acanthoidea Section of the genus
Barleria ; its narrow spiny pinnatifid sepals are a distinguishing
feature.

Dicliptera Napierae Bruce, sp. nov. [Acanthaceae] ; affinis D.
mossambicensi Klotszch, sed bracteis obtusis, inflorescentiis
laxioribus, pedunculis multo longioribus differt.

Herba circiter 3-5 dm. alta; rami albo-pubescentes, indumento
reflexo. Folia ovata vel ovato-rotundata, sessilia vel breviter
petiolata, 0-9-1-8 cm. longa, 0-7-1 *4 cm. lata, apice rotundata usque
acuta vel leviter acuminata, basi rotundata, utrinque pubescentia.
Cymae laterales, longe pedunculatae, pedunculis sub anthesin 8 mm.
longis, in statu fractifero usque ad 4 cm. longis. Bracteae ovatae,
circiter 1*1 cm. longae, 0*8 cm. latae, apice obtusae vel subacutae,
mucronulatae, glabrescentes, conspicue reticulatae. Bracteolae
lanceolatae, circiter 6 mm. longae, acuminatae. Calyx 5-lobatus,
lobis lineari-lanceolatis circiter 3 mm. longis. Corolla magenta vel
pallide purpurea, bilabiata, extra pubescens, tubo circiter 8 mm.
longo, labio supero 1 cm. longo, infero 1-1 cm. longo apice 3 dentato.
Stamina 2 ; filamenta reflexo-pubescentia, antherarum thecis super-
positis. Ovarium 1-5 mm. longum, stylo 1-4 cm. longo glabro.
Capsula circiter 7 mm. longa, glabra, seminibus 4 glabris 3 mm.
diametro.

Kenya Colony : Ngong, 7,000 ft., “ wet weather ” river bed
amongst rocks and grass, flowers mauvish-pink, bracts persistent
but turning brown, E. R. Napier 539 (type); Ulu, thorn country in
short grass, sandy soil amongst rocks; herb about i-xJ ft. high,
magenta flowers and anthers, papery bracts, very few flowers out at
one time, E . R. Napier 30.

This plant is characterized by the large persistent ovate bracts.

Dyschoriste decumbens Bruce , sp. nov. [Acanthaceae]; affinis
D. Volkensii Lindau, sed foliis minoribus spathulatis, corollae tubo
longiore et angustiore differt.

Suffrutex parvus, decumbens; ramuli juniores breviter puberuli,
maturi glabrescentes. Folia spathulata, breviter petiolata,

i-o-x-5 cm. longa, o*5~o*8 cm. lata, obscure crenulata, apice truncata
vel rotundata, minute apiculata, supra leviter infra dense pubes-
centia; nervi laterales utrinsecus 4. Flores viridi-flavi, axillares,
sessiles, saepe solitarii vel geminati. Calyx cylindricus, i*a cm.
longus, extra dense griseo-puberulus, intus adpresso-pubescens,
tubo circiter 8 mm. longo, lobis 5 lineari-lanceolatis acutis 4 mm.
longis. Corolla subaequahter 5-lobata, extra leviter pubescens,
tubo circiter 2-2 cm. longo anguste cylindrico, lobis obovatis 9 mm.
longis 5 mm. latis apice rotundatis. Stamina 4, e tubo leviter exserta,
antheris 1-5 mm. longis basi mucronatis. Capsula 1*3 cm. longa,
subglabra.

Kenya Colony : Rift valley, Narak road, just before it turns
north after travelling parallel with the Ngong Hill, 5000 ft.; in
scrub country subject to drought; decumbent and creeping among
the roots of Acacia and dry grass, flowers greenish yellow, sometimes
faintly tinged with purple, E. R. Napier 413 (type).

This plant is characterized by its small spathulate leaves, which
are clustered together at the nodes.

Isoglossa ovata Bruce, sp. nov. [Acanthaceae]; af&nis/. strigosulae
C. B. Cl. sed floribus minus pubescentibus majoribus, foliis majoribus
basi latioribus differt.

Herba erecta, usque ad 1 m. alta, ramulis subteretibus glabres-
centibus. Folia ovata, usque ad 9 cm. longa et 5-5 cm. lata, apice
acuta vel acuminata, basi rotundata vel rarissime acuta, inferiora
petiolata, petiolis usque ad 3 cm. longis, superiora subsessilia,
utrinque leviter strigoso-pubescentia. Inflorescentiae laxe panicu-
latae, terminales et axillares, leviter striguloso-pubescentes, bracteis
linearibus circiter 5-8 mm. longis. Calyx fere ad basin 5-lobatus,
lobis pubescentibus lineari-lanceolatis usque ad 7 mm. longis.
Corolla alba vel rosea, bilabiata, leviter pubescens, 1-4-1 *8 cm. longa,
tubo lobis longiore, labio inferiore 3-lobato, superiore 2-lobato.
Stamina 2, filamentis glabris 1-3 cm. longis, antheris ovatis bilocu-
laribus, thecis superpositis. Ovarium oblongo-ovoideum, circiter
4 mm. longum, styhs circiter 1*3 cm. longis. Capsula circiter
i*5 cm. longa, 4 mm. lata, glabrescens.

Kenya Colony : Near Nairobi, Aug. 1903, Whyte (type);
Magathi, 6000 ft. in forest undergrowth, tall herb rather straggling,
varying from x-3 ft., flowers white, E. R. Napier 85.

Tanganyika. Territory : Mgigile, Pare district, approximately
3500 ft., A. E. Haarer 1348 ; Keni, Rombo, East Kilimanjaro,
approximately 4000 ft., in hedgerow, flowers pink, herbaceous,
3 ft., A. E. Haarer 216.

100

XI.—CHIDLOWIA, A NEW TREE GENUS OF GAESALPIN-
IAGEAE FROM WEST TROPICAL AFRICA. A. C. Hoyle.

Ghidlowia Hoyle, gen. nov. [Caesalpiniaceae-Amherstieae], affinis
Schotiae Jacq., a qua calycis tubo breviore 5-dentato, dentibus
apertis, ovarii stipite tubo haud adnato, paniculis elongatis, legumine
magno elongato, recedit.

Calycis tubus campanulatus, aequaliter et brevissime dentatus,
dentibus 5 apertis. Discus carnosus, calycis tubo adnatus, margine
libero et petala staminaque ferente. Petala 5, subaequalia, sessilia,
valde imbricata, calyce magis longiora. Stamina 10, libera, fila-
mentis glabris filiformibus ; antherae uniformes, loculis longitudin-
aliter dehiscentibus. Ovarium stipitatum, oo-ovulatum; stylus
filiformis stigmate parvo terminale. Legumen oblongo-lineare,
magnum, plano-compressum, coriaceo-lignosum, vi elastica dehiscens.
Semina orbiculata, compressa, funiculo brevissimo crasso; albumen
0; cotyledones planae, camosulae. — Arbores inermes. Folia
abrupte pinnata, foliolis coriaceis. Stipulae parvae, caducae.
Flores rubri, in paniculas elongatas conferti. Bracteae et bracteolae
minutae, caducissimae.

Species 1, Africae tropicae occidentalis verisimiliter endemica.

Calyx-tube campanulate, regularly and very shortly dentate,
teeth 5, open in aestivation. Disc fleshy, adnate to the calyx-tube,
its margin free and bearing the petals and stamens. Petals 5,
subequcd, sessile, strongly imbricate, much longer than the calyx.
Stamens 10, free, with filiform filaments, glabrous ; anthers uniform,
with loculi dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary stipitate, oo-ovulate;
style filiform with a small terminal stigma. Legume oblong-linear,
large, flattened, coriaceous-woody, dehiscing elastically. Seeds
orbicular, compressed, with a very short broad funicle; endosperm 0;
cotyledons flat, fleshy.—Unarmed trees. Leaves abruptly pinnate;
leaflets coriaceous. Stipules small, caducous. Flowers red, borne
in elongated slender panicles. Bracts and bracteoles minute, very
early caducous.

Species 1, apparently endemic in West Tropical Africa.

Ghidlowia sanguinea Hoyle , sp. nov, A large or small tree,
wholly glabrous, with very rough bark ; branchlets terete, striate, at
first inconspicuously lenticellate. Stipules small, very early cadu¬
cous. Leaves paripinnate, up to 25 cm. or more long : petiole up to
2*5 cm. long, like the rhachis terete; leaflets 4-5-jugate, coriaceous,
more or less unequal-sided, the lowest ovate, the middle pairs oblong-
elliptic, the distal pair obovate-elliptic, 4-12 cm. long, 2-5 cm. broad,
apex more or less abruptly long-acuminate; acumen 1-1*5 cin . long,
acute, mucronulate; base very broadly to narrowly cuneate or
occasionally rounded, more or less oblique, the upper side larger;
main lateral nerves arcuately ascending, 5-7 on each side, raised on
both surfaces, ■with less conspicuous intermediate nerves and reticula¬
tion, upper surface shining with midrib strongly impressed, lower

101

surface dull witli midrib prominent, margin slightly revolute with
marginal nerve. Panicles pendulous, solitary or 2 together on the old
wood, or occasionally terminal on young branchlets, very slender,
up to 25 cm. or more long, rhachis angular in the upper part, terete
below, striate, 1-1-5 mm. in diameter, lateral branchlets of the pan¬
icle numerous (40 or more), exceedingly short, 2-5-4 mm - long,
5-7-flowered; bracts and bracteoles minute, very early caducous.
Flowers wine-red throughout, small; pedicels slender, 3-3*5 mm.
long; calyx campanulate, tube transversely rugulose, coriaceous,
2 mm. long, 3 mm. broad, with 5 very short, broadly rounded
slightly ciliolate teeth, open in aestivation; petals subequal, free,
sessile, imbricate, the abaxial petal outside in bud, 6-7 mm. long,
4-5 mm. broad, ovate- to oblong-elliptic, obtuse, coriaceous, margin
slightly scarious; disc thick, fleshy, adnate to the base of the calyx-
tube and about the same length, free for about half its length, the
petals arising below the margin, and the stamens from the margin ;
stamens 10, free, filaments filiform, from a broader base, about
25 mm. long; anthers dorsifixed, versatile, broadly oblong-
ellipsoid, 1*5 mm. long ; ovary stipitate, stipe 2*5 mm. long, arising
from the receptacle within the cupular disc, ovary itself 4-5 mm.
long, lanceolate, scarcely falcate, tapering into the filiform 20 mm. or
more long style, which broadens into a small capitate stigma;
style and stamens much crumpled in bud ; ovules 10-12. Legume
oblong-linear, acute at both ends, up to 45 cm. long and 5-5 cm.
broad, valves coriaceous-woody and very elastic, dehiscing along
both sutures and becoming spirally twisted, smooth shining dark
brown outside with oblique splits in the surface ; glabrescent inside
with oblique fibrous transverse septa ; sutures scarcely thickened,
seeds (immature ?) up to 9 or 10, suborbicular, 23 mm. long, 20 mm.
broad, 4 mm. thick, shining red-brown and finely pitted especially
towards the margin, abruptly contracted to the narrow eccentric
3-4 mm. long hilum; funicle very short and thick, 3 mm. long,
4*5 mm. broad.

West Tropical Africa. Gold Coast: Offin Headwaters,
Ashanti, Vigne 1056 (type in Kew Herb.); Juaso, Ashanti, Vigne
1796 ; Irvine 385. Sierra Leone ; Kennema, Aylmer 225 (S.L.F.H.
No. 558) ; York Pass, Lane Poole 102, 198, 447.

A small spreading tree 6-10 m. high in closed forest, or a medium
or tall tree up to 25 m., sometimes with bark " channelled, grooved,
knotted and gnarled,” and with wine red flowers in long pendulous
racemose panicles, and large woody pods. Said to be common at
York Pass, Sierra Leone, where it is a “ big tree.”

Vernacular names— Samantawa, Breni-Atawa (Ashanti).

The generic name Chidlowia is given in honour of the collector,
Mr. Chidlow Vigne, Silviculturist, Gold Coast Forest Service;
Mr. Vigne was the first to suggest that his specimens represented a
new genus.

102

\Kew Bulletin, 1932

Plate I

Chidlowia sanguined Hoyle—drawn from type specimen 1, branchlet
bear mg leaf, xO 7 2, older branchlet with inflorescences, xO-7 3, portion

of inflorescence-axis x 2 4, open flower, x 2 5, calyx, x 3*5 6, valve

of pod from VigneNa 1796, x 0-35 7, longitudinal section of flower x3 5

F To face i>aae 102

For the following description of the wood of this new genus I am
indebted to Mr. H. E. Desch, Imperial Forestry Institute, Wood
Structure Department.

Description of Wood. —Wood hard and moderately heavy,
with interlocked fibre producing ribbon grain on radial surface;
texture moderately coarse but even; dull grey-brown colour,
rather streaky in appearance ; vessel lines conspicuous as deep
scratches on longitudinal surfaces. Pores of medium size, indi¬
vidually distinct to the naked eye. Soft tissue (parenchyma)
abundant, (a) as borders to the vessels, distinct with lens on end
surface and prominent on longitudinal surfaces, (b) as wavy tan¬
gential bands. Rays fine, visible with lens on end surface ; tendency
to storeyed arrangement.

Material. —Imperial Forestry Institute No. 5749. (Vigne’s
number 1056).

Note. —This description is based on one small hand specimen
which appears to be from a young tree and may be entirely sapwood ,

XII.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF BURMA:

X.* C. E. C. Fischer.

Acacia brunnescens C. E. Parkinson, sp. nov. [Mimosaceae];
A. pseudo-Intsiae Miq. et A. pennatae Willd. affinis, ab ilia inflores-
centia glabra, ab hac foliolis majoribus, ab utraque inflorescentiis
inermibus recedit.

An extensive climber, the stems armed with prickles, the
branchlets unarmed, smooth and dark brown. Leaves 11-21 cm.
long, rhachis glabrous, furnished with a large oblong gland about
2*5 cm. above the base and with two glands at the top, one between
each of the two terminal pairs of pinnae. Pinnae 8-12 pairs,
9-10 cm. long, minutely brown-hairy along the channel above.
Leaflets 36-48 pairs along each pinna, glabrous, becoming brown in
(hying, oblong with a square base and rounded apex, the midrib
nearer the upper edge of the leaflet, 8-10 mm. long, 1*7-2 mm. wide
at the base and somewhat narrower at the top. Panicles terminal
and from the axils of the uppermost leaves, glabrous and unarmed ;
peduncles 1 to 3 together, 1*5-2 cm. long, glabrous; flower heads
claret-coloured in bud, yellow when open, 1*3 cm. in diameter. Calyx
2-2-5 mm. long, cleft half way down, the acute segments clothed with
short hairs in the upper part. Corolla 2-5-3 cm. long, deft about
one-fourth down, the lobes hairy at the tip. Stamens 0*5 cm. long.
Fruit not seen.

Lower Burma. Pegu Yoma, Insein District, Pyinmadaw,
flowers Dec., C. E . Parkinson (type) ; Tavoy, Eindayaza to Mintha
Sakan, flowers Nov., R. N. Parker 2191. Burmese name: Sooyit
(Pegu Yoma).

The leaves turn a characteristic brown in drying,

♦Continued from K.B. 1931, p. 29.

C03

Eugenia spissa Cratb [Myrtaceae].

Known from Siam.

S. Tenasserim, Htahpe Chaung, Ngawun Res, 300 ft., flowers
Jan., C. E. Parkinson 1614. “ A tree 30 ft. high ; flowers white.”

Chan name : Mai wa.

Viburnum cordifolium Wall. [Caprifoliaceae].

Known from the Himalayas, from Kumaon to Bhutan.
Myitkyina District, Hpimaw Pass, 11,000 ft., young fruit July,
Sukoe per C. E. Parkinson 10,078. “Shrub; stem soft, sub-
herbaceous ; fruit red.”

Viburnum shweliense W. W. Smith [Caprifoliaceae].

Reported from W. China.

Myitkyina District, Hpimaw Pass, above 11,000 ft., flowers
July, Sukoe per C. E. Parkinson 10,083. “ Middle-sized tree; calyx

red, corolla white.”

Lonicera Braceana Hemsl. [Caprifoliaceae],

Found in the Khasia Hills.

Myitkyina District, Hkamkawn, 3100 ft., flowers July, Sukoe
per C. E. Parkinson 10,026. “ Woody climber; stems and twigs

dark-grey ; flowers white, yellowish-purple outside.”

Lonicera Henryi Hemsl., forma [Caprifoliaceae].

Previously known from W. China.

Myitkyina District, Hpimaw Pass, 10,000 ft., flowers July,
Sukoe per C. E. Parkinson 10,088. ** Climber; flowers whitish.”

Lonicera purpurascens Hook . /. et Thoms., forma [Caprifoliaceae],
Known from Kashmir to Sikkim in the Himalayas.

Myitkyina District, Hpimaw Pass, 11,000 ft., flowers July,
Sukoe per C. E. Parkinson 10,072. “ Shrub; flowers whitish or

yellowish-white.”

Agapetes Bulleyana Diels [Vacciniaceae].

Hitherto known only from N. W. Yunnan.

Myitkyina District, Kangfang-Chimali Pass, 6200 ft., young
fruit May, Sukoe per C. E. Parkinson 9869. “ Epiphytic shrub.”

Vaccinium Delavayi Franch. [Vacciniaceae],

From Yunnan.

Myitkyina District, Chimali Pass, 10,000 ft., flowers May,
Sukoe per C. E. Parkinson 9908. “ Epiphytic shrub ; flowers white,

pinkish in bud.”

Vaccinium scopulorum W. W. Smith [Vacciniaceae].

Known from Yunnan.

Myitkyina District, Langyang, 3500 ft., young fruit April,
Sukoe per C.E. Parkinson 9183. u Epiphytic shrub; roots bulbous.”

104

Palaquium obovatum (Clarke) King et Gamble [Sapotaceae].

Known from the Malay Peninsula. It is included in Roger's
edition of Lace’s list without reference to any collected specimen,
but probably on the authority quoted below.

S. Tenasserim, Divisional Forest Officer, Coll. List 447, Imperial
Forest School Dehra Dun 4369. Burmese name: Pinlebyin
aywetgyi.

Diospyros Wallichii King et Gamble [Ebenaceae].

Reported in Siam and the Malay Peninsula.

Mergui, Tenasserim, Sindin, flowers March, Maung Po Khant per
C. E. Parkinson 11,331. Vernacular name : Tok-pin.

Styrax benzoides Craib [Styracaceae].

Known previously only from Siam.

Myitkyina District, Langyang—Htawpaw, 3200 ft., flowers
April, Sukoe per C. E. Parkinson 9180. “ Middle-sized tree ; stem
dark-grey ; blaze red ; flowers white, stamens yellow.”

Strophanthus perakensis Scortechini [Apocynaceae].

Found in the Malay Peninsula.

Victoria Point, Tha-tay-kyun, Tenasserim river banks, flowers
March, Maung Po Khant per C.E. Parkinson 11,377.

Pseuderanthemum angustifolium Ridl. [Acanthaceae].

Known from Siam.

Mergui, Maliwun, flowers Feb., R. N . Parker 3179. " Shrub
30-60 cm. high, on rocks in stream-bed; flowers bright mauve.”

Alseodaphne merguensis C. E. Parkinson , sp. nov. [Lauraceae];
ab A. grandi Nees foliis minoribus subtus brunneis haud glaucis,
inflorescentia pubescente haud glabra distinguenda.

A tall tree, branchlets with thin, brown, smooth bark; young
parts clothed with reddish-brown pubescence. Leaves 15-20 cm.
long, 6-8 cm. wide, obovate, narrowed down to the 1*2 cm. long
petiole, apex rounded or shortly acuminate, soon glabrous and
turning dark brown, lateral nerves 8-10 pairs, ascending and looping
with distinct transverse nerves and venation. Flowers yellowish,
umbellate on the short branches of a slender axillary panicle hardly
as long as the leaves; peduncles 7-10 cm. long; flower-buds
clavate, yellow-brown pubescent, pedicels 3 mm. long. Perianth
segments 6, the three outer smaller. Stamens 9, anthers 4-celled,
the outer 6 with introrse anthers, 3 inner with extrorse anthers.
Fruit ellipsoid-oblong, 4 cm. long, i*8 cm. in diameter, black when
ripe, the peduncle not swollen.

Lower Burma. South Tenasserim, Mergui District, Victoria
Point, Maung Po Khant per C. E. Parkinson 11,341 (type); Palauk,
Sukoe per C. E. Parkinson 11,035 ; Maliwun, Sukoe per C. E.
Parkinson 10984; Amherst District, Thaungyin Valley, Mepale,
Maung Tha Myaing 35 and 149. Burmese name: Kaswe. The
fruit was described from No. 11,035.

105

Glochidion nanogynum Hook. /. [Euphorbiaceae].

Reported from the Malay Peninsula.

Mergui, Maliwun, fruit Jan., R. N. Parker 3159. “ Small tree ;
capsule 6-seeded ; seeds red/’

Dendrocalamus Hamiltonii Nees et Am. [Gramineae].

Known from N. E. India. It is included in Lace’s List of trees
and shrubs of Burma, but without definite locality.

Myitkyina District, Wasaung, April, Sukoe per C. E. Parkinson
E 37. “ Stems in densely packed clusters.” Vernacular name:
Wabo.

XIII.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Professor W. A. Robyns. —We learn with pleasure that
Professor W. A. Robyns has been appointed Director of the Jardin
Botanique de l’Etat, Brussels, in succession to Professor E. De
Wildeman.

George Forrest. —We share the wide-spread regret caused by
the sad news of the death, from heart failure, of Mr. George Forrest,
which occurred on the 5th January at Tengyueh in Yunnan, western
China. He was still a comparatively young man—he was bom on
the 13th March, 1873—and, judging from his wonderful achievements
during the last thirty years, it is undoubted that he would have done
much further valuable work had his life been prolonged, but he has
lived long enough to establish a reputation which secures him a
prominent place in the front rank of botanical collectors, and his
name will be remembered for all time with gratitude and honour. It
is no exaggeration to apply to him the phrase, slightly modified,
used by Humboldt of Forrest’s illustrious countryman, Robert
Brown, collectorum botamcorum facile pnnceps.

Forrest was a native of Falkirk. In early manhood he spent
some time in Australia and South Africa, and it was not till he was
nearly thirty that he entered on the career in which he has so dis¬
tinguished himself. On the recommendation of the late Sir Isaac
Bayley Balfour he was engaged by Mr. A. K. Bulley, of Neston,
Cheshire, to collect plants and seeds in China, and made his first
expedition there in 1904-06. The expedition which has proved to be
his last was his seventh.

Forrest was fortunate in getting into districts of Yunnan and
eastern Tibet which were especially rich in interesting plants and
which were practically unexplored botanically. His collections
comprise about 30,000 numbers, and are remarkable for the excel¬
lence of the specimens and the admirable labels furnished with them.
It is a pleasure to see and deal with such material. Several new
genera, very numerous new species, and a host of interesting and
beautiful garden plants have become known to us through Forrest’s
labours. His collections which were received at the Royal Botanic

106

Garden, Edinburgh, have been the subject of numerous contributions
to the volumes of the Notes published by that establishment. An
almost complete set has been presented by Edinburgh to Kew.

Among the honours awarded to Forrest were the Victoria Medal
of Honour and the dedication of volume cxlviii of Curtis’s Botanical
Magazine, by the Royal Horticultural Society. A portrait of him,
with biographical note, appears in the recently published volume,
" Curtis's Botanical Magazine Dedications, 1827-1927,” _ by E.
Nelmes and W. Cuthbertson, and the same portrait is published in
the Gardener’s Chronicle of January 23, 1932. Forrest was elected
a Fellow of the Linnean Society in 1924.

The Hon. Vicary Gibbs. —By the death of Mr. Vicary Gibbs on
January 13th, Kew has lost an old and valued correspondent. For
nearly thirty years a constant interchange of plants, chiefly hardy
trees and shrubs, has been carried on between this establishment and
Aldenham, Besides being a cultivator in the first rank, Mr. Gibbs
was an ardent collector. For many years past he has paid an annual
visit to Kew, the last in November, 1931, to inspect the nurseries
and arrange exchanges, and it was interesting to see how keen he was
to obtain additional species for his collection irrespective of any
ornamental qualities they might possess. The result is that
Aldenham possesses a collection of trees and shrubs probably second
only in this country to that of Kew in extent. In the Ericaceae
Aldenham is weak, but only because of the unfavourable nature of
the soil; the harshness of the climate also makes impossible the
cultivation of many plants that give so much beauty and interest to
the gardens of Sussex and Hampshire, not to mention those farther
west. Mr. Gibbs took a rather grim pride in the fact that Aldenham
had achieved a frost during every month of the year.

Equalling his acquisitiveness as a collector was his love of order
and cleanliness. Aldenham has many rare plants but after a tour of
the garden one always felt that a weed was probably the rarest.
His love of pruning his trees, generally in a pyramidal shape, was
one of his best known characteristics. It became in the end some¬
thing of a j oke amongst his numerous friends. But although he may
have carried the process too far for the taste of most people, there £
no doubt that he has laid the foundation of many fine trees if they
are allowed to stand.

This is not the place to dwell on his triumphs in the horticultural
show tents, but we believe that the gold medals he has been awarded
number one hundred, not to mention silver cups and other trophies.
His exhibits of vegetables have never been surpassed. Although his
chief interest no doubt was in trees and shrubs, his greenhouses
sheltered fine collections of Streptocarpus, Cape Pelargonium and
other things. Whatever has been grown at Aldenham has been
grown well. The gardening world has lost a great and in many
respects unique personality.

The International Association of Wood Anatomists. —We
note with interest that, as the outcome of unofficial meetings at the
Cambridge University Forestry School, during the 5 th International
Botanical Congress, to discuss the formation of an International
Association of Wood Anatomists, a committee was appointed to
draw up a constitution for an ‘ Association' and report to the
“ Congr&s International du Bois et de la Sylviculture ” held at Paris
in 1931.

A constitution was duly adopted at this Congress with the
following objects : (a) to interchange ideas and information through
correspondence and meetings, ( b ) to facilitate the collection and
exchange of material, (c) to work towards standard terminology and
descriptions, ( d ) to stimulate the publication of scientific articles
and abstracts, and (e) to encourage and assist the study and teaching
of wood anatomy. Further particulars of the organisation are given
in " Tropical Woods ” No. 27, pp. 20-23.

Septoria Cotyledonis. —Elsenburg, the locality for this fungus
in South Africa given in K.B. 1931, 203, was stated to be in Natal
instead of in Cape Province, owing to a misreading of the list
accompanying the collection.

Botanical Magazine.— The second part of Vol. civ. of the
Botanical Magazine was published on February 1st and contains the
following plant portraits :—

Cycnoches Egertonianum Bateman (t. 9260), from Central
America, the plant figured is a male specimen and C. Rossianum
Rolfe is considered to be the female form and is therefore made
conspecific with C. Egertonianum ; Watsonia Wordsworthiana
Matthews & L. Bolus (t. 9261), a beautiful pink-flowered species
from the Tulbagh Division, Cape Province, S. Africa; Schizo-
phragma viburnoides Stapf (t. 9262), from southern and south¬
eastern China and Formosa—this is a new combination, the plant
having been originally placed in the genus Pileostegia by Hooker
& Thomson; lOwdodendron sanguineum Franch. (t. 9263), a low
shrub found in north-western Yunnan between 3300 and 4200 m.;
Ceanothus Fendleri A. Gray (t. 9264), a low shrub of the eastern Rocky
Mountains from Arizona to South Dakota; Selago serrata Bergius
(t. 9265), an interesting member of the genus from the south-western
comer of the Cape Province, South Africa, which was originally
introduced by Masson in 1774; Primula Dubemardiana Forrest
(t. 9266), discovered by Forrest in 1904 on the eastern flank of the
Mekong-Salween divide, south-western China; Raffenaldia primu-
loides Godron *(t. 9267), an interesting Crucifer from North Africa;
Erodium Mouretii Pitard (t. 9268), a native of western Morocco;
Fremontia mexicana Macbride (t. 9269), found in Mexico and Lower

108

California, and Phlomis italica Linn. (t. 9270), which is a native of the
Balearic Isles and is not found in Italy.

Mesembryanthema.*—This is a most unusual form of book
dealing only with the stemless or almost stemless plants which until
a few years ago were all included in the genus Mesembryanthemum.
The information relating to these interesting South African succu¬
lents is printed in English, German and Dutch, which makes the
volume somewhat bulky. The book is mainly the work of Mr. N. E.
Brown, whose first acquaintance with the group began as long ago as
1865, when he saw a collection of over 300 species at Reigate, some
of the plants or descendants of them having formed part of the
celebrated Haworth’s own collection.

Since 1925, when Mr. Brown first published in the Gardeners*
Chronicle his key to the segregated genera, a great amount of work
has been done, not only by himself, but by botanists in South Africa
and in Europe, where the fancy for these weird and interesting plants
has developed much more rapidly than in England. Naturally
there has arisen considerable difference of opinion as to the amount
of generic “ splitting ” desirable and in regard to the interpretation
of the older species with new or living material, many of them being
represented by ill-preserved herbarium specimens or known only
from figures. This is particularly noticeable in the case of some
species; for example the Mesembryanthemum edentulmn of Haworth
has been described in the course of the last few years as M. afiicu-
latum Kensit, M. binum N. E. Br., Echinus apiculaius L. Bolus,
Braunsia bina Schwantes, and now in this book it is Braunsia
edentula N. E. Br. Again, the M. canum of Haworth has been
called M. Tugwelliae L. Bolus, Juttadinteria Tugwelliae Schwantes,
Hereroa Tugwelliae L. Bolus, Bolusanthemum Tugwelliae Schwantes,
and now Mr. Brown says it has to be Bijlia cana N. E. Br. The lay
botanist will be apt to enquire whether about 25 to 30 genera instead
of about 100 would not have been sufficient to accommodate the
species which, until a few years ago, were all included in one genus.

The book is profusely illustrated by photographs, a few of the
species in their natural habitat in South Africa being shown by
photographs taken by Dr. I. B. Pole Evans. The remainder are
mainly photographs of cultivated plants in this country or on the
Continent and do not therefore necessarily show the plants as they
are found in the arid South African Karoo and in Namaqualand;
there are also two coloured plates by Mr. N. E. Brown. One of the
most minute species is Conophytum Comptonii, shown on page 145,
fig. 44, D ; this plant in its natural habitat on the top of the escarp¬
ment near the Van Rhyns Pass, Calvinia Division, almost defies

"'Mesembryanthema, by N. E. Brown, A.L.S., Dr. A. Tischer and M. C.
Karsten, edited by E. J. Labarre, pp. 323. L. Reeve & Co., Ltd,, Bank
Street, Ashford, Kent, England (1931). Price 365. (in Germany R.M. 37:
in Holland 22 gulden).

detection. A mistake has been made in stating that this species
comes from the Malmesbury Division.

Three authors have been responsible for the book. Mr. Brown
has supplied practically all the descriptions, Dr. Tischer has trans¬
lated these into German and contributed a chapter on cultivation
and diseases, while Miss Karsten translated the English and German
text into Dutch and the Dutch and German into English and has also
compiled a chapter on " General Ecology/' mainly from the writings
of Dr. Marloth and others with actual experience of the group in the
veld.

The book is primarily intended for the cultivator or “ fancier ”
of these wonderful South African succulents. The genera are not
defined and there are no keys, but the excellent photographs will
very often be sufficient to determine many of the species in cultiva¬
tion without much reference to the descriptions, some of which are
relatively very short. j. h.

British Marine Algae.* —A copy of the new " Handbook of
British Seaweeds ” prepared by Dr. L. Newton, Professor of Botany
at University College, Aberystwyth, has been received from the
Trustees of the British Museum. The appearance of this work has
been awaited with interest as it is 81 years since the great classic,
Harvey's “ Phycologia Britannica,” still the stand-by of many British
algologists, was published.

The volume opens with an introductory chapter containing an
account of the main groups of marine algae with paragraphs on their
distribution, their ecology and economic uses, and also on their
collection and preservation. In the body of the work the main
groups are dealt with in the following sequence:—Myxophyceae,
Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae, Rhodophyceae, and the arrangements
of the orders and families is, as a whole, that of the “ Catalogue ”
published by Batters in 1902. Keys to genera, some of which
appear to be original, are provided at the commencement of the
groups, and useful keys are also given to the species. The descrip¬
tions of both genera and species are short, but they are accompanied
by copious and most serviceable illustrations. Some of the latter
are by the author, but most are the work of the late Mr. Percy
Highley, the well-known artist at the British Museum.

The author had an onerous task which has been carried out under
circumstances of difficulty and the publication of the volume forms
a landmark in the history of British Algology. For the greater
number of species the author is on safe ground and her work has been
well done. There remain many doubtful species and several
notoriously difficult genera which have long been an obstacle in the
way of the publication of a Flora. No doubt Prof. Newton is fully

♦Handbook of the British Seaweeds, by Lily Newton, Ph.D., F.L.S.
The Trustees of the British Museum, Loudon, 1931 . Pp. xiii. 478 and 270
figures. Price 15 s.

IIO

conscious that in these cases much revision will be necessary as the
result of further research. This is not the place to enter into detailed
scrutiny. One serious defect, which it appears was due to a
misunderstanding, must, however, be noted, namely that though
the work is intended to be a complete Flora, only a very small
proportion of the species added to the British list since 1902 has been
incorporated. This neglect of recent work involves the omission of
eight genera, including the well-known Colpomenia and over 30
species.

Biographical Index of British and Irish Botanists.*—

Britten and Boulger’s Index has long been recognised as an exceed¬
ingly useful work of reference for biographical details of deceased
botanists of British and Irish nationality. It originally appeared by
instalments in the Journal of Botany for the years 1888-1891, and so
much supplementary information was subsequently received that
the Index, continued to the end of the year 1892, was published as a
separate work of 188 pages in 1893. Three Supplements, issued in
1899, 1905, and 1908 respectively, carried the work to the end of
1907, and this second, much enlarged edition, revised by Dr. A. B.
Rendle, carries it to the beginning of 1928.

The information supplied includes the dates of birth and death
of the botanist concerned, and an indication of his occupation,
degrees, and titles, offices held, and published botanical work. The
present whereabouts of any correspondence or manuscripts and the
existence of any herbarium or of plants collected are also given, and
the chief sources of further information are cited.

In a work of this comprehensive nature there are bound to be
numerous omissions and inaccuracies, and Dr. Rendle asks that he
may be notified of any that are detected. Since it is stated in the
Preface that, in including names, “ generosity has been shown to
those who have contributed to local botany," certain additional
names may be suggested such as Henry Clarke, 1858-1920, who
published many new county records for Cardigan (Rep. Bot. Soc. &
Exch. Club Brit. Isles, 1920, 101: 1921), and A. S. Montgomery,
1844-1922, whose herbarium is preserved in the Museum FreeLibrary,
Cheltenham (l.c. 1922, 707 : 1923). Botanists should be grateful to
Dr. Rendle, and to Mr. John Ardagh, whose assistance is specially
acknowledged in the preface, for bringing this very useful work up
to date.

Royal Horticultural Society Honours to Kewites. —Under
this heading in K.B. 1932, 43, five lines from the bottom of the
page, " Messrs. Sutton & Sons, St. Albans " should read “ Messrs.
Sanders, St. Albans."

*A Biographical Index of deceased British and Irish Botanists, compiled
by James Britten and George S. Bottlger. Second edition, revised and
completed by A. B. Rendle. London: Taylor and Francis, 1981 , 8vo.,
pp. xxii + 342 . Pricel 5 s.net.

Ill

The late Mr. Ledger’s collection of succulent plants.—
Mr. Walter E. Ledger, who died on December nth, 1931, was a
constant correspondent of Kew and frequently visited the Gardens,
where he was a very familiar figure, as he almost always was dressed
as a sailor. His particular interest was the genus Ceropegia , but he
was also a keen cultivator of Orchids, Haemanthus, Crinums, and
other plants both tender and hardy, and had got together an unique
collection of Ceropegias at his home at Wilton Grove, Wimbledon.
His executors have very kindly presented the whole of his living
collection of tender plants to Kew, as well as his dried collection of
Ceropegias with his notes and drawings. The living plants, some
300 in number, the majority being Ceropegias and bulbous plants,
have now been received and form a very valuable addition to the
Kew collections.

Mr. Ledger’s interest in plants dates back some forty years and
it was rather from their peculiarities or scientific interest than from
their beauty that he was drawn to collect and study certain groups.

Mr. C. H. Wright, who knew Mr. Ledger intimately, has
kindly sent the following note about his botanical activities:
“ Although interested in cultivated plants generally Mr. Ledger
devoted himself specially to Asclepiadaceae and Amaryllidaceae,
many species of which he grew at his home at Wimbledon. His
favourite genus was Ceropegia, of which, with the assistance of various
correspondents in South Africa, he got together a fine collection of
species. As soon as a plant new to him flowered he brought a
specimen to Kew not only to have it named or the name confirmed,
but also to learn as much as possible about it, for he was not content
with superficial knowledge. It is much to be regretted that, with
his great knowledge and keen observation of the plants he was
specially interested in, he published so little.

" Mr. Ledger was extremely fond of the sea and used to spend
his summers in cruising around the British Isles in his yacht ‘ The
Shrimp ’ and in visiting cottage gardens where (as he told the writer)
he often found uncommon plants growing which had been brought
to England by sailors. In his early years Mr. Ledger travelled in
South America.”

Mr. T. W. Taylor. —We record with very deep regret, as this
goes to press, the death, on March 4th, of the Curator, Mr. T. W.
Taylor.

Printed jmder the authority of His Majesty’s Stationery Office
By The South Eaaex Recorder*, Ltd., High Road, Ilford.

(12) Wt, 115/29 960
112

4/62 SJK.R. Ltd. Gp. *.

BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS
INFORMATION No. 3 1932

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

XIV.—SOME INDIAN RHODOPHYCEAE, ESPECIALLY
FROM THE SHORES OF THE PRESIDENCY OF BOMBAY.
II.* F. Boergesen.

Erythrotrichia carnea J. Ag., Till Algemes Systematik vi.
1883, 15; Rosenvinge, Mar. Alg. Denm., part i. 1909, 67, fig. 8.—
Conferva carnea Dillwyn, Brit. Confervae, 1809, pi. 84 .—Conferva
ceramicola Lyngb., Hydrophyt. Dan. 1819, 144, pi. 48 D. Erythro¬
trichia ceramicola Aresch., Phyc. Scand., 1850, 210; Berthold, Bang.
Golf. Neapel, 25.

This species was found as an epiphyte upon the lower stems of
Chondria cornuta sp. nov. and on Haloplegma Duferreyi cast ashore at
Okha Port. The Indian specimens, which were fructiferous, agree
well with the descriptions of Berthold and of Rosenvinge. The
filaments are about 14-22 {1 thick.

India : Okha Port; Santa Cruz, near Bombay.

Distr. Atlantic Ocean, Mediterranean Sea, Malayan Archipelago,
Pacific coast of America.

{ 25^) * Acrochaetium erectum Boergs. Three plants with monosporangia

113

♦Continued from K.B. 1931, p. 24.

Acrochaetium erectum Boergs ., sp. nov.; A. Dufourii Collins
proximum, quod tamen filamentis erectis pluribus, thallo magis
racemoso, cellulis brevioribus, sporangiis brevioribus et crassioribus
praecipue distinguitur.

Thallus usque ad 400-500 p altus e cellula basali oritur
filum emittente erectum plus minus ramosum e cellulis cylindricis
5 (x latis et 12 p longis compositum. Rami sparsi aut secundati,
rarissime oppositi. Chromatophorum parietale, pyrenoide laterali
instructum. Sporangia sessilia aut pedicellata, ellipsoideo-sub-
cylindrica, 10 p longa, 5 p lata.

India. Dwarka, upon Agardhiella robusta, Boergesen 5431
(type).

The basal cell (Fig. 1) is partially immersed in the thick cuticle
of the host and is usually a little longer than broad, namely 8-9 p
long and 5-6 p broad. I have always found only a single erect stem
from the spore. In most cases this erect stem is not ramified below
and many of the specimens consist only of the short main filament
from which a few sporangia or quite short branches are given off.
The ramification is alternate or secund : I have only once seen two
pedicels with sporangia given off oppositely from the same cell.
The sporangia are sessile or pedicellate, oblong-cylindrical, 4-5 p
broad, 10-11 p long.

Of the many small species of Acrochaetium with a single basal cell,
our plant is especially reminiscent of A . Dufourii Collins growing on
Sargassum (Rhodora, vol. xiii, 1911, 187; compare Hamel, in
Revue Algolog., 1926, m, fig. 18), but this is a more branched plant
with several erect filaments of shorter cells, and with shorter and
thicker sporangia.

Acrochaetium dwarkense Boergs ., sp. nov.; A . macropodi Kylin
verisimiliter proximum, quod tamen praeter alia ramis saepe
altemantibus, chromatophoro stellato, sporangiis sessilibus (rarissime
pedicellatis), pilis praesentibus a nostra specie distinguitur.

Thallus epiphyticus, ad 500 p altus, e cellula basali globosa
9-10 p lata et fills erectis (i-pluribus) compositus. Fila erecta
opposite ramosa, in superiore parte ramorum plus minus unilater-
aliter ramosa, e cellulis in mferiore parte 6-7 p latis 10-13 M* longis,
in superiore 3-4 p latis sistentia. Chromatophorum parietale,
lobatum, pyrenoide minore laterali munitum. Monosporangia
ovato-globosa, pedicellata aut sessilia, 5 p lata, 6-7 p longa.

India : Dwarka, on old specimen of Dictyotaceae.

From the basal globular cell, the wall of which is about 1-1*5
thick, several (usually 2-4) erect filaments issue (Fig. 2b). Near the
base, the cells are about 6-7 p broad and 10-13 long, tapering
upwards to about 3-4 p. The filaments are very much branched
from the base and upwards. The ramification is in most cases
opposite and a pair of branchlets are given out from almost every cell
in the main filaments, but occasionally a single branch only is
developed, and in the upper part of the filaments the ramification has

114

Fig 2 Acrachaetium Dwarkense Boergs a, a young plant, b, plant
with monosporangia , c, part of a plant (a, b, X300, c, X 165 )

a tendency to become unilateral (Fig. 2c). The uppermost slender
parts of the filaments are unbranched.

The chromatophore is a thick, parietal, irregularly lobed plate
with a slightly protruding pyrenoid.

The sporangia are oblong-globular, about 6-7 p long and 5 p
broad. They are either sessile or pedicellate, the latter being the
more frequent. The pedicels are nearly the same length as the
sporangia.

Acrochaetium sargassicola Boergs., sp. nov.; A. ajfini Howe
et Hoyt proximum, quod tamen disco basali magis evoluto,
antheridiis alio modo formatis praecipue differt.

Thallus usque ad 2 mm. altus. Celhda basalts major, oblongo-
subcylindrica, parte basali in textura hospitis immersa; e parte
superiore, haud immersa, fila erecta nascuntur. Fila erecta a basi
ramosa, apicem versus sensim paullum attenuata, in parte basali
8-13 p lata, supeme 5 p lata. Cellulae cylindricae, inferiores
18-25 P longae, superiores ad 50 p longae, chromatophorum parietale
pyrenoide laterali instructum complectentes. Ramificatio uberrima,
ramis sparsis, in superiore parte plus minus secundatis. Sporangia
sessilia aut pedicellata, subcylindrico-ellipsoidea, 16-19 P longa,
11 p lata. Antheridia et carpogonia in ramulis brevibus plerumque
secundatim ortis nascuntur.

India : Bombay, growing socially upon Sargassum sp.,
Boergesen 5005 (type).

The plant (Fig. 3) reaches a height of more than two mm. The
basal cell (Fig. 4a) is oblong-subcylindrical, often a little narrowed
in the middle. The lowermost part is embedded in the tissue of the
host. It has a length of about 26-28 jx and a breadth of 12-15 (x and
has thick walls. In rare cases an accessory cell is developed close to
the original basal cell (Fig. 5a). The erect filaments are from
8-13 [x broad with cells 18-25 (•*• long- Higher up, the filaments taper
gradually and the cells are longer, about 8 (x broad and 50 [x long.
The tips of the filaments are about 5 fx and the apical cells are rounded.

The plant is much branched above, and the branches are given off
irregularly on all sides, though with a tendency to be unilateral.
As far as can be seen from dried material (my material in spirit had
dried), the chromatophore is parietal with a large protruding
pyrenoid. The sporangia are ellipsoidal in shape; though generally
sessile or pedicellate, some are terminal at the ends of the filaments.
The sporangia are about 11 fx thick and 16-19 l° n g- The antheridia
(Fig. 4d) are developed on short unilateral or rarely opposite

116

Fig. 4. Acrochaetiwn sargassicolum Boergs. a, base of plant; b, c,
branches with monosporangia ; d, branch with anthendia. (a, b, c, X 300 ;
d, X250).

branchlets. The main filaments of the branchlets are about 50 (x
long and composed of 5-6 short cells. The ramuli with antheridia
are produced on the upper side of these cells (Fig. 5c). Very few
carpogonia were seen and these were in most cases in rather poor
condition. They occur in the branchlets close to the antheridia
and have the usual lageniform shape (Fig. 5c). Monosporangia
occur on the same plant and even on the same branch as the sexual
organs (see Fig. 5b, showing branchlets with sporangia and antheridia
alternating).

Fig. 5. Acrochaetium sargassicolum Boergs. a, base of plant showing
beginning of a disc (x 250). b, branch with monosporangia and antheridia
alternating (x 350); c, brancblet with a carpogonium and antheridia (x 600).

Acrochaetium sargassicola comes near to the three related species,
A. affine Howe et Hoyt, A. robustum Boergs. and A. Hoytii Collins,
A thorough comparison of their relationship has been made by Howe
and Hoyt (see Memoirs New York Bot. Gardens, 1916,118). Besides

117

differences in size, etc , A. robustum has a small disc, which is also
more or less developed in A affine, but is not present in A. Hoytii

Acrochaetium subseriatum Boergs., sp. nov.; A.seriato Boergs.
proximum, quod tamen thallo robustiore et cellulis brevioribus a
specie nostra distinguitnr.

Thallus caespitosus, usque ad i mm. altus, e filamentis brevibus
irregulariter ramosis in thallo hospitis repentibus surgens et e
filamentis erectis ramosis compositus. Fila erecta in basi plus minus
quoquoversum, in superiore parte unilateraliter ramosa, e cellulis
cylindricis infeme 27 \x longis, 5-8 p latis, medio 35 p longis,
4-6 p latis, composita, chromatophorum parietale, pyrenoide
laterali instructum. Sporangia oblongo-ovata, 11-12 p longa et
6-7 p lata, sessilia aut raro pedicellata, ad basin ramomm seriatim
orta.

India : Tuticorin, in Chondna sp. epiphytica, Boergesen 5710
(type).

This plant (Fig. 6) is found upon Chondna armata Okam. var.
plumans (described in this paper). It forms dense, very branched
tufts, about 1 mm. high. The base consists of short, irregularly
ramified, creeping filaments composed of short cells (Fig. 6b). These
filaments are probably partly immersed in the cuticle of the host

Fig. 6. Acrochaetium subseriatum Boergs. a, upper part of the thallus
with sporangia (x 150). b, basal part of a plant (x 350).

Ilfi

(without being endophytic), but on account of the scarcity of
material this could not be proved. From the basal filaments several
erect filaments arise. These consist, in the lower part, of cells about
4-5 times as long as broad, and, in the middle, of cells about 6-8 times
as long as broad, which taper a little towards the apex. The upper ends
are obtuse and hairs are not present. The filaments are less branched
in the lower part than higher up; the branches are given out on all
sides, but in the upper parts they have a tendency to be unilateral
(Fig. 6a). The cells contain a parietal lobed chromatophore with a
large, much protruding pyrenoid in the middle (Fig. 7). The
sporangia are seriately placed along the upper side of the branches
(Fig. 6a). They are as a rule sessile, but now and then a sporangium
is pedicellate, and two-celled branchlets with a sporangium from each
cell are also rarely present. The sporangia are oblong-obovate,
about 11-12 ji. long and 7-8 [x broad.

Fig. 7. Acrockaetium subsenatum Boergs. Part of the thallus with
sporangia (x 600).

The plant is certainly nearly related to the West Indian A.
seriatim, but it is easily recognised by its slender form and especially
by its relatively much longer cells and less marked pectinate
appearance.

Grateloupia indica Boergs., sp. nov.; G. undulatae J, Ag.
proxima videtur, quae tamen praeter alia thallo solidiore, colore
obscuriore, perforationibus nullis a specie nostra distinguitur.

ThaUus plus minus caespitosus disco parvo adfigitur, unde frons
tenax, muscosa, mox dilatata, oblongo-linearis et irregulariter
divisa exsurgit. Thallus usque 1 m. altus, colore rubro-purpureus,
in thalli adultiore feminei forminibus numerosissimis minimis

distinctus, margine irregulariter sinuoso et undulato, hie illic
prolificationibus instructns. Tetrasporangia cruciatim divisa per
totam superficiem thalli dispersa. Cystocarpia sparsim in thallo
immersa.

India : Okha Port, cast ashore, Boergesen 5490 (type).

From a small basal disc a short compressed cuneate stipe is given
off which soon broadens into the flat oblong-linear thallus which then
extensively divides (Plate II). It is of a very tough consistency and
in the living condition is very mucilaginous and slippery. The colour
of the dried specimens is dark purple-red with a violet tinge in the
older parts of the thallus, becoming paler upwards. The thallus can
reach considerable dimensions. I have seen specimens more than 1
metre long, though the largest specimen brought home was only
50 cm. The thallus soon divides into a number of lobes of various
sizes and shapes. The margin is irregularly sinuate and waved. In
the older parts of the female thallus a great number of small holes are
gradually formed, up to 1-2 mm. broad, which probably originate
from emptied cystocarps. In the dried female specimens, where the
thallus is very perforated, numerous small spathulate proliferations
are given off from the margin.

A transverse section shows that the thallus consists of a peripheral
layer composed of densely packed short cells which are the terminal
cells of short branch-systems. From the innermost larger cells,
irregularly- (often stellately-) divided, filaments are given off, running
through the mucilaginous interior. The cruciately-divided tetra¬
sporangia scattered in the thallus are formed in the cortical layer.

The cystocarps are dispersed throughout the thallus. After the
fertilization of the auxiliary cells these divide into two and from the
uppermost cell the gonimoblast filaments are formed from which the
carpospores originate. The gonimoblast is surrounded by convex
filaments forming an urceolate cavity with an ostiole above. The
building up of the cystocarp appears to agree well with Kylin's
description of G. filicina, except that the latter has several gonimo-
lobes (see Lunds Universitets Arsskrift, N.F., Avd. 2, Bd. xxvi.
19-21, 1930).

This species is related to the West Indian G. undulata. The
latter has a somewhat smaller, thicker and firmer thallus, which is of
a darker and, when dried, more brownish violet, colour. Further,
the thallus is less waved along the margin, marginal proliferations
are more commonly given off, and the perforations which occur in
this new species have not been observed.

Halymenia porphyroides * Boergs nom. nov.—Syn.
? CaLlymenia Harueyana J. Ag. in Syst. Alg. hod. advers. 1844, 40 ;
Spec. Alg. ii. 288; non Halymenia Harueyana J. Ag., Anal, algolog.,
1892, 55. _

♦The name is in allusion to Porphyra miniata, which species it strongly
recalls, the colour only being a little darker.

120

Frons plana, tenuis, gelatinoso-membranacea, e stipite brevi
cuneato mox valde expansa, in statu juvenili orbicularis, indivisa,
basi cordata, mox valde dilatata, usque ad 41 cm. lata et 48 cm.
longa, plus minus lobata, undulata, margine vage sinuoso continuo,
colore roseo-rubro. Tetrasporangia cruciatim divisa, in cellulis
corticalibus formata. Cystocarpia sparsa, thallo immersa.

The specimens were found in the sublittoral region in an exposed
locality with tetrasporangia and cystocarps in January.

Fig. 8. Halymema porphyroides Boergs Transverse section of the
thallus (x 150)

India: Dwarka; Okha Port (cast ashore). Karachi, J. A.
Murray (Herb. Kew.).

Distr. Cape.

The relationship of this plant with earlier described species has
given me much trouble, especially as in most cases I had not access
to original specimens. I am strongly inclined to believe that my
plant is the same as Callymenia Harueyana J. Ag. from the Cape and
wrongly placed in that genus. The Indian plant is a member of the
Grateloupiaceae and referable to the genus Halymema. but since the
name H. Harvey ana is already occupied, Agardh’s specific epithet
cannot be maintained.

The plant is fastened to rocks and stones by means of a small disc
from which a very short stipe changes into the leaf-like lamina
(Plate III). In a young, complete specimen the stipe is about £ cm.
long and the base of the thallus broadly cordate. The thallus is
tough and elastic with roundish, sinuate and waved edges and
becomes gradually more or less lobed. The colour is fine rosy-red.
The thallus may reach large dimensions: for instance, a specimen
preserved in the Kew Herbarium is 48 cm. long and 41 cm. broad.

A transverse section (Fig. 8) shows that the peripheral layer on
both sides of the thallus is composed of short cell-rows several times
divided, the innermost cells in these being the larger. In the
mucilaginous interior of the thallus numerous transversely placed
vigorous filaments are found, connecting the cortical layers on both
sides. And crossing in all directions between these filaments are

121

thinner ones, taking their origin from stellately divided cells, found
in great numbers below the cortical layers.

The tetrasporangia, which occur scattered in the cortical layer,
are cruciately divided, and measure about 16 p by 24 p broad.

The cystocarps (Fig. 9) are likewise found scattered in the interior
of the thallus. From the auxiliary cell a single cluster of carpospores
is formed. The surrounding filaments unite in forming a rather
loose-walled, urceolate cavity and the ripe carpospores escape
through a small ostiole in the cortical layer.

Fig. 9. Halymema pOYphyroides Boergs. Section through thallus showing
cystocarp (x 150).

Halymenia polydactyla Boergs., sp. nov.; H. Agardhii De
Toni proxima, sed nostra species thallo robustiore tenaciore colore
obscuriore, stricturarum absentia distincta est.

Thallus 27 cm. altus et ultra (?), disco basali substrato adfixus,
supra stipitem cuneatim expansus, mox repetite dichotome divisus,
segmentibus teretibus tubulosis circiter 5-7 mm. latis fastigiatis
apicibus obtusis. Tetrasporangia in strato corticali immersa,
sparsa, cruciatim divisa, subgloboso-oblonga, 19-24 (x lata et
20-27 {* longa. Cystocarpia ignota.

Fig. 10. Halymema polydactvla Boergs. Part of transverse section of the
thallus (x 150).

India : Okha Port, Boergesen 5521 (type); Dwarka; Karachi,
Sept. 1881, J. A. Murray ; Manora, Miss L. Here (Herb. Kew.).

Distr. India, Jedan Isles.

The largest specimen gathered of this handsome plant reaches a
height of 27 cm. (Plate IV). The base, present in this specimen
only, consists of a small roundish disc about 4 mm. broad, from which

L Kew Bulletin, 1932

Pl\te IV

Halymema polydactyJa Boergs, sp nov

[To face page 122 .

the short, vigorous, compressed, cuneate stem arises. The stem is
2 cm. high, when the first division takes place. The thallus is
repeatedly forked, fastigiate but with some tendency to become
flabellate. The segments are terete or a little compressed below,
tubulose, about 5-7 mm. thick in material preserved in spirit and
made turgescent in water, up to 9 mm. in dried specimens. Just
below the forks the thallus reaches a breadth of up to 15 mm.
In the basal part the distance between the forks is often less than
2 cm., higher up in the thallus about 5 cm. The upper ends of
the segments are blunt. The colour is dark purple red in the lower
parts, becoming lighter red upwards. The consistency is very
tough.

A transverse section (Fig. 10) shows that the wall is composed of
small thick-walled cells. Seen from above these cells are roundish-
polygonal with a diameter of about 5-9 p. The cells underneath are
larger and pass over into stellate cells. Near the periphery these
cells are rather short-rayed; towards the interior the rays are
lengthened more and more, forming a very loose tissue in the
mucilaginous interior of the tubes. The breadth of these filaments
varies from 4 to 20 p, and the length of the cells of which the filaments
are composed is about 130 p. Here and there gland-cells issuing
from the stellate cells are present.

Only tetrasporic plants were found. The tetraspores occur in
the epidermal tissue and are of rather variable size and shape,
roundish to oblong.

The Indian plant is certainly nearly related to Halymenia
Agardhii De Toni. I have had two specimens of this to compare
with mine, one from Florida (comm. Dr. M. A. Howe) and Crouan's
specimens named Chrysymenia dichotomo-flabellata in Maz6 et
Schramm's Algues de la Guadeloupe. The Indian plant differs from
these in its much more robust and generally larger and tougher
thallus. Its colour furthermore is a much darker red than the
•fleshy-rose colour of the two specimens referred to. Moreover no
constrictions are present in the Indian plant, and it seems also to be
more regularly divided. When the difference in geographical
distribution is added to these considerations it seems most natural
to regard the plant from the East as a separate one from that of the
Atlantic.

Mme. Weber van Bosse to whom I sent a photograph of the speci¬
men figured on PI. Ill kindly informed me that the Indian plant is
very similar to her Halymenia Aghardhii (List of Siboga-Algae,
p. 237) if not identical with it.

In his leones of Japanese Algae Okamura has just described
(vol. vi, p. 21, pi. 266) a Halymenia which he refers, though with
great reservation, to H. Agardhii De Toni. On sen ding a photo of
my plant to Prof. Okamura, he kindly replied: ' ‘ The only difference
which comes to my notice is the roundness of the axils in yours,
while in ours it is acute and very narrow." Professor Okamura was

123

also kind enough to send me half of one of his few specimens. After
comparing the Japanese plant with the Indian one I am inclined to
consider the two plants distinct. Besides the character pointed out
by Okamura, his specimen differs also in its smaller thallus, lighter
colour and its seemingly softer consistency, reminding one of
Halymema Agardhh.

Halymenia venusta Boergs., sp. nov.; H. Harveyanae J. Ag.
proxima ; differt thallo firmiore et crassiore, colore rubro obscuriore,
prolificationibus magis copiosis plerumque ex utraque thalli superficie
nascentibus.

Fig. 11 Halymema venusta Boergs Section through thallus showing
cystocarp (x 165)

Thallus 30 cm. altus et ultra, plano-compressus, tenax et lubricus,
colore ruber, stipitatus, disco parvo basali adfixus, basi in stipitem
perbrevem cuneatim decurrens. Lamina plus minus divisa, laciniis
aut latioribus aut angustioribus, prolificationibus numerosis
irregulariter divisis pinnatis, pinnulis acutis e margine thalli saepe
etiam ex utraque superficie thalli ortis. Cystocarpia et tetrasporangia
in thallo dispersa.

India : Dwarka, exposed coast in low-lying rock pools near low
water mark, Boergesen 5442 (type).

The thallus is fastened to the substratum by means of a small
disc. From this the short, cuneate stipe, about | cm. long, changes
abruptly into the rapidly broadened flat thallus. This is of very
variable shape, sometimes hardly divided, forming large, flat fronds
up to 20 cm. broad, occasionally divided into several lobes. The
entire margin is densely proliferous, and in most of the specimens the
surface also is proliferous (Plate IV.) The proliferations vary
much in size, being usually quite small or having a length of several
centimetres, and are usually repeatedly divided. Their main stems
are rarely more than £ cm. broad, generally less, and the apices of the
pinnules are sharply acute. Their growth is of the fountain type
(Springbrunnentypus ). The divisions of the thallus are broadly
rounded below, and likewise the proliferations and pinnules. The

124

thallus is very tough, about 500 [x thick, and slimy, adhering strongly
to paper. At the periphery it is composed of a cortical layer formed
by short, forked cell-rows. The peripheral cells are oblong, densely
packed and about 5-7 (j, broad and 10 p long. The whole cortical
layer is about 50-60 p thick. From the innermost largest cells,
irregularly twisted and often stellately ramified filaments grow out,
crossing each other in the mucilaginous interior.

The cystocarps (Fig. n) are scattered throughout the thallus and
are formed in the interior of the tissue. The carpospores form a
dense, roundish body. This is surrounded by curved filaments and is
surmounted by an ostiole about 50—80 p in diameter in the cortical
layer, through which the carpospores escape. The tetraspores are
formed in the cortical layer and likewise occur scattered throughout
the whole thallus. They are small, about 12 p broad and 20 p long
and cruciately divided.

The present species belongs to the subgenus Acanthymenia J. Ag.
It is, as noted above, related to H. Harvey ana J. Ag. (H. Floresia
Harv., Phycol. Austral, pi. 214) of which I have seen several speci¬
mens in Herb. J. Agardh at Lund. The Indian plant differs in its
much more numerous marginal and also surface proliferations. The
colour and consistency of the thallus is also somewhat different, and
likewise the method of branching, this being more or less markedly
pinnate in H. Haroeyana. On account of the very finely divided
branching there is a close transition between branches and prolifera¬
tions (see Okamura, leones of Jap. Algae, vol. iv. p. 43, pi. 162).

Our plant also shows some likeness to broad forms of H. Floresia
Ag., but this species differs in its lighter colour, thinner thallus,
fewer proliferations and difference in size of the peripheral cells (cf.
Weber van Bosse, Algues du Siboga, pp. 228 and 232).

Fruiting specimens were gathered in January.

Cryptonemia undulata Sonder in Linnaea, vol. xxvi. 516;
Harvey, Phyc. Austral, tab. 205; Kiitzing, Tab. Phycol. 19, tab. 31.

India : Dredged off Dwarka at about 5 fathoms ; Okha Port;
Karachi, J. A. Murray (in Herb. Kew.); K. G. Naik (a single
specimen in spirit).

Distr. Australia.

This plant may now be recorded from the Indian Ocean. In the
Kew Herbarium are to be found some large specimens from Karachi
labelled Delesseria subdichotoma, but it is evident that they do not
belong to that family but to the Cryptonemiales. They agree in fact
with Cryptonemia undulata , specimens of which I have seen from
Encounter Bay and Champion Bay in J. Agardh's Herbarium at
Lund. My specimens are irregularly divided, the lobes having a
breadth of £-3 cm. with vigorous nerves which run up through the
thallus and become divided several times until they disappear.
Along the edges of the older part of the thallus more or less numerous
proliferations are present, and these are also occasionally developed

125

from the surface. They are usually small, with a short stalk and a
small roundish leaf-like upper part 1-2 mm. broad.

Some smaller specimens collected at Dwarka and Okha Port
agree well with Kiitzing’s figure. The lobes reach a breadth of only
1-2 cm., their edges are very waved and they have few proliferations.

A transverse section of the thallus, which is about 70 [i thick,
shows that it consists at the periphery of a layer of densely placed
short assimilating cells and one or two layers of larger roundish ones
below. The medullary tissue is composed of thick-walled filaments
tightly woven together. The midrib develops through the division
of the cells of the cortical layer, which form short, dense, vertical
rows of cells.

In one of my specimens a few cystocarps were found. They
occurred in the small leaf-like part of the proliferations, immersed in
the medullary tissue (see Kylin in Lunds Univers. Arsskrift, Avd. 2,
Bd. xxi., 1925, p. 20, fig. 8). The cluster of carpospores forms
roundish clumps and the ripe carpospores escape through a small
ostiole.

Sarconema furcellatum Plant. Mar. Ruhr. Enum. no.

79, tab. viii, fig. 1 .—Plocaria jurcellata Mont., Pugill. PI. Yemens. no.
12; Sylloge Gen. Crypt., p. 413. Trematocarpusfurcellatus Kiitz., Tab.
Phycol., vol. xix. tab. 73 c, d. Gracilaria Jurcellata Zanard., Plant.
Mar. Rubr. Enum. p. 58, no. 84. Dicranema Montagnei Grim., Alg.
Fidschi, Tonga- und Samoa-Inseln, p. 43.

India : Bombay : Backbay, Malabar Hill; Dwarka ; Karachi,
J. A. Murray (Herb. Kew.).

Distr. Red Sea.

Fig. 12. Sarconema furcellaium Zanard. a, transverse section of the
thallus (about x6Q). b, longitudinal section of the central strand (about
X175), c, part of the peripheric tissue with tetrasporangia (about x 200).

126

In referring the Indian material to this species, which hitherto
has been known only from the Red Sea, I should point out that I
have not been able to compare my specimens with the original
material, but Kutzing's figures and description appear to make it
evident that the Indian and the Red Sea plants are identical. For
synonymy see the remarks by Bomet in Mazza, Saggio di Algologia
Oceanica (La Nuova Notarisia, 1907, pp. 31-35)-

The repeatedly forked thallus forms dense, broad, intricate tufts
up to 15 cm. high, which bear a strong resemblance to the tufts of
Furcellaria fastigiata. The breadth of the thallus varies consider¬
ably : in specimens from exposed shores its diameter is about mm.;
in specimens from sheltered localities it is scarcely \ mm. The
apical growth is of the fountain type. A transverse section (Fig. 12a)
shows at the periphery a layer of densely placed rectangular cells
about 12 fi long and 6 ^ broad. Below this is a parenchymatous
tissue composed of roundish-polygonal cells becoming larger inwards.
In the middle of the thallus there is a cential strand, about 150 p
broad, composed of densely packed thick-walled cells about 5-7 p in
diameter: a longitudinal section (Fig. 12b) shows that these are
filaments of long cells with more or less oblique transverse walls.

The tetrasporangia (Fig. 12c) are formed in the peripheral layer;
they are broadly oval, about 35 p long and 25 p broad and zonately
divided. Tetrasporic specimens were gathered in January.

Judging from dried material, the plant seems to have decumbent
creeping rhizome-like filaments such as occur in Furcellaria fastigiata.

The plant was found near low water mark in exposed places,
attached to stones and shells.

Aghardhiella robusta (Grev.) Boergs., comb. nov.— DumonHa
robusta Grev., Alg. Brit. p. 62. Soliena australis Harv., Phyc.
Austral, tab. 149 ; Kiitzing, Tab. Phyc. vol. xix. tab. 27. Rhabdonia
robusta J. Ag.. Spec. Alg. ii. p. 355.

India : Dwarka, dredged at about 5 fathoms. Okha Port, cast
ashore. Karachi, 1859, W. J. S. Pullen (Herb. Kew.) ; A. B.
Kotwall.

Distr. Australia, Japan (?), Malayan Archipelago.

During a visit to Lund, Prof. Kylin kindly informed me that
the type species of the genus Rhabdonia , namely R. coccinea Harv.,
has an apical cell, whereas several others of the genus have the
fountain (Sfiringbrunnen) type of growth characteristic of the genus
Agardhiella. These latter species should be transferred to this
genus, and in accordance with this view the present species becomes
Agardhiella robusta, comb, nov., as above.

Of the figures quoted, that of Kutzing agrees best with the Indian
plant; the Japanese plant pictured by Okamura (leones Jap. Alg.,
vol. iv. p. 102, pi. 174) has a very different aspect from ours (see also
Yendo, Bot. Mag. Tok., xxviii., 1914, p. 273). The plant is irregu¬
larly branched on all sides. At the base the branches are as a rule
much constricted but become rapidly thicker and remain almost

127

cylindrical until they taper slowly into the upper acute apex. The
larger specimens reach a height of 37 cm. and the filaments in these
specimens have a breadth of 3 mm, but several of the specimens are
more slender with the thicker filaments only 2 mm. and others
scarcely 1 mm. broad.

These thin specimens show much resemblance to the var.
tenuiramea A. and E. S. Gepp (Joum. Bot. 1906, p. 255), which I
was able to examine during a visit to the British Museum, London,
where Mr. A. Gepp most kindly showed me his specimens.

A transverse section shows that the cortical layer consists of
short branchlets composed of oblong roundish cells which are sma ll
outside but larger within. Long unicellular hairs are common in the
young thallus. From the wall of the innermost larger cells, stellately
divided filaments grow out, crossing the innermost mucilaginous
interior in all directions. Only tetrasporic specimens were found.
The zonately divided tetrasporangia are formed in the cortical layer
and originate, as pointed out by Kylin (in Lunds Universitets
Arsskrift, N.F., Avd. 2, vol. xxiv, 1928, p. 71), from terminal cells of
the branchlets.

Calliblepharis fimbriata Kutz., Phyc. gen. 404; Spec. Alg.,
755 ; Tab. Phyc., vol. xviii, tab. na; J. Agardh, Spec. Alg., ii.
621 .—Sphaerococcus fimbriatus Ag., Spec., 299 ; Suhr, Uebers. Alg.
Ecklon, 10, no. 35, tab. 2, fig. 12.

India : Karachi, J. A. Murray ; Manora, near Karachi, Miss L.
Here.

Distr. Cape.

Of this plant, known only from the Cape, several fine specimens
are present in the Kew Herbarium. I have compared the Indian
specimens with plants from Mossel Bay in J. Agardh’s Herbarium at
Lund, and found that they agree well. The largest specimen
measured 26 cm. high.

It grows by means of an apical cell such as Kylin pointed out
for C. jubata (Kylin, Entwickelungsgesch. Florideenstudien, p. 72).
The thallus is divided into several lobes about f cm. broad, and these
possess along the margin dense proliferations about £-1 cm. long.
The latter have a short stipe and an irregularly divided upper part.
Very rarely surface proliferations also occur.

Hypoglossum spathulatum Kutz., Spec. Alg., p. 877; J.
Agardh, Spec. Alg., iii. 3, 186 ; Kylin, Lunds Universitets Arbog,
N.F., Avd. 2, Bd. xx. 9 .—Delesseria spathulata Kutz., Tab. Phyc.,
vol. xix, tab. 12. D. hypoglosso'ides Harv., Phyc. Austral., tab.
87 ; Kutz., Tab. Phyc., vol. xix., tab. 13.

India : Okha Port, cast ashore.

Distr. Australia, Malay Archipelago.

I collected several specimens of this plant, which appear to agree
with the Australian species, as represented by Harvey’s Alg. Austral.
Exsicc. no, 282, of which we have a fine specimen in the Botanical

128

Museum at Copenhagen, and by several specimens in Herb. J.
Agardh at Lund.

Fig. 13. Hypoglossum spathulatum Kiitz. a, part of thallus of tetrasporic
plant (X 6). b, part of the same of anthendial plant (X 6). c, part of thallus
with a cystocatp (X6).

The plant forms densely branched bushes up to 10-12 cm. high
of a fine rosy-red colour. The almost linear fronds of which the
thallus consists are up to about 4 mm. broad in their broadest part
and vary little in width except at the acute summit. They consist
of a single layer of cells, except for the midrib, which is three cells
thick and to which later on cortical cells are added (Fig. 14). Pro¬
liferations are given out in great numbers from the midrib.

In the tetrasporic plant (Fig. 13a) the sori are found in long
narrow belts on both sides of the midrib. These sori are about 3 mm.
long and *2 mm. broad, and are, when fully developed, rectangular in
shape. Between each pair of sori there is a sterile area 1 cm. or more
long.

_ The antheridial bodies (Fig. 13b) are found on both sides of the
midrib in small, irregularly shaped, scattered groups. The cysto-
carps, which are developed from the midrib, are urceolate, with a
short neck above about 115 (j. broad (Fig. 13c). The fully developed
cystocarp has a breadth of about 500 p. All the fruiting specimens

129

were gathered in the middle of January. Mme. Weber v, Bosse
(Vidensk. Medd. naturh. Forening, Bd. lxxxi., 1926, 113) mentions
that she found tetrasporic plants at Kei Islands, otherwise fruiting
specimens do not seem to have been recorded.

Fig. 14. Hvpoglossum spathulatwn Ktitz. Transverse section of thallus
(X 50).

Herposiphonia tenella Nagl., in Schleiden und Nageli, Zeitschr.
fiir wissenschaftl. Botanik, Heft iii-iv. 238, tab. viii (1846) ;
Falkenberg, Rhodomelaceen, 304.— Hutchinsia tenella Ag., Spec. Alg.,
ii. 105.

India : Dwarka (sterile).

Distr. In most warmer seas.

A few small pieces were found intermingled in the thallus of
Boodlea siamensis Reinb. The distribution of the branches and
branchlets on the creeping rhizome is normal (as described by
Falkenberg, l.c., p. 303). The diameter of the rhizome is about
80-110 [x, and the segments are about as long as broad. The number
of pericentral cells is 9-10 in the main branches and 7-8 in the
branchlets. The branchlets are short, composed of about 12 seg¬
ments ; they are much curved with their upper ends turned towards
the growing point. The apices are broadly rounded, and the
trichoblasts are poorly developed. The specimens have a similar
appearance to the plant figured in Mar. Alg. D.W.I., vol. ii. 289,
fig. 289,

Chondria cornuta Boergs., sp. nov.; a C. tenmssima Ag. et
speciebus aliis affinlbus, parte apicale ramulorum cystocarpiiferorum
in prolongationem cornutam producta ad basin cystocarpiorum
praesentem inter alia discedit.

Thallus caespitosus, circiter 15 cm. altus, e filamentis erectis
teretiusculis circiter £-f mm. latis undique ramosis, ramis acutis
sparsis virgatis subrectis, compositus. Tetrasporangia in ramulis
inflatis et in gyrum ductis immersa. Cystocarpia solitaria, in latere

130

superiore ramulomm sessilia, nrceolata, ovato-subglobosa, circiter
700 (x longa, 200 (x lata.

India: Bombay (Malabar Hill), Boergesen 5076 (type); Santa
Cruz, Karachi, J. A. Murray (Herb. Kew.).

The plant is common on the shores near Bombay, where it was
found on rocks or in rock-pools in exposed places near or a little below
low-water-mark. Fruiting specimens were gathered in January.

Fig 15 Chondna cornuta Boergs a, a branchlet with cystocarps
(X 17J). b, a tetrasponc branchlet (X 171)

The plant grows in dense tufts up to a height of about 15 cm.
The erect mam shoots are but slightly branched below, though
branches are developed above. The lower ones are long, the upper
shorter and directed towards the main stems. The insertion is
narrow but they gradually attain normal size and then taper
gradually towards die acute apex From the larger branches short
ramuli are given off in the same way The main filaments are about
£-f mm. thick. A transverse section shows 5 pericentral cells
surrounded by a cortical tissue, the cells of which become gradually
smaller outwards. The colour of the plant is dark red-brown when
dried.

The tetrasporangia (Fig. 15b) are formed in the upper ends of
the branches and in the ramuli The uppermost fertile r am uli are
short and thick, about 100 [x broad and 3-5 times as long; the
lowermost are longer They enlarge in a screw-like manner.

The cystocarps (Figs. 15a, 16) are formed on the upper side oi
short ramuli. As the cystocarps increase in size, they appear to be
placed terminally on a short stalk, which is the lower end of the
ramulus. The upper end of the ramulus is directed downwards and
appears below the cystocarp as a short spine. The ripe cystocarp is
about 450 p long and almost as broad.

The cystocarps axe thus situated very similarly to those of C.
tenuissima Ag. (see Thuret et Bomet, Etudes Phycologiques, 1878,
plates 43-48), but in this the apex of the ramulus in the ripe cystocarp
is very little developed, being seen only as a short scar-like outgrowth
from the ripe cystocarp.

Fig. 16. Chondna cornuta Boergs. A cystocarp (x SO).

C. arborescens J. Ag. has a similar spine, but this species differs
from our plant in size, ramification and general appearance.

In the Kew Herbarium are found two specimens referable to C.
cornuta. They are female plants gathered at Karachi by J. A.
Murray and labelled Chondriopsis lanceolata Harv. According to
Harvey’s figure (Phycol. Austral., tab. 239) this plant differs in
ramification and in the absence of spines at the base of the cystocarps.

Chondria dasyphylla Ag. Sp. Alg. p. 350; Falkenb.
Rhodomelaceen, 197, tab. 22.

A female plant was found as an epiphyte on Udotea indica.
India : Dwarka.

Distr. Seems to occur in most wanner seas.

Chondria armata Okam., leones Jap. Alg., vol. i., 69, pi. 16,
figs. 9-19; Weber van Bosse, Liste des Algues du Siboga, 353.—
Lophura armata Ku.tz., Tab. Phyc., vol. xvi., p. 2, tab. 3, figs. a-b.
Rhodomela crassicaulis Harv., Alg. exsicc. Ceylon no. 8 ; Fergusson,

Fig. 17. Chondna armata Okara. var. plimaris Boergs. Apex of a
ramulus -with tnchoblasts (x 150).

132

Alg. exsicc. Ceylon no. io ; Svedelius in Botaniska Stndier tillagnade
F. R. Kjellman, 191, figs. 3-9. Chondriopsis crassicaulis J. Ag..
Analecta Algologica, 1892, p. 161. Chondria minima Weber, Liste
des Algues du Siboga, p. 309, pi. vii. fig. ix.; non Chondria crassicaulis
Harv., Alg. nov. Wright, in Proc. Amer. Acad., vol. iv., p. 329.

India : Tuticorin, Burma (Herb. Mus. Brit.).

Distr. New Caledonia, Japan, Malayan Archipelago, Ceylon,
India.

Okamura was the first to point out that Lophura armata Kfitz.,
and the plant from Ceylon which Harvey named Rhodomela crassi¬
caulis, are the same species. As Harvey’s plant is a Chondria, and
as he had already given the specific name crassicaulis to another
Chondria, the plant must, as stated by Okamura, bear the epithet
which Kutzing gave it. Later Dr. Anna Weber added to this species
what has proved to be another synonym, namely her species Chondria
minima.

When I began the examination of this plant I had only seen a
few specimens of Harvey’s Rhodomela crassicaulis preserved in J.
Agardh’s herbarium at Lund and a few species of Chondria armata
from Japan given me by Professor Yamada. My Indian specimens
agreed with Harvey’s plant, and on comparing them with the
Japanese plant I believed that we had most probably to do with two
distinct species, one (Harvey’s) being characterized by its featherlike
thallus (which is also seen in the Indian material in the living state),
and the other with ramuli arranged all round the main axis, as
described and figured by Kutzing and Okamura. Some anatomical
differences also appeared to be present. In mine, large, vigorous,
spirally arranged and freely protruding trichoblasts were present in
great numbers, densely covering the protruding acute apex of the
ramuli (Fig, 17). In the Japanese plant, on the other hand, the
trichoblasts were much smaller, evidently densely pressed to the

Big. 18. Chondria armata Okam. var. plumans Boergs. Upper part of
young thallus (x 4 £). 6 P

133

surface of the thallus, and the acute summit of the ramuli was not,
or only a very little, covered by the trichoblasts. Specimens of
Harvey's and Fergusson's plants, from Ceylon and Tuticorin
respectively, which I saw at Kew and at the British Museum, were
all featherlike and confirmed my opinion that the Japanese and the
Ceylon plant were specifically distinct.

On my return from England Dr. Weber very kindly sent me all
her material of Chondria armata. By means of this valuable collec¬
tion I have convinced myself that the two forms really belong to
the same species, since they are connected by intermediate forms.
Thus specimens from Flores, Dutch East Indies, had the ramuli
surrounding the summit of the main axis, and in some of the speci¬
mens from Ceylon the arrangement of the ramuli was not markedly
featherlike. Furthermore, in some fine material in spirit of his
Ceylon plant, which Prof. N. Svedelius most kindly sent me, the
ramuli are not so regularly pectinate, but often grow out in all
directions and the trichoblasts are absent or very poorly developed.

From the above we may conclude that the plant when typically
developed has two very distinct forms; a more eastern form, which
I propose to call var. typica, known from Japan and New Caledonia,
with ramuli on all sides ; and a more western form, known from
India and Ceylon, which I propose to call var. plumaris.

In contrast to Svedelius’ specimens which grew in very exposed
places my specimens were found on sheltered coasts and possibly the
featherlike form is an adaptation due to the sheltered locality.

Fig. 18 shows a young shoot, with ramuli, of the var. plumaris.
The ramuli are, in the young upper part, arranged spirally, but
during growth a dislocation takes place, the result being that they
become arranged in two opposite rows along the main axis. The
ramuli are fusiform, tapering somewhat below and markedly so
towards the acutely pointed apex. The plant belongs to the
Section Euchondria. A transverse section shows i central and 5
pericentral cells, surrounded by a thick layer of roundish cells which
become gradually smaller externally. As pointed out by Svedelius,
the plant has thick, creeping, perennial, rhizome-like stems fixed to
the rocks by rhizoids; from this basal part the annual erect filaments
arise. My specimens were sterile.

XV.—TWO NEW FERNS FROM COLOMBIA.*

William R. Maxon.

In sorting out and identifying recently a large number of ferns
of the F. C. Lehmann collection (chiefly from Colombia and Ecuador)
acquired by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, through the Bentham
Trustees many years ago, the writer met with many numbers that
apparently had not been studied by Hieronymus, presumably
because of their having been collected in insufficient quantity for the

•Published by permission of the Secretary of the Smithsonian
Institution.

134

numbered sets distributed by the collector to various herbaria.
Some of these are rare species, which have been published by
Hieronymus and others on the basis of other numbered specimens of
the Lehmann collection. However, the two species here discussed
appear not to have been previously described ; each is represented
by a single specimen only.

For the privilege of studying the rich Lehmann collection the
writer wishes to express his thanks to the Director, and at the same
time to acknowledge gratefully many courtesies extended during two
summers at Kew.

Dryopteris (Meniscium) minuscula Maxon, sp. nov.; a D.
gigantea (Mett.) C. Chr. specie americana altera subgeneris Meniscii
frondibus simplicibus gaudente notis omnibus valde recedit.

Rhizoma (incompletum) repens, parvum (circa 5 mm. diam.),
apice paleis reticulatis teneris brunneis glabris circa 4 mm. longis
acuminatis late ovatis sparse vestitum. Folia 4, subfasciculata,
20-27 cm. longa, longe stipitata, omnino glabra, stipitibus teretibus
lucidis brunnescentibus circa 0-5 mm. diam. gracillimis, aut laminam
aequantibus aut plerumque multo longioribus; laminae simplices,
10-12 cm. longae, 2-5-4 cm - latae, anguste elliptico-oblongae, apice
acuto vel acutiusculo abrupte caudatae, basi late cuneatae sed non
decurrentes, marginibus anguste scariosis subrepandis, costa utrinque
valde prominente supra anguste sulcata, nervis 30-35-jugis utrinque
prominentibus obliquis (angulo 45 0 egredientibus) marginem fere
attingentibus ibidem arcuatis; areolae supra perspicuae medio
laminae utroque 10-12-seriatae, venis transversis supra prominen¬
tibus, sterilibus angulo acuto (45 °) conjunctis (ramo excurrente
subaequali apice hydathodo elongato incrassato), fertihbus angulo
latiore conjunctis et saepe arcuatis, ramo excurrente plus minusve
reducto; son rotundi vel oblongi, parvi (1-1*5 mm. diam.),
sporangiis glabris, sporis ovoideis ochraceis rugoso-alatis circa 55 p
longis et 30 p latis.

Colombia : Habitat in locis abruptis humidis ad fluvium Rio
Dagua in regione maritima haud procul ab oppido Buenaventura,
alt. 0-300 m., Lehmann 4433. Typus in herbario Kewense
asservatur.

A unique species, differing widely in all diagnostic characters
from Dryopteris gigantea (Mett.) C. Chr., the only simple-leaved
American species of the subgenus Meniscium previously known. It
is probable, however, that the plant attains a somewhat greater size
than indicated by the single specimen at hand.

Dryopteris (Lastrea) perstrigosa Maxon, sp. nov.; species
ob paleas rachis et costarum persistentes majusculas insignis, D.
horrenti Hieron. subgeneris Lastreae affinis, quae ut videtur differt :
pinnis distantioribus basi 2-5 cm. latis majoribusque, costis subtus
fuscescentibus lucidisque et paleis minoribus caducis fuscescentibus
parce praeditis, notis pubescentiae, et soris supramedialibus
maxginum lobis aliquando obtectis.

135

Rhizoma et stipes desunt. Lamina (fere completa) 75 cm. longa,
16-20 cm. lata, ambitu anguste lineari-lanceolata, pinnato-pinna-
tifida, utroque gradatim attenuata, rachi valida, basi fere 5 mm.
crassa, ubique densissime hirtello-strigosa (pilis fulvescentibus vel
sordido-albidis rigidis obliquis circa 0-5 mm. longis), supra profunde
sulcata, persistente paleacea, paleis laxe divergentibus fulvescentibus
linearibus attenuatis parce pubescentibus ciliolatisque crebre
striolatis firmis lucidis usque ad 1 cm. longis et 1 mm. latis; pinnae
crasso-herbaceae, opacae, utrinque sordido-virides, infra apicem
brevem pinnatifidum circa 45 utroque latere, infra oppositae vel
suboppositae, sursum altemae, plerumque subremotae, sessiles,
profunde pinnatifidae, mediales 8-10 cm. longae, basin versus circa
1*5-1 -8 cm. latae, lineari-attenuatae, apice serrato-caudatae, recte
patentes, inframediales sensim breviores decurvatae, inferiores
remotae interstitiis 2-2*5 cm. distantes, infimae nonnullae abbreviatae
valde reflexae, costis pinnarum omnium ubique dense hirtello-
strigosis et subtus inter basin et medium paleis attenuatis lucidis laxe
imbricatis majusculis eis racbis similibus omatis, costis basi subtus
etiam aerophoro fusco duro elevato-rotimdato magno instructs;
segmenta pinnarum majorum 30-35 utroque costae latere, recte
patentia, ligulato-linearia, obtusa, plus minusve falcata, circa
8-10 mm. longa, 2*5 mm. lata, ala angustissima o*5-o*8 mm. lata
conjuncta, marginibus ciliolatis sinuatis vel subcrenatis, revolutis
sed non soros amplectentibus, sinubus exacte linearibus interstinctis;
segmentorum costulae etiam nervi supra pilis setiformibus crassius-
cuks albidis obliquis strigosi, subtus costulae copiose et nervi parce
albido-strigosi, parenchymate pilis fragilibus brevissimis perpaucis
praedita; nervi 12-16-jugi, obliqui, crebri, simplices, immersi,
marginem attingentes; sori exacte mediales, subrotundi, mediocres,
conferti et aetate confluentes, exindusiati, receptaculis siccitate
elevatis; sporangia numerosissima, brunnea, glabra, sporis
fabiformibus sublaevibus 45 g x 30 jjl diam.

Colombia : Habitat in declivibus montis Paramo de las Delicias
in Andibus centralibus Popayanensibus, alt. ut videtur 3000-3300 m.,
Lehmann ; “ B. T. 913/’ Typus in herbario Kewense asservatur.

Related, as appears from the description, to D. horrens Hieron.,
but exceedingly well marked by its more numerous and invariably
simple veins, its strictly medial sori, its copious dense strigose
pubescence throughout, and especially its numerous persistent scales
upon the rachis and costae. Although the specimen is old, the last
character is conspicuous, the slender glossy scales forming a loose,
subimbricate covering upon all but the uppermost pinnae for about
half their length.

136

XVI.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF SIAM.*

Additamentum XXXIII.

Anotis trimera Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; a speciebus
aliis floribus axillaribus distincte pedicellatis, pedunculo communi
vix evoluto distincta. . . .

Cattles annui, circa 30 cm. alti, simpliccs vel panci-ramosi, sicco
brunnei, iuventute fusci, glabri. Folia opposita, oblongo-lanceo-
lata vel lanceolata, apice subobtusa, basi cuneata, ad 5 cm. longa et
i-8 cm. lata, subchartacea, sicca supra viridia vel fusca, subtus
pallidiora, glabra, costa pagina utraque plus minusve conspicua vel
subtus prominula, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 4 obliquis pagina
utraque obscuris, nervulis omnino obscuris, petiolo ad 4 mm. longo
suffulta; stipulae ad 5 mm. longae, lobulatae, piluloso-puberulae,
persistentes. Pedunculi axillares, petiolo saltern dimidio breviores,
flores circa 5 gerentes, parvi-bracteati; pedicelli 5-8 mm. longi,
glabri. Recefttaculam vix 1 mm. longum, glabrum. CaLyois tubus
brevis, pauperius ciliolatus, segmenta 3, late lanceolata, acuta,
2*5 mm. longa, basi fere 1 mm. lata, ciliolata, dorso carinata.
Corolla dorso puberula; tubus 2 mm. longus, intra infeme parce
pilosus; lobi 3, vix 1 mm. longi, basi paulo ultra 1 mm. lati.
Stamina 3, filamentis circa o*5 mm. longis ad corollae tubi apicem
insertis, antheris 075 mm. longis. Stylus corollae subaequilongus.
Frucftts 3-5 mm. longus, apice e calyce exsertus, calvcis segmentis
persistentibus, apice loculicide debiscens ; semina loculo quoque 2-3,
ambitu oblonga, facie altera concava, altera convexa.

Saraburi, Muak Lek, Put 1873.

Ophiorrhiza aggregata Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; ab
affini 0 . costata Ridl. calycis segmentis pro rata longioribus, corollae
lobis dorso angustius alatis, stigmatibus a cutis recedens.

Caules annui, erecti, ad 17 cm. alt;, infeme radicantes, basi circa
3 mm. diametro, fistulosi, glabri. Folia opposita, paribus inter se
aequalibus, elliptico-oblonga vel oblongo-ovata, apice acuminata,
basi cuneata vel late cuneata, ad 15 cm. longa et 6-5 cm. lata,
chartacea, sicca supra fuscescentia, subtus pallide bmnnescentia,
primo ad marginem pauperius brevius setulosa, aliter glabra, costa
supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
11-13 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis intra marginem arcuatim
iunctis, nervulis obscuris, petiolo usque ad 2-5 cm. longo suffulta;
stipulae cito deciduae, 7 mm. longae. Inflorescentia terminalis,
pedunculo communi brevi vel ad 2 cm. longo densius longius cris-
patim puberulo suffulta, densa, circa 2 cm. diametro, bracteis
brevibus deciduis. Receptaculum 1-25 mm. longum, costatum, dense
pallide fermgineo-pubendum. Calycis segmenta 5, deltoidea vel
oblongo-deltoidea, 075 mm. longa, dorso dense puberula. Corolla
alba (ex Kerr), dorso sparse puberula, primo supeme valde costata;
tubus circa 7 mm. longus, intra medio albo-pilosus ; lobi 5, circa

* Continued from KB., 1931, p. 448.

137

2*5 mm. longi. Stamina 5, fllamentis 2*5 mm. longis glabris ad
corollae tubi 3 mm. supra eius basem affixis, antheris linearibus vix
2*5 mm. longis. Stylus 3 mm. longus, stigmatibus subacutis vix
2 mm. longis.

Pang-nga, Kao Bangto, 900 m., by stream in evergreen forest,
Kerr 17212.

Ophiorrhiza alata Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; ab af&ni 0.
costata Ridl. foliorum nervis lateralibus magis numerosis, calycis
segmentis et corolla longioribus recedit.

Caules herbacei, ad 50 cm. alti (ex Kerr), glabri, sicco fusco-
brunnei, iuventute nodos prope pallide parvi-maculati. Folia
opposita, paribus inter se aequalibus vel parum inaequalibus,
saepissime elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, apice longius subacute
acuminata, basi cuneata, late cuneata, vel subacuminata, 8-14*5 cm.
longa, 3-5*8 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca supra saepissime fuscescentia,
subtus pallide viridia vel brunnescentia, supra marginem versus
setulis brevibus instructa, subtus ad costam nervosque laterales pilis
brevibus sparse instructa, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 11-13 arcuatis intra marginem anastomo-
santibus supra conspicuis subtus prominulis, nervis transversis
paucis subconspicuis, petiolo 1-3 cm. longo glabro suffulta ; stipulae
deciduae, circa 3 mm. longae. Inflorescentia terminalis, pedunculo
communi ad 4 cm. longo incluso ad 9 cm. longa et 6 cm. diametro,
pedunculo cum ramulis pilis brevibus crispatis ferrugineis tecto;
bracteae angustae, deciduae ; flores albi (ex Kerr) , pedicellis brevibus
vel ad 2*5 mm. longis pilis brevibus ferrugineis obtectis suffulti.
Receptaculum ad 1*5 mm. longum, costatum, pilis brevibus ferru¬
gineis plus minusve deciduis instructum. Calycis segmenta
deltoideo-lanceolata, subacuta, circa 1*5 mm. longa. Corolla dorso
papiUoso-puberula; tubus circa 12*5 mm. longus, intra supra
staminum insertionem ad antherarum apices birsutus ; lobi 5, late
lanceolati, circa 3*5 mm. longi et 1*5 mm. lati. Stamina 5, filamentis
vix 3 mm. longis glabris circa 5 mm. supra corollae tubi basem
insertis, antheris 2*75 mm. longis. Stylus ad 1 cm. longus, stig¬
matibus duobus latis obtusis.

Chantabun, Kao Soi Dao, 1300-1600 m., evergreen forest, Kerr
9643 .

Ophiorrhiza angkae Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; ab 0.
condensa Craib inflorescentia laxa distincte pedunculata inter alia
recedit.

Caules e rhizomate repente annui, circa 30 cm. alti, fistulosi,
brunnei vel subvirides, primo sparse crispatim ferrugineo-
pubescentes. Folia opposita, paribus inter se aequalibus vel fere
aequalibus, saepissime oblongo-lanceolata, haud rarius parum
inaequilateralia, apice obtuse acuminata vel subacuminata, basi
cuneata, acuminato-cuneata, vel rarius rotundata, ad 13 cm. longa
et 4*5 cm. lata, membranaceo-chartacea, sicco subtus pallidiora,

133

supra setulis sparsis instructa, subtus ad nervos puberulo-setulosa,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 10-14 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis
intra marginem anastomosantibus, petiolo 0*5-2 cm. longo suffulta;
stipulae angustae, circa 2 mm. longae, deciduae. Inflorescentia
terminalis, pedunculo communi saltern 2 cm. longo densius crispatim
pallide ferrugineo-puberulo suffulta, sublaxe ramosa, 2-3*5 c^ 1 *
longa, 3-4*5 cm. lata; pedicelli breves; bracteae saepe persis-
tentes, angustae, circa 3 mm. longae. Receptaculum sparse puber-
ulum. Calycis segmenta 5, deltoidea, 0*5 mm. longa. Corolla alba
(ex Kerr), dorso fere glabra ; tubus 4 mm. longus, intra 1 mm. infra
apicem annulo denso pilorum alborum instructus; lobi 5, lineares,
acuti, circa 4*5 mm. long! et 0*75 mm. lati, dorso gabri, apice medio
alati, intra furfuracei. Discus camosus, conspicuus. Stamina 5,
inclusa, filamentis circa 1 mm. longis glabris 1 mm. supra corollae
tubi basem insertis, antheris circa 1*5 mm. longis. Stylus 6*5 mm.
longus, parce puberulus ; stigmata rotundata, 1 mm. diametro.

Doi Angka, 1300 m., dense evergreen forest, Kerr 5284.

Ophiorrhiza approximata Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; O.
aggregatae Craib habitu similis sed caule iuventute pilis brevibus
ferrugineis subadpressis obtecto, haud glabro distinguenda.

Caules circa 30 cm. alti, basi lignosi, primo dense crispatim
subadpresse ferrugineo-pubescentes. Folia oblongo-oblanceolata,
oblongo-elliptica, vel elliptica, apice obtuse subacuminata, basi saepe
parum inaequilateralia, cuneata, ad 14 cm. longa et 6*5 cm. lata,
chartacea, sicco viridia, subtus pallidiora, supra marginem versus
setulis paucis brevibus instructa, subtus ad nervos ferrugineo-
puberula, aliter setulis brevibus inconspicuis sparse instructa, costa
supra conspicua vel impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 12-14 pagina utraque conspicuis vel subtus prominulis,
nervulis paucis pagina utraque conspicuis, petiolo 1-3*3 cm * longo
suffulta; stipulae 1 cm. longae, ad medium bilobatae, deciduae.
Inflorescentia terminalis, pedunculo communi ad 7 mm. longo
ferrugineo-tomentoso suffulta, compacta, 1*5 cm. diametro;
pedicelli breves. Receptaculum 1*5 mm. longum, sulcatum, puber-
ulum. Calycis segmenta deltoidea, subacuta, o*6 mm. longa, dorso
puberula, ciliolata, dorso medio incrassata. Corolla alba (ex Kerr),
extra puberula; tubus 4 mm. longus, intra paulo supra medium
annulo pilorum brevium instructus; lobi 5, inter se parum inaequales,
oblongi vel oblongo-deltoidei, obtusi, 2-2*5 nun. longi, 1-1*2 mm.
lati, sat crassi. Stamina 5 ; filamenta 1*5 mm. longa, glabra,
0*75 mm. supra corollae tubi basem affixa ; antherae lineares, 2 mm.
longae, basifixae, loculis acutis vel brevissime apiculatis. Stylus
stigmatibus fusiformibus subacutis inclusis 3*5 mm. longus, parce
puberulus.

Puket, Katu, 50 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 17569.

Ophiorrhiza bambusetorum Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; ab
0. argentea Wall, ex G. Don, cui habitu subsimilis, foliis floribusque
maioribus, antheris multo longioribus recedens.

139

Cattles annui, circa 15 cm. alti, iuventute dense crispatim
femigineo-pnberalo-tomenteUi, basi lignosi. Folia opposita,
paribus inter se fere aequalibus, oblongo-lanceolata vel oblongo-
ovata, apice obtuse subacuminata, basi cuneata vel rotundato-
cuneata, 7-11 cm. longa, circa 3 cm. lata, chartacea, sicco supra
plumbea, subtus pallida, pagina superiore glabra, inferiore ad nervos
crispatim ferrugineo-puberula, aliter setuloso-puberula, costa supra
conspicua vel impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
circa 12 supra subconspicuis subtus fere prominulis, petiolo
0*3-1 *5 cm. longo suffulta; stipulae alte bifidae, circa 6 mm. longae,
deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, pedunculo communi ad 2 cm.
longo ferrugineo-tomentello suffulta, ad 2 cm. longa et 3 cm.
diametro ; pedicelli breves vel receptaculo paulo longiores, densius
puberuli. Receptaculum 1*25 mm. longum, puberuhim. Calycis
segmenta 5, deltoidea, circa 0*75 mm. longa. Corolla subpunicea
(ex Kerr), dorso puberula ; tubus circa 7-5 mm. longus, intra paulo
supra staminum insertionem pilosus; lobi 5, ad 3-5 mm. longi et
2 mm. lati. Stamina 5, filamentis 3 mm. longis glabris 2*25 mm.
supra corollae tubi basem insertis, antheris linearibus 2*25 mm.
longis. Stylus 3 mm. longus ; stigmata ambitu subovata, obtusa,
fere 2 mm. longa.

Surat, Sawng Pi Nawng, 50 m., bamboo forest, Kerr 12383.

Ophiorrhiza bicolor Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; ab 0 .
membranacea Craib foliis paulo sed distincte crassioribus, receptaculo
puberulo, antheris brevioribus recedit.

Cattles annui, ad 1 m. alti (ex Kerr), glabri, brunnei, primo
angulati, mox teretes, ad 4 mm. diametro. Folia opposita, paribus
inter se aequalibus vel subaequalibus, lanceolata, oblongo-lanceolata,
vel interdum elliptico-ovata, apice obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata
vel acuminato-cuneata, lateribus saepe inter se parum inaequalibus,
7-14 cm. longa, 3-6 cm. lata, chartacea vel rigide chartacea, sicco
supra viridia vel fusco-viridia, subtus pallida, supra marginem
versus setulis paucis brevibus instructa, subtus glabra, costa supra
conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 8-10
pagina utraque conspicuis, nervulis paucis subtus conspicuis,
petiolo 1-3 cm. longo suffulta ; stipulae cito deciduae, ultra medium
vel fere ad basem bifidae, vix 1 cm. longae. Inflorescentia terminalis,
pedunculo communi brevi vel ad 2 cm. longo longius crispatim
subferrugineo-puberulo suffulta, congesta, circa 2 cm. diametro,
ramis cum pedicellis brevibus breviter subferrugineo-pubescentibus.
Receptaculum puberulum, paulo ultra 1 mm. longum. Calycis
segmenta deltoidea, circa 0*75 mm. longa. Corolla alba (ex Kerr );
tubus 6 mm. longus, 2 mm. infra apicem annulo denso pilorum
alborum intra instructus ; lobi 5, circa 1*5 mm. longi. Stamina bene
indusa; fUaraenta 0*5 mm. longa, glabra, 1 mm. supra corollae tubi
basem inserta; antherae fere 1*75 mm. longae. Stylus 5 mm.
longus, stigmatibus 1 mm. longis ambitu oblongo-ellipticis.

Pang-nga, Kao Katakwam, goo m., evergreen forest, Kerr 18480.

140

Ophiorrhiza calcarea Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; ab O.
bicolore Craib ramulis bifacialiter crispatim puberulis, foliis tenuiori-
bus, stipulis deciduis, inter alia recedens.

Caules annui, bifacialiter crispatim mox furfuraceo-puberuli,
primo angulati, mox teretes, ad 3 mm, diametro, brunnei vel demum
substraminei. Folia opposita, paribus inter se subaequalibus, ovato-
lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice obtuse acuminata vel
subacuminata, basi saepe parum inaequilateralia, cuneata vel
rotundata, 10-16 cm. longa, 3-5*5 cm. lata, membranacea vel
chartaceo-membranacea, sicco subtus pallidiora, supra sparse
setulosa sed marginem versus setulis brevioribus et magis numerosis,
subtus glabra, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque circa 10 pagina utraque conspicuis vel inferiore
subprominulis, margine setuloso-ciliolata, petiolo 1-2 cm. longo
suffulta; stipulae deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, pedunculo
communi 1*5-4 cm - longo crispatim ferrugineo-puberulo suffulta,
ad 6 cm. diametro ; pedicelli receptaculo subaequilongi vel eo paulo
longiores. Receptaculum paulo costatum, puberulum, 1 mm.
longum. Calycis segmenta late deltoidea, obtusa, 0*5 mm. longa.
Corolla alba (ex Kerr) ; tubus 5 mm. longus, intra medio pilosus;
lobi 5, oblongi, 2 mm. longi, 1 mm. lati. Stamina 5, filamentis
3*5 mm. longis glabris 1*25 mm. supra corollae tubi basem insertis,
antheris exsertis 1*5 mm. longis. Stylus 2 mm. longus; stigmata
1*5 mm. longa, longius acuminata.

Krabi, 50 m., evergreen forest at foot of limestone hill, Kerr
18851.

Ophiorrhiza condensa Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; inter
species caule iuventute pilis obtecto et antheris haud 2 mm. longis
inflorescentia parva terminali subcapitata cognoscenda.

Caules annui, 15-23 cm. alti, primo ferrugineo-tomentelli, mox
crispatim ferrugineo-puberuli, brunnei. Folia opposita, paribus
inter se fere aequalibus, oblongo-lanceolata vel suboblonga, apice
obtuse acuminata vel subacuminata, basi haud rarius inaequilater¬
alia, cuneata vel rotundato-cuneata, ad 11 cm. longa et 3*8 cm. lata,
chartacea vel fere membranacea, sicco supra viridia, subtus pallida,
supra sparse setulosa sed apud marginem setulis brevioribus et magis
numerosis, subtus ad nervos crispatim ferrugineo-puberula, aliter
setuloso-puberula, costa supra conspicua subtus prominula, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 10-12 supra conspicuis subtus subprominulis
intra marginem anastomosantibus, margine breviter setuloso-ciliata,
petiolo usque ad 2 cm. longo suffulta ; stipulae circa 1 cm. longae,
deciduae, inter se plus minusve connatae sed saepissime fere e basi
liberae. Inflorescentia terminalis, pedunculo communi circa 3 mm.
longo dense puberulo suffulta, sub anthesin haud 1 cm. diametro,
compacta, pedicellis dense puberulis ad 1 mm. longis. Receptaculum
puberulum, vix 1 mm. longum. Calycis segmenta deltoidea,
obtusiuscula, circa 0*5 mm. longa. Corolla alba (ex Kerr), extra
puberula; tubus 4 mm. longus, intra sub apicem annulo denso

piloram alborum instructus; lobi 5, lineares, 2-5 mm. longi.
Stamina 5, ad pilonun annulum attingentia, filamentis brevibus,
antheris linearibus vix 2 mm. longis. Stylus puberulus, 5 mm.
longus, stigmatibus latis.

Kanburi, Wangka, 400 m., bamboo forest, Kerr 10436.

Ophiorrhiza kratensis Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; ab 0 .
scabrella Ridl. corolla extra subglabra inter alia distinguenda.

Canles 15-40 cm. alti, basi lignosi, simplices vel supeme ramosi,
iuventute dense adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentes, mox puberuli.
Folia opposita. paribus inter se fere aequalibus, lanceolata ovatave,
apice obtuse subacuminata, basi haud rarius parum inaequilateralia,
cuneata vel interdum rotundata, 6-12 cm. longa, 2-37 cm. lata,
chartacea, sicca supra fuscescentia, subtus pallide viridia, supra sparse
inconspicue setulosa, setulis marginem versus magis numerosis et
brevibus, subtus ad nervos ferrugineo-puberula, costa supra saepis-
sime impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 8-10
supra conspicuis subtus prominulis intra marginem anastomo-
santibus, petiolo ad 17 cm. longo suffulta ; stipulae 2-3 mm. longae,
deciduae. Injlorescentia terminalis, sublaxa, pedunculo communi
usque ad 2 cm. longo adpresse ferrugineo-pubescente suffulta,
pedicellis usque ad 2 mm. longis puberulis. Recefitaculum 1*25 mm.
longum, costatum, puberulum. Calycis segmenta 5, deltoidea,
075 mm. longa, dorso carinata. Corolla dorso subglafjra; tubus
circa 7 mm. longus, intra medio annulo denso piloram alborum
instructus; lobi 5, oblongo-lanceolati vel suboblongi, 3 mm. longi,
175 mm. lati. Stamina ad corollae tubi basem posita, filamentis
brevibus glabris 1 mm. supra corollae tubi basem insertis, antheris
linearibus 1*5 mm. longis. Stylus vix 5 mm. longus; stigmata
subrotundata, circa 1 mm. diametro.

Krat, Kao Kuap, Put 2950.

Ophiorrhiza longifolia Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; ab 0 .
scabrella Ridl. calycis segmentis longioribus, corollae tubo pro rata
multo longiore, ab 0 . merguense (Hook, f.) foliis pro longitudine
angustioribus recedit.

Caules 10-25 cm. alti, basi lignosi, iuventute densius crispatim
ferrugineo-pubescentes. Folia opposita, paribus inter se
inaequalibus, oblongo-lanceolata, elongato-lanceolata, vel rarius
suboblonga, apice obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata, interdum
acuminato-cuneata, haud rarius inaequilateralia, 5-5-13 cm. longa,
17-4*2 cm. lata, membranaceo-chartacea, sicco supra viridia, subtus
pallida, pagina superiore setulis sparsis brevibus et marginem
versus brevioribus et magis numerosis instructa, inferiore ad nervos
crispatim ferrugineo-puberula, costa supra conspicua subtus
prominula, nervis lateralibus utrinque 10 pagina utraque conspicuis,
petiolo 0*8-2 *3 cm, longo suffulta; stipulae 1 cm. longae, angustae,
fere e basi inter se liberae. Injlorescentia terminalis, pedunculo
communi circa 2 cm. longo ferrugineo-tomentello suffulta, circa

142

i cm. longa et 3 cm. lata. Receptaculum puberulum, 1 mm. longum.
Calycis segmenta receptaculo subaequilonga. Corolla alba (ex Kerr ),
extra puberula; tubus 7 mm. longus, intra 2 mm. infra apicem
annulo denso pilorum alborum instructus; lobi 1*75 mm. longi.
Stamina bene inclusa; filamenta glabra, circa 1*5 mm. supra
corollae tubi basem inserta ; antherae 1*5 mm. longae. Stylus circa
6 mm. longus, pilis paucis instructus ; stigmata brevia, acuta.

Trang, Chawng, 100 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 15163.

Ophiorrhiza longipes Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae] ; 0 . Lacei
Craib habitu subsimilis sed bracteis elongatis sub anthesin deficien-
tibus distinguenda.

Caules 10-15 cm. alti, simplices, primo crispatim ferrugineo-
pubescentes. Folia opposita, paribus inter se aequalibus, late ovata,
subelliptica, vel elliptica, saepissime apice obtusa, basi late cuneata
vel truncata, 3-5-7 cm. longa, 2-5-4-2 cm. lata, subchartacea, sicca
supra viridia, subtus pallida, pagina superiore setulis sparsis et
marginem versus brevioribus et magis numerosis instructa, inferiore
ad nervos nervulosque crispatim puberula, costa supra conspicua
subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-8 supra conspicuis
subtus prominulis, petiolo ad 1 cm. longo suffulta ; stipulae deciduae.
Inflorescentia terminalis, pedxmculo communi 2*5-4-5 cm. longo
crispatim puberulo suffulta, 1-5 cm. diametro. Receptaculum
puberulum, x mm. longum. Calycis segmenta 0-5 mm. longa.
Corolla alba (ex Kerr), dorso subglabra vel omnino glabra, longitud-
inaliter alata ; tubus 3-75 mm. longus, intra 2 mm. supra basem
annulo pilorum alborum instructus ; lobi 3 mm. longi, 1-5 mm. lati.
Stamina ad pilorum annulum vix attingentia; filamenta brevia,
glabra, 0-5 mm. supra corollae tubi basem inserta ; antherae 1 mm.
longae. Stylus 3-5 mm. longus.

Muang Tak, M6 Mue, 200 m., common in deciduous forest, Kerr
6162.

Ophiorrhiza membranacea Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; abO.
gracili Kurz foliis latioribus brevius acuminatis, bracteis conspicuis
sub anthesin deficientibus distinguenda.

Caules herbacei, glabri Folia opposita, paribus inter se
aequalibus vel inaequalibus, ovato-ianceolata, oblongo-ovata, vel
subovata, apice acuminata vel subacuminata, obtusa, basi cuneata,
acuminato-cuneata, vel subtruncata, ad 16 cm. longa et 6 cm. lata,
membranacea, sicco viridia, subtus pallidiora, pagina superiore
setulis sparsis instructa, inferiore glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque
circa 12 supra subconspicuis subtus subprominulis, margine breviter
setuloso-ciliata, petiolo ad 4-5 cm. longo suffulta; stipulae deciduae.
Inflorescentia et terminalis et interdum ex axillis supremis orta,
pedunculo communi circa 2 cm. longo suffulta, ramis brevibus vel ad
2-5 cm, longis, bracteis parvis deciduis, pedicellis receptaculis paulo
brevioribus. Receptaculum circa 1-5 mm. longum, tenuiter costatum,
glabrum. Calycis segmenta* brevia. Corolla alba (ex Kerr ); tubus

143

5-5 mm. longus, intra paululo supra medium annulo angusto pilorum
alborum instructus ; lobi 5, circa 2 mm. longi, basi vix 1 mm. lati.
Stamina 5, filamentis 2-5 mm. longis glabris 1*5 mm. supra corollae
tubi basem affixis, antheris linearibus vix 2 mm. longis ad corollae
tubi apicem attingeijtibus. Stylus 2 mm. longus, glaber, stigmatibus
ambitu oblongo-lanceolatis subacutis.

Surat, Kao Nawng, 900-1000 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 13289.

Ophiorrhiza oblonga Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; ab 0 .
argentea Wall, ex G. Don foliis tenuioribus, corollae lobis oblongis,
ab 0 . fontinali Ridl. calycis segmentis conspicue longioribus recedit.

Rhizoma lignosum, repens, caules erectos 7-15 cm. altos primo
dense adpresse ferrugineo-pubescentes emittens. Folia opposita,
paribus inter se saepissime inaequalibus, oblongo-lanceolata lateve
lanceolata, apice saepissime subacute subacuminata, basi cuneata,
4-11 cm. longa, 1-2*3 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca supra plus minusve
fuscescentia, subtus pallida, pagina superiore marginem versus sparse
setulosa, aliter glabra, inferiore ad costam nervosque laterales parce
crispatim ferrugineo-puberula, nervis lateralibus utrinque ad 10
pagina utraque conspicuis vel superiore subconspicuis, petiolo
0*5-1 *4 cm. longo suffulta; stipulae angustae, circa 3 mm. longae,
saltern paucis diutius persistentibus. Inflorescentia terminalis,
pedunculo communi 1-2*5 cm - longo breviter adpresse ferrugineo-
pubescente suffulta, vix 1 cm. longa, ad 2 cm. lata; pedicelli
receptaculo subaequilongi. Receptaculum circa 1 mm. longum,
costatum, furfuraceo-puberulum. Calycis segmenta 5, anguste
deltoidea, circa 0*5 mm. longa. Corolla alba (ex Kerr), extra infeme
parce furfuraceo-puberula; tubus 5 mm. longus, intra paulo infra
medium annulo pilorum alborum instructus; lobi 2*25 mm. longi,
dorso medio carinati. Stamina fere ad corollae tubi apicem atting-
entia ; filamenta 2*5 mm. longa, 0*5 mm. supra corollae tubi basem
inserta; antherae 1*6 mm. longae. Stylus 1*5 mm. longus, glaber ;
stigmata plus minusve fusiformia, stylo subaequilonga.

Trang, Kao Soi Dao, 400 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 19157.

Ophiorrhiza patula Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; inter species
siamenses probabiliter 0 . hispidulae Wall, ex G. Don maxime affrnis
sed ab omnibus foliis subtus ad costam nervosque laterales pilis
ferrugineis sat longis divergentibus conspicue instructis distinguenda.

Caules ad 40 cm. alti, ferrugineo-pubescentes, basi lignosi, ad
2 mm. diametro. Folia saepissime elliptico-oblonga, apice acuminata
vel subacuminata, basi saepe parum inaequilateralia, cuneata vel
late cuneata, 3-7 cm. longa, 1*5-3 cm * la-ta, chartacea, sicca brun-
nescentia, subtus pallidiora, supra setulosa, setulis ferrugineis vel
raxius pallidis ad costam et marginem versus magis numerosis,
subtus ad costam pilis ferrugineis divaricatis dense instructa, ad
nervos laterales similiter sed minus densius tecta, aliter pilis
similibus sparse instructa, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 8 supra subconspicuis subtus prominulis,

144

nervulis paucis subtus conspicuis, petiolo 5-15 mm. longo indumento
ei caulium simili instructo suffulta ; stipulae filiformes, circa 5 mm.
longae, deciduae. Inflorescentia et caules et ramulos breves laterales
terminans, pedunculo communi 1*5-3 *5 cm. longo ferrugineo-
pubescente suffulta, 1-2*5 cm, diametro; pedicelli breves. Recept-
actdum ferrugineo-pubescens, 1 mm. longum. Calycis segmenta 5,
sublanceolata, subacuta, receptaculo subaequilonga, dorso ferrugineo-
pubescentia. Corolla punicea (ex Kerr), dorso ferrugineo-subpilosa;
tubus 5 nim. longus, intra medio annulo denso pilorum alborum
instructus; lobi 2 mm. longi, 1*25 mm. lati, dorso medio alati.
Discus camosus, conspicuus. Stamina 5, ad pilorum annulum baud
attingentia, filamentis brevibus glabris, antheris 1*25 mm. longis.
Stylus 3*75 mm. longus, pilis paucis instructus; stigmata 1 mm.
longa, basi 0*75 mm. lata, obtusa.

Prachuap, Kao Luang, 1200 m., open scrub, Kerr 10853.

Ophiorrhiza plumbea Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; ab O.
fontinali Ridl. calycis segmentis conspicue longioribus, ab 0 .
merguense (Hook, f.) foliis longioribus pro rata angustioribus
distinguenda.

Caules e rhizomate lignoso ad 13 cm. alti, iuventute dense
adpresse ferrugineo-subbirsuti. Folia opposita, paribus inter se
subaequalibus vel saepe valde inaequalibus, saepissime oblongo-
oblanceolata, apice obtuse acuminata vel subacuminata, rarius
subrotundata, basi longius cuneata, 3-13 cm. longa, 1*2-3 cm * lata,
subcbartacea, supra viridi-plumbea, subtus griseo-viridia, pagina
superiore marginem versus sparse adpresse setulosa, aliter glabra,
inferiore ad costam nervosque crispatim ferrugineo- vel griseo-
ferrugineo-puberula, costa supra conspicua saepe impressa subtus
prominente, nervis laterabbus utrinque 8-12 supra subconspicuis
subtus prominulis, nervulis paucis subtus conspicuis vel sub-
prominulis, petiolo ad 1*3 cm. longo suffulta; stipulae angustae,
ad 5 mm. longae, deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, densa,
pedunculo communi ad 4 cm. longo crispatim pallide ferrugineo-
puberulo suffulta, circa 1 cm. longa et 1*5 cm. lata; pedicelli
receptaculo breviores. Receptaculum 1 mm. longum, costatum,
puberulum. Calycis segmenta sublanceolata, circa 0*75 mm. longa.
Corolla alba, apice punicea (ex Kerr), extra longius puberula ; tubus
4*25 mm. longus, intra paulo supra medium annulo denso pilorum
alborum instructus; lobi 5, circa 2*25 mm. longi. Stamina 5, ad
pilorum annulum fere attingentia; filamenta 0*75 mm. longa,
0*75 mm. supra corollae tubi basem inserta; antherae 1*5 mm.
longae. Stylus 3 *5 mm. longus, pilis paucis oblique erectis instructus;
stigmata complanata.

Pang-nga, Kao Katakwam, 700 m., evergreen forest, Kerr
18430.

Ophiorrhiza Ridleyana Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; ab
affini 0 . scabrella Ridl. calycis segmentis conspicue maioribus inter
alia distinguenda.

145

Caulis erectus, 10-30 cm. altus, lignosus, basi ad 4 mm. diametro,
iuventute densius brevius crispatim pubescens, demum puberulus.
Folia late lanceolata vel oblongo-elliptica, apice saepissime sub-
acuminata, obtusa, basi cuneata vel subacuminata, saepe parum
inaequilateralia, 3 *5-8-5 cm. longa, 1-3-3 cm - lata, chartacea, sicco
supra viridia, subtus cinereo-viridia vel pallide brunnea, interdum
purpurea, supra setulis saepissime cito deciduis sparse instructa et
ad marginem setulis brevioribus magis numerosis persistentibus
scabridula, subtus ad costam nervosque breviter subbirsuta, costa
supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
6-8 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis, petiolo 5-10 mm. longo
supra canaliculato glabro aliter indumento ei caulis simili instructo
suffulta; stipulae deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbi-
formis, circa 1 cm. longa et 1-5 cm. diametro, pedunculo communi

1- 1*5 cm. longo densius breviter crispatim pubescente suffulta ;
bracteae angustae, circa 1-5 mm. longae, deciduae; flores albi (ex
Kerr), breviter pedicellati. Receptacidnm puberulum, 1-25 mm.
longum. Calycis segmenta 5, deltoidea, obtusa, paululo ultra 1 mm.
longa. Corollae tubus 3 mm. longus, dorso glaber, intra medio
annulo denso pilorum alborum instructus, lobi 5, suboblongi, circa
2 mm. longi, dorso glabri, intra marginem versus breviter hirsuti.
Stamina 5, filamentis 1*75 mm. longis glabris basem prope corollae
tubi insertis, antheris circa 1-25 mm. longis. Stylus 3-5 mm. longus,
pilis brevibus sparse instructus, stigmatibus latis obtusis.

Doi Sutep, 660 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 1174.

Ophiorrhiza ripicola Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; ab 0 .
Griffithii Hook. f. foliis floribusque sicco rubris, stipulis conspicue
minoribus distinguenda.

Cattles e rhizomate plures, erecti, circa 30 cm. alti, glabri, basi
lignosi, complanati et sulcati, sicco rubri. Folia opposita, paribus
inter se inaequalibus vel subaequalibus, parum variabilia, oblanceo-
lata, obovato-oblanceolata, oblongo-elliptica, vel subelliptica, apice
acute acuminata, basi cuneata vel acuminata, saepe parum inaequi¬
lateralia, 6-12 cm, longa, 2-4-8 cm. lata, chartaceo-membranacea,
sicco supra viridia, ad costam et saepe ad nervos laterales rubra,
subtus plus minusve rubra, supra setulis sparsis instructa, subtus
glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 10 inferioribus saepe rectis et
obliquis superioribus arcuatis et intra marginem anastomosantibus
supra conspicuis subtus prominulis, costa supra conspicua subtus
prominente, nervulis paucis pagina utraque conspicuis, petiolo
1 *3-3-5 cm. longo glabro supra canaliculato suffulta; stipulae
deciduae, lanceolatae vel oblongo-lanceolatae, usque ad 5 mm.
longae, integrae, glabrae. Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbiformis,
primo subnutans, circa 2 cm. diametro, pedunculo communi ad

2- 5 cm. longo suffulta, pedunculis partialibus 5-7 mm. longis cum
pedunculo communi bifacialiter puberulis et sicco rubris; bracteae
lanceolatae vel oblongo-oblanceolatae, apice angustatae, subacutae,
inferiores ad 10 mm. longae et 3 mm. latae, glabrae, sicco rubrae;

146

bracteolae bracteis similes sed tantum circa 6 mm. longae et 1*5 mm.
latae; pedicelli crassi, ad 2 mm. longi, dense crispatim puberuli.
Receptaculum oblatum, ad 1*5 mm. longum et 3-5 mm. latum,
infeme puberulum, supeme glabrescens. C alycis segmenta deltoideo-
lanceolata, obtusa, 1 mm. longa, 0-5 mm. lata, glabra. Corolla alba
(ex Garrett), sicco rubra, extra glabra; tubus 1*5 cm. longus, intra
parte triente inferiore glaber, supeme pilosus; lobi 5, oblongo-ovati,
subacuti, ad 6 mm. longi et 3 mm. lati, intra pilis paucis instructs
Stamina 5, filamentis 1*5 mm. longis glabris 9 mm. supra corollae
tubi basem insertis, antheris 275 mm. longis ad corollae tubi apicem
attingentibus. Discus camosus, conspicuus, calyce paululo altior.
Stylus stigmatibus duobus complanatis inclusis i*6 cm. longus,
puberulus.

Doi Angka, source of M6 Wak, 2425 m., in stream and on banks,
Garrett 326.

Ophiorrhiza Schmidtiana Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; inter
species siamenses antheris haud 2 mm. longis et corolla dorso glabra
et costata, inflorescentia et terminali et axOlari distinguenda.

Caules basi lignosi, 15-22 cm. alti, iuventute dense adpresse
ferrugmeo-subhirsuti. Folia opposita, paribus inter se subaequalibus
vel valde inaequalibus, saepissime oblongo-lanceolata, apice obtusa
vel subacuta, interdum subacuminata, basi cuneata, saepe inaequi-
lateralia, 3-7 cm. longa, 1-2*5 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca supra
viridia, subtus pallida, interdum purpureo-suffusa, pagina superiore
parce setulosa, setulis marginem versus magis numerosis et brevi-
oribus, inferiore ad costam nervosque crispatim ferrugineo-puberula,
costa supra conspicua saepe impressa subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 8-10 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis,
nervulis paucis subtus subprominulis, petiolo 5-12 mm. longo
suffulta; stipulae parvae, deciduae. Inflorescentia et terminahs
et axillaris, pedunculo communi 2-4 cm. longo primo dense ferru-
gineo-puberulo suffulta, ad 4 cm. lata ; pedicelli puberuli, receptaculo
subaequilongi vel eo paululo longiores. Receptacidum circa 1 mm.
longum, costatum, puberulum. Calycis segmenta 5, oblongo-
lanceolata, obtusa, circa 075 mm. longa. Corolla alba, purpureo-
suffusa (ex Kerr), extra glabra, costata; tubus 4*5 mm. longus,
intra medio annulo conspicuo pilorum alborum instructus; lobi 5,
elongato-deltoidei, 2 mm. longi, basi 1 mm. lati. Stamina e tubo
paululo exserta; filamenta circa 2*75 mm. longa, 0*5 mm. supra
corollae tubi basem inserta; antherae vix 2 mm. longae. Stylus
1 mm. longus; stigmata acuta, circa 0*75 mm. longa.

Sukotai, Kao Luang, 500 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 5911.

Ophiorrhiza subaequalis Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; inter
species ramulis glabris vel bifacialiter puberulis ponenda, corollae
lobis tubo tantum paululo brevioribus distinguenda.

Caules e rhizomate horizontali annui, ad 35 cm. alti, infeme
lignosi, iuventute bifacialiter crispatim puberuli, angulati, cito

147

glabri, teretes, usque ad 2-5 mm. diametro. Folia opposita, paribus
inter se aequalibus parumve maequalibus, oblongo-lanceolata,
oblanceolata, vel oblongo-obovata, apice obtuse subacuminata vel
acuminata, basi acuminata, ad 8*5 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, mem-
branacea, supra vindia, subtus pallide viridia, pagina superiore
setulis sparsis sed marginem versus magis numerosis inferiore setulis
similibus sed praesertim ad nervos laterales instructa, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 7-9 supra subconspicuis subtus subprominulis,
nervis transversis vix conspicuis, petiolo 6-12 mm. longo suffulta;
stipulae deciduae, subfiliformes, 3 mm. longae. Inflorescentia
terminalis, pedunculo communi circa 2 cm. longo crispatim puberulo
suffulta, circa 2 cm. diametro; pedicelli breves vel subnulli;
bracteae angustae, circa 3 mm. longae, deciduae. Receptaculum
suboblatum, costatum, circa 1*5 mm. longum, glabrum. Calycis
segmenta deltoidea, circa 0*5 mm. longa. Corolla alba (ex Kerr),
dorso glabra vel apice pauperius puberula ; tubus 2-5 mm. longus,
intra infeme glaber, apice densius barbatus ; lobi 5, lmeari-oblongi,
tubo subaequilongi, circa 0*5 mm. longi, intra glabri. Stamina 5,
filamentis 1-25 mm. longis 075 mm. supra corollae tubi basem
affixis, antheris 1 mm. longis ad corollae tubi apicem attingentibus.
Stylus 4 mm. longus, inconspicue puberulus, stigmatibus ambitu
subellipticis camosis.

Loi, Kao Krading, 1200 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 8953.

Ophiorrhiza subpunicea Craib [Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae]; 0 .
communi Ridl, et 0 . rosaceae Ridl. facie similis, ab ambabus calycis
segmentis maioribus et antheris conspicue longioribus recedit.

Caules erecti, 11-25 cm. alti, primo dense adpresse femigineo-
subhirsuti. Folia opposita, paribus inter se subaequalibus vel
conspicue inaequalibus, saepissime oblongo-elliptica vel oblongo-
lanceolata, apice acute acuminata vel subacuminata, basi saepissime
maequilateralia, cuneata, acuminata, velrariusrotundata, 5 *5-11 cm.
longa, 1 *5-3 *5 cm. lata, sicca plus minusve rubro-suffusa, subtus
palhdiora, membranaceo-chartacea, supra ad marginem breviter
setulosa, aliter glabra vel parce setosa, subtus ad costam nervosque
crispatim ferrugineo-puberula, costa pagma utraque conspicua,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 8-10 pagina utraque conspicuis, petiolo
5-13 mm. longo suffulta; stipulae circa 4 mm. longae, deciduae.
InflorescenUa terminalis, pedunculo communi 1-2 cm. longo indu-
mento brevi adpresso ferrugineo tecto suffulta; bracteae parvae,
deciduae; pedicelli breves vel receptaculo subaequilongi. Recept-
actdum circa 1 mm. longum, costatum, praesertim infeme densius
adpresse ferrugineo-puberulum. Calycis segmenta lanceolata,
acuta, circa o-6 mm, longa. Corolla puniceo-alba (ex Kerr) ; tubus
5 mm. longus, primo costatus, extra parce ferrugineo-puberulus,
intra paululo infra medium annulo pilorum alborum instmctus et
supra annulum furfuraceo-puberulus; lobi 1*5 mm. longi, intra
furfuraceo-puberuli. Stamina ad corollae tubi os attingentia;
filaments 3 mm. longa, 1 mm. supra corollae tubi basem affixa;

148

antherae 2-25 mm. longae. Stylus 175 mm. longus, glaber;
stigmata fusiformia, acuta, circa 1 mm. longa.

Satul, Kao Keo Range, 700 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 14526.

Chirita Elphinstonia Craib [Gesneriaceae-Cyrtandreae]; a C.
Marcanii Craib floribus minoribus magis numerosis, a C. oculata
Craib coroUae tubo intra bimaculato inter alia recedit.

Herba erecta, caule supeme ramoso ad 90 cm. alto basi usque
ad 2*5 cm. diametro glabro vel pilis perpaucis hie et illic instructo
nitido viridi, intemodns infeme purpureo-suffusis, infeme lenticellis
paucis conspicuis pallidis instmeto. Folia opposita, elliptica vel
oblonga, rarius obovato-oblonga, basi truncata, ad 15 cm. longa et
9 cm. lata, supra viridia, subtus pallide viridia, pagina superiore
pilis erectis molliter pubescentia, inferiore pilis brevioribus magis
rigidis sparsioribus instructa, nervis lateralibus utrinque paulo ultra
20 supra parum impressis subtus prominentibus, nervulis fere
omnibus obscuris, margine ciliata, petiolo valido ad 3 cm. longo
suffulta. Cymae cum ramulis petiolo adnatae, pedunculis partialibus
usque ad 2 mm. inter se liberis, pedicellis sub anthesin adscenden-
tibus mox erectis demum recurvis circa 1 cm. longis superne paulo
incrassatis saepissime pilis paucis postice longitudinaliter instructis.
Calyx viridis; segmenta 5, lineari-lanceolata, subobtusa, ad 11 mm.
longa, dorso medio pilis sparsis rigidis instructa. Corolla lutea, tubo
intra ad staminum insertionem purpureo-maculato, dorso breviter
pubescens; tubus 15 mm. longus, _ a medio supeme ampliatus;
labium posticum e lobis duobus 4 mm. longis 6 mm. latis constitutum,
intra infeme pilis glanduloso-capitatis instructum; lobus anticus
circa 9 mm. longus et latus, lateralibus maior. Stamina 2, inclusa,
antheris inter se connatis pallidis conspicue albo-barbatis, filamentis
4 mm. longis. Discus brevis, pistilli basem cingens. Ovarium circa
6 mm. longum, supeme breviter sparse pubescens; stylus 1 cm.
longus, sparse breviter pubescens, stigmate papilloso breviter
bilamellato.

Described from plants raised at Aberdeen from seed of Mar can
2561, collected at Ban Keng, 30 m., limestone hill.

XVII.—ERYTHROPHYSA ALATA. J. Hutchinson.

Amongst a number of photographs of paintings of plants, made
for Governor van der Stel on his expedition to Namaqualand in 1685,
and submitted to Kew for determination by Professor Waterhouse
of Trinity College, Dublin, was one which from description might be
Fagara data Eckl. & Zeyh. The type specimen of this was obtained
from Sonder’s herbarium in Vienna, and although a barren shoot,
was no doubt the same species as depicted in the drawing. A further
examination and search, however, showed the species to be mis¬
placed in the family Rutaceae to which the genus Fagara belongs,
and it was found to be identical with Erythrophysa undulata E. Mey.,
a genus belonging to the Sapindaceae.

149

Copy of photograph, of painting of Erythrophysa alata (Eckl. & Zeyh )
Hutch, made for Governor van der Stel in Namaqualand in 1685.
Reproduced by permission of Professor G Waterhouse, Trinity College,
Dublin.

Fagara data was first collected by Ecklon and Zeyher, and they
published a short description in their Enumeration in 1835 (p. 118).
Harvey in the Flora Capensis vol. i (p. 446), retained it with con¬
siderable doubt in the Rutaceae as a species of Xanthoxylon, the name
at that time in use for Fagara. Harvey and Bonder still had only
the single barren specimen in the latter's herbarium, and they failed
to connect it with Erythrophysa undulata E Mey. included by them
on p. 238 of the same work. As the name Fagara alata is older
than Erythrophysa undulata, the following new combination is
necessary:—

Erythrophysa alata (Eckl. & Zeyh) Hutch, comb. nov.

Fagara alata Eckl. & Zeyh. Enum. 118 (1835). Xanthoxylon ?
datum Steud. Nom. ed. 2, ii. 796 (1841); Harv. in Harv. *& Sond.
FI. Cap. i. 446. Erythrophila undulata Am. in Hook Joum, Bot.
iii. 258 (1841). Erythrophysa undulata E. Mey. in Drege Zwei

150

Pflanzengeogr. Docum. 183, nomen (1843); Harv. & Sond. FI.
Cap. i. 237 (i860).

Distribution :—Clanwilliam Div. : near Louisfontein, Ecklon &
Zeyher 923. Little Namaqualand : common on hillside above Twee
Rivieren, fr. Sept., Pearson 6498; granite slopes on both sides of
pass north of Garies, fr. Dec., Pearson 5624. Brackdam, 1500 ft.,
fr. Sept., Schlechter 11,112; Uitkomst, 2000-3000 ft., fl. Aug.,
Drege ; near Ookiep, Foxwell ; bewteen Ookiep and Spektakel,
about 2000 ft., fr. Aug.-Sept., Bolus 9486.

XVIII.—NOTES ON AFRICAN GRASSES : XII*

S. M. Stent.

A New Genus from the Orange Free State.
Tarigidia Stent, gen. nov. ; affinis Digitariae Hall., sed spiculis in
ramis brevibus paniculae spiciformis dispositis, gluma inferiore
elongata differt.

Spiculae anguste ellipticae, elliptico-lanceolatae vel lanceolato-
oblongae, subacutae vel acutae, muticae, dorso compressae, infra
glumas tarde disarticulatae, dense imbricatae, secundae, in ramis
brevibus paniculae spiciformis dispositae. Anthoecia duo : inferius
ad lemma redactum; superius $. Glumae dissimiles, spicula
breviores; inferior abaxialis, lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata,
tenuiter acuta vel acuminata, firrae membranacea, uni- vel trinervis;
superior ovata, acuta vel subacuminata, membranacea, trinervis,
pilosa. Anbhoecium inferum sterile: lemma spiculam aequans,
elliptico-oblongum vel oblongo-lanceolatum, acutum, 7-nerve,
pilosum, firme membranaceum; palea minuta, hyalina, biloba.
Anthoecium superum §, inferum aequans, late lanceolatura,
acutum: lemma explanatum late ellipticum, obtusum, trinerve,
tenuiter chartaceum, marginibus planis membranaceis; palea
lemma aequans, tenuiter chartacea, binervis. Lodiculae minutae,
cuneatae. Stamina 3, antheris linearibus. Styli basi connati;
stigmata plumosa. Caryopsis ignota.—Gramen perenne ; foliorum
laminae lineares; panicula angusta; rami basi disarticulati;
spiculae pilosae.

Species 1, Africae australis incola.

T. aequiglumis Stent, comb. nov. ; species unica. Gramen
perenne, dense caespitosum, 1-1*5 m. altum, innovationibus intra-
vaginalibus. Culmi e rhizomate brevi erecti vel geniculato-
adscendentes, teretes, subvalidi, simplices vel ramosi, 3-5-nodes,
glabri laevesque, infra paniculam tenuiter striati. Foliorum vaginae
carinatae, laxiusculae, chartaceae, marginibus tenuibus, inferiores
intemodiis aequales vel longiores, plus minusve pilosae vel villosae,
superiores intemodiis breviores, glabrescentes vel glabrae, ore
auriculatae, auriculis ad ligulam adnatis; ligulae oblongae, truncatae,
ad 5 mm. longae, tenuiter membranaceae, glabrae; laminae anguste

* Continued from K,B. 1929, 323.

lineares, apice tenuiter acutae vel subsetaceae, ad 25 cm. longae,

3- 4 mm. latae, planae, supra ubique et subtus apicem versus
scaberulae, ceterum laeves, glabrae vel basin versus pills paucis
pilosae, pone ligulam saepe breviter dense pubescentes, costa media
tenui albida infra prominente, marginibus cartilagineis. Panicula
erecta, cylindrica, spiciformis, densa vel infeme interrupta, 8-11 cm.
longa, 5-7 mm. lata, villosa', pallida vel purpurea; rhachis

4- angulata vel triquetra, angulis scaberulis, glabra vel nodis breviter
barbata; rami subtriquetri, secundi, usque basin dense spiculati,
erecti, appressi, basi molliter pilosi, marginibus sparse ciliati et
scaberuli, inferiores 1-1-5 cm. longi, superiores sensim decrescentes;
pedicelli bini, brevissimi, teretes. Spiculae 4-4-5 mm. longae.
Gluma inferior 2*5-3 mm - longa, glabra vel dorso sparse pilosa,
marginibus scabridis ; gluma superior 2-75-3-5 mm. longa, margin¬
ibus et inter nervos longe denseque pilosa, apice subglabra et
scaberula. Anthoecium mferum : lemma supra medium secus
Carinas pilis patentibus moflibus ad 2-5 mm. longis e tuberculis ortis
pilosum, raro etiam infra medium inter nervos pilosum. Anthoecium
superum : lemma glabrum, pallide stramineum. Antherae 2-2-5 mm.
longae.— Anthephora aequiglumis Goossens in Trans. Roy. Soc. S.
Afr. xx. 195, fig. 3 (1932).

South Africa. Orange Free State: Hoopstad District;
Odendaalsrust, on an empty plot, Schultz in Nat. Herb. Pretoria
8344 (type). Kroonstad District; Groenebloem Station, Potts
2674.

The structure of the spikelet is very similar to that of Digitaria,
but the elongated lower glume and the type of inflorescence place
Tarigidia beyond the limits of that genus. The lemma of the upper
floret has the same characteristic flattened broad thin margins,
whilst the very much reduced palea of the sterile lower floret may be
found attached to the base of the upper floret as in the genus
Digitaria. It is probable that the spikelets are often more or less
persistent as the short branches easily disarticulate at the base from
the rhachis of the inflorescence. This character, together with the
spieiform panicle and the somewhat similar structure of the spikelets,
no doubt led Mr. Goossens to place our plant in the genus Anthephora.

The name Tarigidia is an anagram of Digitaria.

XIX.—NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA:
I. Miscellaneous observations. R. A. Dyer.

Malvaceae.

Pavonia Burchellii (DC.) R. A. Dyer , comb. nov.—The necessity
for this new combination is indicated in the following notes. De
Candolle, Prodr. i. 438 (1824), described Burchdl 2557 as Althaea
Burchellii, a plant to which Burchell in his Catalogue MSS. had
applied the name Urena pilosa. Confusion in the identity of
BurchelTs plant was first caused by Ecklon and Zeyher, Plant. Afr.
Austr. 37 (1835), who erroneously referred their no. 300 to Althaea

152

Burchellii DC. Thus Harvey, in Harv. & Sond. FI. Cap. i. 159
(1859-60), who had not seen BurchelTs type, retained De Candolle’s
original diagnosis, and at the same time made the following note on
Ecklon and Zeyher’s specimen :—" The plant distributed by E.
& Z. under this name is an undoubted Pavonia ( P. mollis E. Mey.).”

Ulbrich, in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. Ivii. 125 (1922), places Pavonia
macrophylla E. Mey. ex Harv. as a synonym of the older name P.
Kraussiana Hochst. (1844) and cites with the former, Burchell 2557,
and again cites the number in the text, but makes no reference there
to Althaea Burchellii DC. (1824) °f which, as stated, Burchell 2557
is the type. Subsequently, however, Ulbrich, l.c. 135, evidently
basing his opinion on Harvey, l.c., cites ” Althaea Burchellii Eckl. et
Zeyh. (n.300) DC. Prodr. l.c.” and Pavonia mollis E. Mey. as synonyms
of P. columella Cav. (1787).

Both Burchell 2557 and Ecklon and Zeyher 300 are in Kew
Herbarium and are entirely distinct. On the other hand the type
specimens of Pavonia macrophylla E. Mey. ex Harv. and P. Kraus-
siana Hochst. agree very closely with BurchelTs plant. P.
Burchellii occurs frequently in the Karroo and karroid areas
throughout the Cape, extending to Orange Free State, Natal and
Transvaal.

The main synonymy is as follows :— Althaea Burchellii DC. l.c.
(1824); Vrenx pilosa Burch. Cat. 2557 ex DC. l.c.; Pavonia
Kraussiana Hochst. in Flora, xxvii. 293 (1844); P. macrophylla E.
Mey. ex Harv.

Pavonia Meyeri Mast, in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. i. 191 (1868).
Although Ulbrich, l.c., cites the South African species P. mollis
E. Mey. ex Harv. and P. Meyeri Mast, as synonymous with P.
columella Cav., a Bourbon species, it is considered that the plants
represent distinct species. P. mollis E. Mey. ex Harv. (1859),
however, is a later homonym of P. mollis H. B. & K. Nov. Gen. et
Sp. v. 282 (1821). In consequence Masters, l.c., applied the specific
epithet P. Meyeri to the South and Central African plants and this is
therefore resuscitated.

The main synonomy is :—P. mollis E. Mey. ex Harv. non H. B.
& K. l.c.; Althaea Burchellii Eckl. & Zeyh. non DC. l.c.; Pavonta
columella Ulbr. l.c. in part, non Cav.

Tiliaceae.

Corchorus aspleniifolius Harv. in Harv. & Sond. FI. Cap. i. 229
(1859-60), non Burch. It is very probable that Harvey’s descrip¬
tion, l.c., was made from Dr. Atherstone’s specimen which he cites
doubtfully from Grahamstown. He had none of BurchelTs speci¬
mens at his disposal at the time. There is also reason to believe
that Dr. Atherstone’s plant actually came from Bechuanaland, for
he made botanical collections in that area, and presumably later
posted them from Grahamstown where he was domiciled. Further,
Dr. Atherstone’s specimen agrees very closely with Burchell 2337

153

from Last Water Station in the Chooi Desert, and 2431 from near
Knruman, Bechuanaland. As stated, Harvey had not seen Burchett
1737, the type of C. aspleniifolius Burch., and it is quite distinct from
the above three specimens, which must therefore be given a new
name.

Hochreutiner, Jard. Bot. Geneve, 125 (1914), described Corchorus
arenicola based on a specimen from Litakoun in Bechuanaland, and
it appears from his description and notes that Burchett 2337, 243 1
and Dr. Atherstone’s plant may well be placed under C. arenicola
Hochr., with C. aspleniifolius Harv. non Burch, as a synonym.

Sterculiaceae.

Hermannia stellulata {Harv) K. Schum . in Engl. Mon. Afr. PI.
v. 74. In view of my note under Corchorus aspleniifolius Harv.
non Burch., questioning the validity of the locality of Dr. Atherstone’s
plant cited by Harvey, the present case is also of importance. The
type of Mahernia stellulata Harv. in Harv. & Sond. FI. Cap. i. 216
(1859-60) is quoted from Grahamstown, without collector’s name.
One might well take Corchorus aspleniifolius Harv. and Mahernia
stellulata Harv. as an example of parallel development, for their
vegetative appearance is remarkably similar. I have seen no other
specimen from Grahamstown which agrees with the type of Mahernia
stellulata Harv., but as in the case of Corchorus aspleniifolius, speci¬
mens collected by Burchell (2334) in Bechuanaland, agree very closely.
This suggests that the type of Mahernia stellulata Harv. came from
Bechuanaland and not from near Grahamstown. Evidence which
greatly strengthens this view is the presence of the same micaceous
sand adhering to both Burchell’s specimen and the type. A further
examination of Dr. Atherstone’s plant of Corclwrus aspleniifolius
Harv. non Burch, established the presence of a small amount of the
same type of sand. This plant and the type of Mahernia stellulata
Harv. without collector’s name were both in Herb. Hook, (now Herb.
Kew.) and it is suggested that the latter was also collected by
Dr. Atherstone in Bechuanaland.

Hermannia jacobeifolia ( Turcz) R. A. Dyer, comb. nov.—Harvey,
in Harv. & Sond. FI. Cap. i. 212 (1859-60), quotes this species as a
synonym of Mahernia bpinnata Linn, which appears to have been
first validly published by De Candolle, Prod. i. 496 (1824), and in the
Index Kewensis De Candolle is given as the author. Glover, Ann.
S. A. Mus. ix. 197 (19x5), made the combination Hermannia bpinnata
(Linn.) Glover " {Mahernia bpinnata Linn. non. Burch.)," and
evidently overlooked the fact that Burchell published his plant as a
Hermannia and not a Mahernia . Thus, according to the Inter¬
national Code, Hermannia bpinnata Glover is a later homonym and
must have a new name. The oldest valid synonym has therefore
been resuscitated.

The main synonymy is as follows:— Mahernia jacobeaefolia
Turcz. Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxi, 220 (1858); Mahernia pinnata

154

Cav. Diss. vi. t. 176, fig. 2 (1788) non Linn. ; Mahemia bipinnata
Linn, ex DC. Prod. i. 496 (1824) excl. syn. Hermannia pinnaia Linn.
Sp. PI. ii. 943 (1763) ? ; Mahernia bipinnata Harv. in Harv. &
Sond. FI. Cap. i. 212 (1859-60) ; Hermannia bipinnata (Linn.)
Glover, l.c., non Burch., Trav. i. 310 (1822).

The type of this species is Dregs 7316 (in part) collected in the
Graaff Reinet Div. on the Sneeuwbergen, 5000 ft. This specimen
was also quoted by Harvey, l.c. The species occurs occasionally in
the Karroo of the Cape and Orange Free State and extends eastwards
to the Zwart Kei River. This latter locality is recorded on Mrs.
Barber’s specimen in the Kew Herbarium and instead of Albany
Div., Queenstown Div. should be substituted.

Hermannia resedifolia {Burch, ex DC.) R. A. Dyer, comb. nov.
This species is very closely allied to H. jacobeifolia (Turcz.) R. A.
Dyer, but differs in the leaves being pinnate, not bipinnate, and
Burchdl 2280 (type) collected near the source of Moshowing River
near Takun, Bechuan aland, is more luxuriant and less glandular-
pubescent than Drege 7316. Other specimens, however, show a
breaking down of the differences. With a larger range of specimens
accompanied by field notes, it might be found necessary to unite
the two species in which case H. resedifolia (DC.) R. A. Dyer would
have priority.

Plumbaginaceae.

In view of the fact that the South African plants previously
included in the genus Statice Linn, must be referred to Lwnomum
Mill. (Sprague in Joum. Bot. lxii. 267), it is necessary to make four
new combinations. They are as follows:—L. amoenum (C. H.
Wright) R. A. Dyer ; L. anthericoides ( Schlechter ) R. A. Dyer ; L.
avenaceum (C.H. Wright) R. A. Dyer ; L. equisetinum (Boiss.)R. A.
Dyer. All the other combinations except L. purpuratum (Linn.)
Hubbard, were made by O. Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Plant, ii. 395-6.

XX.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Mr. John Courrs.—The Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries
has appointed Mr. J. Coutts, Assistant Curator in charge of the
Decorative Department, as Curator in succession to the late Mr. T. W.
Taylor.

Dr. N. E. Brown. —The University of the Witwatersrand,
Johannesburg, has conferred the Honorary Degree of Doctor of
Science on Mr. N. E. Brown, A.L.S., in recognition of his work on the
S. African flora. At the request of the Professor of Botany of the
University and to mark the conferment of the degree, the Director
presented Dr. Brown to his colleagues in the Herbarium of the
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, on March 19th.

i55

Thomas William Taylor. —The death of Mr. T. W. Taylor on
March 4th, which we recorded with deepest regret in the last number
of the Bulletin, is another very sad loss to Kew. Mr. Taylor was
taken ill last December and went into hospital for treatment hoping
that only a slight operation would be necessary. After some weeks
in hospital, during which time his illness became of a painful nature,
an operation was performed and revealed that his condition was
critical, and though he rallied well he succumbed a week after the
operation had been performed.

Mr. Taylor’s untimely death at the early age of 53, so soon after
his appointment to the responsible position of Curator, in May 1929,
is a great loss to the personnel of the establishment, and all the more
so since it has occurred so soon after the lamented death of Dr. T. F.
Chipp.

Mr. Taylor was bom in Gloucestershire in June 1878, but by
association he was more a man of our own neighbourhood, for his
father was gardener at Manor House, Ham, and it was under him
that he started his career; afterwards he acquired experience at
Heythrop Park, on the borders of his native county, and in the famous
nurseries of Messrs. James Veitch & Son. He entered Kew as a
Student Gardener in 1902, and was promoted to the. position of
Foreman of the Temperate House in 1906, and later, with the title
Assistant Curator, he had charge of all the Tropical Departments.
He was promoted to the office of Curator on the retirement of
Mr. W. J. Bean. His rise to this, the most important post in
botanical horticulture, was due to his great skill as a cultivator,
his industry, his capacity as a manager of men, and his love for
and great knowledge of plants, especially of Orchids. While
he was in charge of the Tropical Departments he was sent by the
Director on a tour to the East, and visited Malaya, Java and Ceylon
for the purpose of studying tropical vegetation under its native
conditions, and more especially to collect and bring home stocks of
bananas for cultivation, under quarantine conditions, at Kew for ulti¬
mate transmission to the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture,
Trinidad. This was in connection with the research work which is
being carried on there in the breeding of strains of bananas resistant
to the Panama disease, which is threatening the banana industry
in the west Indies This visit to the Tropics, the first ever under¬
taken by a Curator of Kew, was rendered possible by the grant to
Kew from the Empire Marketing Board for the development of the
cultivation of economic plants within the Empire.

On his return to Kew, Mr. Taylor had the opportunity of applying
the result of his experience in a practical manner, for plans for
carrying out certain alterations in the Tropical Fern House just then
received sanction from H.M. Office of Works, and the arrangement
of the south bay of the house in the semblance of a Tropical forest
was carried out under Mr. Taylor’s supervision and may be regarded
as a very fitting tribute to his memory. The proper display of

Epiphytic and Tree Ferns in this house is not only beautiful but also
of great educational value. His experience was further enlarged by
a visit a few years ago to the wonderful gardens on the French and
Italian Riviera.

Mr. Taylor was greatly interested in the new Cactus House
presented by Mrs. Sherman Hoyt and it was one of his great regrets,
while he was in hospital, that he was not able to take any part in the
planting and arrangement of the house.

The funeral was attended by the Director and a large number of
present and past members of the Kew Staff and by representatives
of the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries and H.M. Office of Works.

George Claridge Druce. —With the death of Dr. G. C. Druce,
F.R.S., which occurred at Oxford on the 29th February, there
passed away the most widely known and greatest of British field
botanists of the last 50 years. Druce was bom at Potterspury,
Northamptonshire, on 23rd May, 1850. Apprenticed at the age of 15
to a chemist in Northampton he remained in that city after the
completion of his apprenticeship and until he purchased a Pharmacy
in The High, Oxford, in 1879. From that year till his death he made
his home in Oxford. In his Flora of Buckinghamshire, Introduction,
pp. cvi-cx (Arbroath, 1926), and in the Flora of Northamptonshire,
Introduction, pp. cxxi-cxiii (Arbroath, 1930), Druce published some
autobiographical details which would be well worth quoting if space
permitted.

Few, even among those who have lived as long as Druce did, can
have led a more active life. He travelled in many parts of the world.
The success of his business and of his other investments showed that
he possessed considerable financial ability. His services to the City
of Oxford, to the University (as Curator of the Fielding Herbarium),
to the Ashmolean Natural History Society, and to Freemasonry
have been fully recognised. As a botanist he is best known for his
series of excellent county floras (Oxfordshire, ed. i. 1886, ed. ii.
1927 ; Berkshire, 1897; Buckinghamshire, 1926; Northampton¬
shire, 1930), his editions of Hayward's Botanist’s Pocket Book
(editions 13-19), the List of British Plants (ed. i. 1908, ed. ii. 1928),
and the Comital Flora of the British Isles (published during the
week of his death). From 1903 until his death he was Secretary of
the Botanical Society and Exchange Club of the British Isles, to the
Reports of which he contributed many valuable, and often extensive,
papers. With Prof. S. H. Vines he published accounts of the
Dillenian Herbarium (Oxford, 1907) and of tfie Morisonian Herbarium
(Oxford, 1914), both based on collections in the possession of the
University of Oxford.

Many honours were awarded to Druce, of which the degrees
conferred on him by the Universities of Oxford and St. Andrew's and
the Fellowship of the Royal Society were probably most appreciated.
He always enjoyed a wide range of popularity, and at times seemed

157

to court it, yet those who knew him intimately realised the essential
simplicity of his character which was, indeed, obvious in the
unaffected nature of his home life. Drace did not suffer fools gladly,
but he always gave the best help he could to any who sincerely
desired it. The following words from the address of the City Rector
at the funeral service are the concise truth and bear repetition :
"No matter from what angle one might look back over the long
career of Dr. Drace, no matter by what criterion one might examine
and appraise its story, there was no denying that throughout its
course it was that of an exceptional man—exceptional in personality,
in vision, in intellectual endowment, in insatiable passionateness of
interest, in heroic independence of circumstance, in manifold and
outstanding achievement” (Oxford Times, 4.3.32.).

It is understood that Druce’s extensive collections of specimens
and books are to remain at Oxford and be accessible to bona fide
students. But Oxford without Drace will never be quite the same.

w. B. T.

Sixth International Botanical Congress. —The following
note has been received from the Secretary, Dr. M. J. Sirks :
"According to a decision by the Fifth International Botanical
Congress at Cambridge in 1930, the Sixth Congress will be held in
Holland in 1935. An Executive Committee has been formed, the
President of which is Professor Dr. F. A. F. C. Went (Utrecht), while
Professor Dr. J. C. Schoute (Groningen) will act as Vice-President,
Dr. W. C. de Leeuw (Bilthoven) as Treasurer and Dr. M. J. Sirks
(Wageningen) as Secretary. The Committee has decided that the
Congress will meet at Amsterdam, September 9th-i4th, 1935.
Scientific Societies are kindly requested to reckon with these dates
in planning their own meetings.”

Types of Vegetation in Southern Rhodesia.* —Very often,
nowadays, a botanist may know little about forestry and a forester
little about botany. This is not true, however, of Mr. J. S. Henkel,
Chief of the Division of Forests, Southern Rhodesia, who has pub¬
lished a very readable and interesting account of the vegetation of
that region. As a forester he has had exceptional opportunities of
studying the flora over considerable areas of the colony, and this
valuable paper is the result of 11 years' observations. Although
there are no really high mountains with subalpine vegetation, such
as in East Africa, the distinct types of soil give rise to very marked
vegetation formations.

The soils are grouped under four main heads as follows:—
(1) the red clay soil (2) granitic soil (3) sandy soil and (4) the black
soil of the vleis and plateaux, the last so painfully familiar to the
motorist there and in South Africa as " black turf.” It is this soil

•By J. S. Henkel, Chief, Division of Forests, Southern Rhodesia; Proc.
Rhodesia Scientific Association, xxx. pp. 22, with 5 maps (1931).

158

which makes road travel in Rhodesia so difficult in the rainy season.
On the red soil various species of Acacia are dominant; on the
granite Parmarium, Protea and Faurea, whilst a characteristic plant
on the granite kopjes is the interesting " resurrection plant"
Myrothamnus flabellifolia Welw.; on the sandstone sods the
beautiful Terminalia sericea, Burkea africana, and Brachystegia spp.
are the dominant trees. The black soil is characteristic of the
" vleis ” and is usually devoid of trees. It occurs mainly in those
places where the subsurface drainage is poor and becomes water¬
logged during the rains. This soil carries a heavy crop of coarse
grass sometimes as high as 15 ft. Alluvial soils are not extensive
owing to the steepness of the river grades, but " pockets ” of
alluvium are sometimes found in the middle veld at the entrance to
river “ poorts ”; such places, it is surprising to learn, are frost-
hollows, and the occurrence of early or late spring frosts is actually
the cause of the absence of many species of trees from these otherwise
favourable localities. Frosts occur in the high and middle veld, and
are often very severe. There is a frost line in both the Zambesi and
Limpopo valleys, and it is traceable by the boundary of the
" Mopane ” and Hyphaene ventricosa. In the low veld alluvial soils
are more common and it is this deposit that carries the dominant
“ Mopane " Copaifera mopane Kirk, which is so abundant from the
foot of the Zoutpansberg in the Northern Transvaal to the Lundi
River {see KB, 1931, 227).

One of the most interesting of Mr. Henkel’s statements relates to
the effect of the advent of Europeans, previous to which the country
supported immense numbers of wild animals. Huge herds moving
about caused tracks which prevented or limited the spread of fires
during the dry season. Since the reduction m numbers of big game,
annual fires have become a serious biotic factor, and have destroyed
vast tracts of valuable timber. There are now hundreds of square
miles covered with short coppice growth which formerly carried a
forest of large trees.

Motoring through Southern Rhodesia one finds parts of the roads
“ made up ” "with soil taken from neighbouring termite heaps.
These vary in size according to situation, from small and inconspic¬
uous heaps to huge mounds in the forest having a diameter of 60 ft.
and a height of 20 ft. They carry a very interesting flora, in fact a
new flora as compared with that surrounding them, and sometimes
very large trees which appear to be of considerable age.

Besides Contour, Temperature and Rainfall maps there is a well
executed provisional map of the vegetation types of Southern
Rhodesia, an enlarged edition of which is available. To those who,
like the present reviewer, have only visited Rhodesia for a short
time in the dry season and have found the vegetation of great
interest, this paper by Mr. Henkel will be very valuable indeed,
especially as it is characterised by an almost entire absence of the
formidable phraseology and terms with which many ecologists find it

159

necessary to arm themselves, but which often serve only to cloud and
obscure the more interesting facts associated with the study of
vegetation. J. H.

Horticultural Practices.*—This book, intended^ primarily
for the use of amateur and professional gardeners in fhe Bombay
Presidency plains, has been written by men who are practical
horticulturists as well as trained scientists. A surprisingly wide
field has been covered for so small a work and the treatmtent of every
part of the subject appears to be adequate. Space has been saved
by the rigid exclusion of all illustrations. Though it cannot com¬
pare in size and appearance with Firminger’s “ Manual,” the last
edition of which was issued in 1904, it has the advantage of being up
to date and practical.

A species new to the European flora.—Mr. L. C. Pinatzi,
of Athens, has forwarded to the writer a specimen which has been
determined as Valerianella orientalis (Schlecht.) Boiss. et Balansa.
The specimen was collected on Mt. Pames, Attica, at 500 m., in April
1924, and the species was found there only on that occasion. V.
orientalis was originally described by Schlechtendal (Linnaea, xvii.
126 : 1843) as Fedia orientalis from material collected “ in lapidosis
collinum pr. Aleppo, d. 19, April, leg. Kotschy.” Boissier and
Balansa (Boiss. Diagn. ser. 2, ii. 120 : 1856) removed the species to
Valerianella (Sect. Locustae) and Boissier (Flor. Or. iii. 103 : 1875)
retains it in this genus but places it in the Section Cornigerae. The
species must not be confused with Valerianella leiocarpa O. Kuntze
var. orientalis O. Kuntze ( Dufresnia orientalis DC., Valerianella
Dufresnia Bunge in Boiss. Flor. Or. iii. 109 : 1875).

V. orientalis (Schlecht.) Boiss. et Balansa is known from Asia
Minor (Troas, Lydia, Pamphylia), Syria, and Palestine. It is well
known that the Greek flora is taxonomicafly closely related to that
of Asia Minor and the occurrence of V. orientalis in Greece is simply
an addition to the many known examples of the same species growing
on both sides of the Aegean Sea. w. B. turrill.

*A Hand Book of Horticultural Practices, by G. B. Patvardhan and G. B.
Deshmukh. Published by Prof. G. B, Patvardhan, Balwant Bhuvan, Deccan
Gymkhana, Poona No. 4, 1931, pp. xvi +190. Pnco : Rs. 1-12-0.

Printed under tie authority of His Mawbm's SmiOH«aT Ornor.
By The South Esse* Eeoorders, Ltd,, High Eoad, Ufoid.

imi Wt. 115/89 97ft 4/82 S.EJR. Ltd. Qp. 9,

160

BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS
INFORMATION No. 4 1932

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS. KEW

XXI.—A REVISION OF THE GENUS LEYCESTERIA.
H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Nomenclature.

The genus Leycesteria was established by Nathaniel Wallich (in
Roxb., FI. Ind. ed. Carey & Wall. ii. 181: 1824), with a single
species, L. formosa, at that time new to science. The generic name
was given in honour of Wallich’s “ highly esteemed friend William
Leycester, Esq., chief judge of the principal native court under the
Bengal presidency ” (Wallich, l.c. 182). The spelling was modified
in 1828 by Reichenbach (Consp. 96) to Leycestera, which is in
accordance with Rec. IVb. of the International Rules, ed. 2 (1912),
and in 1838 by Endlicher (Gen. 568) to Leycestria* possibly on the
analogy of " Lancastria ” (Lancaster). In 1855 Pritzel (Ic. Bot.
Ind. i. 628) altered it to Leicester™,\ presumably on the ground that
the letter "y" did not occur in Latin (except in words of Greek
origin).| Although the form Leycestera is intrinsically preferable,
the original spelling Leycesteria must be retained under International
Rules, ed. 2, Art. 57.

Historical : (A) The Genus.

Wallich regarded the genus as belonging to “ the fifth section of
Rubiaceae (Juss. in M€m. du Mus. vi. 398), connecting it with the
family of Capnfoliaceae” He further remarked, ** it comes nearest
to Hamellia, ,> but “ by its connate bractes and persistent gemmaceous
scales it approaches to Capri folium.” It is an interesting fact,
though one of doubtful significance, that in K. Schumann’s key to the
Rubiaceae in Engler u. Prantl, Nat. Pfianzenf. iv. Abt. 4, Leycesteria
would certainly run down to the immediate neighbourhood of the
genus Hamelia, which Jussieu included in his fifth section; and
Reichenbach (Consp. 96: 1828) actually included Leycesteria in
Rubiaceae, tribe Hameliaceae . Achille Richard, however, writing in
1829, gave it as his opinion, based solely on Wallich’s description,
that Leycesteria belonged to the family Capnfoliaceae (M&n. Soc. Hist.

♦This spelling also occurs in Wight, Illustr. Ind. Bot. ii. 70 (1850), but on
p. 72 of the same work yet another variant is used, viz., Leycesierea 1
f Also in Wallich, PI. As. Rax. ii. t. 120 (1831), but not in the text.
fThe form Leucesiena in Meisner, PI. Vase. Gen. ii. 360 (1837-43) is
doubtless a misprint, since the original spelling is employed at i. 155 and ii.
Ill of the same work. For a similar reason the spelling Lycestena, occurring
in Joum. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. pt. 2, 77 (1870), is clearly a printer’s error.

161

Nat. Paris, v. 292 : 1834); and Sprengel (Linn. Gen. PL ed. 9, i. 177)
and De Candolle (Prodr. iv. 138) independently, in 1830, referred it to
that family also. Endlicher (Gen. i. 568 : 1838) placed it beside
Lonicera and Diervilla , and Bentham & Hooker (Gen. PI. ii. 5 :
1873) and Fritsch (Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iv. Abt. 4, 169 :
1891; including the genus Pentapyxis Hook, fil.) retained it in the
same position. ,

Historical : (B) The Species.

The genus remained monotypic for nearly half a century after
its original description. In 1870, Sulpiz Kurz described a plant,
from specimens sent to him from Sikkim by Anderson, under the
name “ Lomcera {Leycesteria) gracilis,” adding : " It is a Leycesteria,
a genus which, however, does not seem to me to differ from Lonicera”
(Joum. As. Soc. Beng. xxxix. pt. 2, 77: 1870). Kurz, therefore,
whilst treating the genus Leycesteria merely as a section of Lonicera,
nevertheless recognised that his species belonged to the same cate¬
gory (however designated) as that of Wallich. In view of what will
appear later, it is of interest to read his suspicion as to the affinity
of L. gracilis, expressed as follows: “I thought at first, I might
compare this species with L\onicera ]. glaucophylla H. f. and Th., but
judging from the description only it differs in every respect.”

In forming this opinion, Kurz showed shrewder judgment than
did C. B. Clarke, who, in dealing with the Caprifoliaceae for the
Flora of British India (iii. 1: 1880), reduced L. gracilis Kurz to
Leycesteria glaucophylla (Hook. fil. et Thoms.) comb, nov., attributing
the new combination (based upon Lonicera glaucophylla Hook. fil. et
Thoms.) to J. D. Hooker. The latter had previously (Gen. PI. ii. 6:
1873) referred L. glaucophylla to the genus Pentapyxis, but without
actually effecting the combination P. glaucophylla. Hooker seems to
have decided subsequently that Lonicera glaucophylla was a Leyces¬
teria, and to have informed C. B. Clarke verbally, since he neither
published the new combination himself, nor wrote it on the type
sheets in the Kew Herbarium. C. B. Clarke’s mistake in uniting
L. gracilis and L. glaucophylla was, however, based upon an earlier
misidentification, for which the responsibility appears to rest upon
either Hooker or Thompson or both. These two authors described
their Lonicera glaucophylla (Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 165 : 1858) from
sterile leafy branchlets collected by the former in January 1849 at
Yoksun,* near the base of Kinchinjunga, at about 1500 m. elevation.
Thomson revisited the locality some years later and obtained
flowering material of what he or Hooker took to be the same species
( L . glaucophylla) .f Fortunately, a small portion of one of Thomson’s
specimens was found in an envelope, labelled ” Yoksun, Sikkim, T.
Thomson, 1857 ” ia Hooker’s handwriting, attached to one of the
latter’s own type sheets of L. glaucophylla in the Kew Herbarium.

*Vide J. D. Hooker, Hunal. Joum. i. 334 (1854)

fVide Gard. Chron. & Agric. Gaz. [xviiu] 700 (1858).

162

Thomson’s fragment is beyond doubt the L. gracilis of Kurz ; for,
though it is possible to compare only the vegetative parts, the speci¬
mens of Hooker’s L. glaucophylla possess an extremely characteristic
indumentum on the under-surface of the leaves, which is very different
from that seen in L. gracilis. Moreover the presence of stipules in
L. glaucophylla and their absence in L. gracilis has since proved to be
a constant point of distinction. A further discussion of the confusion
in which these two species have been involved is given in the
enumeration {see p. 173).

The next species to be added to the genus was L. stipulata Fritsch,
comb. nov. (Engler u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iv. Abt. 4,169: 1891),
based upon Lonicera stipulata Hook. fil. et Thoms. This species
had also been referred to the genus Pentapyxis by Hooker in
the Genera Plantarum (l.c., 1873), the actual combination Pentapyxis
stipulata Hook. fil. being published (ex C. B. Clarke) in the Flora of
British India, iii. 17 (1880). Fritsch’s reduction of Pentapyxis to
Leycesteria seems fully justified, the distinguishing characters relied
upon by Hooker being insufficient to warrant its separation.

Leycesteria sinensis Hemsley was described and figured (Hook.
Ic. Plant, xxvii. t. 2633 : 1900) from material collected by Henry in
south-eastern Yunnan It is a close ally of L. formosa and its
taxonomic status has never been disputed.

In 1910, W. W. Smith collected in Sikkim and, a year later,
described and figured (Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xxiv. 173 :
1911) a supposed new species, L. Belliana W. W. Sm. It was stated
to be very closely allied to L. sinensis Hemsl., but the fact that it
possessed stipules suggested a comparison with the other stipulate
species of the genus, and careful examination led to the interesting
discovery that it was undoubtedly identical with L. glaucophylla
(Hook. fil. et Thoms.) Hook, fil., sensu stricto. Flowering material
of this species now being available, the differences between it and
L. gracilis (Kurz) are immediately obvious.

During his extensive travels in China, 1910-1920, Dr. W.
Limpricht collected a Leycesteria, which H. Winkler described
(Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov., Beih. xii. 493 : 1922) as a new species,
L. Limprichtii. This has been found to be the same as L. formosa
var. stenosepala of Rehder, who kindly furnished the writer with a
photograph of the type-specimen of Winkler’s species in Herb. Hort.
Bot. Breslau. Limpricht collected his material in September 1914,
some distance north of Ta-tsien-lu, in Szechuan, where, as Rehder
remarks (in lift.), the var. stenosepala “ seems to be the prevailing
form.”

The latest addition to the genus was collected by Capt. F. K.
Ward in Assam in 1928, and is described below as L. crocothyrsos,
sp. nov., the orange-coloured corollas being unique in the genus.
Its affinity appears to be with L. formosa, but the presence of stipules
at once distinguishes it. This is the third stipulate species of
Leycesteria now known.

163

Comparison with other Caprifoliaceous Genera.

Horae (Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, viii. 251: 1914) has referred
to Leycesteria as “ the type genus of the family [Caprifoliaceae],”
by which he apparently means the most primitive genus, that is, the
genus showing least specialisation, at any rate in the flower. In
Leycesteria the gynaecium is usually isomerous (5-locular), L.
gracilis being the only species showing pleiomery in this respect.
Other genera in which species occur with a 5-locular ovary are:
Lonicera (Sect. Nintooa ); Sambucus (varying to 3-locular; the
genus is admittedly isolated and “ un-typical ” of the family) ; and
Triosteum (in which the ovary is much more commonly 3-locular).
The remaining genera show various degrees of locular abortion and/or
suppression.

In Leycesteria all the loculi are multiovulate, and multiovulate or
pluriovulate loculi are characteristic of all the other genera of the
tribe Lonicereae (sensu Fritsch). This appears to be a primitive
character. Leycesteria and Diervilla have many-seeded fruits,
whereas the fruits in the remaining genera are few-seeded, a character
which may be regarded as derivative.

Inflorescence . As Fritsch (Engler u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iv.
Abt. 4,158: 1891) has indicated, the basic type of inflorescence in the
Capnfoliaceae is the cyme. In the majority of genera the cymose
arrangement has undergone modification, by the suppression either of
the terminal flower or of the two lateral flowers of the cyme. Ley¬
cesteria is the only genus (except the monotypic Heptacodium) in
which over 50 per cent, of the species have retained the 3-flowered
cymose arrangement unmodified. Lonicera subgen. Periclymenum is
characterised by the same arrangement, but the species of that
subgenus constitute only about 17 per cent, of the genus as a whole;
in the remainder the central flower of each cyme is suppressed. Four
of the six known species of Leycesteria have the unmodified arrange¬
ment ; the remaining two have lost the lateral flowers of the cyme,
in the same manner as Symphoricarpos and most other-genera of the
Linnaeeae and Lonicereae. Indeed, the inflorescence of Leycesteria
gracilis (Kurz) bears an extraordinarily close resemblance to that of
Symphoricarpos sinensis Rehder (in Sargent, PI. Wils. i. 117 : 1911),
the only known Asiatic representative of that genus.

Examination of the inflorescence in the series L. formosa (large
coloured foliaceous bracts), L. glaucophylla (small green foliaceous
bracts) and L. gracilis (very small non-foliaceous but herbaceous
bracts), in which there is a progressive diminution in the size of the
bracts, suggests the possibility that, within the genus Leycesteria ,
the number of flowers per inflorescence may have been increased by a
gradual transformation of foliage leaves into bracts and the conse¬
quent union of several inflorescences into one.

Sommieris discussion (Nuov. Giora. Bot. Ital. xxii. 217-227:
1890) of. the taxonomic value of stipules in the Caprifoliaceae is
interesting and suggestive. Special reference is made to Leycesteria

164

( Pentapyxis ) stipulates and to Lonicera caeridea L. forma stipuligera
Somm. The occurrence of stipules in Leycesteria and Lonicera
seems to be an unsuspected link between the two genera. More
important still (as has, indeed, been pointed out before*), this
character can no longer be used to distinguish absolutely the
Caprifoliaceae from the Rubiaceae. In fact, the only character now
remaining to separate these families is their respectively perulate
and eperulate buds. (The genera Alseuosmia Cunn., Pachydiscus
Gilg et Schltr. and Memecylanthus Gilg et Schltr., with eperulate
buds, alternate leaves, valvate corolla-lobes, sometimes free stamens,
and anomalous ovular orientation, should probably be excluded from
Caprifoliaceae.—Vide Gilg u. Schlechter in Engler, Bot. Jahrb.
xxxix. 268-70 : 1906).

Arrangement of the Species.

The genus was subdivided by Fritsch (in Engler u. Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenf. iv. Abt. 4, 169: 1891) into two sections, Euleycesteria
Fritsch and Pentapyxis (Hook, fil.) Fritsch, based upon the absence
or presence respectively of pith in the stems, the usual absence or
presence of stipules, and the zygomorphy or comparative actino-
morphy of the corolla. This merely had the effect of separating L.
stipulata from the remaining 3 species then recognized, and, though
Fritsch was undoubtedly right in reducing Pentapyxis to Leycesteria,
his two subdivisions are scarcely satisfactory in the light of further
investigation.

The problem of how best to group the six species is a peculiar
one, owing to the unexpectedly great diversity of characters found
among them. Two alternatives present themselves: either to
leave the genus with no subdivisions at all, or else to make almost as
many “ groups ” as there are species. If the genus be examined
with characters in view similar to those employed by Rehder in his
Synopsis of Lonicera, the second alternative at once appears as the
only logical one. If the establishment of several monotypic sections,
series, etc., in a small genus should evoke criticism as being a method
of unnecessarily extreme analysis, the question might well be asked :
What is there, either of science or of logic, in making use of certain
criteria for classifying the members of a large genus (such as
Lonicera), but refusing to make use of the same or equivalent criteria
in systematizing an allied, but small , genus (as Leycesteria) ?

The method of arrangement here proposed, therefore, seeks
justification in that it may serve to indicate the peculiarly remote or
disjointed nature of the interspecific relationships within the genus.
The following is a conspectus.

Subgenus I. Euleycesteria (Fritsch pro sect., emend.), subgen.
nov.—Ovarium 5-loculare, glanduloso-pubescens. Pseudo-verticilli
6-flori, raro 2-fiori. Bracteae plus minus late ovatae, ovario longiores.
(Typus subgeneris, L. fonnosa.)

* Vide Fritsch in Engl. n. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iv. Abt. 4, 157 (1891).

165

Sectio i. Fistularia sect. nov.—Foliorum paginae inferioris
pubescentia e pilis sparsis rectis plus minus adpressis sistens.
Rami subherbacei, manifeste fistulosi. (Typus sectionis, L.
fomiosa.)

Series i. Fomosae ser. nov.—Stipulae haud evolutae. Corolla
alba vel roseo-tincta, supra basin conicam in nectaria oblonga
inconspicua paulliim ampliata ; stylus glaber. (Typus seriei.

L. formosa.)

Inflorescentia i-pseudo-verticillata.i. L. sinensis

Inflorescentia 2-pluri-pseudo-verticillata.2. L. formosa

Series 2. Crocothyrsae ser. nov.—Stipulae evolutae. Corolla
laete flavo-aurantiaca, basi truncato-intrusa in sacculas 5

prominentes valde dilatata; stylus pubescens.

3. L. crocothyrsos

Sectio ii. Pentapyxis (Hook, fil.) Fritsch, emend.—Foliorum
paginae inferioris pubescentia e pilis sparsis vel lanuginosis plus
minus crispulis vel erectis basibus ut videtur bulbosis sistens.
Rami haud herbacei. Corolla ut in Serie 1. (Typus sectionis,
L. stipulata.)

Series 3. Stipulatae ser. nov.—Rami medullosi. Inflor¬
escentia e pseudo-verticillis 6-floris compluribus sistens. Stylus

glaber.—Planta dense lanuginosa.4. L. stipulata

Series 4. Glaucophyllae ser. nov.—Rami fistulosi. Inflor¬
escentia e pseudo-verticillis 2-flori 1-2 tantum sistens.
Stylus pubescens.—Planta pubescens.5. L. glaucophylla

Subgenus II. Paralestera subgen. nov.—Ovarium 8-loculare,
glaber. Pseudo-vertidlli 2-flori. Bracteae minimae, subulatae,
ovario breviores.—Corolla ut in Seriebus I, 3 et 4. Stylus glaber.
Pubescentia ut in Sectione i.6. L. gracilis

Artificial Key to the Species.

Interpetiolar stipules absent (c/. also sp. 5):

Flowers in pairs; bracts subulate, shorter than the glabrous

ovary ...6. gracilis

Flowers in sixes ; bracts broadly ovate, longer than the glandular-
pubescent ovary:

Inflorescence of 6 flowers only.1. sinensis

Inflorescence of 2 or more false whorls of 6 flowers.

2, formosa

Interpetiolar stipules present, sometimes very small (vide sp. 5) :

Leaves densely lanuginose beneath; style glabrous.4, stipulata

Leaves pubescent beneath ; style pubescent:

Flowers in pairs; corolla whitish.....5. glaucophylla

Flowers in sixes; corolla orange.3. crocothyrsos

Enumeration.

1. Leycesteria sinensis Hemsley in Hook. Ic. Plant, xxvii. t. 2633
(1900); Rehder in Sargent, PI. Wils. i 3x2 (1912), in obs.

166

leones. Hooker, leones Plantarum xxvii. t. 2633 (1900).

China : Yunnan. Mountains to north of Mengtze, 2100 m.,
Henry 9692 c (Herb. Kew.).

Known only from the above collection. The affinity between
this species and the next is the closest obtaining between any two
species of the genus. Hemsley contrasted L. sinensis with “ L.
glaucopliylla Hook, fil.,” meaning L. gracilis (Kurz), with which it
has nothing to do. The calyx in the dried state is brown and almost
scarious, with a conspicuous tube and very short teeth.

2. Leycesteria formosa Wallich in Roxb. FI. Ind. ed. Carey &
Wall. ii. 182 (1824) ; DC. Prodr. iv. 338 (183a) ; Wall. PI. As.
Rar. ii. 21 (1831) ; Wight, Illustr. Ind. Bot. ii. 70 (“ Leycestria ”),
72 (“ Leycesterea ”) (1850); Brandis, For. FI. 256 (1874) ; Gamble,
List Trees, etc. Darjeeling, ed. 1, 46 (1878), ed. 2, 46 (1896), ed. 3, 74
(1929); C. B. Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Brit. Ind. iii. 16 (1880);
Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb. ed. 1, 217 (1881), ed. 2, 398 (1902), ed. 3,
398 (1922); Fritsch in Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iv. Abt. 4,
169 (1891); Brandis, Ind. Trees, 360 (1906); Rehder in Sargent, PI.
Wds. i. 311 (1912); A.M. & J. M. Cowan, Trees N. Beng. 74 (1929).

Hamelia comiaia Wallich MS. in sched. in Herb. Wall, sub cat.
no. 407, et ex DC., Prodr. iv. 338 (1830), in obs.

leones . Wallich, PI. As. Rar. ii. t. 120 (1831) (Leicesteria );
Bot. Reg. xxv. t. 2 (1839) ; Bot. Mag. lxv. t. 3699 (1839); Wight,
Illustr. Ind. Bot. ii. 1.121 d (1850).

Leycesteria formosa includes within its wide area of distribution
the areas of all the other known species of the genus. From the
North-West Frontier Province and the Punjab it ranges the whole
length of the Himalaya eastwards to south-eastern Yunnan, where
it was collected by Henry near Mengtze, and north-eastwards to
Szechuan and eastern Tibet, where Rehder’s var. stenosepala appears
to replace very largely the typical form.

It has been considered unnecessary to cite here all the specimens
seen : the following is therefore only a representative selection.

India. North-West Frontier Province : Shinu Kti Kalthti,
Kagan, Hazara, 4 July 1899, Inayat in Herb. Duthie ; Sachdn Dara
Pan j til, Haztira, 27 Aug. 1899, inayat in Herb. Duthie ; Malkandi,
Kagan, J. R. Drummond 20110.

Punjab : Chamba State, Bhandal Valley, Chadbaint Reserve,
alt. 2400 m., 23 Oct. 1919, R. N. Parker ; Chamba State, Gharosan
Forest, alt. 1800 m., g June 1895, J. H. Lace 748 ; Bashahr,
Kunawar, 1886, J. R. Drummond 22m ; Bashahr, Bahli to Taklech,
alt. 2100 m., 15 May 1890, J. H. Lace 119 ; Simla, Mashobra, near
the Retreat, alt. 2400 m., 14 June 1877, J. S. Gamble 4374 a ; Simla,
Mahtisu, alt. 2400 m„ 29 Sept. 1877, J. S. Gamble 5555 a ; Simla,
Mahtisu, 1885, Nanak Sobha Ram in Herb. J. R. Drummond 221x0 ;
Simla, Mahasu, H. Collett 39 ; Simla and Siwaliks, 1885, J. R.
Drummond 2264 7 ; Sirmore, Govan in Herb. Wallich, cat. no. 470 c.

167

United Provinces : Kumaon, R. Bhnkworth in Herb. Wallich ,
cat. no. 470 (2) ; Garhwal, June 1845, T. Thomson 1265 ; Garhwal,
Mussoorie, Kidar Kantha, alt. 2700 m., 27 June 1904, J. R. Drummond
22786 ; Mussoorie, Park Road, alt. 1950 m., June 1915, A. Anderson ;
Tihri-Garhwal, Jumnotri, alt. 2700-3000 m., 29 Aug. 1883, J . F.
Duthie 645 (“ vernacular name Kannel chiro ”); Saharanpur,
Deoban, Jaunsar, alt. 2700 m., June 1896, J. S. Gamble 25806 ;
Deota, 15 June 1906, H. H. Haines 2263.

Nepal : Sheopore, Apr. 1821, Wallich [cat. no.] 470 (1) ;
Domzey, alt. 2400 m., Lai Dhoj 17 ; sine loc. exact., Gower.

Sikkim : Choongtam, alt. 2700 m., 23 May 1849, /• Hooker ;
Lachen, alt. 1800-3300 m., 2-4 Aug. 1849, J. D. Hooker ; Lachoong,
alt. 3000 m., 24 Oct. 1849, J. D. Hooker ; Kulhait, alt. 2100 m.,
11 Oct. 1870, C. B. Clarke 12987 ; Darjeelmg, alt. 2100 m., 11 June
1874, Treutler [cat. no.] 192 ; Gumpaha, Darjeeling, alt. 2100 m.,
June 1874, J* S- Gamble 3066 a ; Darjeeling, alt. 2100 m., July 1880,
J. S . Gamble 8264 ; Sinchul, Darjeeling, alt. 2400 m., 13 Jime 1884,
C. B. Clarke 35771 a ; Lachung, alt. 2700 m., 6 Sept. 1911, Ribu &
Rhomoo 5569 ; Tonglo, alt. 2700 m., 1913, Ribu & Rhomoo 6302 ;
Phallut, alt. 3300 m., 12 Aug. 1913, Rhomoo 1174.

Khasia: Surureem, alt. 1500 m., 26 June 1850, Hooker &
Thomson 1237.

Upper Burma : Hpimaw Hill, alt. 2100 m., general in the lower
coppice, 7 June 1919, R. Farrer 998.

Yunnan. Momien (Tengyueh), 22 June 1868, D. J. Anderson.
Brousse de Ta-hai, alt. 3000 m., Juillet, Maire 255I1913 (distr.
Edin.): “ Arbuste cassant a tiges creuses; fi. roses; fruits bleus.”
Moist open situations by streams in side valleys on the eastern flank
of the Tali range, lat. 25° 40' N., alt. 2100-2700 m., May-Sept.
1906, Forrest 4776 : “ Shrub of i£-6 ft. Flowers white, tinged rose
on exterior; bracts deep rose-purple. Fruit black, edible, flavour
strongly resembling burnt sugar. ”

Szechuan. Sine loc. exact., July 1903, Wilson (Veitch Exped.)
3719 : " 3 ft.; fls. white.”

var. stenosepala Rehder in Sargent, PI. Wils. i. 312 (1912).

Leycesteria Litnfirichtii H. Winkler (apud Pax, Hoffm. et H.
Winkl.) apud Limpricht, Bot. Reise Hochgeb. Chin. Ost-Tib. in
Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. Beih. xii. 493 (1922).

Yunnan, W. Le long des ruisseaux, Mt. Mao-kou-tchang au
dessus de Ta-pin-tze, 23 Apr. 1883, Delavay 158. Hay-y pr&s
Lou-lan, JuL 1906, Paul Ngueou ex Ducloux 208 (,584 :). Teng-yueh
district, E. B. Howell 25,233. Open moist situations on the margins
of thickets on the eastern flank of the Lichiang range, lat. 27 0 15' N.,
alt. 3000 m., June 1906, Forrest 2503 : “ Shrub of 6-10 ft. Flowers
whitish, non-fragrant.” Moist situations along the base of the
Lichiang range, lat. 27 0 12' N., alt. 2700 m., June 1910, Forrest 5943 :
” Shrub of 2-6 ft. Flowers creamy-white, pink on exterior.”
Sine loc. spec., sed verisimiliter Tsekou, 1907, Monbeig 131. Halliers

168

das valtees & Sau-kia, alt. 2550 m., AoAt, Maire 26 (distr. Am. Arb.):
“ Arbuste peu rameux; tiges vertes, longues, ^parses. FI. blanches
sur grappe violette.” Broussailles, mont. derri&re Siao-ho, alt.
2800 m., Juin, Maire 32911913 (distr. Edin.); “Arbuste cassant
peu rameux, tout vert ; fl. roses/' Halliers, valine de Kiao-md-ti,
alt. 3100 m„ Juin, Maire 699)1914 (distr. Edin.): “ Arbuste cassant;
longs rameaux verts ; fl. blanches sur grappe rose." Sine loc., Mai,
Maire 2429 (distr. Edin.): “ Arbuste; fieurs d’un blanc rosd.”
Forest undergrowth, open places, Doker-la, alt. 3000 m.. Sept. 1913*
F. K. Ward 1128 : “ Shrub, bushy, 3 ft.” Doker-la, on granite
soils, shady bush-covered hillsides or open places in the forest, alt.
2100-2400 m., 18 June 1914, F. K . Ward 1683: “ Loose bushy
shrub, the long shoots flopping over when the plant has attained a
height of about 5 ft. ; flowers cream coloured, bracts purple.” In
montibus inter flumina Salwin et Irrawadi, alt. 2000 m., Oct. 1914,
Schneider 2390. Kou-ty, circa Pe-yen-tsin, n June 1918, Simeon
Ten 330 : “3m.; floribus albo-rubris.”

Szechuan. Near Tachienlu, alt. 2700-4000 m., Pratt 299, 776.
Between Tachienlu and Chentu, Oct. 1904, Hosie. Sine loc. exact.,
June 1908, Wilson (Am. Arb. Exp.) 3476 , 3478; ditto, July
1908, Wilson 3477, 3479. In declivitatibus dumosis in regione
Huali, alt. 2600 m., 30 Mai 1914, Schneider 1394.

Tibet. Kam: vallis fluvii Tung-go-ho, 22 Jul. 1893, Potanin :
“flores albi." Tong-kyuk, in pine forest, alt. 2400-2700 m.,
11 Aug. 1924, F. K. Ward 6077 : “ Shrub of 6-10 ft.; flowers
white.”

Distinguished from the typical plant by the elongation of all 5
sepals, which may be up to 7 or 8 mm. in length, and very narrow.
In the type there are usually 3 short and 2 long sepals, the latter about
4 or 5 mm, long.

var. brachysepala Airy-Shaw, var. nov. sepalis brevissimis 1 mm.
usque raro vix 2 mm. longis glanduloso-pubescentibus.

Yunnan, W. Moist situations by streams, on lava bed west of
Tengyueh, lat. 25 0 N., alt. 1500 m.. May 1912, Forrest 7647 : “ Shrub
of 3~b ft. Flowers yellowish-white interior, exterior flushed lake.
Fruit black."

Yunnan, S.E. South of Red River from Manmei, alt. 1800 m.,
Henry 9692; Mengtze, mountains to north, alt. 1650 m., Henry
9692 a; ibid., alt. 1800 m., Henry 9692 b : “ Shrub, 6 ft.; white
flowers.”

Possibly not worthy of varietal recognition, but the sepals are
unusually short, not longer than those of L. sinensis.

var. glandulosissima Airy-Shaw, var. nov. omnibus partibus horno-
tinis densissime pubescentibus atque glanduloso-pilosis.

Ramuli hornotini brevissimi. Flores praecociores.

Yunnan. Distr. Yunnan-fu, in collibus bor.-occ., solo sabuloso,
9 Mai. 1916, 0 . Schoch 43.

169

No other specimen has been seen in which the indumentum is so
markedly developed. The previous year's branches are long,
straight, sparingly branched and quite glabrous.

3. Leycesteria crocothyrsos Airy-Shaw, sp. nov. ab omnibus con-
generis corolla aurantiaca basi valde 5-saccata distinctissima; a
L. formosa Wall., cui quam ceteris forsan propior, stipulis magnis,
stylo pubescente statim distinguenda ; inter species stipulatas, a L.
glaticophvlla (Hook. fil. et Thoms.) Hook. fil. pseudo-verticillis
6-floris, et a L. stipulata (Hook. fil. et Thoms.) Fritsch foliis subtus
haud lanuginosis, stylo pubescente diversa.

Frutex parvus, laxus, statura ignota. Rami annotini ignoti.
Rami hornotini fistulosi, teretes, usque 4 dm. longi (inflorescentia
terminali inclusa), circiter 4 mm. diametro, sparse breviter glandu-
loso-pilosi vel glabrescentes, basi perulis scariosis late triangularibus
usque lanceolatis 3-10 mm. longis raro apice foliaceis circiter 2 cm.
longis cincti; intemodia circiter 8 cm. longa. Folia iis L. formosae
similia, ovata usque oblonga raro fere ovato-lanceolata, basi
rotundata vel vix angustata, apice acuminata conspicue caudata,
usque 12*5 cm. longa (cauda circiter 2 cm. longa inclusa), 5 cm. lata,
margine (basi caudaque exceptis) leviter et subremote dentata
dentibus glanduloso-apiculatis, sparse ciliata, pagina superiore
olivacea pills persparsis circiter 1 mm. longis praedita, costa densius-
cule breviter pubescente, nervis glabris, pagina inferiore glaucescente,
tota minutissime pubescente (costa manifestius), nervis utrinque
circiter sex ; petioli brevissimi, 3-5 mm. longi, plerumque anguste
alati, pubescentes praecipue supra pilis plus minus aureis. Stipulae
interpetiolares magnae, latissime reniformes vel suborbiculares,
usque 2 cm. latae et 1 cm. longae, basi utrinque petiolis folioram
breviter adnatae, margine integrae vel indistincte crenulatae, supra
olivaceae, subtus glaucescentes. Infloresc&ntia terminalis, elongata,
plus minus pendula, usque 12*5 cm. longa, rhachide dense glanduloso-
villoso-pubescente. Flores sessiles in pseudo-verticillis 6-floris
(cymulis binis trifloris) dispositi ; pseudo-verticilli circiter 7, omnes
bracteis binis late ovatis acuminatis vel acutis integris basi sub-
cordatis vel angustatis usque 2 cm. longis et 1 cm. latis tenuiter
membranaceis glabrescentibus dilute purpurascentibus margine
dense glanduloso-ciliatis suffulti, bracteolis in quoque verticillo 4
bracteis similibus sed subduplo minoribus. Receptaculum ovoideum,
apice subattenuatum, densissime glanduloso-villoso-hispidum,
circiter 5 mm. longum, 3 mm. diametro. Calycis segmenta breviter
connata, maiuscula, aequalia, ovato-oblonga, subacuta, circiter 5 mm.
longa et 3 mm. lata, herbacea, margine glanduloso-ciliata, extra
sparse breviter pilosa, intus glabra. Corolla actinomorpha, laete
aurantiaca (teste lectore), alabastro late clavata circiter 1*5 cm.longa;
tubus sub anthesilate iniimdibuliformis, circiter 1*5 cm. longus, fauce
1*5 diametro, basi truncato-intrusa in sacculos nectariferos 5
sepalis altemantes conspicue gibboso-ampliatus, 4-5 mm. latus,
extra dense glanduloso-pilosus, intus ad staminum filamenta et ad.

170

nervos 5 praecipuos glanduloso-pilosus ceterum. glaber; lobi imbricati,
patentes, ovato-triangulares, obtusi vel rotundati, circiter 5 mm.
longi et lati, extra plus minus glanduloso-pilosi, intus glabri.
Staminum filamenta corollae tubo usque ad basin adnata, circiter
1-3-1 .4 cm. longa, dense barbata, parte sexta suprema libera, ipso
apice ovoideo-tumida, dein acuta; antherae oblongae, utrinque
obtusae, 3-4 mm. longae, 1-1*5 mm. latae. Stylus in alabastro
circiter 1 cm. sub anthesi usque 17 cm. longus, satis validus, parte
tertia suprema glabra, ceterum dense pubescens ; stigma magnum,
capitatum, lobatum, circiter 3 mm. diametro. Ovarium quinque-
loculare, multiovulatum. Fruchts non visi.

leones. Hooker, leones Plantarum, ser. 5, ii. t. 3165 (1932).

Assam. Delei valley, 28° 20' N., 96° 37' E., alt. 1800 m.,
growing on the steep sheltered gneiss face, in dense thickets, 8 May
1928, F. K. Ward 8180. “A small lax shrub. Flowers bright
orange.”

The genus Leycesteria is nothing if not heterogeneous. That a
species should be discovered with bright yellow flowers could hardly
have been anticipated from a knowledge of those previously des¬
cribed. The no-man’s land of north-east Upper Burma, where
India, China and Tibet meet, has yielded yet another of its strange
botanical treasures, and this is surely not the least beautiful of them.
Capt. F. K. Ward informs the writer that the seeds of this species,
which he brought home, have germinated “ like mustard and cress,”
yet Capt. Ward saw but one solitary plant in its native habitat.

It would seem, therefore, to be a species of extremely restricted
distribution, but it is difficult to suggest whether it is more probably
a “ young ” or a “ relict " species. On account of its stem-structure
and inflorescence a comparison can be instituted only with L.
formosa, but a close affinity can scarcely be inferred therefrom.

The chief points of interest, from a morphological point of view,
are the following : the stipules, the form and colour of the corolla,
and the hairy style. Stipules occur also in L. stipulata and L.
glaucophylla, and the latter has a hairy style. But the great develop¬
ment of the basal nectariferous saccae is unique, and the striking
colouring of the corolla—lemon-yellow for the tube, orange-yellow
for the hmb—is no less so.

_ The occurrence of stipules in a third species of Leycesteria adds
still greater weight to Sommier's remarks on the taxonomic value
of these organs (in Nuov. Giom. Bot. Ital. xxii. 217-227 : 1890).

4. Leycesteria stipulata {Hook, fil . et Thoms.) Fritsch in Engl. u.
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf. iv. Abt. 4, 169 (1891); A. M. & J. M. Cowan,
Trees N. Beng. 74 (1929).

Lonicera stipulata Hook. fil. et Thoms, in Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 165
(1858); [? Lindley] in Gard. Chron. & Agric. Gaz. [xviii.] 700 (1858).

Pentapyxis sp., Hook. fil. in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Plant, ii. 6
(1873).

171

Pentapyxis stipulata (Hook. iil. et Thoms.) Hook. fil. ex C. B.
Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Brit. Ind. iii. 17 (1880); Gamble, List Trees,
etc. Darj. ed. 1, 45 (1878) ; ed. 2, 46 (1896) ; Gamble, Man. Ind.
Timb. ed. 1, 217 (1881) ; ed. 2, 399 (1902) ; ed. 3, 399 (1922) ;
Sommier in Nuov. Giom. Bot. Ital. xxii. 217-227 (1890 ), passim.

leones. Gard. Chron. & Agric. Gaz. [xviii.] 700, fig. 1 (1858) ;
Nuov. Giom. Bot. Ital. xxii. t. 2, fig. C (1890).

Sikkim. Without precise locality, alt. 1800-3000 m., 29 March,
J. D. Hookey 5: “ Flowers all white.” Rungbee, alt. 1800 m.,
13 June 1870, C. B. Clarke 11976 a: " Shrub with complanate
pendent branches.” Darjeeling, alt. 2100 m., 25 Feb. 1871, C. B.
Clarke 13869 a : ibid., 24 June 1875, C. B. Clarke 26746 a : ibid..
To Apr. 1876, C. B. Clarke 27488 d ; ibid., alt. 2250 m., 31 May 1884,
C. B. Clarke 34992 b ; ibid., alt. 2100 m., June 1875, Gamble 3064 a ;
ibid., alt. 2100 m., 22 June 1876, Gamble 733 a; ibid., on the
* Calcutta ’ road, alt. 2250 m., 11 Apr. 1913, C. C. Lacaita :
” Flowers white, with very faint blush.” Darjeeling to Jorbungalow,
alt. 2100 m., J. H. Lace.

Believed, until quite recently, to be confined to Sikkim, where,
however, it is said to be locally extremely abundant. Capt. F. K.
Ward, writing in May 1931, from North-East Upper Burma, reports
the occurrence in quantity of what he takes to be this species in the
Adung Valley, lat. 28° 10' N., 97 0 40' E. If this is verified, it will be
an interesting extension of its range. Every part of the plant,
except the inside of the corolla, is densely woolly.

5. Leycesteria glaucophylla (Hook. fil. et Thoms.) Hook. fil. ex
C. B. Clarke in Hook. fil. FI. Brit. Ind. iii. 16 (1880), excl. diagn., et
ref. ’‘Gard. Chron.” pro parte, et synon. “Lonicera gracilis Kurz,”
et loc. " Simonbong, Kurz ” et verbis descriptionis “ A much more
slender plant . . . ovate-subulate ” et "entirely absent or”
(p. 17, 1 . 1) ; Sommier in Nuov. Giom. Bot. Ital. xxii. 217-227
(1890), passim , pro maxima parte.

Lonicera glaucophylla Hook. fil. et Thoms. Praec. FI. Ind. in
Joum. Linn. Soc. ii. 165 (1858); [? Lindley] in Gard. Chron. & Agric.
Gaz. [xviii.J 700, partim (1858) ; Rehder in Rep. Miss. Bot. Gard.
xiv. 216 (1903).

Pentapyxis sp. Hook. fiL in Benth. & Hook. Gen. Plant, ii. 6

(1873)-

Lonicera gracilis Rehder in Rep. Miss. Bot. Gard. xiv. 216 (1903),
non Kurz.

Leycesteria Belliana W. W. Smith in Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc.
Edinb. xxiv. pp. xliii et 173 (1911), et in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. iv. 379
(1913); Calder, Narayanaswami et Ramaswami in Rec. Bot. Surv.
Ind. xi, 81 (1926); A.M. & J. M. Cowan, Trees N. Beng. 74 (1929).

leones. Gard. Chron. & Agric. Gaz. [xviii.] 700, fig. 2 dextr.,
non sinistr. (1858); Trans. Proc. Bot. Soc. Edinb. xxiv. t. xiii
(19x1).

172

Sikkim. Singalelah, alt. 1500-1800 m., 14 Dec. 1848, J. D.
Hooker 6; Yoksun, alt. 1500-1800 m., 12 Jan. 1849, /• D. Hooker
6 ; Karponang, alt. 2850 m., 4 July 1910, W. W. Smith 2Qq6.
" East Himalaya/’ Ribu & Rhomoo, sine num.

Apparently confined, like the last species, to Sikkim, but, unlike
it, evidently rather uncommon, and reaching somewhat higher
altitudes.

The specimen from Tonglo ( Anderson 154) cited by Smith (1911,
l.c. p. 174) has not been seen by the writer. The leaves are described
as “ subtus . . . praecipuein venis i rufescenti-strigillosa/’ There
is no sign of “ rufescence ” in the specimens of Hooker, Smith or
Ribu & Rhomoo. The peculiarity of the indumentum, which
appears to have been overlooked, is that each hair of the smaller
vems and intervening tissue appears under a low power to arise
from a bulbous base or small pustule. Higher magnification shows
that this consists of about 4-6 minute oblong or subglobular masses
of wax closely surrounding the base of the hair and frequently
coalescing with each other. They appear to be definite extrusions
from the leaf, and not prominences of the cuticle. A similar
phenomenon, to a less degree, can be observed in the case of L.
stipulata, though, owing to the extreme density of the indumentum
in that species, the base of the hairs is not easily exposed without
damaging the waxy secretion.

The occurrence of this character in these two species, together
with the irregular, non-adpressed arrangement of the indumentum,
and the possession of stipules, appears to indicate some degree of
affinity between them. They were originally described together
under Lonicera and later associated to form the new genus Pentapyxis
(Benth, et Hook. Gen. PI. ii. 6: 1873), solely because they both
possessed stipules.

The confusion in which this species and the next have been
involved is due, in the first instance, to Hooker and Thomson hav in g
described their Lonicera glaucophylla without flowers or fruit, and
then to Hooker’s identification of Thomson’s flowering material of
L. gracilis (at that time undescribed) with his own sterile material
of L. glaucophylla . The fact that both gatherings came from Yoksun
was apparently considered sufficient ground for regarding them as
nonspecific, in spite of the fact that Hooker’s specimens possessed
stipules and a very peculiar indumentum on the undersurface of the
leaves, while Thomson’s were exstipulate and the extremely sparse
indumentum was in no way remarkable.

The result was that Hooker’s original specimens of L. glaucophylla
were gradually lost sight of, their sterility no doubt helping towards
this, and Thomson’s material was taken as the most representative
of T. glaucophylla for purposes of identification. Subsequent
collectors brought in further material which undoubtedly matched
mat of Thomson : it was therefore practically inevitable that, when
Kurz described some of this material as Lonicera gracilis, it should

173

almost immediately be reduced to L. glaucophylla. Even Kurz’s
remark, that his species differed “ in every respect ” from Hooker
and Thomson's, failed to stimulate further investigation by critical
botanists. The references made by Sommier (l.c.) to “ Lonicera
glaucophylla ” and " Leycesteria glaucophylla ” show that he, too,
shared the common belief that stipules might or might not be present
in this species, or rather mixture of species.

Another contributory cause to the persistence of this error was
the fact that the true L. glaucophylla was apparently not collected
again until 1910, when Prof. W. Wright Smith obtained the first
known flowering material. He described it in 1911 as a new species,
L. Belliana, and stated, on the strength of a comparison of material
at Kew made by Prof. W. G. Craib. that this was a “ species
Leycesteria sinensis Hems, valde affinis,” but, in view of the consider¬
able list of differences enumerated almost immediately afterwards,
and the further distinction, not mentioned in the list, that the flowers
of I. glaucophylla are in pairs, not sixes, the reason for this statement
is not quite clear.

6. Leycesteria gracilis {Kurz) Airy-Shaw, comb. nov.

Lonicera ( Lycesteria [sic]) gracilis Kurz in Joum. As. Soc. Beng.
xxxix. 2. 77 (1870) ; Gamble, List Trees, etc. Darj. ed. 1, 46 (1878) ;
Rehder in Rep. Miss. Bot. Gard. xiv. 216 (1903), pro syn. Leycesteriae
glaucophyllae.

Lonicera glaucophylla [? Lindley] in Gard. Chron. & Agric. Gaz.
[xviii.] 700, partim (1858); non Hook. fil. et Thoms.

Leycesteria glaucophylla Hook. fil. ex C. B. Clarke in Hook. fil.
FI. Brit. Ind. iii. 16 (1880), excl. synon. “ Lonicera glaucophylla Hook,
fil. et Thoms." et " Pentapyxis sp.,” et loc. " Yoksun, J.D.H.”
et verbis descriptionis " or more or less developed . . . presence of
stipules ” (p. 17, lines 1-4); Gamble, List Trees, etc. Darj. ed. 2,
46 (1896); Hems!, in Hook. Ic. Plant, xxvii. sub t. 2633, in obs.
(1900); Gamble. Man. Ind. Timb. ed. 2, 398 (1902); ed. 3, 398
(1922); W. W. Smith in Rec. Bot. Surv. Ind. iv. 379 (1913); A. M.
& J. M. Cowan, Trees Northern Bengal 74 (Gamble, List, ed. 3)
(1929); non Lonicera glaucophylla Hook. fil. et Thoms.

Pentapyxis glaucophylla Hook. fil. ex Gamble, Man. Ind. Timb.
ed. x, 217 (1881), in obs., non Lonicera glaucophylla Hook. fil. et
Thoms.

leones. Gard. Chron. & Agric. Gaz. [xviii.] 700, fig. 2 sinistr.,
non dextr. (1858); Hooker, leones Plantarum, ser. 5, ii. t. 3166

(1932).

Sikkim. Yoksun, [alt. dreiter 1500 m.], 1857, Thomson.
Simonbong, [Anderson in] Herb. S. Kurz (type 1). Labah, Dumsong,
alt. 1800 m., March 1875, Gamble 3073 a : " Very pretty small shrub;
fruits 639 blue 1 " Chota Rimitti, Darjeeling, alt. 2100 m., Nov.
1879, Gamble 74.31. Pankas&ri Ridge, alt. 2250 m., 12 Oct. 1902,
J. H. Lace2401. Labah Ridge, alt. 2100 m., Dec. 1904, H. H. Haines

174

BB 2002 . Above Rbikisum, alt. 2250 m., 25 Apr. 1913. C. C.
Lacaita : “ Berry oval, purple, tipped with green calyx.”

Bhutan. Sine loc. spec., Booth in Herb . Nuttall.

Burma. Bhamo Div.: Bumrawng, alt. 1650 m., March 1909.
G . E. S. Cubitt 387. —Vernacular name (Kachin) : " Nhkra-la (?).”

Western Yunnan. Moist, shady situations amongst scrub,
Ku-Tan-Ho Valley, Salwin valley, Salwin-Irrawadi divide, lat.
25° 55' N. alt. 1800-2100 m., Nov. 1905, Forrest 1063 : " Spreading
semi-trailing shrub of 6 to 10 ft. Flowers yellowish-white.” On hills
to west of Tengyueh, amongst scrub, lat. 25°N., alt. 1800 m., June
1912, Forrest 8261 : " Shrub of 3-6 ft., in fruit.” Open situations
in thickets on western flank of Shweli-Salwin divide, lat. 25 0 20' N.,
alt. 2100-2400 m., Nov. 1912, Forrest 9377 : “ Shrub of 3-9 ft.
Flowers white.” Open scrub in rocky situations, hills to the north
of Tengyueh, lat. 25 0 20' N., alt. 1800 m., March 1913, Forrest 9723 :
“ Shrub of 3-5 ft. Flowers white, fragrant.” Amongst scrub by
streams on the Shweli-Salwin divide, lat. 25 0 10' N., alt. 2400 m.,
July 1918, Forrest 17527 : " Shrub of 4-7 ft. Flowers white,
flushed rose exterior.” Open situations by streams on the Shweli-
Salwin divide, lat. 25 0 45' N., long. 98° 50' E., alt. 2400 m., Nov.
1924, Forrest 26032 : “ Shrub of 6-9 ft. Branches arched almost
from base. Flowers white.”

South-Eastern Yunnan. South of Red River from Manmei,
alt. 1800 m., Henry 9767 : “ Shrub, 10 ft.; white flowers.”

It is this species, and not the preceding, which is meant whenever
“ Leycesteria glaucophylla ” is mentioned in the literature of the
genus, the true glaucophylla being referred to (since 1911) as L.
Belliana W. W. Sm. Enough has, it is hoped, been said under that
species to make the position clear. Fritsch's cryptic remark (in
Engl. u. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenf., l.c.) that “ L. glaucophylla Hook, f.,
ausgezeichnet durch 7-8 Carpelle, nahert sich der 2. Section,” i.e.
Sect. Pentapyxis (Hook, fit) Fritsch, with 1 species, L. stipulata, is
explained when it is remembered that “ L. glaucophylla ” has always
been regarded as the correct name for what is really L. gracilis , but
which, it was thought, occasionally developed stipules on the young
barren branches. Fritsch had not disentangled these two species ;
hence his opinion, that the composite plant “ L. glaucophylla ” with
its 7-8 carpels approached L. stipulata, contained a germ of truth.

. Reference has already been made (p. 164) to the resemblance
between the inflorescence of the present plant and that of Symphori-
carpos sinensis Rehd. The existence of a member of the latter,
otherwise exclusively American, genus so far from its “ home ” as
Western Hupeh, Central China, is as unexpected as it is interesting.
Taken in conjunction with the fact that a peculiarly ” Symphori-
carpoid ” Leycesteria stretches out in this direction as far as Yunnan,
it becomes tempting to regard the circumstance as ” suggestive.”
But suggestive of what? The inflorescence of Symphoricarpos
sinensis is more elongate than that of most of its congeners, though

175

less so than in Leycestena gracilis, but the latter’s very small bracts
and bracteoles, subtending the paired flowers, and the two decussate
pairs of small bud-scales at the base of the inflorescence, are almost
exactly those of the Chinese Symphoricarpos. These anomalous
characters, and the usually 8-locular ovary, which is unique not
only in the genus but in the whole family Caprifoliaceae, seem to
justify the establishment of the new subgenus here proposed for
Leycesteria gracilis. As to whether there is, or ever has been, any
connection between these two otherwise tribally distinct genera,
nothing can be said, apart from pure speculation, until, and unless,
the discovery of further species sheds further light on the question.

XXII.—CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A FLORA OF
BRITISH NORTH BORNEO : I. C. E. C. Fischer.

Collections of herbarium specimens from British North Borneo
have been received recently from Mr. H. G. Keith of the Forestry
Department in that territory. The first sending has proved of such
interest, containing as it does four new species and a number of
plants new to the area, that it has been deemed advisable to
assemble the records in a series under the above title. The notes
will be confined strictly to British North Borneo.

As a starting point Merrill’s enumeration of the plants of Borneo,
published in the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, Straits
Brandi, in September, 1921, has been adopted, and any specimens
of species which are not definitely attributed therein to British North
Borneo will be cited.

Tetracera Boerlagei Men. [Dilleniaceae].

Lokan, Kinabatangan, fr. June, Arsed in Herb. For. Dept. 1277.
“ Woody vine ; fr. green. Orang Sungei name : Pampan ” ; Batu
Puteh, fl. June, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1279. “ FI* white.

Orang Sungei name : Karis-karis*’

Crataeva religiosa Forst. [Capparidaceae].

Tanjong Pang, fl. Feb., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1206. “ Tree
20 ft. high, 4 in. diam., in forest; fl. yellow.”

Flacourtia rukam Zoll. et Mor. [Flacourtiaceae].

Tanjong Bulet, fl. Nov., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1295. " Tree
25 ft. high, 10 in. diam.; fl. yellow ” ; Batu Puteh, fl. Jan., Arsat in
Herb. For. Dept. 1338.

Xanthophyllum Arsatii C. E. C. Fischer , sp. nov. [Polygalaceae] ;
X. ancolano Miq. similis sed foliis petiohs paniculisque multo
longioribus, foliorum nervis lateralibus numerosioribus.

A small tree ; branchlets greyish-brown, glabrous, twigs sulcate,
fuscous-felted. Leaves chartaceous, elliptic, narrowed acutely at
both ends, 14-27 cm. long, 3*5-7 cm. wide, midrib prominent below,
lateral nerves 9-10 pairs, raised below, arching and uniting 3-5 mm.
within the entire, slightly undulate margin, glabrous except for the

176

midrib which is minutely fuscous-puberulous especially near the
base, eglandular; petioles 1-2-2-2 cm. long, narrowly channelled
above, fuscous-felted, the basal two-thuds rugulose. Panicles
axillary and ter minal , up to 1 dm. long; rhachis and branches
sulcate and red dish when dry, fuscous-puberulous ; bracts minute;
flowers numerous; pedicels 2 mm. long, slightly enlarged to the
apex, fuscous-felted. Sepals broadly ovate to subcircular, obtuse,
thick, unequal, 2-5-4 mm - long, densely fuscous-puberulous on both
sides except for the nearly glabrous marginal strip, reddish,
minutely ciliate. Petals 5, red, 4 of them subequal, oblong-lanceo¬
late, obtuse, base rounded with a short broad claw, 1 cm. long,
0*3 cm. wide, slightly plicate, glabrous, the fifth deeply boat-shaped,
obtuse, base truncate and abruptly cuneate to the short broad claw,
0.87 cm. long, 0-65 cm. wide, puberulous without. Stamens 8,
8 mm. long; filaments free, curved, subulate, glabrous except for a
patch of greyish pubescence inside about 2 mm. above the widened,
flatfish base; anthem narrowly oblong, 1 mm. long, united round
the stigma, sparsely bearded at the base. Ovary shortly, stoutly
stipitate, subglobose, 1-25 mm. long, densely fuscous-hairy,
i-celled; ovules 3 ; style flattened, curved, 5 mm. long, sparsely
set with spreading hairs, reddish ; stigma entire. Frmt not seen.

Lukan, fl. March, At sat in Herb. For. Dept. 1213 (type). “ Tree
25 ft. high, 5 in. diam.; fl. red ” ; Sarawak River, G. D. Haviland.

Dipterocarpus oblongifolius Bl. [Dipterocarpaceae].

Lunut, fr. Aug., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1252. “ Tree 70 ft.

high, 15 in. diam.; fr. red. Orang Sungei name : Kasooy.”

Shorea Gysbertiana Burck [Dipterocarpaceae].

Maraba, near sea-level, fr. June, Md. Tahir in Herb. For. Dept.
1289. " Tree 40 ft. high ; fr. green, yielding an edible oil. Malay
name: Kawang.”

Shorea leprosula Miq. (Dipterocarpaceae].

Lunut, fr. Aug., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1254. “ Tree 50 ft,

high, 12 in. diam.; fr. green. Orang Sungei name : Matu.”

Pterospermum diversifolium Bl. [Sterculiaceae].

Kujak, fl. April, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1329. ** Fl. red ” ;
Loka, fl. June, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1282. “ Tree 50 ft. high,
10 in. diam.; fl. white. Orang Sungei name: Litak.”

Pterospermum elongatum Korth. [Sterculiaceae].

Batu Puteh, fl. May, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1262. “ Tree
50 ft. high, 9 in. diam.; fl. white. Malay name : Bayur ."

Commersonia platyphylla Andr. [Sterculiaceae].

Pin River, fl. Sept., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1242. “ Tree
20 ft. high, 7 in. diam.; fl. white. Orang Sungei name: Meng-
keprn ” 1 Kamangsian, fl. June, T. Goklin in Herb. For. Dept. 1303.
“ FL yellow. Orang Bisaya name : Hagis-hagis.”

177

Columbia serratifolia DC. [Tiliaceae].

Batu Puteh, fl. March, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept 1212 ; fr. June,
Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1270. “ Tree 50 ft. high, 8 in. diam. ;

fl. white. Orang Sungei names : Mang Kopan, Anggurong.”

Elaeocarpus Griffithii Mast. [Elaeocarpaceae],

Meraba, Weston, fl. Oct., Md. Tahir in Herb. For. Dept. 1228.
" Tree 20 ft. high, 6 in. diam.; fl. white. Malay name : Suagam

Aglaia lancifolia Harms [Meliaceae].

Ulu Bakan River, fl. July, Bayak in Herb. For. Dept. 1236.
" Shrub 10 ft. high.”

Lophopyxis pentaptera Engl. [Olacaceae],

Tanjong Bulet, fr. Nov., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1294.

Zizyphus celtidifolia DC. [Rhamnaceae].

Boras Mainto, fl. April, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1327. " Fl.
yellow.”

Nephelium malaiense Griff. [Sapindaceae],

Linkengen, 30 ft., young fr. June, Md. Tahir in Herb. For. Dept.
1288. “ Tree 15 ft. high, 6 in. diam.; young fr. green. Malay
name : Mata Kuching .”

Otophora edulis C. E. C. Fischer , sp. nov. [Sapindaceae]; 0 .
amplifoliae Pierre similis, sed foliolis numerosioribus linearibus
sessilibus, fructuque majore.

A small tree, with angled, glabrous twigs. Leaves membranous,
glabrous, crowded at the ends of the twigs, sessile, paripinnate;
rhachis 20-30 cm. long, acutely quadrangular, the lateral edges with
reticulately veined wings 2-3 mm. wide throughout, very shortly
produced beyond the terminal leaflets, the wings narrowed at the
insertion of the leaflets, base widened and subamplexicaul. Leaflets
9-10 pairs, including the basal stipuliform pair which are broadly
ovate or subcircular, acute, o-8-i cm. long, the next pair 5-8 cm.
distant with intervals of about 2-5 cm. between all the rest, opposite
or alternate, sessile with a broad rugulose attachment to the rhachis,
linear, tapering to a blunt apex, abruptly narrowed to a rounded,
inequilateral base, 8-16 cm. long, 1-5-2 cm. wide, midrib sharply
prominent on both sides, primary lateral nerves about 22, hardly
more distinct than the secondary, ultimate reticulations fine.
Inflorescence a much-branched open panicle, up to 40 cm. long;
rhachis brown, minutely puberulous, the branches angled and
densely fuscous-puberulous towards the extremities; flowers
fascicled; bracts minute, narrowly lanceolate, deciduous; pedicels
slender, 6-8 mm. long, puberulous. Sepals 5, subcoriaceous,
obtuse, the 2 outer ovate to rotund, the 3 inner broadly oblong with
sub-hyaline margins, 3-5-5 mm. long, the outermost smallest,
increasing in size inwards, glabrous or sparsely puberulous at the
base. Petals 6-7, orbicular, margins erose, infolded at the base and

178

simulating scales, 2 *6-3-4 mm. long, slightly pubescent outside at the
base and up to the centre. Disc fleshy, annular, short, mouth
8-9-crenate. Stamens 8-9, inserted on the edge of the disc;
filaments flat, 07 mm. long, white-hairy in the upper half;
anthers oblong, 1 mm. long. Ovary depressed-globose, silicate
opposite the anthers, i*8 mm. long, glabrous, 3-celled; style short,
stout; stigma peltate, 2*5 mm. diam., faintly 3-lobed, glabrous.
Fruit subglobose to obovoid, 3-5 cm. long, brown when dry; stalk
stout, woody. Seed fleshy, oblong, 2*5 cm. long, 1*3 cm. diam.,
basal areola large, slightly oblique.

Banks of the Segama River, 310 ft., fl. and fr. Jan., P. Orolfo
in Herb. For. Dept. 1319. " Tree 20 ft. high and 3 in. diam.;
fl. reddish: seeds eaten by the local people.”

Mischocarpus fuscescens Bl. [Sapindaceae].

Bundu, fl. June, T. Goklin in Herb. For. Dept. 1305. “ Fl.
yellow.”

Mischocarpus sumatranus Bl. [Sapindaceae].

Kinabatangan, fr. March, B. Evangelista in Herb. For. Dept.
1235. " Tree 30 ft. high, 6 in. diam., in forest.”

Spatholobus ferrugineus Benth. [Papilionaceae],

Nunuya, fl. May, Md. Tahir in Herb. For. Dept. 1300. “Fl.
red.”

Dalbergia parviflora Roxb. [Papilionaceae].

Pin River, fr. Sept., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1243. “ Fr.

green. Orang Sungei name: Lake ”; Tanjong Bulat, Arsat in
Herb. For. Dept. 1299. “ Orang Sungei name : Dorilak .”

Crudia bantamensis Koord. et Val. [Caesalpiniaceae].

Pin River, young fr. Sept., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1244.
“ Tree 50 ft. high, 13 in. diam.; fr. red. Orang Sungei name:
Papereng.”

Saraca lanceolata Men. [Caesalpiniaceae].

Lunut, fl. Aug., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1251. “ Tree 50 ft.

high, 10 in. diam.; fl, yellow. Orang Sungei name : Pamparang ” ;
Lukan, fr. March, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1202. “ In high forest;
fr. green. Orang Sungei name : Bulanut."

The legume is narrowly oblong, flat, attenuate at both ends,
apex mucronate, glabrous, 15*5-19 cm. long, 3*5-6-5 cm. wide, the
dorsal margin undulate.

Terminalia laurinoides Teijsm. et Binn. [Combretaceae].

Lukan, fl. March, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1205. “ Tree 50 ft.
high, 9 in. diam.; fl. white. Orang Sungei name : Dam-pirut."

Leptospermum amboinense Bl. [Myrtaceae].

Sandakan, near the catchment area, 600 ft., fl. Sept., G. Pascual
in Herb. For. Dept. 1218. “ Fl. white. Orang Murut name:
Kandis-kandis .”

179

Eugenia Foxworthyana RidL [Myrtaceae].

Pin River, £L. March, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1346. “ Tree

20 ft. high, in forest; fl. white. Orang Sungei name : Paumpung”

Melastoma malabathricum Linn, [Melastomaceae],

Batn Puteh, fl. May, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1261. “ Shrub

10 ft. high. Orang Sungei name : Gasing.”

Homalium caryophyllaceum Bl. [Samydaceae],

Batu Puteh, fl. Feb., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1345. “ Tree
50 ft. high, 20 in. diam., in forest. Malay name : Kamuring ”

Timonius mutabilis Walp. [Rubiaceae],

Membakut, fl. July, Md. Tahir in Herb. For. Dept. 1221. “ Shrub
8 ft. high; fl. golden-yellow. Brunei name : Rantap.”

Ixora grandiflora Zoll. et Mor. [Rubiaceae].

Batu Puteh, fl. Feb., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1340. “ Tree
25 ft. high, 12 in. diam.; fl. yellow. Orang Sungei name : Manpur.”

Randia Keithii C. E. C. Fischer, sp. nov. [Rubiaceae]; R.
urantherae C. E. C. Fischer proxima, sed foliis multo minoribus
nervorum a xillis foveolatis, stipulis multo latioribus quam longiori-
bus, floribus pedunculatis, staminibus numerosioribus haud caudatis.

A small tree, glabrous except the inflorescence, twigs terete,
hollow, dark-olivaceous when dry, minutely verruculose. Leaves
when dry rigidly chartaceous, dark-olivaceous above, paler below,
nanrowly elliptic to ovate-elliptic, often subfalcate, acute at both
ends, 5*5-9 cm. long, 1*5-3 cm. wide, lateral nerves 4-6 pairs,
distant, arching and uniting near the slightly revolute margins,
slightly impressed above, sometimes obscure, the axils pitted;
petioles 2 mm. long, rugulose; stipules 2-3 mm. long, very much
wider, abruptly acute. Flowers sessile, axillary, solitary or in pairs,
on a stout peduncle 2 mm. long; bracts broadly ovate, acute,
usually keeled, semi-amplexicaul, 2-5-3*5 mm. long, fulvous-ciliate;
bracteoles similar, i*5-2*5 mm. long. Calyx narrowly turbinate,
8 mm. long, lobes 5, sometimes with 1-2 smaller ones interposed,
triangular, acute or subacute, 1 mm. long, fulvous-ciliate, produced
4 mm. above the ovary, clothed within with appressed, fulvous,
ascending hairs. Corolla-tube slender, 5*5-6 cm. long, 2*6 and 7 mm.
diam. at base and apex respectively; segments 6-7, oblong,
rounded, 3*3 cm. long, 1*6 cm. wide. Stamens 8, included; filaments
very slender, 1*5 mm. long, inserted about 1*2 cm. below the mouth
of die corolla-tube; anthers narrowly linear, 8 mm. long, versatile,
bearing very few setae at the apex, connective produced into a short
mucro. Ovary 2-celled, crown shortly produced into the calyx-tube ;
ovule solitary in each cell; style slender, 2 cm. long, glabrous;
stigma narrowly davate, 3 mm. long. Fruit unknown.

Forest Reserve Sandakan, 500 ft., Feb., H. G. Keith in Herb. For.
Dept. 1215. “ Tree 25 ft. high, 3 in. diam.; fl. white. Second
growth forest."

180

Petunga pentamera C. E. C. Fischer , sp. nov. [Rubiaceae]; P.
gracili Korth. valde affinis, sed foliis angustioribus, racemis longi-
oribus, bracteolis minoribus, pedicellis longioribus, floribus
pentameris.

A tree, glabrous except the inflorescence; twigs dark-brown
when dry, the two or three distal intemodes sulcate and slightly
flattened below the node, 6-10 cm. long. Leaves distichous, chart-
aceous and brown when dry, paler below, elliptic, acute or shortly
acuminate, base acute, inequilateral, 10-17 cm * l° n g> 27-5‘5 p m -
wide, midrib prominent below, lateral nerves 9-11 pairs, ascending,
curved and uniting near the margins ; petioles narrowly channelled
above, 1-1*5 cm * long ; stipules ensiform from a wide base, acumin¬
ate, 0*8-1 *4 cm. long. Racemes axillary, slender, 12-20 cm. long,
puberulous upwards, naked for about 2 cm. at the base, angled by
the decurrent nodes ; flowers solitary or more usually twin, rarely
3 together ; bracteoles triangular, minute ; pedicels 1-1*2 mm. long.
Calyx narrowly campanulate, 2*5 mm. long, more or less 5-angled,
produced 0*7 mm. above the ovary, clothed within with appressed
ascending hairs; teeth 5, triangular, minute. Corolla fleshy;
tube cyhndric and 5-fluted below, suddenly much widened at the
mouth, 2*5 mm. long ; lobes 5, overlapping to the left in bud, ovate,
rounded, 2 mm. long, mouth hairy. Stamens 5 ; filaments very
short, attached a short distance below the mouth of the corolla;
anthers linear, wider near the acute, shortly exserted apex, 2 mm.
long. Ovary 2-cefled; ovules 2 in each cell; style slender, 2*2 mm.
long, shortly patently hairy except at the base; stigmas 2, ovate-
lanceolate, 1*25 mm. long, puberulous without. Fruit (immature)
pyriform, crowned by the appressed calyx-teeth, 7*5 mm. long,
3*5 mm. diam., black.

Batu Puteh, fl. May, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1268. " Tree
30 ft. high, 6 in. diam.” This species with 5-merous flowers requires
an amplification of the generic description, all the other species
being 4-merous. All other features are so distinctly those character¬
istic of Petunga that it cannot be excluded from that genus.

Payena Suringariana Burck [Sapotaceae].

Kuyuk Kabun, fl. April, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1330.
" Forest tree 20 ft. high, 8 in. diam.; fl. red. Orang Sungei name :
AmpalangP

Symplocos superba Brand [Symplocaceae].

Forest Reserve Sandakan, 500 ft., fl. Feb., H . G. Keith in Herb.
For. Dept. 1216. ‘'Second forest growth shrub 10 ft. high; fl. white.”

Linociera pluriflora Knoll. [Oleaceae],

The frait was unknown when the species was described. Two
sheets lying in the Kew Herbarium and others received recently,
identified with this species, bear fruit; one sheet has both flowers
and fruit. These specimens agree perfectly in the vegetative parts

181

with the sheet of the type number (Beccari 915) in the Kew
Herbarium.

Drupe obovate-ellipsoid, woody, walls very thick, 0-8-1*5 cm.
long, o-6-i cm. wide, dark-brown to black when dry, prominently
waited, the warts rugulose. The bark of the twigs is whitish or
pale-brown. All the specimens are from Borneo.

Sarawak, Beccari 3521; British North Borneo : East Coast,
Governor Creagh (the description is mainly from this sheet, which
also bears a flowering shoot); Tanjong Bulat, fr. Nov., Arsat
in Herb. For. Dept. 1297. “ A tree 80 ft. high, 25 in. diam.” ; Pin
River, fl. Sept., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1245. “A tree 40 ft. high,
12 in. diam.; fl. red. Orang Sungei name : Parumpung .”

I suspect that Linociera verruculosa Merr. is this species, but I
have not seen a specimen.

Rauwolfia sumatrana Jack [Apocynaceae].

Tanjong Pang, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1207. " Forest tree
40ft.high,6in.diam.; fl. yellow. Orang Dusunname : Tanibirag”

Cinnamomum iners Reinw. [Lauraceae].

Tanjong Pang, fl. Feb., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1208. “ In
forest; fl. yellow. Orang Sungei name : Salirmd."

Litsea sebifera Bl. [Lauraceae].

Kamangsian, fl. June, T. Goklin in Herb. For. Dept. 1302.
** Brunei name : Anjarubi .”

Enkleia malaccensis Griff. [Thymelaeaceae],

Lunut, fr. Aug., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1249.

Scurrula ferruginea Danser [Loranthaceae].

Batu Puteh, Kinabatangan, fl. June, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept.
1278.

Aleurites moluccana Willi. [Euphorbiaceae].

Sandakan, 120 ft., fl. Dec., L. Apostal in Herb. For. Dept. 1311.
" Kemirih-Malay name: Buaktas”

Mallotus floribundus Muell.-Arg. [Euphorbiaceae].

Memampagar, Beaufort, 50 ft., fr. April, Bayak in Herb. For.
Dept. 1290. " Tree 40 ft. high, 16 in. diam. Orang Murut name :
Marambokon.”

Ficus consociata Bl. [Moraceae].

Kuyak Kabun, fr. March, Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1325.
“ Tree 70 ft. high, 12 in. diam.; fr. green/’

Gastanopsis tungurrut Bl. [Cupuliferae].

Beaufort, 60 ft., fr. May, R. B. Cabiling in Herb. For. Dept. 1312.
M Tree 15 ft, high, 5 in. diam.; fr. green.”

Vanilla Griffith!! Reichb. f. [Orchidaceae].

Without locality, fl. Sept., Mi. Tahir in Herb. For. Dept. 1233.
<f Fl. yellow,”

Peliosanth.es albida Baker [Haemodoraceae].

Lahad Datu, Tapadeng Hill, 350 ft., fr. Dec., P. Orolfo in Herb.
For. Dept. 1315. “ Fr. blueish."

XXIII.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF
TROPICAL AMERICA : XI.* J. Lanjouw (Utrecht).

New Euphorbiaceae collected by the Oxford University
Expedition to British Guiana, 1929.

Some Euphorbiaceae from the material collected by Mr. N. Y.
Sandwith seemed at once very interesting to the present author,
when they were shown to him by the collector during a visit to the
Kew Herbarium. Mr. Sandwith was so kind as to lend him these
specimens for determination. Both of them proved to be new
species, while one of them could not even be placed in an already
existing genus and a new genus has to be founded on it. The
descriptions and some remarks follow.

Pausandra integrifolia Lanj., sp. nov.; ab omnibus speciebus
hucusque cognitis floribus trimeris, petalis sicut sepalis liberis
distinguitur.

Arbor parva. Ramuli tenues, teretes, glabri. Folia altema,
petiolata; petiolus 3-9 cm. longus, supra canaliculatus, apice
incrassatulus, pilis brevibus rigidis adpressis sparse vestitus,
glabrescens; limbus 12-28 cm. longus, 4-9 cm. latus, oblongus vel
oblanceolato-oblongus, basi acutus subcuneatus, apice longe
cuspidato-acuminatus, acumine fere 1*5-2 cm. longo, rigide
membranaceus vel subcoriaceus, ima basi glandulis binis minut-
issimis praedita, margine integerrimo vix revoluto, utrinque glaber,
supra subnitidus olivaceo-brunneus, subtus opacus oHvaceo-viridis,
nervis utrinque praesertim subtus prominentibus costae arcuatae
utrinque 12-14 nervatura tertiana reticulata. Flores monoici.
Paniculae masculae terminates, 20-35 cm. longae, rhachi gracili
adpresse flavescenti-pilosa parte inferiore longiuscule ramosa,
floribus in axillis bractearum parvarum intus glabrarum extus pilis
flavis brevibus dense vestitarum glomerulatis, breviter pedunculatis,
ramulis superioribus 1*5-4 cm * distantibus; pedicelli fere 5 mm .
longi, pilis brevibus vestiti. Sepala 3, 4 mm. longa, late ovata,
imbricata, apice et margine a vicinis tecto tenuia glabra imperfecta,
ceterum extus pilis brevibus flavis adpressis dense vestita, intus
fusca glabra. Petala 3, libera, fere 5 mm. longa, suborbicularia,
concava, apice recurva, late truncata, margine revoluta, extus
adpresse pilosa, intus glabra. Discus brevis, cupulatus, pilis longis
flavis erectis dense vestitus. Stamina 8, quorum unum centrale,
filamentis longis discum multo superantibus, gracilibus, atro-fuscis,
glabris; antherae oblongae, introrsae, longitudinaliter dehiscentes,
apice lato obtuso subtruncato. Fructus pedicello 14-37 mm. longo
crasso sulcato pubescente apice incrassato suffultus, subglobosus.

♦Continued from K.B. 1932, 93.

7-8 mm. diametiens, pubescens, apice subapplanatus et reliquiis
stylorum probabiliter indivisorum brevissimorum fortasse i mm.
longorum coronatus, basi reliquiis disci ut in flore masculo proba¬
biliter brevis cupulati pills longis vestiti circumdatus, 3-locularis,
seminibus statu sicco valde applanatis.

British Guiana. Cuyuni River: plentiful in mixed hilly
forest on right bank below Akaio Falls, November 22nd, Sandwith
650 (type); a low tree with pale green petals. Duplicates are
distributed to Utrecht, New York, Rio de Janeiro and Berlin.

This species differs widely from the species which are at present
known in the genus Pausandra, though the plant certainly belongs
to it. The flowers are trimerous, and the petals as well as the sepals
are free. By these characteristics alone one can distinguish the
species from all the others. There is in this respect some similarity
with P. Martinii Baill. but the latter species has different leaves and
much smaller flowers (Mr. Eyma was so kind as to compare the
plant with the specimen of P. Martinii in the Paris Herbarium). It
is impossible to say whether the floral characteristics of P. Martinii
resemble those of the new species, because there was no opportunity
of studying flowers.

The characteristics by which the new species differs from all
the others are, however, important enough to divide the genus
Pausandra into two sections, of which descriptions and species
follow beneath.

Sect. I. Eupausandra Lanj., sect. nov.

Flores sympetali, lobis 5. Sepala connata. Folia
dentata vel serrata.

P. Monsiana Radik. ; P. megalophylla Mull. Arg.;

P. Trianae Baill.; P. quadriglandulosa Pax et K.

Hoffm.; P. macropetala Ducke; P. macrostachya

Ducke; P. extorris Standley; P. flagellorhachis

Lanj.

Sect. II. Pausandrella Lanj., sect. nov.

Petala 3, libera. Sepala 3, libera. Folia integra
(an interdum dentata ?).

P. integrifolia Lanj.; (?) P. Martinii Baill.

Sandwithia Lanj., gen. nov.; Euphorhacearum genus incertae
sedis, probabiliter Cluytieis attribuendum, Sagotiae fortasse affine.

Flos masculus in alabastro globosus. Sepala 2 vel 3, valvata (an
semper?), ovata, concava. Petala 3 vel 4, in alabastro valde
imbricata, oblongavel suborbicularia. Disci glandulae 2-4, episepalae.
Stamina ultra 20, filamentis liberis, petalis subaequilonga; antherae
erectae, oblongae vel ovato-oblongae, longitudinaliter dehiscentes.
Ovarii rudimentum nullum. Flos femineus in alabastro oblongus.
Calyx tubulosus, lobis 4, oblongis. Petala 4, parva, decidua.
Discus tenuis, cupulatus, undulatus. Ovarium 3-loculare; styli
3, erecti, filiformes, basi connati, 2-partiti. Ovula in loculis solitaria,
carunculis magnis coronata. Capsula tridyma, in coccos bivalves

184

a columella persistente dissiliens. Semen ovoideum carunculatum;
testa Crustacea; albumen camosum; cotyledones latae, planae.—
Arbores glabrescentes. Folia altema, petiolata, stipulata, integra,
penninervia. Flores feminei in racemos tenninales breves dispositi,
pedicellati, bracteis mediocribus subtenti, ebracteolati. Flores
masculi in paniculas racemos simulantes terminales breves dispositi,
pedicellati, bracteis minutis vel nullis.

Fig. 1 . Sandmthia guyanensis Lanj. Female flower (without petals).

S. guyanensis Lanj., sp. nov.

Arbor* parva, 6 m. alta vel altior, in silvis variis abundans.
Famuli juveniles sicut petioli pilis minutissimis adpressis sparse
vestiti, mox glabrescentes, cinerascentes, lenticellati. Pdiolus
supra canaliculatas, 1*5—3*5 cm. longus, paulo incrassatus et rugis
transversis praeditus. Stipulae extus sparse praesertim in nervo
mediano intus dense pilis flavis adpressis, eodem modo ut gemmae,
vestitae, triangulari-ovatae, longe acuminatae. Foliorum limbus
( 4 * 5 ) 8*5-25 cm. longus, (1-5) 2*5-9-5 cm. latus, oblongus vel obovatus
vel obovato-lanceolatus vel ellipticus, basi rotundatus vel acutus vel
cuneatus, apice acuminatus vel cuspidato-acuminatus, integer,
subchartaceus, glaberrimus, supra glaucescens, subtus brunneo^
olivaceus; costae secundariae utrinque praesertim subtus promin-
entes. Flores masculi in paniculas terminales dispositi. Panicula
ramulum minutum abbreviatum lignescentem terminans, racemi-
formis, pilosa, e pedunculis unifloris fere 2 cm. longis composita.
Famuli parte lignescente 1 vel 2 gemmas ferentes, anno proximo
paniculam secundariam procreantes. Bracteae parvae, triangulares,
pilosae, deciduae. Pedicelli sparse pilosi, 5-7 mm. longi. Sepala

185

2 vel 3, valvata (an semper ?), ovata, concava, 2-3 mm. longa, acuta,
apice pills penicillatis praedita. Petala 3 vel 4, alba, imbricata,
oblonga vel suborbicularia, utrinque brevissime pubescentia, margine
ciliata. Disci glandttlae 2-4, episepalae, breves, crassae, squami-
formes. Receptaculum pilosum. Stamina 23-26, filamentis liberis
glabris petalis subaequilongis; antherae erectae, oblongae vel
ovato-oblongae, connectivis basi dilatatis, longitudinaliter dehis-
centes. Flores femmei in racemos terminales breves 2-3 cm. longos
dispositi, rhachi pedicellisque sparse pilosis. Bracteae mediocres,
4-3 mm. longae, triangulari-lanceolatae, acutae. Pedicelli 8-10 mm.
longi. Calyx viridis, circiter 7 mm. longus, tubulosus, utrinque
praesertim margine pilis minutis sparse vestitus, usque ad tertiam
partem fere a basi incisus, lobis 4 oblongis obtusis. Petala 4,
lanceolata vel oblonga, margine pilosa, minuta, decidua. Discus
tenuis, cupulatus, undulatus. Ovarium 1-25 mm. longum, 3-loculare,
densissime pilosum; styli 3, 9 mm. longi, basi 1*5 mm. connati, apice
bipartiti, sparse pilosi. Ovula in loculis solitaria, carunculis magnis
coronata. Capsula subglobosa, circiter 12 mm. longa. Semen
ovoideum, 8-10 mm. longum, 5-6 mm. latum, brunneum,
carunculatum.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, near
Bartica, fl. and fr. August 26th, Sandwith 125a (type female),
125b (type male) : a low tree, up to about 20 ft. high, plentiful in
various types of forest; petals of male flowers pure white; female
flowers green. Demerara River, fl. June, Jenman 6650 (male and
female). On hills, Waini River, N.W. District, fl. November,
Anderson (Forestry Department) 961 (male). Weri-Werai-Kura
Creek, Essequibo River, fl. August 1930, Martyn 197 (male). Bartica,
fl. and fr. November 1888, Jenman 4817.

Mr. Paul Richards, who studied the ecology of the forests by the
Moraballi Creek, writes that this small tree ** occurred in all types of
forest, but only very sparingly in Mora and Wallaba (one and three
individuals over 4 ins. diam., respectively, on plots 400 ft. square);
the greatest abundance was in Greenheart (52 individuals over 4 in.
diam. on this plot), but the tree was also fairly abundant in Mixed
and Morabukea.”

This genus ought to be placed with the Chrozophoreae, and there
somewhere near Grosser a, by reason of its valvate male calyx,
according to Pax and Hoffmann in Naturliche Pflanzenfamilien, Band
19 c (1931), though the species has not many other characteristics
in common with this group. However, the importance of the valvate
calyx should not be over-estimated, as is indicated by the following
quotation from Bentham.* “ No character, however important on
some occasions, should be allowed to override all others on all
occasions. The valvate male calyx, for instance, to which Mueller
gives on most occasions so absolute a tribal value as to make the

*G. Bentham, Notes on Euphorbiaceae in Joum. Linn. Soc. Bot, xviL
188 ( 1878 ).

186

Fig. 2. Sandwiihia guyanensis Lanj. Inflorescence, a, short shoot of
some years ago; b, short shoot of the last year ; c, inflorescence-buds;
d, axis; e, peduncle; f, pedicel.

most unnatural combinations, is never allowed even generic value
by Baillon, because of its inconstancy in Croton, whereas in many
cases it certainly has no exceptions." Besides, there seemed to be
a slight indication of an imbricate calyx in a few cases. It will
therefore be better to place the genus with the Cluytieae and, within
this tribe, near Sctgotia, though important differences still remain
which distinguish this genus, as may be seen from the generic
diagnosis. However, a better position could not be found.

The genus has been named after Mr. N. Y. Sandwith, who has
done much work on the Guiana flora in general, and who also
collected the type of this plant and traced several specimens which
belong to this genus among the indeterminatae in the Kew
Herbarium.

Duplicate material is available for the Herbaria of Utrecht, Rio
de Janeiro, New York, Berlin and Paris.

187

XXIV.—AFRICAN ORCHIDS : III * V. S. Summerhayes.
Habenaria (§ Diphyllae) Lelyi Summerhayes, sp. nov.; ex affinitate
H. Ntcholsoni Rolfe, H. odoratae Schltr. et H. Debeerstinae De Wild.,
a quibus petalis late lanceolatis subacuminatis a sepala dorsali
liberis, labelli lobis lanceolatis medio lateralibus panlo latiore,
brachiis stigmatiferis subfusiformibus differt.

Hetba terrestris. Folium singulum, radicale, humistratum,
suborbiculare, 2-5 cm. longum, 4-5 cm. latum, subcaraosum. Scapus
erectus, 36 cm. altus, teres, cataphyllis acutis vel acuminatis vagin-
antibus instructus. Racemus ad 9-fiorus, 10 cm. longus; bracteae
lanceolatae, acuminatae, usque 2*5 cm. longae. Flores suberecti, albi.
Sepahim intermedium lanceolato-ovatum, acutum, 7 mm. longum,
3*5 mm. latum, concavum, trinervium; sepala lateralia oblique
lanceolata, subacuminata, 8*5 mm. longa, 4 mm. lata. Petala late
lanceolata, subfalcata vel fere recta, subacuminata, 7 mm. longa,
3 mm. lata. Ldbelltim trilobum, parte basali indivisa 2-5 mm. longa ;
lobus intermedius anguste lanceolatus, acutus, 7 mm. longus,
2-25 mm. latus; lobi laterales lineari-lanceolati, acuti, intermedio
aequilongi, 1-5 mm. lati; calcar dependens, gracile, apicem versus
leviter ampliatum, fere 3 cm. longum. Anthera erecta, 2*5 mm. alta,
canalibus brevibus circiter 0*5 mm. longis; brachia stigmatifera
subfusiformia.

Northern Nigeria. Ropp, 1380 m., July 1921, Lely 457.

This species belongs apparently to a small group in sect. Diphyllae
possessing simple petals. Nine other species have been described
but it is doubtful if they are all distinct. H. Lelyi is apparently
rather isolated in this group, the free petals being a distinctive
character. In addition it differs from all the other species in having
the middle lobe of the lip wider than the lateral lobes.

Habenaria Johnsoni Rolfe in Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. vii. 571 (1898).

A re-examination of the type specimen shows that there are
several very serious errors in the original description of this species.

In the first place Rolfe states that the petals are simple, and by
assigning it to No. 33b in the Flora suggests that its affinity is with
H. Nicholsoni Rolfe or perhaps H. vaginata A. Rich. Now the
general structure of the flower is totally at variance with these
species, but on the other hand agrees very closely with that of JET.
stylites Rchb. f. et S. Moore, H. subarmata Rchb. f., H. armatissima
Rchb. f. and other allied species, all of which possess bipartite petals.
The rather poorly preserved flower available for dissection from the
type of H. Johnsoni also was found to possess an anterior segment
to one of the petals, the corresponding segment on the other petal
having been broken off. The segment found is very narrow and
was obviously overlooked by Rolfe.

In the second place the spur is described as being 1 lin. (2 mm.)
long in the original description. This is evidently a typographical
error for n lin. (23 mm), as an examination of the flower shows.

♦Continued from K.B. 1931 , 390 .

188

The description should therefore be amended as follows:—

" Petala bipartita ; partitio posterior lineari-lanceolata, falcata,
9 mm. longa, 1*5 mm. lata, sepalo intermedio agglutinata ; partitio
anterior linearis, subacuta, 8*5 mm. longa, 0-4 mm. lata. Calcar
cylindricum, rectum, 23 mm. longum.”

H. Johnsoni is very closely allied to H. stylites and indeed may
yet prove to be conspecific with the latter, representing merely a
small under-developed specimen. In the material at present
available they differ in the following points. In H. Johnsoni the
plant is much smaller while the perianth segments are smaller.
The lip is, however, about the same length, but whereas in H.
stylites it is divided for three-quarters of its length, in H. Johnsoni
the lobes and undivided part are equal in length. Moreover the
lobes are all considerably wider in Rolfe's species than in H. stylites .
The gynostegium agrees very well in the two species. In view
therefore of the considerable geographical remoteness of the two
species and the above features it seems desirable for the present to
keep them distinct.

Habenaria cirrhata Rchb. /. in Flora, 1865, 180. H . Schwein-
furthii Rchb. f. Otia Bot. Hamburg, i. 58 (1878). H. Zenkeriana
Kraenzl. in Engl. Jahrb. xix. 247 (1894). H. longistigma Rolfe in
Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. vii. 248 (1898) . H. Dawei Rolfe in Kew Bull.
1912, 154. H. megistosolen Schltr. in Engl. Jahrb. liii. 512 (1915).

A careful examination of the type specimens of all the above
species except H. Schweinfurthii convinces me that it is impossible
to separate them by any constant characters. Indeed there is
considerable variation in the length of the parts, particularly the
spur, and in the shape and size of the leaves. I have been fortunate
in being able to examine a number of different gatherings from a
relatively limited area (Northern Nigeria), and among these, coupled
with considerable constancy in the reproductive organs, I have
found even greater variety in the other floral members and vegetative
parts than can be found in all the “ species ” cited above.

Schlechter states that H. cirrhata is confined to Ma dag ascar,
without indicating in any way how it differs from the Tropical
African species he recognises; there seem to be no significant
differences between them. It should be noticed that Rolfe’s descrip¬
tion in the Flora of Tropical Africa, which, judging from his comments,
was drawn up from Madagascar specimens, is wrong in several
particulars. Among others the lengths of the anterior and posterior
segments of the petals have been transposed; it is the anterior lobe
which is the longer.

I have been unable to examine the type specimen of H. Schwein-
furthn Rchb. 1, which is apparently at neither Berlin nor Vienna,
but from the description I think there is no doubt that it is the same
as H. ctrrhata Rchb. f.

189

As a result of the above reductions the distribution of H. cirrhata
Rchb. f. is seen to extend from Togoland in the west to Madagascar
in the east and from Abyssinia in the north to Nyasaland and
Rhodesia in the south, practically the whole of Tropical Africa south
of the Sahara.

Habenaria Holubii Rolfe in Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. vii. 249 (1898).
H. rhopcdoceras Schltr. in Warb. Kunene Samb. Exped. 207 (1903).
H. valida Schltr. in Engl. Jahrb. xxxviii. 148 (1906). H. Hennigiana
Schltr. in Engl. Jahrb. liii. 511 (1915).

On examination of the type specimens of the above species ”
it is clear that they are all conspecific and the oldest epithet, Holubii,
must therefore be adopted for the species. It is not clear in what
ways Schlechter considered his species to differ from one another,
and indeed I have been unable to find any satisfactory differences.
The shape of the leaves differs in individuals, while the relation
between the lengths of the middle and side lobes of the lip is also a
variable character; the middle lobe, however, is always distinctly
longer than the lateral ones. In a series of specimens from Northern
Nigeria the variation in this respect is well shown.

The key on page 211 of the Flora of Tropical Africa is extremely
misleading since it reads :—

“ Side lobes of lip twice as long as the front lobe

105 H. rhopalostigma

106 H. Holubii.”

A comparison with the description on page 249 and with the specimen
shows that in H. Holubii it is the front lobe which is much the longer.
The species is thus distributed from Togoland and Nigeria through
the Belgian Congo into southern Tanganyika Territory, Angola and
Bechuanaland.

Habenaria (§ Ceratopetala) phylacocheira Summerhayes, sp.
nov.; verosimiliter H. Holubii Rchb. f. aflinis, a qua foliis flori-
busque minoribus, petali lobo posteriore lanceolato, anteriore polli-
ciformi quam posteriore triplo breviore facile distinguenda.

Herba terrestris, 30-45 cm. alta. Folia dua infima ad vaginas
reducta, superiora 6-7 lanceolata, acuta, basi vaginantia, usque
8 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata, sursum sensim decrescentia summo caule
in bracteas abeuntia. Racemus pauciflorus, floribus inclusis usque
8 cm. longus ; bracteae lanceolatae, acutae vel acuminatae, 2-4 cm.
longae, ovario pedicellato multo breviores. Flores satis magni,
suberecti, partim virides, partim albi, glabri. Sepalum intermedium
oblongo-ovatum vel elliptico-ovatum, obtusum, 11-12 mm. longum,
7 mm. latum; sepala lateralia oblique semi-obovata, apiculata,
12-14 mm. longa, 7-8 mm. lata. Petda tribus quartis superioribus
bifida, in toto 9-10 mm. longa; lobus posterior lanceolatus, acutus,
6 mm. longus, 2-2-5 mm. latus; lobus anterior curvato-pollici-
formis, apice rotundatus, 2 mm. longus, 1 mm. latus. Labelhtm
trifidum; pars indivlsa 2-5~4'5 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata; lobus

190

intermedins linearis, acutus, 10-12 mm. longus, 1-1-75 mm. latus;
lobi laterales intermedio similes, 3-5 mm. longi, 0*5 mm. lati; calcar
dependens, medio gracile, apice valde inflatum, 3-4 cm. longum.
Anther a erecta, 5-6 mm. alta, canalibus leviter incurvatis 8*5 mm.
longis. Brachia stigmatifera porrecta, apice valde incrassata
connata, 9-10 mm. longa ; rostelli lobus intermedins elongato-
triangularis, 3 mm. longus, basi 1*5 mm. latus. Ovarium 2-5-3 cm.
longum.

Northern Nigeria. Ropp, 1380 m., July 1921, Lely 451 (type).
Vom, Bauchi Plateau, 800-1350 m., Bent Young.

It is difficult to say from inspection whether this remarkable
species bears in addition radical leaves or not, although the cauline
ones certainly seem inadequate. Probably the nearest relative of
the species is H. Holubii Rchb. f. in which, however, the petal
segments are totally different, while the flowers are considerably
larger. The almost complete suppression of the anterior petal-lobe,
which in sect. Ceratopetalum is usually so long and fleshy, is a striking
feature of H. phylacocheira. The name, which is derived from <£uAa£,
a guard and yelp, a hand, is given in allusion to the position of the
peculiarly shaped petals on each side of the anther.

Habenaria obovata Summerhayes , sp. nov. ; H. epipactideae
Rchb. f. similis, sed foliis pro rata latioribus, floribus bene minoribus,
labelli lobis lateralibus intermedio paulo longioribus facile distin-
guenda.

Herba terrestris 15-30 cm., rarius usque 40 cm., alta. Folia 3-4,
caulis basin versus exorientia, lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata,
acuta, basi vaginantia, usque 9 cm. longa et 1*7 cm. lata, supeme in
bracteas descrescentia. Racemus anguste cylindricus, 5-11 cm.
longus, usque 2 cm. diametro, subdense pluri- vel multi-floras;
bracteae lanceolatae, acuminatae, 7-17 mm. longae. Flores
adscendentes, virides. Sepalum intermedium oblongo-ovatum,
subacutum, 5 mm. longum, 2-S-3-5 mm. latum; sepala lateralia
oblique semiovata, subacuta vel obtusa, acuminata, 5-6 mm. longa,
2-5-3 mm. lata, reflexa. Petala oblique obovata, obtusissima,
margine anteriore dilatata, distincte venosa, 3-5-5 mm. longa, supra
medium 3-4 mm. lata. Labellum ex ungue 2-5-3 mm. longo tripar-
titum 1 partitio intermedia linearis, 5-6 mm. longa, 0-8-1 mm. lata ;
partitiones laterales lineares, plus minusve falcatim recurvatae,
5*5~6'5 mm. longae, o-6~o-8 mm. latae; calcar dependens, apice
unilateraliter valde inflatum, 10-13 mm. longum. Anther a inclinata,
2*75 mm. longa, canalibus brevibus. Brachia stigmatifera apice
valde incrassata, 2-5-3 mm. longa. Ovarium circiter 1 cm. longum.

Cameroons. Cameroons Mountain: upper slopes, 2400 m.,
Johnston 29 (type); 2100-3000 m., very frequent, Dec. 1929,
Maitland 804; no precise locality, comm. 1896, Miss Kingsley .

A remarkable species without any near relative known to me.
The obovate very broad petals are also found in H. epipactidea

191

Rchb. f. and its allies, but there is otherwise little in common between
the two species. H. obovata seems to be confined to the upper slopes
of the Cameroons Mountain.

The structure of the column, with its two somewhat diverging
arms bearing the anther loculi at each end, is reminiscent of the
structure in sect, Midtipartitae and indeed there is nothing funda¬
mental in the flower at variance with the characters of that section.
In this connection it is interesting to note that in H. rhombocorys
Schltr. the side lobes of the lip are entire, but the structure is other¬
wise that of sect. Midtipartitae. H. obovata differs so much, how¬
ever, from the species of the section that it seems scarcely advisable
to include it.

Habenaria Walleri Rchb. f. in Otia Bot. Hamburg. 98 (1881).
H. Soyauxii Kraenzl. in Engl. Jahrb. xvi. 93 (1892).

Examination of the type specimens of the two species leaves no
doubt that they are the same. The species is widely distributed in
Tropical Africa, occurring from Northern Nigeria through the
Cameroons to Uganda and the Sudan in the north and Nyasaland
and the Zambesi in the south-east.

Habenaria longirostris Summerhayes, sp. nov.; species valde
insignis perianthii segmentis angustis elongatis linearibus vel
lanceolatis acuminatis, petalis longiuscule ciliatis, rostelli lobo
intermedio elongato truncato apice leviter 3-dentato supra antheram
valde eminente, stigmatibus pro rata brevibus distinctissima.

Herba terrestris, usque 60 cm. alta. Folia 4-7, 2-3 infima ad
vaginas reducta, intermedia lanceolato-ovata usque late ovata, acuta
vel subacuminata, basi vaginantia, usque 13 cm. longa et 5 (rarius
7'5) cm, lata, infra inflorescentiam subito descrescentia, suprema
bracteis similia. Racemus cylindricus, subdense vel dense multi-
floras, 12-30 cm. longus, circiter 6 cm. diametro; bracteae late
lanceolatae vel lanceolatae, acuminatae, 1-5-3-5 cm. longae, ovarium
pedicellatum aequantes vel superantes. Flores adscendentes vel
erecto-patentes, magni, petalis et sepalo intermedio albidis exceptis
virides, sauveolentes. Sepalum intermedium lanceolatum, acutum,
concavum, 12-18 mm. longum, 2*5-3 mm. latum, trinervium;
sepala lateralia oblique falcatim lanceolata, basi margine antice
rotundata dilatata, acuminata, 16-20 mm. longa, 4-5 mm. lata.
Petala duobus trientibus superioribus biloba, dimidio .inferiore cum
sepalo intermedio conglutinata, marginibus praesertim supeme
dense longiuscule ciliata, in toto 13-18 mm. longa, basi 1*25-2 mm.
lata; lobi lineares, acuti, posterior 9-12 mm. longus, 0*75 mm. latus,
anterior 7-10 mm. longus, posteriore angustior. LabeUum ex ungue
4-5 mm. longo et 2 mm. lato tripartitum, partitionibus anguste
linearibus acutis plus minusve incurvatis, intermedia 17-23 mm.
longa, lateralibus 15-18 mm. longis; calcar basi tenue, supeme
modice ampliatum, subacutum, 15-20 mm. longum. Anthera
erecta, 2*5-3 mm. alia-, canalibus gracilibus leviter incurvatis

192

2-5-3 mm. longis, staminodiis oblongis brevibus circiter 0-7 mm.
longis. BracJna stigmatifera crassiuscula, apice incrassata, 3-4 mm.
longa ; rostelli lobus intermedius basi triangularis, supeme anguste
oblongus, apice truncatus leviter 3-dentatus, 4-5 mm. longus,
antheram valde superans, dense papillatus. Ovarium 10-16 mm.
longum, saepius curvatum.

Northern Nigeria. Naraguta, July 1921, Lely 462 (type);
Vom, Bauchi Plateau, 900-1350 m., Dent Young ; plains, August
1930, Lely P630 ; -no locality, August 1912, Nelson 13.

Vernacular name : Karren daji (Hausa).

A remarkable species for which I can find no near relative.
Especially noteworthy are the densely ciliate petals, the remainder
of the flower being completely glabrous.

XXV.—ON THE FLORA OF THE NEARER EAST: XL*
A Contribution to the Flora of Albania. W. B. Turrill.

The mountainous kingdom of Albania, situated about the centre
of the western part of the Balkan Peninsula, with an area of 27,538
sq. km. (The Near East Year Book, 1931-32, p. 9), is still one of the
botanically lesser-known areas of south-eastern Europe. In spite
of several valuable post-war botanical investigations, much more
information is needed concerning the composition of its flora and
the distribution of the component species before it is possible to solve
many of the interesting phytogeographical problems which puzzle
botanists familiar with the Balkan Peninsula. The replacement
from north to south of an Alpine by a Greek high-mountain flora is
one of the more important of those problems whose solution must be
sought in Albania.! It has, therefore, been thought advisable to
publish a list of the plants collected in various parts of Albania,
especially on the mountains, by Dr. P. L. Giuseppi, during two
journeys in 1929 and 1930. The specimens on which the list is
based have been presented to the Herbarium by Dr. Giuseppi. In
addition he has cultivated in his garden many species which I have
been allowed to study alive, and has very generously presented
several living specimens to Kew.

A few specimens collected in the neighbouring districts of
Yugoslavia (N. Macedonia, etc.) and Epirus are included.

Clematis Viticella L. Between Scodra and Antivari, 200 m.,
4.7.1929, No. 15A.

Ranunculus Wettsteinii Dorfl. Chafa Jamit, Albanian-Serbian
frontier (Kapa Jamit in Serbian), 2460 m., 12.7.1930, No. 66.

Alyssum mitrale W. et K. ? (material incomplete). Hillsides on
way to Mai i Dejs, 155 m., 20.6.1930, No. 12.

Aubrieta sp. Smolika, 2150-2770 m., 2.7.1930, No. 49. Only a
very small flowering specimen, unmatched with any species previously

*Continued from K.B. 1931, 455 ~

fSee Tumll, The Plant Life of the Balkan Peninsula (Oxford, 1929),
406-413.

IQ<*

known from the Balkan Peninsula but either A. olympica Boiss.,
Flor. Or.i.251 (1867), or a species closely allied and possibly new.

It seemed probable from the Kew material that A. olympica
Boiss., as originally described, might be a mixture. Prof. Chodat
of Geneva very kindly lent us Boissier’s types and our suspicion
was confirmed. Boissier’s own material has glabrous fruits and nearly
glabrous vegetative parts. Specimens now in Herb. Kew., collected
“ above the plateau, 1862 June,” on the Bithynian Olympus by
J. Stuart Mill, have been matched with Boissier’s material.
Clementi’s collecting “ in rupestribus alpinis Olympi bith.” consists
of a very different plant with longer, narrower fruits covered with
stellate or forked hairs, and all the vegetative parts are also provided
with numerous stellate hairs. A plant at Kew, collected by Noe on
the Bithynian Olympus, agrees with Clementi’s material except that
it has relatively long simple hairs, in addition to stellate ones, on
the stems and leaf bases. Boissier’s own material is taken as the
type of A . olympica and his original description has to be modified
so far as to exclude Clementi’s plant; thus the plant should be
described as “ glabrescens ” and the fruits as “ oblongis 4-6 lin.
longis (excl. stylis) glabris.” Boissier’s own specimens have no
flowers.

Giuseppi’s plant is very similar indeed to Mill’s and differs only
in having a few stellate hairs on the flower stalks, a very few on the
ovary, and slightly broader laminae to the petals.

Barbarea bracteosa Guss. Mai i Dejs, 2150 m., 22.6.1930, rocks,
No. 24.

Thlaspi praecox Wulf (?). Smolika, 2610 m., 2.7.1930, No. 52.

Viola •albanica Hal. Smolika, 2300 m., 2.7.1930, No. 50A.

Viola dukadjinica W. Becker e descr. Chafa Shtetgut, 1940 m.,
15.6.1930, alpine meadows, No. 8.

Viola gracilis S. et S. Mai i Dejs, 2150 m., 22.6.1930, alpine
meadows, No. 34.

Viola heterophylla Bertol. var. graeca W. Becker. Smolika,
2460 m., 2.7.1930, No. 50.

Viola odorata L. Chafa Valbone, 1700 m., 16.6.1930, No. 3.

Viola saxatilis Schmidt subsp. aetolica Hayek. Woods on way
to Mai i Dejs, 155 m., 20.6.1930, shady glens. No. 16. Not typical,
the leaves somewhat broader than usual and the stipules very
narrow. The identification is somewhat doubtful.

Dianthus deUoides L. var. motinensis Degen e descr. Ljubeten,
N. Maced., 2150 m., 8.7.1930, meadows, No. 59.

Dianthus integer Vis. Ljubeten, N. Maced., 2210 m., 8.7.1930,
meadows, flowers snow white, No. 62.

Dianthus sylvestris Wulf. subsp. eusylvestris Hayek, Near
Antivari, 200 m., 4.7.1929, No. 3A; Mali Krags, Scutari, 200 m.,
3.7.1929, No. 5A.

Kohlrauschia prolifera Kunth. Near Rijeka, Montenegro,
100 m., 7.6.1929, No. 8A.

194

Minuartia Baldaccii (Hal.) Mattf. Smolika, 2.7.1930, 2300 m..
No. 53.

Silene Armeria L. Hillsides on way to Mai i Dejs, 300 m.,

20.6.1930, No. 17. A rather lax form, recalling plants received from
Thrace, but evidently coming within the range of fluctuation shown
by this species.

Silene quadridentata Pers. subsp. albanica Neum. Ljubeten,
N. Maced., 2150 m., 2.7.1930, meadows, No. 60.

Linum capitatum Kit. Ljubeten, N. Maced., 2150 m., 8.7.1930,
meadows, No. 88.

Linum tenuifolium L. Near Rijeka, Montenegro, 100 m.,

4.7.1929, white-flowered. No. 6A.

Geranium bohemicum Tom. On way to Oloman, 1410 m.,

23.6.1930, woodland. No. 37.

Rhamnus fallax Boiss. Korab, N. Maced., 1500 m., 29.6.1929,
small tree, No. 16A.

Lathyrus grandiflorus S. et S. On way to Chafa Jamit, 1080 m.,

12.7.1930, in fields. No. 67.

Geum coccineum S. et S. Ljubeten, N. Maced., 1840-2150 m.,

8.7.1930, meadows. No. 61.

Rosa pendulma L. sensu lato (specimen without fruit). Oloman,
1350 m., 23.6.1930, on rocks, about 8-18 inches high. No. 42.

Saxifraga porophylla Bertol. var. montenegrina Engl, et Irmsch.
Chafa Valbone, 1990 m., 16.6.1930, on alpine rocks. No. 7.

Saxifraga porophylla Bertol. var. Sibthorpiana Engl, et Irmsch.,
forma thessahca Engl, et Irmsch. Mai i Dejs, 1990-2090 m., 22.6.1930,
on rocks, No. 33.

Saxifraga porophylla Bertol. var. ? Treska Gorge, N. Maced.,
370 m., 7.7.1930, cliff sides, No. 87.

Saxifraga taygetea Boiss. et Heldr. Oloman, 1900 m„

23.6.1930, shady rocks, No. 40.

Pumca Granatum L. Mati bridge, 100 m., 3.7.1929, No. 14A.
Bunnmi montanum Koch (?). Mai 1 Dejs, 2150 m., 6.1930,
meadows, No. 28.

Trinia glauca L. Chafa Valbone, 1840 m., 16.6.1930, No. 1.
Putoria calabrica Pers. Near Struga, N. Maced., 280 m,,

1.7.1929, No. 19A.

Valeriana montana L. Mai i Dejs, 2030 m., 22.6.1930, rocks,
No. 26.

Achillea Aizoon Griseb. Mali Hat, N. Maced., 450 m.,

26.6.1929, No. 10A.

Leontodon asper Poir. Hillsides on way to Mai i Dejs, 308 m.,

20.6.1930, No. 14.

Scolymus hispanicus L. Roadsides through Albania, 3.7.1929,
No. 4A.

Scorzonera austriaca Willd., dwarf form. Smolika, 2600 m.,

2.7.1930, No, 54.

Senecio abrotamfolms L. On an unnamed mountain one mile
south of Chafa Jamit, 2460 m., 12.7.1930, fields, No. 69.

195

Taraxacum laevigatum DC. Chafa Valbone, 16.6.1930, 1550 m..
No. 3A.

Xeranthemum annuum L, Roadside, Babuna Pass, N. Maced.,
770 m., 19.6.1929, No. 12; gorge of Struma, N. Maced., 400 m.,

1.7.1929, No. 18A.

Asyneuma limonifolium Janch. Mali Hat, N. Maced., 1450 m.,

26.6.1929, No. 9A; road below Oloman, 920 m., 24.6.1930, wet
meadows. No. 44.

Campanula Hawkinsiana Hausskn. et Heldr. Smolika, 2150 m.,

3.7.1930, No. 47.

Campanula hemschinica C. Koch (?). Ljubeten, N. Maced.,
1230 m., 8.7.1930, meadows, No. 63.

Hedraeanthus graminifolius DC. Krstac, Yugoslavia, 2370 m.,

16.7.1930, limestone screes. No. 70.

Hedraeanthus tenuifolius DC. Ljubeten, N. Maced., 2150 m.,

8.7.1930, meadows, No. 64; near Rijeka, Montenegro, 100 m.

4.7.1929, No. 7A; Ljubeten, 2150 m., 8.7.1930, meadows. No. 64 (a
depauperated form).

Pyrola chlorantha Sw. Smolika, 1840 m., 2.7.1930, in woods,
No. 55.

Androsace hedraeantha Griseb. Chafa Jamit, 2460 m., 12.7.1930,
screes. No. 48; Korab, N. Maced., 2300 m., 11.7.1930, screes.
No. 65.

Mottkia petraea Griseb. Roadside between Oloman and Chafa
Moreze, 1080 m., 24.6.1930, on rocks. No. 43.

Linaria peloponnesiaca Boiss. et. Heldr. Road below Oloman,
920 m., 24.6.1930, wet meadows. No. 45.

Pedicularis brachyodonta Schloss. et Vuk., subsp. Grisebachii
(Wettst.) Hayek. Mai i Dejs, 1990 m., 22.6.1930, meadows, No. 35.

Veronica austriaca L., subsp. Jacquinii Maly. Chafa Valbone,
1550 m., 16.6.1930, No. 5.

Veronica saturejoides Vis. Mai i Dejs, 2150 m., 22.6.1930, alpine
rocks. No. 37.

Wulfenia Baldaccii Degen. Chafa Stogut, 1940 m., 15.6.1930,
alpine rocks, No. 9; Chafa Shtetgut, 1470-1700 m., 17.6.1930, alpine
rocks. No. 10. See also Nos. 76, 76A [Kew Butt. 1930, p. 124).

Pinguicula hirtiflora Ten. Near Elbasan, 123 m., 1.7.1929,
No. 20A. Pale blue flower with white centre.

Ramondia Nathaliae Pane, et Petrov. Treska Gorge, N. Maced.,
370 m., 7.7.1930, cliffs.

Ramondia serbica Pane. Near Dibra, N. Maced., 2x5 m.,

29.6.1929, No. 21A.

Globularia cordifolia L. Chafa Valbone, 2000 m., 16.6.1930,
No. 6.

Lcanium garganicum L. var. glabraium Briq. Mai i Dejs, 1840 m.,

22.6.1930, meadows. No. 27.

Salvia ringens S. et S. Intermediate between the varieties
macedonica and Baldacciana Briq. (in Ann. du Cons, et du Jard.

196

Bot. Gen&ve ii. 123-4,1898). These, together with the var. olympica,
are doubtfully distinct even as varieties. Hillsides on way to Mai i
Dejs, 308 m., 20.6.1930, No. 15.

Sideritis Roeseri Boiss. et Heldr. Mali Hat, N. Maced., 1450 m.,

26.6.1929, No. 11 A.

Stachys gennanica L. Road below Oloman, 1230 m., 24.6.1930,
wet meadows, No. 46.

Stachys scardica Griseb. Hillsides on way to Mai i Dejs, 308 m.,

20.6.1930, N0.13.

Teucriim Polium L. Albania, 200 m., 3.7.1929, common by
roadside, No. 17A.

Daphne oleoides Schreb. var. glandulosa (Bert.) Keissl. Oloman,
1940 m., 23.6.1930, alpine meadows. No. 38; Mali Hat, N. Maced.,
1600 m., 22.6.1930, No. 2A. Small bush if-2 ft. high with sweet¬
smelling white flowers.

Himantoglossum hircinum Spreng. On road to Chafa Dejs,
150 m., 20.6.1930, No. 11.

Orchis sambncina L. Mai i Dejs, 1990 m., 22.6.1930, purple
flowers, No. 30.

Crocus velitchensis Herb. Mai i Dejs, 2150 m., 22.6.1930, No. 29.

Narcissus radiiflorus Salisb. Mai i Dejs, 2150 m., 22.6.1930,
rocks and meadows, large white flowers. No. 25.

Narcissus tubulosus Baldacci, e descr. Smolika, 2400 m.,

2.7.1930, rocky slopes, tepals white with yellow-orange corona,
No. 71.

Erythronium Dens-canis L. Oloman, 1970 m., 23.6.1930, No. 41.

Fritillayia macedonica Bomm. e descr. Mai i Dejs, 2610 m.
(summit) and down to 1990 m., 22.6.1930, No. 32.

Fritillaria neglecta Pari. Chafa Valbone, 1990 m., 16.6.1930,
No. 2.

Lilium carniolicum Bemh. var. albanicum (Griseb). Mai i Dejs,
1840-2150 m., 22.6.1930, meadows and rocks, flowers brown (?),
No. 36 ; Smolika, 2150 m., 5.7.1930, flowers yellow. No. 48 ; Korab,
N. Maced., 1600 m., 29.6.1929, No. 13A (probably this variety).

Lilium Martagon L. var. cattaniae Vis. Near Dibra, N. Maced.,
730 m., 29.6.1929, No. 12A. Very dull purple colour.

Tulipa australis Link. Smolika, 2300 m., 5.7.1930, No. 51.

Scilla albanica Tnr nil, sp. nov.; a S. messeniaca Boiss. bulbis
elongatis, floribus minoribus, ovario late obpyramidato differt.

Bulbi elongati, 3*5 cm. longi, i*i cm. diametro, tunicis pallide
brunneis. Folia 3, synanthia, linearia, plana, apice breviter sub-
abrupte acutata, basi longe attenuata, 10 cm. longa, 4-8 mm. lata,
glabra, nervis 13-19. Scapus gracilis, glaber, 10*5 cm. longus,
racemo ovoideo 12-floro, pedicelHs erecto-patulis 3-5 mm. longis,
bracteis minutissime deltoideis 0*5 mm. longis. Perigonii phylla
subpatentia, oblongo-elliptica, apice subobtusa et papillosa, 5 mm.
longa, 1*5-2 mm. lata, caeruleo-violacea (?). Filamenta 3 mm. longa,
apicem versus attenuata, basi vix dilatata, caeruleo-violacea;

107

antherae atro-violaceae, 1*5 mm. longae. Ovarium late trigono-
obpyramidatum, 175 mm. longum, 175 mm. diametro; stylus
2*5 mm. longus.

Albania. Oloman, 1900 m., 23.6.1930, on rocks, P. L. Giuseppi
39 -

The species, S. messeniaca Boiss., with which S. albanica has been
contrasted, is known only from the Peloponnese (Messenia, Laconia,
and Arcadia). The more widely spread 5 . bifolia L. [with its
varieties nivalis (Boiss.) Baker, and polyphylla Boiss.] is the only
other species calling for immediate comment. S. albanica differs
from S. bifolia in the shape of the bulb, the larger number of smaller
flowers, the shorter pedicels, and the reduced number of ovules.

It should be remarked that two ovaries -were dissected in drawing
up the description. In one a single ovule was found, in the other no
trace of ovules could be discovered.

XXVI.—PLANTS NEW TO ASSAM : IV.* C. E. C. Fischer.
Impatiens puberula DC. [Geraniaceae].

Known from Sikkim and Nepal.

S. Lushai, near Lungleh, 4000 ft., flowers cream and pink, Nov.,
W. J. L. Wenger 388. " Found only in one damp, shaded spot.”

The colour of the corolla diverges from that of the type.

Acer Forrestii Diels [Aceraceae].

Known from Yunnan.

Delei Valley, 10,000 ft., fruit Sept., Kingdon Ward 8648. “A
small (?) tree of the rain-forest in dense thickets on N. slope.”

Acer Wardii W. W. Smith [Aceraceae].

Previously from Upper Burma.

Delei Valley, 8000-9000 ft., flowers May, Kingdon Ward 8138.
“ A medium-sized tree of the Rhododendron-Tsuga forest. Decid¬
uous ; young foliage copper-red; buds red.”

Desmodium oblongum Wall. [Papilionaceae],

Reported from Burma.

S. Lushai Hills, 5000-6000 ft., flowers dark-blue, and fruit Dec.,
W. J . L. Wenger 361. " Whole plant very light and fairy-like. In
open forest on edges of cliffs.” Naga Hills at Shibong, 3000 ft.,
A. Meebold 6181.

Pueraria yunnanensis Franch. [Papilionaceae].

Described from Yunnan.

Lohit Valley, 3000-5000 ft., flowers Oct., Kingdon Ward 8720.
** A climber in thickets and clearings along the edge of the jungle.
Flowers white, tipped with violet.”

Sonerila khasiana C. B. Clarke [Melastomaceae],

When describing this species in 1879, C. B, Clarke had four
collections comprising a number of plants of uniform character
*Continued from K3. 1931 , 285 . '

198

before him. His description, therefore, was limited in scope.
Further material from another locality, and departing somewhat
from the type, being now available, an amplified description based
on all the material will be useful, in view of the rather meagre account
given by C. B. Clarke. One point calls for special remark. The
original description states that the plant is stemless, but even among
those specimens collected by Hooker and Thomson there are several
with a distinct stem up to i inch long.

Sonerila khasiana C. B. Clarke in FI. Brit. Ind. ii. 539 ; amplified
description by C. E. C. Fischer.

Small herb. Roots fibrous. Stem usually solitary, succulent or
wiry, slender, from very short to 3*5 cm. long, puberulous Leaves
fascicled at the apex of the stem and mixed with rufous bristles up to
8 mm long, with sometimes one or two additional leaves and a tuft
of bristles near the base and a puberulous but otherwise naked
section between; blade ovate, usually acute, base cordate,
1-6-4*4 cm. long, 1-27 cm. wide, palmately 5-nerved, with 2 more
nerves arising a little higher and curving into the apex, all slightly
prominent below, upper surface with scattered bristly hairs, lower
rather more hairy, especially on the nerves, margins ciliate, more or
less crenate-serrate ; petioles slender, 1-5-5 *5 cm. long, glabrous or
more or less crisped-rufous-hairy, often purplish. Peduncle
terminal, slender, 1*5-7 cm. l° n g. glabrous. Flowers 1-7 in an umbel
with 1-3 minute linear-ensiform bracteoles at the base. Pedicels
1-1*4 cm. l° n g» glabrous. Calyx narrowly turbinate, more or less
trigonous, glabrous or with a very few spreading bristles, 4-5 mm.
long, teeth small, triangular, acute. Petals broadly ovate, acute,
8 mm. long, mauve. Stamens equalling the petals, filaments slender,
as long as the attenuate yellow anthers. Capsule narrowly oblong,
6-7 mm. long. Seeds minute, oblong, mmutely papillose.

Khasia Hills: Mamloo and Kalapani, 4000-5000 ft., J. D.
Hooker and T. Thomson ; Boga Pani Bridge, 3000 ft., flowers Sept.,
C. B. Clarke 40,340 ; Vale of Rocks, 5000 ft., fruit Sept., C. B. Clarke
45,454. Jaintea Hills at Jarain, 4000 ft., fruit Nov., C. B. Clarke
18,329. S. Lushai Hills, 4000 ft., flowers and fruit Sept., W. J. L.
Wenger 345.

Sonerila tenera Royle [Melastomaceae].

From subtropical Western Himalayas and Chota Nagpur.

S. Lushai, Blue Mountain, 3000-4000 ft., flowers pale-pink, Nov.,
W.J.L. Wenger 395. “ In thin grass at edges of dry hill-rice fields/*

Sonerila villosa C. E. C. Fischer, sp. nov. [Melastomaceae]. S.
khasianae C. B. Clarke peraffinis, caulibus petiolis pedunculis
pedicellis albo-villosis, floribus minoribus.

Small herb. Roots fibrous; rhizome creeping. Stem slender,
very brittle, solitary, stems 2-3 fascicled, up to 3 cm. long, deep-
crimson, more or less white-villous. Leaves few to many, aggregated
at the apex of the stem, mixed with tufts of rufous bristles ; blade

199

broadly ovate to orbicular, apex rounded or narrowed and obtuse or
subacute, base shallowly cordate, 1-3 cm. long, 0*5-1-8 cm. wide,
palmately 5-nerved, with 2 more nerves arising a little higher and
curving into the apex, upper surface with scattered crisped hairs
from bulbous bases, lower more softly hairy, more densely so on
the nerves, margins minutely crenate-serrate; petioles slender,
1-4 cm. long, more or less white-villous. Peduncles 1-2, terminal,
slender, up to 5 cm. long, more or less white-villous. Flowers
solitary, or 2-3 in an unbel. Pedicels 4-6 mm. long, with a few
white hairs. Bracts 1-3 at the base of the pedicels, minute. Calyx
narrowly turbinate, 3-4 mm. long, more or less spreadingly white-
villous, teeth small, triangular, acute. Petals elliptic or elliptic-
obovate, acute or cuspidate, 5-6 mm. long, mauve. Stamens
slightly exceeding the petals, anthers attenuate, deep-yellow, 3-4 mm.
long. Capsule campanulate, smooth, truncate, 4-6 mm. long.

S. Lushai Hills, from Lungleh to 70 miles South, 2500-4000 ft.
flowers and fruit (seeds escaped) July-Aug., W. J. L. Wenger 323
(typus in Herb. Kew.). “ Growing on wet rocks in deep shade, often
clinging to the underside of overhanging rocks.”

Begonia Wengeri C. E. C. Fischer , sp. nov. [Begoniaceae]; B.
alaecidae C. B. Clarke affinis, foliis minoribus supra haud puberulo-
punctatis subtus crispule pilosis, bracteis majoribus distincta.

Erect herb. Rootstock small, fibrous. Stem terete, wiry, some¬
times rooting at the lower nodes, more or less densely clothed with
crisped, fuscous or rufous hairs, 5-10 cm. high, usually forked near
the base. Leaves membranous, rotund-ovate, inequilateral, acute,
base shallowly cordate, 1*5-5*5 cm. diam., dark-green and sparsely
hairy above, pale below and crisped-rufous-hairy on the nerves,
especially near the base, 7-8-nerved, margins simply or doubly
crenate with cilia between the crenatures and sometimes at their
apices; petioles slender, 0*6-5 cm. long, crisped-fuscous- or rufous-
hairy. Stipules ensiform, acuminate, sometimes toothed. Peduncle,
its branches and pedicels densely hairy with crisped, multicellular,
rufous hairs, often bearing reduced, petiolate leaves at the forks;
bracts foliaceous, ovate to orbicular in outline, more or less deeply
and sharply toothed or lobed, ciliate, up to 4 mm. long; pedicels
capillary, up to 8 mm. long, lengthening in fruit. $ flowers with a
perianth of 4 white segments, the 2 outer broadly obovate, obtuse,
3 mm. long, the 2 inner smaller, subacute. Stamens about 12,
united below for o*6-o*7 mm., filaments short, anthers oblong,
0*6-0 *7 mm. long, connective shortly produced, conical. £ flowers
with a perianth of 5 white, elliptic-oblong, obtuse segments,
2*5-3*5 mm. long, the innermost smallest. Ovary trigonous, 3*5 mm.
long, puberulous on the angles; styles 4, shortly united at the base,
minutely fuscous-puberulous ; stigmas densely fuscous-hairy
Capsule 3-winged, 1 cm. long, 1*2 cm. across the wings at the truncate
apex, its faces with a vertical median rib, green, glabrous or the
margins of the wings with a few short hairs, one wing wider than the

200

other two, outer angles obtuse, faces splitting along the edge or the
midrib. Seeds minute, oblong-ellipsoid, brown.

S. Lushai Hills, about 60 miles South of Lungleh, 1500-2000 ft.,
flowers and fruit Aug., W. J. L. Wenger 324 (typus in Herb. Kew.).
" In dense patches on shady banks.”

Lactuca macrorhiza Hook. f. [Compositae].

Known from the Himalayas from Kashmir to Sikkim.

S. Lushai, Blue Mountain, 6500 ft., flowers clear pale-blue, Dec.,
W. J. L. Wenger 378. “ Forming beautiful patches m crevices of

rocks near the summit; the persisting decaying leaves give the
plant an untidy appearance.”

Embelia Clarkei Bedd . [Myrsinaceae].

Found previously in Tenasserim.

Delei Valley, Chibaon, 5000-6000 ft., flpwers April, Kingdon
Ward 8035. “ A climber of the temperate rain-forest (twiner);

flowers green.”

Embelia myrtiflora Hemsl. et Mez [Myrsinaceae].

Known from China.

Delei Valley, 3000-4000 ft., fruit April, Kingdon Ward 8122.
“ A scrambling plant, sometimes ascending big trees and hanging
down in flat, wave-like expansions. In thickets in open forest on
steep slopes and banks.”

Swertia nervosa Wall. [Gentianaceae].

Described from temperate Nepal and Sikkim.

S. Lushai, Darjow Mountain, 5000 ft., W. J. L. Wenger 364.
“ In grassy glades in forest on summit.”

Swertia paniculate Wall. [Gentianaceae].

Known from the Himalayas from Kashmir to Nepal.

S. Lushai, Blue Mountain, 6000 ft., flowers blue, Dec,, W. J. L.
Wenger 362. “ In grassy glades in forest.”

Lepidagathis hyalina Nees, var. aristata C. E. C. Fischer , var.
nov. [Acanthaceae]; var. semiherbaceae C. B. Clarke similis sed
foliis minoribus, bracteis bracteolisque aristatis.

Steftis wiry, up to 25 cm. long. Leaves linear to narrowly
elliptic, 1-6-5-5 cm. long, 0*3-1 *2 cm. wide, glabrous, shining, dark-
green above, pale below, narrowed at both ends, apex obtuse or
acute, base decurrent into the short petiole, midrib and 7-9 pairs of
lateral nerves prominent below, the latter uniting dose to the slightly
undulate margin. Spikes dense, up to 2*5 cm. long. Bracts and
bracteoles aristate, brown or green, about 1 cm. long. Corolla white,
spotted with brown.

Garo Hills: Siju, 2000 ft., flowers Nov., Mrs. N. E. Parry 1044
(typus in Herb. Kew.); Baghmara, 500 ft., Mrs. N. E. Parry 1046.
Garo name : Byiradimat Mengo Kime (=plant resembling wild-cat
for).

201

Strobilanthes trichophorus C E. C. Fischer, sp now [Acanth-
aceae]; ex affinitate S. monadelphi Nees foliis brevissime petiolatis
basi rotundatis vel leviter cordatis, inflorescentiae pills longis albis,
bracteis spathulato-obovatis recedit.

Undershrub. Stems woody, slender, erect, 15-35 cm. long,
terete below, quadrangular upwards, sharply so and almost winged
near the apex, hairy with long white spreading hairs above. Leaves
membranous, elliptic-lanceolate, acute, base rounded or slightly
cordate, 6-8 cm. long, 2-3 cm. wide, becoming smaller near the
inflorescence, midrib and 5-9 pairs of lateral nerves slightly raised
on both faces, pellucid-dotted, upper surface with numerous puncti-
form and shortly linear cystoliths, white-hairy and dark-green above,
more sparsely hairy and pale below, margins undulate-crenate ;
petioles less than 2 mm. long. Spikes axillary, simple or with a short
branch near the base, interrupted, up to 13 cm. long; rhachis
sharply quadrangular, pubescent and beset with long, spreading,
soft, white, septate hairs. Bracts in opposite pairs 5-6 mm. apart,
spathulate-obovate, subacute, thick, green, 1*3 cm. long, 0*8 cm.
wide, 5-ribbed, densely hairy on both faces with mixed short and
long hairs, many of them gland-tipped, and with longer soft, white
hairs. Flowers solitary in each bract. Calyx sessile, i-i cm. long,
tube very short; segments 5, lorate, obtuse, green and with the
same indumentum in the apical half as the bracts, brownish and
glabrous below. Corolla ventricose with a very short narrowly
cylindrical base, 1*6 cm. long, blue, sparsely hairy with gland-tipped
hairs -without, glabrous within except for a brush of white hairs
behind the anthers and a few hairs at the insertion of the stamens.
Disc annular. Stamens 4, in pairs. Style slender, as long as the
corolla, apex recurved, undivided. Ovary oblong, glabrous ; ovule
4. Fruit not seen.

Garo Hills, Emangiri, 2000 ft., flowers Nov., Mrs. N. E. Parry
1076 (typus in Herb. Kew.). Garo name : Samboda.

Strobilanthes glutinosus Nees (Acanthaceae].

From the Himalayas as far east as Nepal.

S. Lushai Hills, spur of Blue Mountain, 4000 ft., flowers Dec.,
W. J. L. Wenger 401. “ In open grassy spaces/’

Elsholtzia communis (Coll, et Hemsl.) Diels [Labiatae].

Found in W. China.

Lushai Hills, Tawipui, 2000 ft., flowers Jan., Mrs. N. E. Parry
462. " Flowers dull mauve.” Lushai name: Lengmasher .

Dalechampia Kurzii Hook. f. [Euphorbiaceae].

Known from Burma.

S. Lushai Hills, 69 miles S. of Lungleh, 2500 ft., flowers Aug.,
W. J . L. Wenger 327. “ Bracts palest green. Apparently rare, as
it is unknown to Hie local people.”

202

Rhynchanthus longiflorus Hook. f. [Zingiberaceae].

Originally from Burma.

S. Lushai Hills, 4000 ft, flowers deep-red, Sept., W. J. L. Wenger
353. “ Stem 4 ft. high. Growing in crevices and forks of trees/’

This plant was figured and described in 1886 in Bot. Mag. t. 6861
as the type of a new genus. It had been obtained from Burma by the
nurserymen Messrs. Low, who presented it to Kew, where it flowered
in a hot-house. Unfortunately the precise locality in Burma was
not recorded. Since this first discovery the plant apparently had
not been found again till now.

Polytoca Wallichiana Benth [Gramineae].

Reported from Burma.

S. Lushai Hills, 3000 ft., W. J. L Wenger 354. “ In open
forest.”

XXVII.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Miss Marianne Harriet Mason. —We record with deep regret
the death at her home at Rondebosch, Cape Town, on April 7th,
of Miss M. H. Mason, whose African flower and landscape studies,
which she presented to the Nation, are exhibited in Museum No. 4.

Miss Mason was an old and valued correspondent of Kew, her
earliest communication being with Sir William Thiselton-Dyer when
she sent a collection of dried North African flowers for the
Herbarium. It was after her retirement from Government service
in 19x0 that her interest in the South African flora commenced,
for shortly afterwards she went out to stay with her brother, Canon
Edward Mason, Principal of St. Bede’s College, Umtata, where she
quickly set to work collecting seeds and specimens of the flora
of the region, and making water-colour studies of the native
vegetation. She did not confine her attention to the Umtata region
alone, but travelled widely in the Cape peninsula, Pondoland,
Rhodesia, Uganda and elsewhere, making sketches of the scenery
and detailed studies of the plants wherever she went. A large
number of her letters, preserved here, refer to consignments of seeds
and bulbs which she sent to Kew. She was especially interested in
the genus Oxalis , of which she sent many living specimens and she
was also of great assistance in sending Chironias when the Gentian-
aceae were being studied for the Flora Capensis.

During one of her visits to England she brought over her large
collection of plant studies and sketches, which were e xhib ited on
several occasions in London, and suggested that they should be
placed on exhibition at Kew. Though there was no very suitable
place for the proper housing of her large series of drawings, arrange¬
ments were made for their display on the first floor of Muse um No. 4
(Cambridge Cottage), A selection was made from the large number
which she brought to Kew and these are now on exhibition in the
Museum. Eventually Miss Mason most generously presented the
whole of her collection of drawings to Kew as a gift to the Nation.

The larger pictures and some of the smaller plant studies are on
exhibition in the Museum, but the majority of the smaller pictures
are preserved in the Herbarium and Library. Her gift included one
hundred and ten large pictures and five books of small plant studies,
some of which are exhibited from time to time. Among the large
pictures there are several paintings of the neighbourhood of Umtata,
scenes in the Transkei and in the garden of St. Bede’s College, all of
which give a very vivid impression of the South African landscape.
Her flower studies are particularly clear and convincing, some of the
most striking being those of the Aloes, Gladioli and Ixias. In all her
work she gave a very faithful impression of the plant she was drawing.
Though she was in no sense a professional botanist and though her
drawings may lack accuracy of detail, yet they represent in a
remarkably effective way the plant she was studying, and probably
give a better impression of the flowers than careful botanical drawings
would have done; clean and vivid in their colouring they form a most
interesting series of plant studies. She presented her last picture,
painted when she was eighty-six years old, on her visit to England
last autumn. This picture, now hanging in the Museum, shows
seven species of Protea in flower, which were growing in the National
Botanic Garden, Kirstenbosch, in July 1931. The species were sent
to her on board ship at Cape Town and she painted them during
her last voyage home.

Miss Mason was as keenly interested in gardening as she was in
painting and her letters to Kew were always concerned with plants
of both horticultural and botanical interest. Her energy and enthus¬
iasm in many different directions were unbounded. Fearless and
untiring, she pursued her numerous activities with her usual vigour,
despite her advanced years, until the end of her useful life.

Miss Mason was bom in February 1845 at Morton Hall, Notting¬
hamshire, and here she carried on her gardening activities and con¬
structed a rock garden in the days when rock gardens were a novelty.

Outside botanical circles her name will live for the wide interest
she took in social problems and for her work as first official Woman
Inspector of boarded-out children. She will be remembered as the
Doyenne of ajl the Women Inspectors in the Civil Service and the
Children’s Friend.

Harvey Monroe Hall. The death of Dr. H. M. Hall in his
fifty-eighth year will be widely regretted both on personal and
scientific grounds. Dr. Hall graduated in the University of Cali¬
fornia in 1901 and became Assistant Botanist at the Experimental
Station (1902-3), and eventually Professor at the University of
California. At the time of his death he had been for some years on
the staff of the Carnegie Laboratory, Stanford University. His
earlier published work consisted largely of taxonomic studies on
Californian plants. ** A Yosemite Flora ” (1912), written jointly
with Mrs. Hall, was regarded by his fellow workers as a model of a

204

popular flora. His “ Phylogenetic Method in Taxonomy,” written
in collaboration with F. E. Clements, employed statistical methods
in the discrimination of subspecies and included phylogenetic charts
indicating the author’s views as to their inter-relationships. Hall’s
most important work was a monograph of “ The genus Haplopappus”
(1928), which is well illustrated and includes discussions of the
relationships and ecology of each species.

Hall was a firm believer in international co-operation and
interested himself greatly in type material preserved in the various
herbaria of Europe. At the International Botanical Congress held
at Cambridge in 1930 he provided a paper entitled “ Proposals for
an International Bureau of Plant Taxonomy.”

In connection with his Transplant experiments Hall came into
close touch with Kew, and it was as a result of a study of his work
and methods, when the Director was lecturing at the University of
California in 1926, that the Kew-Potteme Transplant experiments
were initiated in collaboration with the British Ecological Society,
and Hall was keenly interested in the English work. His own experi¬
ments, undertaken at first in association with F. E. Clements, were
concerned with the transplanting of identical plants at different
altitudes in several localities in Western California. Outline
accounts of the methods employed and of some of the results
obtained are given in the Carnegie Institution Year Books from
No. 17 (1918) onwards.

Hall was always a welcome visitor and his untimely death in the
prime of an active life is a great loss to botany and Kew is deprived
of a valued friend and stimulating colleague.

The Cultivation of Geraniums for Essential Oil.—Owing
to the interest at present taken in some of the Colonies in the
cultivation of pelargoniums (geraniums) for essential oil, the
following notes have been prepared from an article by A. Rolet
which appeared in “ L’Eclaireur Agricole et Horticole ” of November
1st, 1931.

Geraniums grown for perfumery should be propagated by cuttings
in nursery beds. The practice of planting cuttings directly into the
fields, such as is observed in Algeria and Italy, is not to be recom¬
mended, as the unrooted cuttings have little chance of surviving a
period of drought. Cuttings may be made from August to October,
the time depending on the climate, region and material available.

If protection, such as straw matting or frames, can be afforded
they may be put in until February.

Healthy, well ripened shoots should be selected, for these
ultimately give the greatest yield of leaves and essential oil. As it is
difficult to get cuttings with a “ heel ” from young plants, ordinary
cuttings, about 6 ins. long and J in. across the base are used.
The secondary branches and all the leaves except three below the
terminal bud are removed and the base of the stem cut off a little

205

below the last bud with a sharp knife, as secateurs bruise the stem
tissues, and render them more susceptible to disease. If large quan¬
tities of cuttings are made, the leaves taken off may be distilled. If
disease is suspected, the cuttings may be immersed in a solution of
corrosive sublimate [2 grammes to the litre] or in a 1 per cent,
copper sulphate solution, then washed and dusted with powdered
charcoal. It is unwise to make too many at a time and they should
be kept fresh in wet sacking or in moist sand.

Some growers recommend that they be allowed to wilt a little
before insertion. To reduce transpiration, part of the leaves must
be cut back before they are “ dibbled ” in.

Beds about 3-4 feet wide should be made in a sheltered position
with light and well drained soil and the cuttings set in rows from
6-8 ins. apart, with about 2 ins. between individual cuttings.

It is customary to “ dibble ” them in at a slant, inserting two-
thirds of their length. They must be kept sufficiently moist and
sheltered against excessive heat.

Especial care is necessary when frames are employed. New
compost may be used or the old must be sterilized with carbon
bisulphide or formalin.

The foliage should be sprayed frequently and watering withheld
until the cuttings have taken root. Then air may be gradually
admitted and moderate waterings given. To reduce the chances of
fungoid attack, the leaves should be sprayed with weak Bordeaux
mixture and dusted with sulphur. Yellow leaves and any sickly
plants should be removed and burnt, and if the cuttings are very
crowded, it may be advantageous to transplant. Potting up
ensures that they may be planted out with a ball of earth.

A good light or medium soil should be selected, if possible
one that is deep, slightly calcareous, rich in humus and retentive
of moisture in summer or capable of being watered, for drought is
detrimental to the development of the leaves and the quality of the
essential oil. Heavy soils, being too retentive of moisture, favour
diseases and produce oil of a poorer quality, and it is advisable to
drain them. In very dry ground, the basal leaves turn yellow and
fall, but diseases are more to be feared in wet soils. The soil in the
Maritime Alps, one of the areas of geranium culture, is rich and
alluvial, whilst in Algeria the soils concerned are gravelly or sandy.

The ground should be worked from 1 to 1^ ft. deep, the depth
increasing with the dryness of the climate ; deep digging lessens the
need for watering.

Unless the land is very rich in humus, a dressing of well decom¬
posed manure or some organic fertilizer is applied in autumn during
the preparation of the ground, in addition to super-phosphate,
basic slag and potassium salts.

A little sulphate of ammonia should be applied before planting,
one third before the plants are put in and the rest in two applications
daring the early stages of growth. Very little else but oil-cake is

206

used in the Maritime Alps; this is applied at the rate of 3000 kilos
[1 kilo=2-20 lbs.] to the hectare [2-471 acres].

In Algeria, where cultivation extends over several years, 30,000
kilos of manure are worked in during the preparation of the ground
and in the following years 300 kilos of dried blood or oil cake,
400 kilos of superphosphate and 150 kilos of potassium sulphate are
used as a dressing.

It has been found that whilst the use of organic manure alone
gave 30 quintaux [1 quintal=220*54 lbs.] of flowers and 1-9 per cent,
of essential oil, the addition of superphosphate increased the yield to
over 40 quintaux, and the essential oil to 3*17 per cent.

The organic manure was dug in at the rate of 150 quintaux
and the superphosphate at the rate of 4 quintaux per hectare;
both were applied the first year. The yields noted were those of
the second year.

In Reunion the application of 1000 kilos of superphosphate is
advised if the soil is sufficiently rich in humus, and as lime helps in
the production of essential oil, basic slag might be used to advantage.

Early planting gives the best results; in the Maritime Alps
and Corsica this is carried out as soon as the danger of frosts is past,
and in Algeria when the cuttings show signs of rooting in the
nursery.

Spacing is governed by various factors, such as the length of
time the plants will occupy the field, the growth likely to be made,
richness of the soil, the manure used, the watering, and the climate.

In warm countries, if the young plants are allowed too much
space, they are unable to prevent excessive evaporation from the
surface soil and there is a tendency for the production of woody
tissue at the expense of the leaves. Various planting distances are
in use, varying with the locality. In the rich soil of the Maritime
Alps plants are set 80 by 80 cms. apart, or 60 by 70 cms. in land
which can be watered, giving 15-16,000 or 16-25,000 plants per
hectare respectively. The higher yield applies only to soils that are
deep and friable.

There are also instances of plants set a metre apart; this gives
10,000 to the hectare. At Erbalunga in Corsica they are set from
3°-35 cms. apart. They must be planted firmly, and a knotted line
used to ensure regular spacing. Some recommend that the roots
should be allowed to dry a little before planting. After a month or
so any T failures should be replaced with similar sized plants and
weeding must be commenced. Weeds are very harmful to the young
plants and develop especially round the roots, so they must be
removed by hand.

The last weeding must be done when the plants are about to
cover the ground completely.

A system of fortnightly watering, starting from July, is the only
way to ensure a good harvest. After each watering the ground
should be hoed and again after the harvesting.

If cultivation lasts for many years, fertilizers which decompose
slowly and potassic manures should be applied in autumn. The
stems, and especially the new growths, should be earthed up, and in
spring, when growth commences, the ground may be hoed and
dressed with quickly assimilated manures, such as sulphate of
ammonia and nitrates. j. h. t.

The Coconut.*—Previous editions of this work were reviewed
in the Kew Bulletin ( K.B . 1921, 288 and K.B. 1914, 396). The
book is based largely on the investigations carried out in the Philip¬
pines by the author and his colleagues and applies specially to the
cultivation of the coconut in those islands. The expansion of the
Philippine coconut industry, since the first edition was published in
1914, bears ample testimony to the value of the work on which this
book is based.

The present edition has been revised, more especially the chapter
devoted to diseases and pests. Literature connected with recent
research on the coconut palm is freely quoted, in particular that
which has been done in Malaya, Ceylon and the Philippines since the
last edition was published.

In this edition, both in the title and the text, the author has
adopted the more generally used method of writing the word
coconut.

Flora of Tropical Africa.—In ascertaining the priority of
publication of new names it is essential to know the exact dates of
publication of books and journals. For this reason the dates of
publication of the parts of Volume IX of the Flora of Tropical Africa
are recorded below:—

Part 1. July 1st, 1917.

„ 2. January 29th, 1919.

„ 3. June 24th, 1919.

„ 4. August 5th, 1920.

„ 5. August 12th, 1930.

*The Coconut, by Edwin Bingham Copeland. Third Edition, revised pp.
xvin 4- 233, with 28 illustrations. Macmillan & Co., Ltd., St. Martins
Street, London, 1931. Price £1.

Printed under the authority of His Majesty's Stationery Office,
By the South Bsaex Recorders, Ltd„ High Road, Ilford.

(209) Wt. 116/29 Mfi 6/82 SAR. Ltd. Gp.9

208

BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS
INFORMATION No. 5 1932

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

XXVTII.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF
TROPICAL AMERICA: XII.* N. Y. Sandwith.

New and Noteworthy Species from British Guiana, Mainly
Collected by the Oxford University Expedition, 1929
(continued).

Burseraceae.

Tetragastris phanerosepala Sandwith, sp. nov.; T. balsamiferae
(Sw.) Kze. affinis, bracteolis multo majoribus, calyce majore extra
puberulo vel subtomentello, lobis perconspicuis, antheris extrorse
distincte puberulis nec glabris, ovario et stylo distincto manifeste
longiuscule piloso nec glabro differt.

Arbor ramulis summis minute pubescentibus. Folia impari-
pinnata, maxima, usque circiter 45 cm. longa, omnino glabra,
petiolo rhachique purpurascente striato angulato 1*5-2-5 mm. lato ;
petiolus 8-10 cm. longus; intemodia rhacheos 4-6 cm. longa,
intemodium terminale 2*5-3 cm. longum; petioluli canaliculati,

3- 5 mm. longi; foliola 4-5-juga, opposita, oblonga, ima nonnun-
quam ovato-oblonga, terminale nonnunquam obovato-oblongum,
apice conspicue abrupte acuminata vel cuspidata, basi cuneata acuta
obliqua in petiolulum decurrentia, 8-15*5 cm - longa, 3-5*3 cm. lata,
firme chartacea, utrinque nitidula, nervis primariis utroque costae
latere 12-16 forma atque reticulatione eis T. balsamiferae simillima.
Inflorescentia paniculata, furfuraceo-puberula, usque 14 cm. longa;
rami primarii inferiores 2-4 cm. longi, compositi, summi brevissimi,
triflori; pedicelli brevissimi, tomentelli, 1-2 mm. longi; bracteolae
late ovatae, 2*5 mm. longae, 2*2-2*5 mm. latae, extra tomentellae,
intus puberulae. Flores maturi fere 5 mm. longi. Calyx cupularis,
extra furfuraceo-puberulus vel subtomentellus, intus glaber; tubus
vix 2 mm. longus, apice 4*5 mm. latus; lobi conspicui, late triangu¬
lares, 1-1*5 mm. longi, 2-2*75 mm. lati. Corolla campanulato-
cylindrica, vix 4*5 mm. longa, apice 4 mm. lata, circiter in medio in

4- 5 lobos 2 mm. longos vix 2 mm. latos divisa, lobis marginibus
apiculoque inflexis, extra tomentella intus basi excepta puberula
atque minute cinereo-pulverulenta. Stamina 8-10, fUamentis
glabris o*4-o*6 mm. longis; antherae 1*2 mm. longae, extrorse
minute sed distincte puberulae. Discus glaber, 1 mm. altus, margine
undulato-sinuato. Ovarium quinqueloculare, subglobosum, vix

#Contiiiued from K£ J932 lg7

209

1-2 mm. longum, circiter 2 mm. diametro, sparse longiuscule pilosum,
in stylum pilosum cum stigmate 5-lobulato ad 1 mm. longum
transiens. Fructus non visus.

British Guiana. Demerara River, May 1889, Jenman 4928.

This very distinct species was identified long ago as “ Hedwigia
sp. nov. ? ” by the late Mr. W. B. Hemsley.

Anacardiaceae.

Thyrsodium dasytrichum Sandwith, sp. nov.; T. Schomburg-
kiano (Bth.) Engl, et T. giganteo (Engl.) Engl, affinis, foliolis utrinque
pilis longioribus (fere 1 mm. longis) crispulis ubique praecipue
subtus dense molliter vestitis, praeterea floribus femineis quam eis
T. Schomburgkiani majoribus, laciniis calycinis petalisque longioribus
differt.

Arbor parva usque mediocris, lactescens; ramuli homotini
teretes, validi, 6-8 mm. diametro, dense fulvo-tomentosi. Folia,
imparipinnata, gigantea, petiolo intemodiis rhacheos petiolulisque
dense crispule Mvo-tomentosis; petiolus 9-12 cm. longus, 3-4 mm.
diametro ; intemodia rhacheos 4-8 cm. longa; petioluli 3-7 mm.
longi; foliola 2-4-jugata, opposita, vel fere opposita, ima ovato-
oblonga, cetera oblonga, apice abrupte conspicue cuspidata, basi
rotundata obtusa obliqua, 12-22 cm. longa, 6-9 cm. lata, subcoriacea,
supra pilis pallide fulvis crispulis satis longis costa nervisque dense
mesophyllo sparsius sed regulariter adpresse induta, subtus pilis
similibus densis passim mollia velutina, nervis primariis utrinque
conspicuis utroque costae latere circiter 14-20, reticulatione supra
impressa obscura subtus manifests. Inflorescentia feminea tantum
visa; panicula longissima, usque 45 cm. longa, ubique pilis pullo-
purpurascentibus demum fulvis dense sublanato-tomentosa; rhachis
valida, prope medium 5-7 mm. diametro ; rami primarii satis pauci,
adscendentes, inferiores 7-12-5 cm. longi, compress!, angulato-
sulcati, parte nuda saepius 3-5 cm. longa; ramuli floriferi 1*5-2*5 cm.
longi, simplices, vel basi compositi, congestiflori; pedicelli 2-3 mm.
longi; bracteolae lanceolatae, circiter 3 mm, longae, 1 mm. latae
(bracteae longiores latioresque). Flores campanulati, 7 mm. longi,
statu applanato apice 5-6 mm. lati. Calycis tubus 2*5 mm. longus,
5 mm. latus, extra dense purpureo-tomentosus, intus glaber; lobi
triangulari-lanceolati, acuti, 3-5 mm. longi, igitur tubum superantes,
basi 1*8-2*2mm. lati, utrinque tomentosi. Petala anguste lanceolate-
oblonga, obtusa, 4 mm. longa, igitur ealyeem superantia, 1*5 mm.
lata, utrinque tomentosa, calyce pallidiora. Staminodia filamentis
circiter 1*1 mm. longis, antheris rudimentariis 0-5 mm. longis.
Ovarium dense ferrugineo-villosum, globosum, 2 mm. longum, 2*5-3
mm. diametro; stylus villosus, cum stigmate 2*5-3 nun. longus.
Fructus non visus.

British Guiana. Cuyuni River; near Upper Camaria, Feb.
1931, J. R, Lockie in Forestry Department record no, 2019. “ A small
tree, 60 ft. high, 9 in. diam., in greenheart forest on hill on brown

210

sand. Latex white, abundant in leaves, twigs and flowers, but not
in main stem. Flowers odourless.”

Vernacular name (Arawak), Uluballi.

This is the first genuine record of the occurrence of this genus in
British Guiana, since Robert Schomburgk 892 was almost certainly
collected on the Rio Negro, where T. Schomburgkianum was later
gathered by Spruce. In Robert Schomburgk’s manuscript notes
preserved at Kew numbers 891 and 893 are definitely stated to have
been collected on the Rio Negro.

Myrtaceae.

Eugenia essequiboensis Sandwith, sp. nov.; E. senaio-mmosae
Kiaersk. ut videtur af&nis, pedunculis saepe bifloris, bracteolis
subulatis, nervis foliorum primariis paucioribus differt.

Arbor excelsa, circiter 30 m. alta, cortice rubro-brunneo ,*
ramuli novelli ferrugineo-tomentosi. Folia elliptica, ovato-
elliptica vel oblanceolata, apice sensim breviter acuminata, basi
attenuata cuneata, 2-9*5 cm. longa, 1-3*5 cm. lata, rigide chartacea
vel subcoriacea, utrinque satis nitida, viridia, pagina inferiore camosa
rugulosa quam superiore pallidiore, novella pubescentia, adulta
utrinque glabenima, glanduloso-punctata, novella saepe fere evenia,
adulta nervis primariis utroque costae latere vulgo 12-14 patulis
parallelis plus minusve rectis turn in nervum marginalem a margine
2-3*5 mm. distantem anastomosantibus, cum costa venulisque supra
plus minusve impressis subtus laxe haud conspicue reticulatis;
petiolus primo ferrugineo-pubescens, adultus glaber, 4-12 mm. longus.
Inflorescentiae axillares, solitariae, pedunculis unifloris vel bifloris,
nonnunquam in axillis foliorum, saepius basi ramulorum brevium
in axillis cataphyllorum ita dispositae ut racemum simulent;
pedunculi pedicellique ferrugineo-tomentosi, 4-10 mm. longi;
bracteolae sub floribus ferrugineo-tomentosae, subulatae, 1*5 mm.
longae. Hypanthium turbinato-campanulatum, circiter 2 mm.
Jongum atque latum. Calycis lobi 4, ovati, obtusi, 3 mm. longi,
3 mm. lati, extra ferrugineo-pubescentes, intus cinerei sericeo-pilosi.
Petala 4, pallide albo-viridia, suborbicularia, venosa, ciliata, ceterum
glabra, 4*5 mm. longa, ad 5 mm. lata. Stamina glabra, 7 mm. longa;
discus hie illic pilosulus. Stylus glaber, 6-7 mm. longus. Fructus
pyriformis, nigrescens, pubescens, i*i-i*5 cm. longus, 4-8 mm. latus,
apice lobis calycinis coronatus.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Oct. 21st,
1929, Sandwith 500. Tall tree, 103 ft. high, 17 in. diam. in mixed
forest. Bark reddish-brown and lined, like that of Asipoko (Pouteria
spp,). Petals and stamens pale whitish-green.

Duplicates are distributed to the following herbaria : Georgetown
(Forestry Department), New York, Rio de Janeiro, Utrecht, Berlin,
Paris, Washington and Stockholm.

Eugenia Arawakorum Sandwith , sp. nov.; ex afiinitate, ut
videtur, E, Ferreiraeanae Berg., foliis longioribus magis obovatis

211

basi acutis subtus reticulatis, indumento inflorescentiae cinereo
pubescente vel sericeo nec rufo-tomentoso statim distinguenda.

Arbor , satis excelsa; ramuli annotini cinerei glabri, homotini
cinnamomei pubescentes. Folia oblanceolata, obovato-oblonga
usque obovato-elliptica, apice abrupte 2-10 mm. acuminata vel
cuspidata, basi attenuata cuneata acuta, 4-15*5 cm. longa, 1*7-
6*2 cm. lata, rigide chartacea usque subcoriacea, supra nitida
siccitate nigrescentia juventute pubescentia demum glabra, subtus
subopaca pallidiora olivacea vel siccitate purpurascentia sparse
pubescentia punctato-glandulosa, nervis primariis utroque costae
latere numerosis circiter 20-25 patulis parallelis subrectis in nervum
marginalem a margine ad 1*5 mm. tantum distantem anastomo-
santibus supra impressis inconspicuis subtus cum costa venulisque
elevatis conspicuis laxe reticulatis; petiolus resinoso-corrugatus,
plus minusve pubescens, 0-6-I-3 cm. longus. Inflorescentiae
axillares, saepius nodis defoliatis visae, 1-3-nae, brevissime ad 1 cm.
umbellato-racemosae, multiflorae, rhachi cicatricibus pedicellorum
bracteisque obtecta; bracteae ovatae, vix ad 1 mm. longae;
pedicelli brunneo-glamdulosi atque cinereo-pubescentes, 3-8 mm.
longi; bracteolae sub flore positae, indumento pedicelli indutae,
ad 1*5 mm. longae atque 1 mm. latae. Hypanthium subgloboso-
campanulatum, ad 2*5 mm. longum atque diametro, extra dense
cinereo-sericeum. Calycis lobi 4, late rotundato-ovati, obtusi,
circiter 2*25 mm. longi, ad 2*75 mm. lati, extra plus minusve pubes¬
centes atque ciliati, intus glabri. Petala alba, de exemplis siccis
delapsa. Stamina glabra ; discus pilosulus. Stylus glaber, circiter
ad 5 mm. longus. Fructus non visus.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Oct. 16th,
1929, Sandwith 462. A tall tree in mixed forest. Petals white.

Vernacular name (Arawak), Baniaballi; but this is applied to
other Myrtaceae.

Calycorectes Bergii Sandwith, nom. nov.— C. latifolius Berg
in Linnaea, xxx. 701 (i860), quoad descr., non Eugenia latifolia
Aubl. Hist. Pl. Guiane, 502, t. 199 (1775).

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Nov. 5th,
1929, Sandwith 558 : small tree, 43 ft. high, 5 in. diam., in morabukea
forest; fkwers large, snow-white.

French Guiana. Karouany, 1857, Sagot 272. Godebert,
Nov. 1919, Wachenheim 32. Maroni River, 1862, Mdlinon. The
last two collections were distributed from Paris under the name C,
grandifolius Berg, which, to judge from the description, is at once
distinguished by the venation of the leaves.

The above material agrees very well with Berg's description of
his C. latifolius which he based on Eugenia latifolia Aubl. Aublet’s
species is, however, a very different plant, as is proved by his
specimens in Herb. Mus. Brit., which agree well with his figures
and description. It suggests a true Eugenia rather than a Caly¬
corectes, and differs from C. latifolius Berg in the shape and venation

212

of the leaves, the thin black glabrescent pedicels and hypanthium,
and the very small sepals which are only 2 mm. long. By the
International Rules of nomenclature, the combination C. latifolius
Berg must be applied to Aublet’s species; the above name is
accordingly proposed for Berg's plant.

Lecythidaceae.

Lecythis Davisii Sandwith, sp. nov.; e grege L. Polilii Berg, L.
biserratae Miers, L. crassinodae Miers, L. Coxianae Miers, L. tubercu-
latae Miers, pedicellis crassis, bracteolis satis magnis longe
persistentibus distincta ; a L. crassinoda Miers, cuius flores nondum
sunt reperti, foliis plerumque minoribus, fortius reticulatis, marginibus
profundius serrulatis, petiolis brevioribus differt.

Arbor excelsa, circiter 30 m. alta ; ramuli summi annotini valde
ramulosi, teretes, corrugato-striati, lenticellis crebris aurantiacis
praediti; homotini crebri, breves, angulati, brunnei, minute
hirtelli, intemodiis vulgo 0-3-1 *5 cm. longis. Folia oblongo-
lanceolata vel minora ovata, apice conspicue acuminata acumine
3-S mm. longo, basi saepius obtusa sed in petiolum attenuata
decurrentia, parva, 2*5-9 cm * longa, ad 3*8 cm. lata, chartacea,
utrinque nitida, glabra, concoloria, vel siccitate supra nigrescentia,
subtus lepidoto-glandulosa, margine conspicue serrulata serrulis
1-1 *75 mm. distantibus, utrinque fortiter reticulata, nervis
primariis utroque costae latere circiter 14 vulgo 2*5-7 mm. a
margine anastomosantibus; petiolus alatus, minute hirtellus,
2*5-6 mm. longus, cum alis ad 1*5 mm. latus. Inflorescentiae
plurimae, simplxciter racemosae, multiflorae, saepius in axillis
denudatis ramulorum annotinorum solitariae vel binae, ad 7 cm.
longae ; rhachis crassa, hirtella, corrugato-striata atque lenticellata,
brunnea; pedicelli cum hypanthio minute hirtelli, crassissimi atque
sursum ampliati, 5-8 mm. longi, prope basim articulati, ibi circiter
2 mm. lati, demum ad 6 nun. ampliati; bracteolae articulo af&xae
conspicuae, persistentes, rotundato-ovatae, minute hirtellae,
1*5-2 mm. longae atque latae. Flores pulcherrimi, mediocres,
2 ' 5 ” 3’5 cm - diametro. Sepala suborbicularia, ad 3*5 mm. longa,
3-4 mm. lata, ciliolata, ceterum extra glabrescentia vel parce minute
hirtella. Petala dimidio inferiore albo-fiavida, superiore purpurea,
glabra, obovata, inaequalia, majora ad 2*1 cm. longa, ad 1*4 cm. lata.
Androphorum glabrum, explanatum circiter 3*5 cm. longum, super
annulo ad 1*3 cm. latum, galea intus staminodiis dense echinata
ad i*6 cm. diametro. Stamina aurea, circa annulum numerosissima,
filamentis apice ampliatis ad 1*5 mm. longis, antheris globosis vix
0*5 mm. diametro. Staminodia aurea, 2*5~3*5 mm. longa, summa
ananthera, cetera antherifera. Ovarium vertice siccitate nigro
striatulo glabro 3 mm. diametro, disco ochraceo addito ad 6 mm.
diametro, quadriloculare, ovulis numerosis; stylus crasse cylindrico-
conicus, brevis, ad 1*5 mm. longus. Fructus verosimiliter giganteus.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Sept. 7th,
1929, Sandwith 188 (type): large tree in mixed forest, 109 ft. high.

213

2 ft. diam., 40 ft. to the first fork, trunk shallowly fluted, not
buttressed; flowers very handsome; petals cream in lower half,
purple in upper half; stamens and staminodes gold. Bartica
Grove, Aug. 1884, Jenman 2157. “ Guyane anglaise, no. 90, donne

par M. H. Stone ” (Herb. Mus. Paris).

Vernacular names (Arawak): Wadaduri; Monkey Pot.

It will be noticed that the vernacular names are the same as those
recorded by Appun for L. crassinoda Miers, which was also collected
in British Guiana. This species was described from leaves and fruit
only, and the leaves, as pointed out above, differ widely from those
of A. Davisii, although it is possible that future collections may show
that such leaves may be produced on trees of the latter.

Forestry Department no. 56A, from the Pomeroon River, July
1918, coll. Hohenkerk, is another Wadaduri, with leaves very similar
to those of L. Davisii, up to 10 cm. long, and up to 4-5 cm. wide.
There are no flowers or calyces on the specimen, but a fruit was
forwarded which was collected from the same tree, and which is
extremely distinct from that of L. crassinoda and L. tumefacta.
This fruit may be described as follows: pyxidium sublaeve,
scrobiculatum, rhomboideo-turbinatum, 13-5 cm. altum, 14 cm.
diametro, “ zona calyculari ” supra medium (8*5 cm. e basi) obscure
sinuata obsoletissime lobata, “ vitta interzonal! ” angulo circiter 40°
adscendente 4-5 cm. longa, operculo extra convexo vix 7 cm.
diametro vix 2 cm. alto apice umbonato, intus (“ columella *’) late
conico fibroso ad 3 cm. longo; semina anguste ellipsoidea,
2*5-3*3 cm. longa, vulgo 1 cm. diametro, brunnea, rugulosa, costata,
costis paflidioribus, funiculis membranaceis albis 2 cm. vel ultra
longis.

Eschweilera (§ Ghytroma) decolorans Sandwith, sp. nov.; ob
calycem corollamque magnam, pedicellos insigne articulatos, petala
nivea post florem lapsum contusa colore viridi-caeruleo insigni tincta
valde distincta; faciem Lecythidis grandiflorae Aubl. atque L.
persistentis Sagot praebens, ab ilia foliis minoribus angustioribus
minus crassis minus obsolete crenulatis, petiolis brevioribus minus
crassis, racemi rhachi minus crassa, floribus minoribus differt; a
L, persistente Sagot, quae pedicellos similiter articulatos exhibet,
inter alia foliis haud coriaceis petiolis brevioribus, sepalis duplo
majoribus differt.

Arbor mediocris usque excelsa, saepius 15-30 m. alta, ramulis
summis novellis glabris siccitate nigrescentibus. Folia oblonga
usque elliptica vel lanceolata, apice conspicue acute acuminata vel
abrupte cuspidata, acumine 0*8-2 cm. longo, basi obtusa vel abrupte
cuneata, 5-21*5 cm. longa, 1'8-8*3 cm - lata, chartacea, utrinque
nitida, glabra, siccitate olivacea, margine obsolete sed distincte
crenulato, utrinque intricatissime subaequaliter reticulata, nervis
primariis utroque costae laterae 10-16 a margine satis longe (saepe
6-10 mm) anastomosantibus; petiolus supra profunde canalicu-
latus, o*3-i*2 cm. longus, raro ad 2 mm. (vulgo 1*75 mm.) crassus.

214

Inflorescentia vulgo simpliciter racemosa, 3-12 cm. longa, ad 12-flora;
rhachis glabra, 1-2*5 mm. crassa, flexuosa, angulata; pedicelli
glabri, 0*6-2 *2 cm. longi, sub flore dilatati, ad 2*5 mm. crassi, infra
medium vel bas im versus conspicue crasse articulati, parte inferiore
crassiore post florem lapsum persistente, parte superiore saepius
nutante; bracteolae ex articulo orientes, magnae, oblongae, ad
9 mm. longae (saepe breviores), ad 3 mm. latae, mox caducae.
Alabastra matura saepe ad 1*5 cm. diametro. Flores magni,
circiter 6-7 cm. diametro. Sepala magna, late rotundato-ovata,
obtusissima, glabra sed glanduloso-punctulata, margine fimbriatula,
ad 1 cm. longa, ad 1 cm. lata. Petala inaequalia, late oblonga,
2 *5-3 *2 cm. longa, 1*7 usque fere 2*5 cm. lata, glabra, parce fimbriato-
ciliolata, nivea sed mox contusione hie illic viridi-caerulea vel colore
indici conspicue maculata. Androphorum luteum, glabrum,
explanatum ad 5 cm. longum, super annulo circiter 1*5 cm. latum,
turn in galeam incur vat am staminodiis dense echinatam 2 cm.
diametro expansum. Stamina circa annulum et paullo supra valde
numerosa; filamenta circiter i*8 mm. longa, sub filo antherifero
brevissimo ampliata; antherae 0*5 mm. diametro. Stammodia
ad 7 mm. longa, basi saepius 2-3 mm. lata, vulgo subfalcata, acuta,
ananthera. Ovarium semisuperum, vertice elevato rotundato
corrugulato 5 mm. diametro, in stylum brevem conicum 2 mm.
longum contractual, quadnloculare, ovulis in quoque loculo e basi
erectis paucis ut videtur 4. Fructus non visus.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Aug.-Oct.
1929, Sandwith 348 (type), 2, 414, 460: tree 50-115 ft. high,
4-24 in. diam., in mixed forest; petals pure white, always bruising
a dark bluish-green; androphorum yellow. Yarikita River, North¬
west District, April 1929, Forestry Department record no. 920. Near
Bartica, Nov. 1886, Jenman 2474.

Vernacular name (Arawak), Smooth-leaved Kakaralli.

Eschweilera Wachenheimii (R. Benoist) Sandwith, comb, nov.,
descr. ampl.— Lecythis Wachenheimii R. Benoist in Bull. Mus. Hist.
Nat. Paris, xxix. 594 (1923).

Arbor satis parva vel mediocris ; ramuli sum mi tenues, graciles,
novelli puberuli. Folia lanceolata, elliptica usque oblanceolata vel
fere obovata, apice longe conspicue acute anguste acuminata vel
cuspidata, acumine vulgo 1-2*5 cm * longo, basi attenuata acuta,
4-18 cm. longa, 1*3-5 *7 cm. lata, tenuiter chartacea, glabra, nitidula,
margine paullum revoluto obsolete crenulato, supra pallide olivacea
intricatissime reticulata, subtus siccitate pallide grisea vel fere
glaucescentia valde sed minus intricate reticulata, nervis lateralibus
utroque costae latere 8-12 patuli-adscendentibus distantia conspicua
(3-10 mm.) a margine anastomosantibus ; petiolus glaber, corrugu-
latus, gracilis, supra canaliculatus, vulgo 4-8 mm. longus. Inflores¬
centia racemosa, simplex vel basi ramosa ; racemi rigidi, multiflori
atque densiflori nodis incrassatis, ad 6 cm. longi, 2-3 mm. crassi,
dense puberuli, Flores subsessiles, 2*5 cm. diametro attingentes.

21s

Calyx siccitate brunneus, crassus, puberulus atque verruculosus,
limbo post anthesin cupulari 6-8 mm. diametro ; hypanthium 2 mm.
longum, 3 mm. latum; lobi late ovati vel semiorbiculares,
rotundati, ciliolati, post anthesin suberecti, ad 175 mm. longi, ad
2*5 mm. lati. Petala albo-flavida, inaequalia (interiora majora),
extra (praesertim exteriora) plus minusve minute cinereo-puberula,
intus glabra, eciliata, 0*8-1-2 cm. longa, 7-9 mm. lata. Andro-
phorum flavum, totum ad 2*5 cm. longum, basi ultra annulum 6 mm.
latum, glabrum, galea 1 cm. longa 17 cm. lata, appendiculis
anantheris lineari-falcatis ad 4*5 mm. longis obtecta. Stamina circa
annulum numerosissima, filamentis 0*7 mm. longis; majora etiam
triente androphori inferiore filamentis ad 2*5 mm. longis reperiuntur.
Ovarium semisuperum, biloculare, loculis pauciovulatis, demum post
anthesin turbinatum circiter ad 7 mm. longum atque diametro ;
stylus brevis, crassus, saepius subfalcatus, ad 2 mm. longus.
Fructus non visus.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Aug.-
Sept., 1929, Sandmth 106, 169, 280 ; a tree of middle size or some¬
times only 45-50 ft. high, in morabukea and mixed forest; petals
creamy-yellow ; androphorum darker yellow.

French Guiana. Godebert and crique Sainte Marguerite,
Wachenheim 283, 359 (typi in Herb. Mus. Paris). These specimens
agree perfectly with the British Guiana material.

Vernacular name (Arawak), Fine-leaved Black Kakaralli.

Eschweilera grata Sandmth , sp. nov.; E. micranthae Meirs forsan
afBnis, ob inflorescentias omnino glabras, rhachin pedicellosque
graciles saepius flexuosos, fiores parvos flavidos distinctissima.

Arbor mediocris, circiter 21 m. alta; ramuli glabri, novelli
siccitate olivaceo-nigrescentes, parce lenticellati, intemodiis
0*8-3 cm - longis. Folia lanceolata usque elliptica, apice ad 1*2 cm.
conspicue acute acuminata, basi cuneata, satis parva, 5-13*5 cm.
longa, 1 *2-5 *2 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, integra, nitidula, con-
coloria, glabra, margine revoluto, utrinque praesertim supra
reticulata, nervis primariis utroque costae latere 12-16 adscenden-
tibus arcuatis vel subrectis 2-8 mm. a margine anastomosantibus;
petiolus glaber, gracilis, corrugulatus, 3-8 mm. longus, circiter
1*2 mm. crassus. Injlorescentia paniculata vel simpliciter racemosa,
rhachi pedicellisque flavo-olivaceis omnino glaberrimis gracilibus
atque saepius conspicue flexuosis, nodis incrassatis; rami ad
10 cm. longi; pedicelli 0*4-1 *5 cm. longi, saepius vix 0*5 mm. crassi.
Alabastra flava, globosa, 4-6 mm. diametro. Flores aperti parvi,
ad 2*5 cm. diametro. Sepala ovata usque oblonga-ovata, obtusa,
glabra sed parce inconspicue ciliolata, ad 2*5 mm. longa, ad 2 mm.
lata. Petala laete flavida, inaequalia, late obovato-elliptica,
i*i-i* 4 cm. longa, 8-10 mm. lata. Androphorum luteum, totum
2*2 cm. longum, super annulo 8 mm. latum, turn galea appendiculis
anantheris linearibus ad 3*5 mm. longis dense echinata ad 1 cm, lata.
Stamina lutea, filamentis 0*7 mm. longis, amtheris globosis 0*3 mm.

216

diametro. Ovarium biloculare, vertice ad 2*5 nun. diametro, stylo
conico brevissimo ad 0*7 mm. longo ; ovula in quoque loculo pauca,
ut videtur 2. Frucfus non visus.

British Guiana. Cuyuni River; in hilly mixed forest near
the right bank below the Akaio Falls, Nov. 22nd, 1929, Smtdwith 651.
A middle-sized tree, about 70 ft. high, 8 in. diam. Inflorescence
veiy pretty, with slender green to reddish pedicels, small yellow
buds, small flowers up to 1 in. diam., with rich creamy-yellow petals,
and a darker yellow androphorum.

Eschweilera simplex Miers in Trans. Linn. Soc. xxx. 264 (1874)
is Cymbopetalum brasiliense (Veil.) Bth. (Annonaceae). This
identification has been confirmed by Prof. R. E. Fries, who also
examined the solitary type specimen (Cayenne, Martin) in Herb.
Mus. Brit., see Acta Horti Bergiani, x. 186 (1931). Miers (l.c)
wrote “ As there is only a single flower glued to the sheet, I could not
ascertain its structure.” But the androecium is visible and, added
to the unusual facies, should have saved the author from this curious
and unnecessary" error.

Couratari pulchra Sanduith , sp. nov.; Allantomae subramosae
Miers affinis, foliis simillimis, sed inflorescentiis laxis, pedicellis multo
longioribus, lobis calycinis magis ovatis corollaque majoribus,
petalis conspicue ciliatis, ovulis paullo angustius obovoideo-
spathulatis differt.

Arbor excelsa, ad 45 m. alta, foliis fere omnibus simul deciduis,
inflorescentiis roseis creberrimis per ramulos summos defoliatos
gestis, insignis atque pulcherrima ; ramuli corrugato-striati, juven-
tute brevissime tomentelli, demum glabrati purpurascentes lenti-
cellati; ramuli summi laterales brevissimi, apice foliis binis term-
inati. Folia adulta oblonga usque obovato-oblonga, apice truncato-
rotundata vel breviter late cuspidata, basi rotundata vel raro
cuneata, 7-15 cm. longa, 4-7-8 cm. lata, coriacea, Integra sed
marginibus undulatis revolutis, supra glabrata vel pubescentia
nitidula nervis costaque impressis sed conspicuis, subtus dense
conspicue arachnoideo-stellato-pubescentia nervis costaque tomen-
tellis, reticulata, nervis primariis utroque costae latere vulgo
18-22 basi folii excepta adscendentibus subrectis parallehs
marginem versus anastomosantibus ; petiolus dense minute tomen-
tellus, profunde canaliculatus, 1-1*7 cm. longus. Inflorescentiae per
totum verticem defoliatum creberrimae, paniculatae, pyramidales,
saepius 10-20 cm. longae, ramis longis adscendentibus dense fusco-
tomentellis laxe racemosis; pedicelli siccitate purpurei, dense
tomentelli, graciles, flexuosi, 2-3*7 cm - longi. Alabastra purpurea,
petalis basi viridescenti-pruinosis. Calyx hypanthio subgloboso-
campanulato purpureo tomentello 2-3 mm. longo ad 3-5 mm. lato;
lobi late ovati, purpurei, utrinque pubescentes, 2*5-3*5 mm. longi
atque lati. Petala statu vivente pulcherrime rosea, spathulata;
extimum cucullatum, siccitate apice excepto intense purpureum.

ciliatum, extra granuloso-tomentellum, intus parce pubescens,
circiter 2*5 cm. longum, apice ad 1*2 cm. latum; interiora 5 magis
plana, siccitate dimidio inferiore tantum colore purpureo suffusa,
ciliata, extra farinaceo-pubescentia, intus fere glabra, 2*6-3 cm.
longa, apice 1 cm. lata, basi 4-6 mm. lata. Androphorum statu
vivente roseum margine purpurascente, circiter 3*3 cm. longum,
basi circa annulum 1*2 cm. latum, satis parce pubescens, apice
forma generis Allantomae a cl. Miers descripta, hie 1-1*3 cm * lata vel
diametro. Stamina circa annulum ut videtur 15-25, filamentis
0*7 mm. longis, antheris globosis ad o*6 mm. longis atque latis.
Ovarium triloculare, vertice glabro, stylo umbonato o*6 mm. alto,
loculis pluriovulatis ; ovula anguste obovoideo-spathulata. Fructus
ignotus.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, August
26th, 1929, Sandwith 122 (type) : a very large tree, 142 ft. high,
in mixed forest; flowering without the leaves, the whole crown
covered with inflorescences in rose-pink masses; buds purplish;
androphorum with darker reddish-purple margin; a few mature
leaves were collected when the tree was felled and, not long after,
a collection was made of some fresh young leaves which had
sprouted after the fall. Ibid., Oct. 15th, 1929, Sandwith 459;
mature leaves of a young, still sterile, tree 85 ft. high, 8 in. diam.,
in mixed forest, doubtfully referable to this species.

Vernacular name (Arawak), Wadara.

One of the largest and most beautiful trees in these forests,
broadly buttressed for some distance from the ground. It is closely
allied to Allantoma subramosa Miers of Cayenne, but is easily dis¬
tinguished by the much finer laxer inflorescences, with longer pedicels
and larger flowers, the larger more ovate (not semicircular) calyx-
lobes, and the conspicuously ciliate petals.

This species is placed in the genus C our atari in accordance with
the views of Mr. P. J. Eyma, of Utrecht, who will shortly publish an
account of the Lecythidaceae of Surinam, in which he will discuss the
composite nature of Miers’ genus Allantoma, and the interpretation
of Aublet's genus Couratari. Mr. Eyma has done a great service to
tropical American botany by elucidating these highly intricate
problems, and the writer records his grateful thanks to him for
enabling the treatment of the present species to fall into line with'
his conclusions. Meanwhile, a paper proposing a lectotype for
Allantoma Miers has been prepared by Dr. T. A. Sprague.

Apocynaceae.

The following new species has been described by Dr. Robert E.
Woodson, Jr., who kindly examined some of the material of this
family which was collected by the Oxford Expedition:—

Odontadenia Sandwithiana Woodson in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard.
sviit 547 (* 93 i).

2lS

Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, November 2nd, 1929,
Sandwith 552 : a bush-rope in wallaba forest on sandy ridge, only
once found; buds yellowish-green ; corolla hypocrateriform, limb
white. Type in Kew Herb.; photograph and drawing in Herb.
Missouri Bot. Gard.; duplicate without corollas in Herb. Jard. Bot,
Rio de Janeiro.

Nyctaginaceae.

Pisoniae (§ Eupisonia) Guianenses Novae.

Auctore A. Heimerl, Vienna.

Pisonia albiflora Heimerl , sp. nov.

Arbuscula (?), paulo ultra bimetralis. Rami graciliores, griseo-
brunneoli, in summis intemodiis pilis ferrugineis (partim etiam
griseolis), brevibus, patulis, rigidulis subhirsuti, indumento dein
plus minusve evanescente, gemmis dense ferrugineo-puberulis.
Folia (minora subsessilia, latissime ovata, brevissime antice
acuminata) pleraque spectabilia, petiolo 10-14 mm. longo, 1*5 mm.
crasso, modice piloso suiiulta, oblongo-elliptica, 13-15*2 cm. longa,
4-6-5 cm. lata, fere in dimidio latissima, basin versus vel cuneatim
vel magis obtusatim angustata, antice breviter acuminata et
producta, apice ipso paulo obtusiusculo, in sicco brunneola, con-
coloria, pergamacea, supra paululum nitentia et glabra, infra opaca
et secus costam pilis (eisdem ut in petiolo) brunneolis, subsetulosis
hirta, indumento costali versus laminae basin densiore, versus
apicem sensim evanescente, costa validiuscula, nervis secundariis
usque 15 utrinque, rectiusculis, sub angulo 70-80° abeuntibus,
sparse tenuiterque ramifieatis, nervatura utraque facie paulum
prominula. Inflorescentiae $ pedunculo debiU, plus minusve
arcuato, 3-6-4*9 cm - longo, modice dense ferruginoso-piloso suffultae,
corymbosae, 2-4-37 cm. latae, 1 -4-2-3 cm. longae, plus minusve
floribundae, minus densae, subglabrae, ramificatiombus tenuibus,
ramis primariis 4, subumbellatim ordinatis, plus minusve inaequi-
longis, usque 1-4 cm. longis, eodem modo iterum ramificatis, ramis
sec un d ar iis apice vel dichasia vel pleiochasia umbelliformia densius-
cula gerentibus, floribus partim sessilibus, partim pedicello tenuiore
vix 2 mm. superante sufiultis. Flores $ vivo albi, sicco bicolores,
infra cuprosi, supra atri, limbo pallidiore, basi bracteolis 3,
0-75-1 mm. longis, lanceolatis, infra coalitis, lateralibus angusti-
oribus, plus minusve acutiusculis, parum hirtuhs induti. Perianthia
$ breviter tubuloso-infundibuliformia, 3 mm. longa, tubo x mm. crasso,
infra dimidium minute cuproso-hirtula, supra id glabrata, limbo
2 mm. lato, obscure lobulato, lobulis fere omnino membrana pallidiore
conjunctis. Germen 4 mm. longum, ovario ovato, sine limite in
stylum crassiusculum attenuato, stigmate 1 mm. lato, ad 2 mm. e
limbo exserto, tenuiter fimbriato. Staminodia 1 mm. longa,
subulata, antheris mlnutis.

British Guiana. Kabakaburi, Pomeroon District, Feb. 1923,
J. S. De La Cruz 3317 (type in Kew Herb., distributed from the
New York Botanical Garden). " 7 ft. tall; flowers white."

Indumento rigidulo, subsetuloso in innovationibus, petiolis,
foliorum costis, foliis magnis oblongo-ellipticis costa excepta glabris
breviter acuminatis fere in dimidio latissimis, inflorescentiis $ hand
spectabilibus, pedunculo piloso debiliore plus minusve arcuato
portatis, subbiumbellatis, Soribus $ vivo albis, infra cuproso-
hirtulis, in limbo fere elobatis recognoscenda.

Pisonia glabra Heimerl, sp. nov.; glabritie fere omnium partium
imprimis ramificationum, foliorum, inSorescentiarum, perianthiorum,
foliis dense et prominenter utrinque reticulatis, perianthiis anguste
infundibuliformibus, staminibus fere semper 8 distincta.

Arbor vel frutex, circiter 14 m. alta. Rami vel divaricato- vel
irregulari-ramificati, griseobrunnei, omnino (etiam in innovationibus)
glabri, gemmis solum paululum cuproso-hirtulis. Folia (minora
breviter elliptica, cito in petiolum usque 10 mm. longum contracta,
2*2-4*5 cm. longa, 1*4-2*6 cm. lata, antice obtusa vel rotundata)
pleraque petiolo 1*4-2-8 cm. longo, usque 2 mm. crasso, glabro
suffulta, late elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica vel elliptico-lanceolata
(rarius in formam obovatam leviter vergentia), usque 14*2 cm. longa
et 6*2 cm. lata, vulgo in dimidio latissima, saepe utrinque fere aeque
angustata ad subacuminata, apice ipso plus minusve acuto breviter
prominente, in sicco brunnea, concoloria, coriacea, supra nitida,
infra opaca, etiam prima evolutione glabra, costa validiuscula,
infra magis prominente, nervis secundariis 6-15 utrinque, leviter
arcuatis, sub angulo 70-80° abeuntibus, frequentissime rarnificatis,
nervatura itaque eximie reticulata et utraque facie (supra fere
acute) prominente. Inflorescentiae £ pedunculo stricto, 3-8*5 cm.
longo, glabro suffultae, breviter corymboso-paniculatae, usque
5*4 cm. latae et 4 cm. longae, plus minusve fioribundae, plus
minusve densae, pallide virides, glabrae (raro in ramulorum angulis
sparsissime pulverulenter hirtae), ramificationibus strictiusculis,
hand tenuibus, ramis primariis usque 5, varie ordinatis, 1-2 cm.
longis, vel apice paucos Sores directe gerentibus vel iterum varie
rarnificatis, ramis secundariis vel Sores singulos vel Sores 2-4 plus
minusve dense confertos praebentibus, Soribus vel sessilibus vel
pedicello usque 2*5 mm. longo minus tenui suifultis. Flores d vivo
pallide virides, basi bracteolis 3-4, vix x mm. longis, lanceolatis,
subaequalibus, acutiusculis, fere glabris induti. Perianthia $ anguste
infundibuliformia, 6-6*5 mm - longa, supeme 3-3*5 mm. lata, fere
aequaliter a basi in limbum ampliata, glabra, limbo (initio supra
papSloso) levissime lobulato, lobulis valde brevibus obtusis.
Stamina 8 (raro 9), 6*5-10*5 mm. longa, partim bene exserta, fila-
mentis albis, antheris 0*75 mm. longis. Germinis rudimentum
4-5*5 mm. longum, ovario ellipsoideo, breviter stipitato, stylo pauUo
crassiore, apice truncato, vix papilloso.

British Guiana. Upper Demerara River, shrub, Sept. 1887,
Jenman 3978. MorabaUi Creek, Essequibo River, Oct. 1929,
Sandwith 533: low tree, 45 ft high, in wallaba forest on sandy

220

ridge; inflorescence wholly pale green; perianth slightly frilled at
the edge; filaments white.

POLYGONACEAE.

Goccoloba gymnorrhachis Sandwith, sp. nov.; C. striatae Benth.
forsan affinis, costis ochrearum haud conspicue persistentibus,
inflorescentiis longioribus rhachi glabra neque minute tomentella,
ochreolis bractea subduplo longioribus differt.

Frufex altissime scandens, ramulis summis cinereis corrugatis,
homotinis nigrescentibus striatis lenticellatis. Ochreae caducae,
adpresse pilosae, 4-7 mm. longae. Folia obovato-elliptica usque
elliptica, apice 0-5-1 cm. abrupte acuminata vel cuspidata, basi
leviter sed semper distincte cordata, 6-14-5 cm. longa, 3-7 cm.
lata, glabra, rigide chartacea vel seniora subcoriacea, utrinque
nitidula, utrinque subtilissime reticulata venulis in foliis senioribus
supra impressis sed in junioribus prominulis, nervis primariis
utroque costae latere vulgo 10-14 m medio folio costam angulo
45-60° relinquentibus sursum longe arcuantibus atque marginem
versus anastomosantibus; petiolus nigrescens, glaber, 0-7-2 cm.
longus. Inflorescentiae apice ramulorum brevium terminales,
solitariae, simplices, foliis longiores, saepius 14-23 cm. longae,
rhachi omnino glabra sulcata haud (vel in planta surinamensi sparse)
lenticellata, pedunculo 1-2 cm. longo prope basim nonnunquam
florifero, nodulis bifloris. Bractea parva, ovata, obtusa, glabra,
sub flore aperto pallide flavescens, vix ad 1*5 mm. longa atque lata.
Ochreolae 2, bractea fere duplo longiores, bilobae, glabrae, 2-5-2-8 mm.
longae; exterior pedicellum vetustum jam disarticulatum ac
ochreolam secundam floriferam includens. Pedicdli glabri, ochreolis
paullo superati. Perianthium albo-vixide; tubus campanulato-
obconicus, sparse pilosulus, vix 1 mm. longus, vix 1-5 mm. latus ;
lobi ovati, obtusi, minutissime ciliolati, ad 1-75 mm. longi, ad
1*3 mm. lati. Stamina exserta, glabra, filamentis inaequalibus e basi
lata 1-3-1 *8 mm. longis. Ovarium glabrum, cum stylis 3 ad 2 mm.
longum. Fructus (plantae surinamensis) ovoideo-fusiformis, apice
obtuso, vulgo 1-1*2 cm. longus, 8 mm. diametro, glaber, verrucu-
losus, siccitate brunneus, lobis perianthii apice adpressis, pedicellis
ad 6 mm. longis.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Sept. 3rd,
1929, Sandwith 168 (type in Kew Herb.; dupl. in Herb. New York,
Rio de Janeiro, Utrecht). A bush-rope in mixed forest; flowers
whitish-green.

Surinam. Forest reserve, Brownsberg, fr. Nov. 1924, Herb .
Boschwezen no. 6773 (Utrecht, Kew). This collection was compared
at Utrecht with the type collection by Mr. P. J. Eyma, and fragments
have been presented to the Kew Herbarium. It is satisfactory to be
able to include a description of the fruit.

221

PODOSTEMONACEAE.

The following species, only recently described and previously
unrepresented at Kew, have kindty been identified by Mr. G. Taylor,
of the British Museum Herbarium :—

Marathrum Jenmanii Engl, in Engl. Jahrb. lxi. Beibl. 138, 5
(1927).

Cuyuni River; in depressions on the flat rocky shore of an
islet at the Akaio Falls, Nov. 25th, 1929, Sandwith 694: scapes
short and thick, reddish-mauve, shorter than the olive-brown
sheath; filaments whitish-mauve; anthers greenish-pink; ovary
and style dark reddish-violet; stigma uncloven, blackish.

Jenmaniella varians Engl. l.c. 7.

Essequibo River ; on low flat rocks on the right bank at the first
Falls, Oct. 14th, 1929, Sandwith 446 ; plants light red and green,
very small and densely crowded, flowering when still damp but just
not submerged ; stamens 1-2, with filaments much longer than the
gynaecium; anthers greenish.

Myristicaceae.

Iryantliera paraensis Huber in Bol. Mus. Para, v. 358 (1909).

Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Oct.-Nov. 1929, Sandwith
429 (?, and 542 $. A small tree, 30-50 ft. high, in mixed forest;
branchlets ferrugineous; male flowers white, female pinkish-cream
with green stigma ; the female inflorescences are much shorter than
the male, which are remarkably long.

Vernacular name (Arawak)^ Kirikowa.

Distr. Para. The first record from British Guiana.

Kindly confirmed by Dr. Ducke, who remarks that I. elongaia
Huber is only a form of this species.

Monimiaceae. .

Siparuna decipiens (Tid.) DC. Prodr. xvi. pt. 2, 643 (1868).—
Citriosma decipiens Tul. Monogr. 368 {1855).

Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Sept.-Oct,, 1929, Sandwith
346, 412 : a small tree, 25-40 ft. high, 6 in. diam., in mixed forest;
leaves and inflorescence silvery-lepidote. Previously collected in
the Colony by Mansfield and Kortright, Herb. no. 8737, at Bonasika,
Essequibo River, in 1909.

Distr . French Guiana to Rio Acre (Bolivia).

Lauraceae.

Aniba (subgen. Ajoueopsis Mez) hypoglauca Sandwith , sp. nov.;
in hoc subgenere foliis subtus glands, inflorescentia pseudoterminali,
ovaxio glaberrimo qua.m stylo multo breviore distinguenda.

Arbor mediocris in eperuetis crescens, cortice pallide brunneo
squameo in laminas verticales decorticante; ramuli summi sulcato-
angulati, indumento pallide fulvo tomentelli, demum glabrati
cinerei.' Folia lanceolata, elliptica, usque obovato-elliptica, apice

sensim satis longe (ad 1*5 cm.) conspicue acuminata, basi attenuata
cuneata, 3-13-5 cm. longa, 1 •3-4-3 cm. lata, supra glabra olivacea
nitidula nervis impressis atque subtilissime areolata, subtus (sicci-
tate saltern) glauca pilis adpressis satis dense pubescentia costa
nervisque primariis utroque latere 10-12 elevatis venulis haud
conspicuis; petiolus debilis, saepe curvatus, supra canaliculatus,
O-12 mm. (vulgo 10 mm.) longus. Inflorescentiae pyramidali-
thyrsoideae, apice ramulorum complures pseudo-terminales,
racemose dispositae> passim dense tomentellae; bracteae bracteo-
laeque subfoliaceae, caducae, 3-10 mm. longae. Flores flavescentes ;
pedicelli nutantes, nonnunquam penduli, sulcati, 1-5-5 mm. longi.
Perianthii tubus conspicuus, urceolatus, sub lobis constrictus,
1*5 mm. longus, 1 mm. latus, extra griseo-tomentellus, intus
longe dense sericeo-pilosus; lobi subaequales, exteriores majores,
ovati, 0-5-0*7 mm. longi atque lati, utrinque plus minusve tomen-
telli, siccitate brunnescentes, flore maturo stylo necnon saepe
androecio superati. Staminum series duae exteriores antheris
glabris introrsis, filamentis pilosis antheris paullum longioribus
aequilatis; series tertia staminodialis, in medio biglandulosa,
filamentis pilosis, turn supra glandulas contracta liguliformis pilosa.
Ovarium eUipsoideum, glabrum, circiter 0-75 mm. longum, sensim
m stylum glabrum multo longiorem ad 1-75 mm. longum transiens.
Fntdus ovoideo-ellipsoideus, 2-2 cm. longus, 1-5 cm. diametro;
cupula nigrescens, pubescens, corrugata, haud multum verrucosa,
hemispherica, 7-8 rnffir. alta, i-x-i-5 cm. diametro.

British Guiana. Warimia Creek, Essequibo River, June 6th,
1929, Forestry Department record nos. 941 and 942 (type). “ Middle-
sized tree, 18 in. diam., in wallaba forest on gentle slope on white
sand. Slightly buttressed. Bark light brown, scaly, peeling off in
vertical stripes. Blaze pale yellow, very aromatic. Flowers
yellowish.”— T. A. W. Davis.

Vernacular name (Arawak), Yellow or Gale Silverballi.

Ocotea rubra Mez in Jahrb. Bot. Gart. Berlin, v. 258 (1889).

Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Oct. nth, 1929, Sandwith
424. A large tree, over 100 ft. high, 23 in. diam., in greenheart
forest; also seen in mixed and wallaba forest. Wood very fragrant,
recalling the scent of Angelica. Buds white.

Vernacular name, Determa.

Distr. French Guiana. Apparently first record for British
Guiana.

O. oblonga (Meissn.) Mez, l.c. 36 7.—O. Hartiana Mez in Urb.Symb.
Antill. ii. 251 (1900) reducenda, fide Mez in sched. in Herb. Mus.
Berol. Mespilodaphne ? oblonga Meissn. in DC. Prodr. xv. pt. x. 107
(1864). 7

Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Sept. 15th, 1929, Sandwith
264. A large tree in morabukea forest; buds greenish-yellow.

223

Distr. Trinidad, French Guiana. Apparently first record for
British Guiana.

Nectandra (subgen. Synandrodaphne Meissn.) praeclara
Sandwith , sp. nov.; N. dioicae Mez affinis, indumento ramulorum
arete adpresso sericeo, foliis oblongis apice saepe rotundatis oblique
cuspidatis, inflorescentiis longis laxioribus, pedicellis longioribus
valde distincta.

Arbor excelsa, circiter 30 m. alta, 20-30 cm. diametro, in
eperuetis crescens; ramuli subteretes, obscure angulati et striatuli,
pilis arete adpressis flavicantibus dense subnitenti-sericei. Folia
oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica, apice in cuspidem vel mucronem
angustum acutissimum ad 5 mm. longum saepe obliquum abrupte
attenuata vel rotundata, rarius in exemplis male evolutis truncata
emarginata, basi cuneata saepe obliqua, 5-20 cm. longa, 3-7 cm.
lata, coriacea, supra nitida olivacea sparse pubescentia vel glabra,
subtus opaca glaucescentia passim arete minute sericeo-pubescentia,
utrinque praesertim subtus valde intricatissime reticulata, nervis
primariis utroque costae latere 4-7 supra cum costa venulisque
immersis subtus valde elevatis sursum longissime sensim arcuatis
atque margine ipso demum anastomosantibus ; petiolus indumento
ramulorum indutus, valde corrugato-sulcatus, 1-3 cm. longus.
Inflorescentiae numerosae, speciosae, axillares, laxe thyrsoideae,
foliis superatae, saepius 9-17 cm. longae, totae flavicanti- vei
cinereo-sericeae; rami primarii vulgo 1-2*3 cm. longi ; cymae satis
laxae, floribus haud stipatis ; pedicelli vulgo 2-5 mm. longi. Flores
dioici, masculi tantum visi, flavi, 4-5 mm. diametro. Perianthium
siccitate extra cinereo-sericeum, intus brunneum atque cinereo-
tomentellum ; tubus conspicuus subglobosus, ad 2 mm. longus, ad
2-5 mm. latus; lobi ovati, obtusi, subaequales, ad 175 mm. longi
atque lati. Antherae exteriores perfectae quadratae, sessiles, apice
truncato maturitate inflexo, glabrae, basi sericea excepta. Ovarii
rudimentum anguste ellipsoideum, dense albo-pilosum, cum stylo
brevi glabro ad 1*2 mm. longum.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Oct. 7th,
1929, Sandwith 387 (type) : tall tree, 101 ft. high, in. diam., on
ridge in wallaba forest; branches of inflorescence peach-bloom
•colour; pedicels orange-red; perianth-lobes creamy-yellow;
anthers green. Ibid., Oct. 29th, 1929, Sandwith 535: tall tree,
92 ft. 7 in. high, 1 ft. diam., in wallaba forest on sandy ridge; floral
parts exactly as in no. 387. Near Monkey Creek, Anarika Line,
Demerara-Essequibo Railway, March 1910, C. W. Anderson 62: a
female tree, bearing fruit; berry ovoid-subglobose, about 1 cm.
long, shortly apiculate; cupules 8-9 mm. long, up to 1*3 cm. wide,
greyish-tomentellous round the margin at the apex, otherwise
blackish and glabrescent, gradually narrowed into a thickened
pedicel about 7 mm, long and 5 mm. wide at the apex.

Vernacular names (Arawak), Shirua; Broad-leaved Soft
Silverballi (Anderson).

224

Hernandiaceae.

Sparattanthelium guianense Sandwith, sp. nov.; forma fructus
ad S. amazonum Mart, approximans, indumento foliorum statim
distinguenda; 5 . Burchellii Rusby foliis membranaceis subtus
velutinis, fructu latiore differt; S. tarapotanum Meissn. fructu
multo longiore, S. Botocudorum Mart, et S. Tupinambazum Mart,
forma fructus ipsa, toto caelo discrepant.

Fndex ingens, altissime scandens ; ramuli summi striati, apicem
versus dense pilosuli, infeme brunnescentes glabrescentes. Folia
forma atque magnitudine valde variabili, lanceolato- vel ovato- vel
obovato-elliptica, apice nonnunquam sensim longe conspicue
(i—2 cm.) acuminata, nonnunquam rotundata plus minusve abmpte
breviter cuspidata, basi rotundata vel saltern obtusa, 4-16*5 cm.
longa, 2-8 cm. lata, rigide chartacea usque coriacea, margine revoluto,
supra siccitate olivaceo-nigrescentia lucida juventute secus nervos
pubescentia mox glabrata, subtus pallidiora olivacea vel grisea
juventute passim crispule pilosula senectute praeter nervos venul-
asque sparse sed regulariter pilosulas glabrata, basi trinervia nervis
primariis ceteris lateralibus e costa supra medium exorientibus,
nervis venulisque supra impressis obscuris vel haud prominulis,
subtus praesertim in foliis majoribus vetustis valde intricate pulchre
reticulatis, nervis secundariis plus minusve rectis parallelis e primariis
angulo recto exorientibus; petiolus dense pilosulus vel senectute
glabratus, satis brevis, 0*5-3 cm. longus. Inflorescentiae numerosae,
generis typicae, maturitate ad 20 cm. longae, laxe atque late divari-
catae, pedunculis ramisque pubescentibus, floribus pedicellisque
cinereo-villosulis; partes masculae densiflorae, femineae pauci-
florae ; pedunculus primarius saepius 5-8 cm. longus. Perianthium
masculum pedicello filiformi flexuoso 2-3 mm. longo, 4-5-partitum;
lobi elliptici vel obovato-elliptici, 2-2*5 mm * longi, ad 1-25 mm. lati;
stamina 4-5, antheris circiter 1 mm. longis, filamentis glabris
brevissimis circiter 0*25 mm. longis; stylus pilosus, fere ad 2 mm.
longus. Perianthium femineum pedicello longiore 5-8 mm. longo,
5-partitum; tubus cum ovario primum 1*25 mm. longus 1 mm.
latus, mox nigrescens pilosulus ad 3 mm. longus; lobi lineari-
oblongi, ad 2*5 mm. longi, ad 0*75 mm. lati; stylus pilosus, 2 mm.
longus. Inflorescentia frucfifera habitu insigni generis typico, ossea,
argenteo-candida, nodosa, pubescens vel glabrata. Fructus
argenteo-griseus, glaber, rugulosus, haud conspicue costatus,
angustus, ellipsoideo-oblongus, 1*5-1 *6 cm. longus, 6-7 mm. diametro,
vertice reliquiis floralibus haud ad 1 mm. longis coronatus.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Oct. 17th,
1929, Sandwith 470 (type) : bush-rope in mixed forest; young
inflorescence very pale pinldsh-brown; old inflorescence and fruit
silvery-grey. Demerara River, May 1889, Jenman 4889.

The lower inflorescences of any given branch are often pre¬
dominantly female and the upper predominantly male, but they are
sometimes entirely of one sex or the other. As the comparatively

225

few-flowered female inflorescences or inflorescence-branches develop
the earlier, they have a very different facies from the male by the
time the latter have reached maturity, since only their long-stalked
terminal flowers remain.

In the course of writing up the material of this genus in the Kew
Herbarium, a Mexican sheet was discovered which cannot be
assigned to any known species and may be described here as
follows:

Sparattanthelium septentrionale Sandwith, sp. nov.; indumento
S. tarapotani Meissn. sed foliis pro rata latioribus, filamentis duplo
longioribus, stylo longiore differt.

Frutex ? scandens, ramulis summis dense conspicue pilosis.
Folia ovata vel elliptica, apice conspicue (1-1-5 cm.) acuminata, basi
obtusa vel rotundata, 6-12 cm. longa, 2-5 cm. lata, chartacea,
nitidula, supra nervis dense mesophyllo sparse pilosa, subtus densius
pilosa praesertim juniora subvelutina, basi trinervia, nervis
primariis ceteris lateralibus e costa supra medium exorientibus,
matura utrinque laxe satis conspicue reticulata; petiolus dense
flavescenti-pilosus, velutinus, I-3-2-2 cm. longus. Inflorescentia
generis typica, circiter 5 cm. longa, passim cinereo-pubescens, pilis
patulis apice falcato-uncinatis inter minores magis adpressos con-
spicuis; rami ramulique gracillimi, intricati, multiflori. Alabastra
minima, vix ad 1 mm. diametro ; pedicelli maturi ad 4 mm. longi,
gracillimi, flexuosi. Perianthium masculum 5-6-partitum; lobi
elliptici, obtusi, inaequales, 1*5-2 mm. longi, ad 1 mm. lati.
Stamina 5, antheris 1 mm. paullum excedentibus, filamentis glabris
0*5 mm. longis. Stylus pilosus, 175 mm. longus. Fructus ignotus.

Mexico. " Yucatan and Tabasco,” Dr. E. P. Johnson 129 in
Herb. Benth., comm. Torrey, 1850.

The only other species hitherto recorded from Central America,
S. guatemalense Standley, is said to have glabrous leaves and
branchlets, and a 4-lobed perianth. The Jurgensen specimen from
South Mexico referred to by Hemsley in Biol. Centr.-Amer. i. 405
(see Standley, Trees and Shrubs of Mexico, p. 1656) is certainly not
5 . guatemalense but agrees well with Brazilian specimens of 5 .
Botocudorum Mart., and it is conceivable that the label has been
misplaced. S. Botocudorum has a much finer and, on the mature
leaves, sparser indumentum than S. septentriomle, while its inflores¬
cence-branches and pedicels are less slender, and its buds larger;
the floral parts of the two species are very similar.

Proteaceae.

Panopsis sessilifolia (Rich.) Sandwith, comb. nov.— Roupala
sessilifolia Rich, in Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Par. i. 106 (1792). R.
hameliaefolia Rudge, PI. Guian. 22, t. 31 (1805). Panopsis hameliae-
folia Knight, Proteaceae, 104 (1809); Ducke in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio
de Janeiro, v. 103 (1930). Andriapetalum sessilifolium Klotzsch in.
Linnaea, xv. 53 (1841).

226

Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Oct. 1929, Sandwith 47 2 > 4 ^ 3 *
Small to middle-sized tree, frequent in mora forest on the bank of the
creek, also in mixed forest. Inflorescence creamy-green to pale
mauve, open perianth sometimes white within; stigma violet.

Vernacular name (Arawak), Mahoballi.

Distr . Guiana, Amazonian Brazil.

Loranthaceae.

Phthirusa monetaria Sandwith, sp. nov.; P. Myrsinites Eichl.
afiinis, forma foliorum, venatione distincta, teraationibus distincte
pedunculatis, forma staminum differt.

Frutex parasiticus. Ramuli fusci usque fusco-purpurei,
squamuloso-furfuracei, senectute glabrescentes, crebre foliosi,
intemodiis 1-3 cm. longis. Folia opposita, orbicularia vel suborbi-
cularia, late elliptico-oblonga vel nonnunquam obovata, apice late
rotundata, raro leviter emarginata, basi rotundata vel obtusa vel
rarius acuta, 1-6*5 cm. longa, 0*7-5-2 cm. lata, apicem ramulorum
versus valde decrescentia, coriacea, opaca, siccitate purpurascentia
rugulosa, satis conspicue 5-7-plinervia, nervis ramosis ac apicem
versus anastomosantibus ; petiolus furfuraceus, crassus, 2*5-5 n™'
longus. Glomeruli axfllares ut ramuli squamuloso-furfuracei, e
temationibus 2-6 conspicue pedunculatis compositi, ad 7 mm. longi;
peduncuh temationum 1-3 mm. longi; bractearum cupulae circiter
1 mm. altae, ad 2*5 mm. latae, lobis late triangularibus. Flores
hermaphroditi, flavo-virides. Hypanthium cupulare, 1 mm. altum,
1*2 mm. latum, apice irregulanter lobatum minutissime cfliolatum.
Petala 6, lineari-oblonga, 1*8-2 mm. longa, 0*5 mm. lata. Stamina
longiora duos petali trientes saepe excedentia, breviora vix atting-
entia, infra medium inserta, filamentis parte libera ad 0*3 mm. longa;
longiora filamentis latis incrassatis, basi ac apice petalo aequilatis,
medio utroque latere profunde excavatis; breviora filamentis e
basi usque antheras sensim angustatis; antherae utriusque seriei
subsimiles, sed eae staminum longiorum magis triangulares, omnes
locellis subaequalibus, connectivis brevissime obscure obtuse
productis. Ovarium obovoideo-subglobosum, disco minute lobulato;
stylus ad 1*25 mm. longus, lineari-clavatus, turn prope apicem
subito contractus ac utroque latere excavatus. Bacca ovoideo-
ellipsoidea, ad 4 mm . longa, circiter 2 mm. diametro.

British Guiana. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Sept.-
Oct., 1929, Satidwith 313 (type) and 421: parasite on the crowns of
large trees in wallaba and mixed forest; flowers yellowish-green ,*
filaments reddish-brown; anthers yellowish. Near Bartica,
Essequibo River, 1886-7, Jennum 2534, 3635, 3639. Demerara
River, 1889, Jenman 5344.

Duplicates are distributed to New York, Rio de Janeiro, Utrecht
and Berlin.

Moraceae.

Ficus Parkeriana (Miq.) Sandwith , comb. nov.— Pharmacosycea
Parkeriana Miq. in Hook. Lond. Joura. Bot. vii. 71 (1848).

227

British Guiana. Without locality, Parker (type). Demerara
River, July 1907, F. C. Foote. Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River,
Oct. 1929, Sandwith 473: epiphytic shrub at 80-100 ft., sending
down thick laticiferous roots; receptacles pink.

Wrongly referred by the Index Kewensis to F. Parkeri Miq.,
which is a totally different species.

The following account of a new species of Ogcodeia is kindly
contributed by Dr. J. Mildbraed of Berlin :

Ogcodeia guianensis Mildbr. in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, xi.
422 (1932).

Small tree , about 50 feet high. Young branchlets glabrous,
chestnut-brown when dry, a little shining, 2 mm. thick. Leaves
shortly petioled, petiole 3-6 mm. long, 1 mm. thick ; lamina oblong,
obtuse and nearly always inaequilateral at the base, acuminate at the
apex, acumen 10-12 (in the smaller ones 5) mm. long, very obtuse,
6-14 (mostly about 12) cm. long and 17-4-5 (mostly 3-4) cm. broad,
quite glabrous; midrib prominent on both sides, on the upper
more than on the lower, lateral nerves 12-16 at each side of the
midrib, nearly straight, arcuately united at about 2 mm. from the
margin, with the reticulated veins not very conspicuous on the upper
surface, more prominent on the lower. Female receptacles in the
fruiting stage depressed-globose, about 4 cm. diam., not surrounded
by perianth-like large bracts at their base, subsessile ; tubercles of
the receptacle (the free tips of the perianth-leaves) nearly as broad
at their base as high (4-5 mm.), irregularly 3-5-gono-pyramidate,
obtusely apiculate at the apex, almost woody, gradually changing
towards the base into smaller and smaller, bract-like, but always
thick and woody, appressed scales ; styles in a younger receptacle
only half as long as the tubercles, divided into two branches about
5 mm. long. Male inflorescences at present unknown.

British Guiana. Cuyuni River ; on the right bank below the
Akaio Falls, Nov. 26th, 1929, Sandwith 698. (Herb. Kew., Berol.,
Novoebor., Rio de Janeiro.) The inflorescences exude a very sticky,
creamy-white latex.

Easily distinguished from all other species of the genus by not
having the female receptacles surrounded by large perianth-like
bracts at their base.

Triuridaceae.

Sciaphila (§Soridium) guianensis Sandwith , sp. nov.; 5 .
Spruceanae (Miers) Engl, affinis, pedicellis gracilibus fructiferis
multo longioribus, segmentis florum epapillosis, forma antherarum,
stylo ovarium superante apice haud obvie incrassato, statim dis-
tinguitur; a 5 . albescente Benth. stylo multo breviore apice haud
penicellato-piloso differt.

Herba saprophytica, caule sulcato simplici ad 18 cm. alto.
Folia caulina lineari-subulata, ad 3 mm. longa. Racemus 2-4-5 cm.
longus; bracteae foliis similes, ad 2-5 mm. longae; pedicelli

228

floriferi graciles, saepe flexuosi, patuli, 3-5 nim. longi, fructifen
adscendentes vel patuli, 7-10 mm. longi. Flores albi, inferiores
emineae; segmenta 4, ovata, inaequalia, circiter i*5 mm. longa,
0*5-1 mm. lata; carpella glabra, o*3-o*4 mm. longa atque diametro,
stylo laterali vel subbasali ovarium paullo superante vix duplo
longiore apice vix incrassato haud penicellato-piloso. Flores
superiores masculae; segmenta 4, ovata, inaequalia, 1—1*2 mm.
longa, 0*5-1 mm. lata, epapillosa; stamina 2, magna, reniformi-
semicircularia, o*6 mm. alta, o*8 mm. lata. Fructns in capitubs
3 mm. diametro aggregati; fractus singulus obovoideo-oblongus,
circiter 1*2 mm. longus, o*6 mm. diametro, epapillosus.

British Guiana. Tinamu Fall, Cuyuni River, March 1931,
Martyn 304. “ Among dead leaves on the forest floor. Flowers
white.”

Apparently the first record of the occurrence in the Colony of this
interesting family.

Marantaceae.

Calathea zingiberina Koern. in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. xxxv. pt. 1,122
(1862); K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenreich, Marantac. no (1902).

Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Nov. 8th, 1929, Sandwith
575. Matope Line, Cuyuni River, Feb. 1931, Forestry Department
record no. 1084.

Distr. Surinam, Brazil (Pard). The first records from British
Guiana.

A herb, 3-5^ ft. high, characteristic of bare forest floor on dry
hills of mixed forest. The inflorescence is produced from the
rhizome and is almost hidden among the dead leaves of the forest
floor, so that it is rarely noticed. The colour of the large flowers is a
beautiful lemon-yellow. It is interesting to note that Spruce writes
of this species, which he discovered by the Rio Axipecurfi, Rio
Trombetas, that it bore “ yellow Crocus-like flowers from the root:
it covered the top of a sandy hill, under the trees, where the cutias
and agoutis had burrowed extensively.” (See Notes of a Botanist
on the Amazon and Andes, i. 97.)

XXIX.—RESEARCHES ON SILENE MARITIMA AND S.
VULGARIS : VIII,* E. M. Marsden-Jones and W. B. Turrill.

Genetics of Anthocyanin Inheritance and of
Other Characters in S. maritima.

In the third paper of this series (KJB. 1929, 171) we refer to the
occurrence, in a wild population of S. maritima, of plants devoid of
anthocyanin in all their parts. Two such plants were collected
opposite Wyke Regis and described as Stock-Plants A.7 and A. 12
in the paper quoted (pp. 147, 150). Another plant, collected near
Porlock, Somerset, was described as A.20 (Lc. 153). The last plant

♦Continued from KJB . 1931, 397.

229

had pink immature seeds, but was otherwise devoid of anthocyanin,
being of a yellow-green colour. The essential characters of these
three plants can be summarized as follows (l.c. 168):—

A.7. L.2.4.6. K.i. C.1.3.5.7.9.12.13. A.i. G.2.4. F.2. Se.i.

A.12. L.1.4.6. K.i. C.1.3.5.7.9.12.13. A.i. G.2.4. F - 2 - Se.i.

A.20. L.2.4.6. K.i. C.2.4.5.8-9.10-11.12.13. A. 1-2. G.2.3. F.2.

Se.i.

These three plants were crossed in pairs mainly with the object of
investigating the genetic behaviour of anthocyanin development and
distribution in the various organs. The results of experiments,
including selfings and crossings carried on to F 2 generations, are
given below.

Selfings of Parent Stock-Plants.

N.15. Stock-plant 7 selfed, 49 plants in generation, uniform for all
characters studied except where stated.

Habit prostrate, stems 2-3-4 dm. long ; TT dth barren stems;
whole plant absolutely devoid of anthocyanin.

Leaves oblanceolate or narrowly oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate
or obovate, glaucous green.

Inflorescence of 1-3 flowers, erect when in bloom, actinomorphic.

Calyx broad in flower.

Corolla of 38 plants with petals and segments contiguous or over¬
lapping, of 11 with petals overlapping and segments not overlapping,
lamina lobed f, scales well developed, no anthocyanin blotch.

A ndroecium with filaments white ; 47 plants with hermaphrodite,
2 with female flowers.

Gynaecetm with stigmata and immature seeds white.

Rife capsules obloid with strongly recurved teeth.

Mature seeds armadillo.

Result. —Stock-Plant 7 on selfing bred true for all characters
except for divergence of petal segments in 11 plants and in the
throwing of 2 females. It would appear that this plant was hetero¬
zygous for overlapping or otherwise of petal segments and segregated
in a 3-45 :1 ratio.

N.20. Stock-plant 12 selfed, 79 plants in generation, uniform for all
characters studied, except where stated.

Habit prostrate, stems 2*3-4 dm. long; with barren stems;
whole plant absolutely devoid of anthocyanin.

Leaves oblanceolate or narrowly oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate
or obovate, glaucous green.

Inflorescence of 1-3 flowers, erect when in bloom, actinomorphic.

Calyx broad in flower.

Corolla with petals and segments contiguous or overlapping,
lamina lobed f, scales well developed, no anthocyanin blotch.

A ndroecium with filaments white ; 65 plants with hermaphrodite,
14 with female flowers.

Gynaeceum with stigmata and immature seeds white.

230

Ripe capsules of 2 plants broadly ovoid, of 65 obloid, of 12 not
scorable, with strongly recurved teeth.

Mature seeds armadillo (5 not scorable).

Result. —Stock-plant 12 on selfing bred true for all characters
studied, except in the throwing of 14 females and 2 plants with
obloid capsules.

N. 18 . Stock-plant 20 selfed, 16 plants in generation, uniform for all
characters studied, except where stated.

Habit prostrate, stems 2*2-3*2 dm. long; with barren stems;
whole plant absolutely devoid of anthocyanin.

Leaves linear to narrowly linear-lanceolate, yellowish green.

Inflorescence of 1-7 flowers.

Calyx of 11 plants broad, of 5 narrow.

Corolla with petals and segments scarcely contiguous, lobed f,
scales not well developed, no anthocyanin blotch.

Androecium with filaments white (?), anthers purple (?); all
hermaphrodite.

Gynaeceum with stigmata white, immature seeds pink.

Ripe capsules obloid.

Mature seeds armadillo.

Result. —Stock-plant 20 on selfing bred true for all characters
studied, except for a fluctuation or segregation (?) in calyx shape.

F x Generations.

N. 21 . Stock-plant 7 (seed parent) x Stock-plant 12 (pollen
parent), 93 plants in generation, uniform for all characters studied.

Habit prostrate, stems 1*7-4 dm. long; with barren stems;
whole plant absolutely devoid of anthocyanin.

Leaves , Inflorescence, and Calyx as in generations of parents selfed.

Corolla as in generation of S.-P. 12 selfed (N. 20).

Androecium with filaments white; all hermaphrodite.

Gynaeceum with stigmata and immature seeds white.

Ripe capsules obloid.

Mature seeds armadillo.

Result. —Phenotypically, for the characters considered, the
separately collected stock-plants 7 and 12 were alike. On selfing
each bred true, except for divergence or overlapping of petal-
segments (S.-P. 7) and capsule shape (S.-P. 12). On crossing
together their offspring produced no anthocyanin in any organ. In
characters of leaves, inflorescence, and calyx they were as the
parents. In all corollas the petals and segments overlapped and it
would appear that this character dominates over divergence, as,
indeed, was expected from the results of selfing S.-P. 7 (see N. 15,
above),

N. 19 . Stock-plant 20 (seed parent) x Stock-plant 12 (pollen
parent), 23 plants in generation, uniform for all characters studied,
except where stated.

231

Habit prostrate, stems 3-3-5 dm. long; with barren stems;
medium amount of anthocyanin in stems and calyces.

Leaves in general oblanceolate-linear.

Inflorescence as in generations of parents selfed.

Calyx of 19 plants broad, of 4 narrow.

Corolla in 19 plants with petals and segments contiguous or over¬
lapping, in 4 scarcely contiguous, no anthocyanin blotch.

Androecium with filaments pink, anthers purple; all with
hermaphrodite flowers.

Gynaeceum with stigmata white, immature seeds pink.

Ripe capsules of x broadly ovoid, of 22 obloid.

Mature seeds armadillo.

Result .—Phenotypically the separately collected stock-plants
20 and 12 were alike in being free from anthocyanin, except in the
immature seeds of S.-P. 20. On selfing S.-P. 20 bred true for
anthocyanin characters and S.-P. 12 also. On crossing together
their offspring produced anthocyanin in stems, calyces, filaments,
and immature seeds, but not in the stigmata.

N. 22 . Stock-plant 20 (seed parent) x Stock-plant 7 (pollen
parent), 2 plants in generation, uniform for all characters studied,
except where stated.

Habit prostrate, stems 3-5-4 dm. long; with barren stems;
medium amount of anthocyanin in stems and calyces.

Leaves, Inflorescence , and Calyx as in N. 15, except plant No. 1
vellow green, plant No. 2 glaucous green.

Corolla in No. 1 petals and segments overlapping, in No. 2 petals
overlapping, segments not overlapping, no anthocyanin blotch.

Androecium with filaments pink, anthers purple; herma¬
phrodite.

Gynaeceum with stigmata white, immature seeds pink.

Ripe capsules obloid.

Mature seeds armadillo.

Result .—The separately collected stock-plants 20 and 7 were
alike phenotypically in being free from anthocyanin except in the
mature seeds of S.-P. 20. On selfing S.-P. 20 bred true and S.-P. 7
also for anthocyanin characters. On crossing together their
offspring produced anthocyanin in stems, calyces, filaments, and
immature seeds, but not in the stigmata.

F a Generations.

N. 57 . Plant 2 of N. 19 selfed (i.e. F a from S.-P. 3.0 x S.-P. 12),
66 plants in generation.

Habit prostrate, stems 1-3-3-3 dm. long; with barren stems;
28 plants with medium amount of anthocyanin in stems and calyces,
38 with no anthocyanin in these organs.

Leaves as in immediate parent.

Calyx of 59 plants broad, of 7 narrow.

232

Corolla of all plants with petals and segments overlapping or
contiguous, none with anthocyanin blotch. Two plants had each one
petal of one flower multilobed.

Androecium with filaments in 24 plants pink, in 37 white;
anthers in 23 purple, in 38 yellow-green; 50 plants with herma¬
phrodite flowers only, n with hermaphrodite and female, 5 with
female flowers only.

Gynaeceum with stigmata of n plants pink, of 55 white;
immature seeds of 36 pink, of 33 white. The combination pink
stigmata and white immature seeds did not occur.

Ripe capsules of 49 broadly ovoid, of 15 obloid.

Mature seeds armadillo.

N. 58 . Plant 23 of N.19 selfed ( i.e ., F 2 of S.-P.20 x S.-P.12), 71
plants in generation.

Habit prostrate, stems 2-4-3-9 dm. long; with barren stems;

29 plants with medium amount of anthocyanin in stems and calyces,
42 with no anthocyanin in these organs. One plant was distinct in
having deep yellow-green stems, foliage, and calyces.

Leaves as in immediate parent.

Calyx of 13 plants broad, of 58 narrow.

Corolla in 39 plants with petals and segments overlapping, in 32
petals overlapping and segments not overlapping, none with antho¬
cyanin blotch ; in all good scale ; in all bilobed.

Androecium with filaments in 10 plants pink, in 33 white;
anthers in 20 plants purple, in 23 yellow-green; 26 plants with
hermaphrodite flowers only, 17 with hermaphrodite and female, 28
with female flowers only.

Gynaeceum with stigmata of 12 plants pink, of 59 white;
immature seeds of 39 pink, of 32 white.

Ripe capsules of 36 broadly ovoid, of 13 obloid.

Mature seeds armadillo.

N. 59 . Plant 1 of N.22 selfed (i.e. F a of S.-P.20 X S.-P.7), 52 plants
in generation.

Habit prostrate, stems 1-4-2-4 dm. long; with barren stems;

30 plants with medium amount of anthocyanin in stems and calyces,
22 with no anthocyanin in these organs.

Leaves as in immediate parent.

Calyx of 45 plants broad, of 6 narrow, of 1 unscorable.

Corolla of all plants with petals and segments overlapping or
contiguous; none with anthocyanin blotch; in all good scale; in
all petals bilobed.

Androecium with filaments in 28 plants pink, in 24 white;
anthers in 29 purple, in 23 yellow-green ; all hermaphrodite.

Gynaeceum with stigmata in 15 plants pink, in 34 white, in 3
unscorable; immature seeds in 40 pink, in 11 white, in 1
unscorable.

Ripe capsules obloid.

Mature seeds armadillo.

333

N. 60 . Plant 2 of N.22 selfed (i.e. F 2 of S.-P.20 x S.-P.7), 56 plants
in generation.

Habit prostrate, stems 2-3*4 dm* long; with barren stems;
42 plants with medium amount of anthocyanin in stems and calyces,
14 with no anthocyanin in these organs.

Leaves as in immediate parent.

Calyx of 48 plants broad, of 8 narrow.

Corolla in 22 plants with petals and segments overlapping, in 34
petals overlapping and segments not overlapping ; in one plant only
anthocyanin blotch in petals ; in all good scale ; in all petals bilobed.

Androecium with filaments in 23 plants pink, in 31 white;
anthers in 42 purple, in 12 yellow-green, in 1 unscorable ; 54 with
hermaphrodite flowers, 1 with female, 1 unscorable.

Gynaeceum with stigmata of 4 plants pink, of 50 white, of 2
unscorable ,* immature seeds of 42 pink, of 13 white, of 1 unscorable.

Ripe capsules obloid.

Mature seeds armadillo.

Discussion and Conclusions.

Habit. All the plants investigated were clearly S. maritima and
there were no divergences from characters already known for the
species. Thus, the plants in all generations were prostrate and had
barren stems like the stock-plant parents, while their flowers were
actinomorphic.

Anthocyanin development. Before considering the results
of scoring the selfings, Fj and F a generations, it should be
stated that, in general, in scoring bred material we simply
contrast presence of anthocyanin with its complete absence.
It is evident, from the results given below and from other
published and unpublished results, that anthocyanin develop¬
ment and distribution in different organs (in S. maritima and
S. vulgaris) depends on a number of genes which can be inherited
independently. On the other hand, we know that there are
environmental factors which interact with the gene complex to
modify the intensity of colour. The hue of colour is, at least most
often, the same (Eupatorium purple) in all organs where it occurs.
Its pure appearance is, however, often masked, as by the green of the
vegetative parts and the yellow-green of the anthers. There is some
evidence that the tint (most often Laelia Pink or Pale Laelia Pink)
is partly controlled by genes, possibly of cumulative behaviour.
The action of environmental factors (such as drought, frost, disease,
and mechanical injury), however, so overlaps that of the modifying
genes that we have not found it practicable to score for colour
intensity. Moreover, colour of detached organs often changes
quickly and age of the organ also afiects tint. The small size,
texture, and pellucid appearance of some of the organs (filaments and
stigmata, for example), and changes in moisture and light also set
limits to the scoring of small differences in tone when very large
numbers of varieties have to be dealt with in the fresh state. The

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curious differences in anthocyanin development and distribution in
sea-coast, inland, and high-mountain populations of the species we
are dealing with in this series will be discussed in later papers. It is,
however, advisable to state that these differences have such high
statistical significance that they cannot be regarded as accidental.
The possible physiological functions of anthocyanin are well sum¬
marized by Onslow: The Anthocyanin Pigments of Plants, ed. 2,
pp. 9, 82-104 (Cambridge, 1925). A comparison of our conclusions
should also be made with those of Emerson for maize (Cornell Univ.
Agric. Expt. Stat. Memoir, 39 : 1921).

The three stock-plants used were devoid of anthocyanin in all
parts with the exception of the pink immature seeds of S.-P.20.
On selling they all bred true for general lack of anthocyanin, except
that all offspring of S.-P.20 selfed had pink immature seeds.

The results obtained in the F x and F a generations can be sum¬
marized as follows:—

N.21 (=S.-P.7xS.-P.i2) gave no anthocyanin in any organ.

N.19 (=S.-P.20 X S.-P.12) gave anthocyanin in stems, calyces,
filaments, anthers, and immature seeds, but not in petals and
stigmata.

N.22 (=S.-P.20XS.-P.7) gave anthocyanin in stems, calyces,
filaments, anthers, and immature seeds, but not in petals and
stigmata.

It will be noted that N.57 and N.58 are sellings of sibs as are also

N.59 and N.60.

FjS from S.-P.20XS.-P.12. 1

1 F s s from S.-P.20 X S.

-P.7.

With

Without

With

Without

anthocyanin

anthocyanin i

mthocyanin

N.57 stems ...

... 28

N.59 steins

... 30

N.58 „ ...

... 29

N.60 „

... 42

N.57 filaments

... 24

N.59 filaments

... 28

N.58

... 10

N.60

... 23

N.57 anthers

... 23

N.59 anthers

... 29

N.58

... 20

N.60

' ... 42

N.57 stigmata

... 11

N.59 stigmata

... 15

N.58

... 12

N.60

... 4

114

N.57 immature seeds 36

N.59 immature seeds 40

N.58 „

N.60 „

. 42

236

In N.57, N.58, and N.59 all plants were without petal blotch*
In N.60 one plant had the petals blotched with anthocyanin.

The following tentative suggestions are offered as possible or
partial explanations of the results obtained:—

Stems. It is obvious that the interaction of a number of
genes is necessary for anthocyanin production and consequently a
number of genotypically different plants may be phenotypically
alike in the absence of anthocyanin. S.-P.20 x S.-P.12 (N.57 ai *d
N.58) gives ratios (from each of two F x sibs) approximating closely to
27 : 37, a modification of a trihybrid ratio. S.-P.20 x S.-P.7 gives
different ratios from each of two Fj sibs, namely 9 : 7 (very nearly)
and 3 :1 (exactly). This strange result prevents the application of
any simple scheme involving only complementary genes. There
can be little doubt that complementary genes are involved and it
seems possible that S.-P.20 contains an inhibiting gene (or inhibiting
genes) whose action is absent in N.60. Whether this is due to
chromosome aberrations, to an unknown action of the gene complex,
or to some other cause we cannot say.

Filaments. The numbers available for filaments and anthers are
less than for other organs by the number of female plants, all except
one of which occurred (in F 2 s) in N.57 and N.58. For anthocyanin
in filaments in N.57 ihe ratio 24: 37 approximates closely to the
27 : 37 ratio and possibly the totals for the F 2 of S.-P.20 X S.-P.12
should be accepted as representing the same ratio. It is probable
that some filaments with traces of anthocyanin were wrongly scored
owing to extreme dilution through reaction to external factors (a
difficulty we have often encountered in scoring the pellucid filaments).
In the FgS from S.-P.20XS.-P.7 the ratio 9 : 7 is nearly attamed in
N.59, but n °f in N.60.

Anthers. The figures obtained approximate in their ratios so
closely to the ratios obtained for anthocyanin in the vegetative parts
that a similar explanation must probably apply.

Although we suggest the same ratios for F 2 s for anthocyanin in
stems, filaments, and anthers, it must be pointed out that all possible
combinations for its presence or absence in these organs have been
scored in the course of our Silene studies. Even if the basic genes
for colour production are the same throughout at least much of the
plant, and there is some evidence for this, their localized action in
any given organ is genetically controlled by other genes, which may
be such as set time limits to the action of one or more inhibitors.
Localization in developing organisms can be equally well expressed
in terms of succession in time as in terms of space, when the sequence
of development is known.

Stigmata. Anthocyanin first appeared in F a plants. The
original stock-plants could therefore be assigned any formulae which
postulated that they bred true to absence of anthocyanin on selfing
and produced some F^ having complementary factors, A and B,
and an inhibitor, I, in the heterozygous condition. As, for example,

237

S.-P.20*=A A b b 11 .

S.-P.i2=a a B B i i .

S.-P.7=a a B B i i.

There would then be expected ratios in the F a s of 9:55, those
obtained being 23: 114 and 19 : 84, which are slightly low on the
coloured side.

Immature seeds. The ratios for N.57 and N.58 approximate to
9:7, those for N.59 and N.60 to 3:1. Immediate parents with
complementary gene composition a b A B and A b A B would give
these ratios on selfing.

Leaves. In all F a generations the leaves were as in the
immediate F x parents. No striking divergencies from the specific
norm occurred in any plants considered in this paper.

Calyx. In all the original parents this was broad. On selfing,
S.-P.7 gave all broad, S.-P.12 gave all broad, and S.-P.20 gave 11
broad and 5 narrow.

F a . N.21 (S.-P.7XS.-P.12) gave all broad.

N.19 (S-P.20xS.-P.12) gave 19 broad and4narrow.

N.22 (S.-P.20XS.-P.7) gave all broad (2 plants only).

F a . N.57 (N.19, Plant 2, with broad calyx, selfed) gave 59 broad
and 7 narrow.

N.58 (N.19, Plant 23, with narrow calyx, selfed) gave 13 broad
and 58 narrow.

N.59 (N.22, Plant I, selfed) gave 45 broad and 6 narrow.

N.60 (N.22, Plant 2, selfed) gave 48 broad and 8 narrow.

There is a considerable range in calyx shape within the species
but our scoring has been into two classes only owing to the practical
impossibility of satisfactory finer classification (see Kew Bull. 1929,
p. 159). In spite of our wide class ranges there can be no doubt
from the above figures that the characters broad and narrow calyx
have a genetic basis and that in general terms broad is dominant over
narrow. S.-P.20 is heterozygous, 7 and 12 are homozygous. N.19,
an F x with S.-P.20 for one of its parents, segregated. N.22, also an
Fj with S.-P.20 for one of its parents, would no doubt have shown
segregation had the generation been large enough. Segregation
occurred in all generations in which S.-P.20 was involved. The
immediate parents of N.57, N.59, N.60 had broad calyces and

the F 2 showed preponderance of broad calyces over narrow in ratios
approximately between 8:1 to 6: x. On the other hand, the
generation of N.58, whose Immediate parent had narrow calyces,
showed a preponderance of narrow calyces over broad in approxi¬
mately a 4; 1 ratio.

Corolla* In S.-P.s 7 and 12 the petals and segments all over¬
lapped, in S.-P.20 they were scarcely contiguous. The following
table summarizes the breeding results;—

238

Petals overlapping,

Petals and segments

overlapping.

not overlapping.

scarcely contiguous.

N.15 (S.-P.7 selfed)

N.20 (S.-P. 12 selfed)

N. 18 (S.-P.20 selfed)

N 21 (S.-P.7 xS.-P.12) ...

N 19 (S.-P.20XS.-P.12) ...

N 22 (S.-P.20xS.-P.7) ...

(Plant 1)

(Plant 2)

N 57 (N. 19 Plant 2 selfed)...

N.58 (N. 19 Plant 23 selfed)

N.59 (N.22 Plant 1 selfed)

N 60 (N.22 Plant 2 selfed;...

It would appear from the above figures for selfing that S.-P.12 is
homozygous for overlapping of petals and segments, S.-P.7 is hetero¬
zygous for overlapping of segments, and S.-P.20 is homozygous for a
peculiar intermediate condition. In N.21 the overlapping of
S.-P.12 completely dominates. In N.19 instead of clear dominance
4 plants out of 23 showed the condition of S.-P.20. In N.22
(involving S.-P.7) one plant had segments overlapping, the other had
them not overlapping. S.-P.20 is involved in all the F a generations
and doubtlessly accounts (with or without S.-P.7) for the segregation.
N.57 was derived from an immediate parent with overlapping petals
and segments and bred true to this character. Its sib generation,
N.58, was derived from an immediate parent with corolla of the
nature of S.-P.20 and threw almost as many plants with petals over¬
lapping and segments not overlapping as of those with overlapping
petals and segments. Again, N.59 was derived from an immediate
parent with petals and segments overlapping and was uniform. Its
sib generation, N.60, on the other hand, was derived from a parent
with not overlapping segments and showed segregation. In spite of
its uniform selfed generation it is obvious that S.-P.20 (perhaps in
addition to S.-P.7) causes segregation in some F a generations. It
appears that definite overlapping of segments is dominant over their
not overlapping. Conclusions regarding the genetics of the over¬
lapping of petals (as distinct from the overlapping of the two laminar
segments of a single petal) cannot be reached in the plants here
considered.

In the stock-plants, selfings, F x and F 2 generations, all plants
had petals bilobed (bisegmented) for £ of their laminar length.

Sex. S.-P.7 and S.-P.12 had only hermaphrodite flowers,
S.-P.20 had both hermaphrodite and female flowers. The following
is a tabulation of the results obtained on breeding:—

239

N.15 (S.-P.7 selfed) .

N.20 (S.-P.12 selfed) .

N.18 (S -P.20 selfed) .

Hermaphrodite
(or hermaphrodite
and female)

Female only.

N.21 (S.-P.7 xS.-P.12) .

N.19 (S.-P.20XS.-P.12) .

N.22 (S.-P.20 x S -P.7) .

N.57 (N.19 Plant 2 selfed)

N.58 (N.19 Plant 23 selfed)

N.59 (N.22 Plant 1 selfed)

N.60 (N.22 Plant 2 selfed)

Phenotypic characters alone give no insight into the genotypic
nature of a plant for sex in Silent. Our general experience enables
us to say that three groups can be determined but only after critical
cultural and genetical investigation of individuals. These groups
are (i) constantly hermaphrodite, (2) fixed (at least in S. vulgaris) or
nearly fixed female, and (3) plants producing at the same or at different
times female and hermaphrodite flowers, the former or the latter
often much the more numerous. Under these conditions, for the
particular crosses considered in this paper, we merely point out that
S.-P.20 showed marked segregation on selfing, that no purely female
plants appeared in F x generations, and that S.-P.20 was a grand¬
mother of all F 2 generations and doubtlessly accounts for what
segregation they show.

Mature seeds. All the original stock plants involved in the
crosses here described, all selfed offspring, and all the plants of the
F x and F 2 generations had armadillo seeds. We have previously
shown {K.B. 1928, 17) that in interspecific hybrids (involving S.
vulgaris and S. maritima) the armadillo testa is recessive to the
tubercled. For 5 . vulgaris we have also stated {KB. 1931, p. 352)
that “ it seems from our work up to the present that' armadillo ’ is a
very clear-cut recessive character.” The breeding results given in
the present paper are quite in agreement with " armadillo ” being
also recessive within the species S. maritima. It should be recalled
that armadillo seeds are much more frequent as a general rule in
populations of S. maritima than in populations of S. vulgaris
{excluding high mountain populations).

Summary.

1. An account is given of the selfing and crossing in pairs of three
plants of Silane maritima. Two of the crosses were carried on to the
F a generations.

2. Anthocyanin production is shown to be due genetically to
the interaction of several genes. It may or may not occur in almost

240

any of the vegetative or floral parts. Tentative explanations are
given.

3. In general terms broad calyx is dominant over narrow.

4. Definite overlapping of petal segments is dominant to their
not overlapping.

5. Figures are given for segregation of plants with female flowers
only.

6. Armadillo testas alone occurred in the plants considered in
this paper.

The research on which this paper is based has been aided by a
Royal Society Government Grant.

XXX.—ON THE IDENTITY OF AGONITUM ACAULE
DIELS. H. K. Airy-Shaw.

The purpose of this note is to clear up a certain amount of con¬
fusion in which two Chinese species of Aconitum, Sect. Napettus
(sens, lot.), closely allied to A. venatorium Diels and A. coriophyUum
Hand-Mzt., have been involved. It will be convenient to review
the question chronologically.

In 1904, Finet and Gagnepain described as Aconitum Napettus
var. acaule a very distinct plant collected by Delavay in 1884, near
Tali, Yunnan. Part of this gathering exists in the Kew Herbarium.
The specimen is in bud, the young buds being protected by con¬
spicuous, large, deep bluish bracts. The leaves are remarkable for
the extremely numerous, long, narrow, linear lobes, into which the
principal segments are divided almost to the base. The indumentum
of the inflorescence is composed of two kinds of hairs: short, dense,
golden-yellow, straight, spreading, mostly glandular hairs, forming
a conspicuous velvety tomentum especially on the younger parts;
and equally dense, but rather shorter and finer, white, often
decurved, eglandular hairs, not easily seen without careful scrutiny.

In 1909, Hector L6veill6 described an Aconitum Dudouxii from
material collected by Jean Py in 1906 near Pin-Tchouan, also in
Yunnan. The type specimen in Herb. Edin. has been examined, by
courtesy of the Regius Keeper, and it is found to agree perfectly
with the plant described by Finet and Gagnepain. This identifica¬
tion has also been noted by Dr. Handel-Mazzetti on the type-sheet of
A. Duclouxii.

In 1912, Dr. L. Diels described several new species of Aconitum
from material collected by Forrest in Yunnan, among which were
A . venatorium Diels and “ A . acaule (Fin. et Gagnep. sub tit. var.)
Diels.” The reason for placing the latter name in quotation marks
will presently appear. A . venatorium was stated by Diels to be near
“A. acaule” It is certainly distinct from any previously described
species. The segments of the leaves are variously divided, some¬
times into few, short, broad, oblong lobes, at other times cut into

241

numerous narrow la cinia e almost as in A. Duclouxii, and the indu¬
mentum of the inflorescence consists of hairs of only one type,
namely the second, white, eglandular type described for it. Duclouxii,
in this case easily visible, though more minute and closely tomen-
tellous.

An examination of the specimens cited by Diels under his “A.
acaule ” shows that they, unfortunately, do not agree with the type
specimen of Finet and Gagnepain’s A. Napellus var. acaule. They
are, in fact, more or less intermediate between that plant and A.
venatorium, the glandular constituent of the indumentum agreeing
with that of the former, the eglandular with that of the latter.
The leaves are generally smaller and less divided than either : in any
case they never approach the remarkable laciniation of var. acaule.

It seems clear, therefore, that Diels, when making the new com¬
bination Aconitum acaule (Fin. et Gagnep.) Diels for the plant of
Finet and Gagnepain and applying it to Forrest’s specimens, had
not seen the original type (as indeed might also be inferred from the
fact that he does not cite it), and that he was basing his identifica¬
tion solely on Finet and Gagnepain’s brief description. This new
combination, however, cannot be used for those authors’ var.
acaule, when raised to specific rank, since Ldveilld had already
independently described the same group as a species under the name
Aconitum Duclouxii. (He probably did this in ignorance of Finet
and Gagnepain’s work.) Nor can the combination be employed
for the plant which Diels actually described, since it was explicitly
based upon A. Napellus var. acaule Fin. et Gagnep. The new name
A. Dielsianum is therefore proposed for the species described by
Diels under the name A. acaule.

A. Inflorescentiae indumentum heterotrichum: pili breves, recti,
patentes, aurei, plerumque glandulosi, tomentum velutinum
sistentes, cum pilis aliis minoribus tenuioribus decurvis albis
eglandulosis intermixtis:

(a) Foliorum segmenta primaria in lacinias lineares longas

angustas numerosissimas profunde composito-pinnatifido-
dissecta; flores purpurascentes.I. Duclouxii

(b) Folia in segmenta primaria 3 fere libera cuneatim divisa;

segmenta lateralia quam segmentum medium rhom-
boideum subduplo maiora, in duas partes subaequales
usque f divisa ; hae partes invicem in duas partes usque
| divisae; omnia apice modice inciso-lobata; flores

caerulescentes ; indumentum brevissime tomentellum.

2. Dielsianum

primaria 3 fere libera divisa, sed basi segmentorum
lateralium latissime cuneata dein reniformi-flabellata,
marginibus lateralibus (ipsa basi excepta) valde imbric-
atis vel sibi incumbentibus; lobuli ultimi lati, breves;
flores viridulo-flavi.3. coriophyttim

24 2

B. Inflorescentiae indumentum homotriclium : pili minuti, decurvo-
adpressi, albi, eglandulosi, tomentellum brevissimum soli
sistentes; folia inter ea A. Duclouxii et ea A. Dielsiani
intermedia ; fiores caeruleo-purpurei.4. venatorium

The four species here dealt with have the following characters in
common : Leaves few, mostly basal, very long-petiolate; inflores¬
cence leafless; pedicels erect, often almost adpressed to the main
stem; carpels 5. A specimen in Herb. Edin. from Upper Burma
(Earrer 1896), the flowers of which are stated by the collector to
be “ typically pale china-blue, to a deeper shade,” and whose
indumentum appears to consist exclusively of the golden-velvety
glandular type, probably represents an undescribed species closely
related to A. Dielsianum.

Among less closely allied species, A. stylosum Stapf (A. euryan-
thum Hand.-Mazz.) may be easily distinguished by its inflorescence
distinctly leafy below, its spreading pedicels, and its very long
styles; A. Sordid Fin. et Gagnep. by its compound racemose
inflorescence, the conspicuously golden-velvety flowers often being
congested into false umbels at the ends of the branches. A. Irans-
sectnm Diels (type, Forrest 2868) is separable by means of its eglan-
dular but yellowish indumentum, and by its 3 carpels. Two other
gatherings, Forrest 10845 and Forrest 11249, with 3-4 carpels,
indumentum very similar to that of A. venatorium, and leafy stem,
are possibly but doubtfully also referable to A. transsectum.

1. Aconitum Duclouxii Liveilld in Fedde, Rep. Spec. Nov. vii.
99 (1909).— A. Napellus var. acaule Finet et Gagnepain in Bull. Soc.
Bot. France, 11 512 (1904); Contr. FI. As. Or. i. 209 (1905). A. acaule
(Fin. et Gagnep.) Diels in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. v. 270
(1912), excl. descr. et specim. cit. A. sp, aff. venatorium Diels,
Auctt. Edin. in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. xiv. 290, 328, 353
(1924).

Yunnan. Chao-Chang, pr&s Pin-Tchouan, Aug. 1906, Jean Py
in Herb. Bonatiano no. 576 (typus in Herb. L6vl.). Les bois de
ch&ies sur la montagne de Ki chan, alt. 2800 m., pr&s de Tali,
10 Sept. 1884, Delavay 1209 (typus A . Napelli var. acaulis Fin. et
Gagnep.; syntypus in Herb. Kew.): “FI. bleues.—La racine
appelde TouLa est tr&s employee comme contre poison.” Margins
of thickets on alpine meadows on the Chien-chuan-Mekong divide,
lat.j26°3o' N., long. 99 0 40' E., alt. 3600-3900 m., Aug. 1922, Forrest
21,985 : “ Plant of 14-24 inches. Flowers immature, said to be
ruddy-purple.” Open rocky slopes and in thickets in side valleys
on the Chien-chuan-Mekong divide, lat. 26°3o' N., long. 99^0' E., alt.
3600 m., Sept. 1922, Forrest 22,327: " Plant of 2^-3 ft. Flowers
deep dull rosy-purple.” On ledges of cliffs and open rocky slopes
amongst scrub on the Chien-chuan-Mekong divide, lat. 26°40' N.,
long. 99°4o' E., alt. 3900 m., Oct. 1922, Forrest 22,601: “ Plant of
2-2^ ft. Flowers dull deep bluish-purple.”

243

2. Aconitum Dielsianum Airy-Shaw, nom. nov.— A. acaule Diels
in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. v. 270, tantum quoad descr. et
specim. cit.; non A. Napellus var. acaule Fin. et Gagnep.

Yunnan. In declivitatibus herbosis montis Ts'ang prope Tali,
alt. 2500 m., 4 Oct. 1914, Schneider 2721: “ Flores intense caerulei."
Open mountain pastureland on the Tali range to the west of Tali-fu,
lat. 25°40 / N., alt. 2700-3000 m., Oct. 1904, Forrest 280. Open
grassy ledges of cliffs on the eastern flank of the Lichiang range,
lat. 27°2o / N., alt. 3150-3450 m., Oct. 1906, Forrest 3089 : “ Plant
of i-2-| ft. Flowers deep dear blue." Dry ledges, and at the base
of cliffs in side valleys on the eastern flank of the Tali range, lat.
25°4o' N., alt. 2400-3000 m., Aug-Oct. 1906, Forrest 4691: “ Plant
of iijf-3 ft. Flowers deep blue." Ledges of cliffs, Tali range,
lat. 25“40' N., alt. 3000-3300 m.. Sept. 1910, Forrest 7193 : “ Plant
of 20-30 inches. Flowers dull blue-purple." Stony open pasture
and on ledges of cliffs, side valleys on the Tali range, lat. 25°4o' N.,
alt. 3000 m., Aug. 1913, Forrest 11,695 : " Plant of 2-3 ft. Flowers
deep clear blue." Margins of forests and on heavy pasture, western
flank of the Tali range, lat. 25°40 / N., alt. 3300 m., Aug. 1917,
Forrest 15,507 : “ Plant of 2-3 ft. Flowers light purplish-blue."—
Huic speciei probabiliter spectat quoque specimen sequens: —
Vall6es de montagnes k Lan-ngi-tsin, alt. 3000 m., Juillet, Maire
421/1913 (Herb. Edin.) : " Aconitum vivace en touffes dress6es;
fl. bleu-violacA”

3. Aconitum coriophyllum Hand.-Mazz. in Akad. Anz. Wiss.
Wien, Math.-Naturw. Kl. 1925, lxii. 220 (1926); reimpr.: PI. Nov.
Sin. Fortsetz. 36, 3 (1926).

Yunnan. In regionis calide temperatae ad austro-orient. pagi
Dschungdien (“ Chungtien") rupestribus supra vie. Loyu ad fl.
Yangdse, lat. 27°i3' N., substrato schistaceo, alt. circiter 2600 m.,
18 Oct. 1916, Handel-Mazzetti 12,994 : <c Flores viridulo-flavi."

4. Aconitum venatorium Diels in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. v.
269 (1912).

This appears to be the most abundant species of the four. The
following numbers collected by George Forrest in Yunnan are
referable to it, field notes and other data being omitted both in order
to save space and also because no confusion as yet attaches to this
species:—

Forrest 826, 883,1101, 9222, 9300, 25,218, 25,316,27,390, 27,440.
The following specimens from the adjacent territory of North-
East Upper Burma also appear to belong to this species :—

Forrest 27,550 ; Farrer 1310 (Hpimaw Pass, opener places and
glades and pathsides in the upper alpine woodland, abundant, alt.
3000-3150 m., 16 Sept. 1919 : “ Flowers of dark musty purple ");
Farrer 1376 (Luksang Bum, occasional, in open places, near the top
of the mountain, alt. 2550 m., 5 Oct. 1919 : “ Flowers bright purple,
but may— Fjarrer]. 1310 ").

244

A form occurs in which the petals lack the typical gibbous
backwardly directed sac or spur : this may be distinguished as—
var. ecalcaratum Airy-Shaw, var. nov. petalis plus minus rectis
haud vel vix uncinato-calcaratis.

Yunnan. Sine loc. spec., Sept. 1917, Forrest 16024 C duplicate
of 1905 ”). Margins of thickets and by streams, N’Maikha-Salwin
divide, lat. 25°5o' N., alt. 2100-2400 m.. Sept. 1919, Forrest 18,478 :
“ Plant of 2-2I ft. Flowers purplish-blue.” Margins of woodland
in side valleys, Shweli-Salwin divide, lat. 25°3o' N., long. 98°58' E. f
alt. 3000 m., Nov. 1924, Forrest 25,358: " Plant of 2^-4 ft. Flowers
deep-blue purple.” On open grassy slopes, hills north of Tengyueh,
lat. 25°3o' N., lat. 98°3o' E., 2400-2700 m., Oct. 1924, Forrest
25,996 : “ Plant of 3-4 ft. Flowers deep purplish-blue.”

North-East Upper Burma. On stony alpine meadows,
western flank of the N’Maikha-Salwin divide, lat. 26°45' N., long.
98°48 # E., alt. 4200 m., Oct. 1925, Forrest 27,444: " Plant of 3 ft.
Flowers dull purplish-blue.”

The writer desires to express once again his gratitude to
Professor W. Wright Smith for the loan of copious material from
the Edinburgh Herbarium.

XXXI.—NEW OR LITTLE KNOWN PLANTS FROM SOUTH
INDIA. I.

Hopea Jacobi C. E. C. Fischer, sp. nov. [Dipterocarpaceae]; H.
jucundae Thw. et maxime var. modestae A. DC. affinis, ab utraque
foliorum nervis secundariis numerosioribus, tertiariis irregularibus,
axillis nervorum eglanduliferis, petalis minute puberulis nec sericeis,
strictura inter ovarium et styiopodium manifesta, distinguenda.

A tree, quite glabrous except the petals. Ultimate twigs slender,
dark-brown, almost black when dry. Leaves chartaceous, ovate,
caudate-acuminate, obtuse or subacute, base rounded, 5*5-8*5 cm.
long, 2*6-4 cm. wide, margins entire, subundulate, midrib, 5-6 pairs
of lateral nerves, the irregular tertiary nerves and. the fine reticula¬
tions slightly prominent below; petioles o-8-i cm. long. Panicles
axillary and terminal, solitary or twin, narrowly racemose, shorter
than the leaves ; rhachis and its branches filiform ; bracts minute.
Flowers secund, up to 7 on a branch; pedicels very short, rather
stout, enlarged upwards. Sepals coriaceous, the inner with thin
margins, subcircular, 1*5 mm. long. Petals oblong, obtuse, 3*25 mm.
long, minutely ciliate and minutely puberulous without. Stamens
15; filaments 0*7 mm. long, the lower half dilated and abruptly
narrowed into a filiform upper half; anthers circular, flat, 0*3 mm.
diam. with a fine, straight arista 2^-3 times as long. Ovary sub-
globose, with a narrower ovoid styiopodium nearly as long, slightly
constricted between the two, together 1*25 mm. long; style very
short. Fruit not seen.

Coorg, K. Cherian Jacob 16903.

245

Embelia adnata Bedd. apnd C. B. Clarke [Myrsinaceae].

Known from a single sheet in the Kew Herbarium, collected by
R. H. Beddome in the Bolampatti Hills near Coimbatore.

High Wavy Mountains, Sept., K. C. Jacob in Madras Herbarium
77056.

Beddome’s specimen is in flower and the fruit was unknown. Its
leaves are rather larger than those of Jacob’s specimen and are
nearly always acute; the High Wavy Mountain specimens have
leaves rounded or slightly emarginate at the apex and are 2*7 -7-5 cm.
long, I-I-3-5 cm. wide. The fruit are globose, 2-2*5 mm. diam ,
gland-dotted, usually with persistent style.

Eriochrysis Rangacharii C. E. C. Fischer, sp. nov. [Gramineae-
Andropogoneae]; E. furfuratae Stapf affinis, sed intemodio
supremo villoso, racemorum pedicellorumque nodis hirsutis, glumis
enerviis, gluma superiore carinata, omnibus spiculis staminiferis
differt.

Tufted perennial herb. Culms erect, 12-30 cm. long, 3-noded,
upper node not or shortly exserted, nodes softly villous with spreading
white hairs ; lower intemodes usually glabrous, sometimes sparsely
short-hairy; uppermost node increasingly white-villous upwards,
densely so just below the panicle. Leaf-sheaths rather tight,
sulcate, glabrous below, increasingly white-villous upwards ; ligules
short, rounded, rigidly chartaceous, shortly dilate; blades very
narrow, rigid, involute below, plicate or more or less flat with
involute margins above, acuminate, those from the innovations up to
21 cm. long and 5 mm. wide, the upper much shorter and narrower,
uppermost sometimes only 3*5 cm. long, softly white-villous on both
faces, secondary nerves several, varying with the width of the leaf.
Panicle narrow, 3-5-6-5 cm. long, rather dense; racemes 3-4,
sessile, up to 3 cm. long; joints at the base 2'5 mm. long.
Sessile sfikelet narrowly lanceolate, 5*5~6‘2 mm. long, sur¬
rounded by rufous hairs up to 2-2 mm. long; lower glume the
shape and length of the spikelet, firmly chartaceous, back flat,
margins involute and clothed with rufous hairs at least in the
upper part, rest glabrous, nerves obsolete or one faint one in
each margin; upper glume nearly as long as the lower, rather
thinner in texture, boat-shaped, distinctly keeled, acuminate,
margins narrowly involute and hairy at least in upper half, keel
bearing a few cilia, rest glabrous ; lower lemma hyaline, oblong or
lanceolate, obtuse or acute, flat, margins very narrowly involute,
softly white-hairy, 4-4-3 mm. long, without palea and empty; upper
lemma thinly hyaline, linear or lanceolate, more or less concave,
subacute, 2-2-3 mm. long, with an apical tuft of hairs its length;
without palea; lodicules 2, minute, obcuneate, or quadrate-
obcuneate, apical margin denticulate, the outer angle produced;
stamens 3, filaments short, anthers linear, 2*7 mm. long, apex
shortly acutely 2-lobed, base deeply 2-lobed, reddish-brown; styles
2, distinct, stigmas long-plumose. Pedicdled sfikelet narrowly

£46

lanceolate, acute, 4-4-5 mm. long, densely surrounded by rufous
hairs up to 2-2 mm. long; lower glume the shape and length of
the spihelet, thinly chartaceous, flat or slightly concave, margins
involute and clothed with rufous hairs, the rest glabrous; nerves
obsolete or a faint one at each margin; upper glume nearly as
long as the lower, thinly chartaceous, boat-shaped, keeled, acute
or acuminate, margins narrowly involute and clothed with rufous
hairs, with a few hairs on the keel and on the sides near the
apex or all over the upper f; lower lemma hyaline, lanceolate
or oblong, acute or obtuse, 3-4-2 mm. long, softly hairy, margins
narrowly involute, without palea and empty; upper lemma thmly
hyaline, lanceolate or ensiform, more or less boat-shaped and keeled,
1-5-2 mm. long, with an apical tuft of white hairs about £ its length,
without palea. Lockcules, stamens and pistil as in the sessile spikelet.
Grain not seen.

Nilgiri Hills, at Pykara, about 6000 ft., June 1900, Sir A. G. and
Lady Bourne without number (Herb. Kew.). Sir Alfred Bourne
informs me that the plants were found and passed on to him by
Rai Bahadur K. Ranga Achariyar.

Isachne setosa C. E. C. Fischer, sp. nov. [Gramineae-Paniceae];
I. Lisboae Hook. f. affinis, glumis caudato-acuminatis, lemmate
superiore quam infenore multo breviore cum palea sua dorso
pubescente differt.

Tufted annual herb. Stem slender, 3-13 cm. high, glabrous,
angular, branched. Leaves cauline; sheaths loose, ribbed, more
or less densely clothed with spreading hairs from tubercular bases,
ciliate ; ligule represented by a row of hairs ; blade ovate to ovate-
lanceolate, acute, base rounded, 1-2-8 cm. long, 0-4-1 cm. wide,
many-ribbed, glabrous to rather densely set with hairs from tuber¬
cular bases, margins narrowly cartilaginous and minutely scabrid.
Panicle up to 5 cm. long, of a few alternate, simple or forked racemes
up to 1*5 cm. long; rhachis and branches trigonous, glabrous.
Spikelets 2-5 to a branch, elliptic, but soon gaping; pedicels short or
long, angled, glabrous. Glumes rigid, ovate, concave, caudate-
acuminate, obtuse, 2-3 mm. long, the lower usually slightly the
longer, 7-nerved, more or less setose from large tubercular bases.
Lemmas dissimilar; the lower thinly membranous, elliptic, boat¬
shaped, subacute, 2-2-2 mm. long, nerves obscure, its palea as long,
with incurved margins, containing 3 stamens, anthers linear, 1*7 mm.
long; the upper lemma very shortly stipitate, crustaceous, broadly
ovate to subcircular, deeply concave, 1-1-4 nun. long, densely
pubescent, its palea flat with broad inflexed flaps, pubescent on the
back, containing the ovary with two free styles (no trace of stamens
seen). Lodicules very minute. Seed plano-convex, filling the
hardened lemma and palea.

Cochin, at Kavalai, 3000-4000 ft., A. Meebold 12,125 (type);
Travancore, at Devicolam; 6000 ft., A. Meebold 13,586. Both
sheets in the Breslau Herbarium.

245

XXXII.—ON THE FLORA OF THE NEARER EAST : XII.*

Dr. Giuseppi’s 1931 Collection from Euboea and other Parts
of Greece. W. B. Turrill.

In the summer of 1931 Dr. P. L. Giuseppi made an extensive
trip through parts of Crete and Greece. His main object was the
collecting of living plants for horticultural purposes, but he
made an interesting collection of dried specimens, which he has
presented to the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
Since our knowledge of plant distribution in Greece is still far from
complete the following list, which includes a few plants from earlier
collections of Dr. Giuseppi, appears worth publishing. The majority
of the plants in this collection come from the Mt. Dirphys (Delphi)
region near the centre of the island of Euboea. Euboea has been
visited by several botanical travellers, including Sibthorp, Unger,
Fraas, Aucher-Eloy, Heldreich, Pichler, and Tuckett. Unger
(Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse einer Reise in Griechenland, 68-90,
Wien, 1862) gives an outline account of the vegetation of the central
part of the island. Dr. Giuseppi has, however, added several
records to those already known and it is evident that Euboea is
worthy of a more detailed botanical survey than has yet been made
of it.

Viola delphinantha Boiss. Thessaly: Mt. Olympus, 1840 m.,
26.6.29, on cliffs in clefts in rocks, flowers scented, No. 56; Mt.
Olympus, below the plain of Bara, on rock cliffs, 1840-1990 m.,

12.7.31, No. 45.

V. heterophylla Bert, subsp. euboea (Hal.) W. Becker. Euboea :
Mt. Dirphys, 2.7.31, No. 22B.

V. saxatilis Schmidt subsp. aetolica W. Becker var. heterosepala
W. Becker. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 1230 m., 2.7.31, No. 23.

Cerastiwn candidissimum Correns. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys,

2.7.31, No. 22A.

Dianthus haematocalyx Boiss. et Heldr. Thessaly: Mt. Olympus,
just below the plain of Bara, on screes, 1990-2150 m., 12.7.31,
No. 46.

D. viscidus Chaub. et Bory. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 610-1550 m.

2.7.31, Nos. 12, 14. The specimens under the second number have
glandular-puberulous calyces, but the calycine scales are definitely
inflated and it has not, therefore, been named var. Gnsebachii Boiss.

Drypis sptnosa L. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 2.7.31, No. 20A.

Gypsophila polygonoides Hal. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, on
mountain cliffs, 610-760 m., 2.7.31, Nos. 7,11.

Lychnis Coronarta (L.) Desv. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, 610 m.,

2.7.31, No. 36. > ^

Hypericum delphicum Boiss. et Heldr. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys,
1550 m., 2.7.31, No. 35.

H. fragile Heldr. et Sart. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, mountain
cliffs, 760 m., 2.7.31, No. 10.

♦Continued from Kew Bull. 1932, 198.

248

H. olympicum L. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 920 m., 2.7.31, No. 34.
Approaching the var. minus Chaub. et Bory.

Geranium brutium Gasp. (G. villosum Ten. ?). Euboea : Mt.
Dirphys, 2.7.31, No. 26A.

G. lucidum L. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, 760 m., 2.7.31, No. 22.

G. macrorrhizum L. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, 1230 m., 2.7.31,
No. 30.

G. subcaulescens L’H6r. Mt. Parnassus, 1840-2150 m„ 7.7.31,
on screes, flowers bright red with no black centre, No. 41.

Acer monspessulanum L. Crete : Nida Plain, 1230 m., 19.6.31,
No. 6.

Anthyllis vulneraria L. var. Spruneri Boiss. Euboea: Mt.
Dirphys, 2.7.31, No. 28A.

Astragalus rumelicus Bunge. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, 2.7.31,
No. 25.

Orobus hirsutus L. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 2.7.31, No. 23A.
Potentilla speciosa Willd. var. discolor Hal. Euboea: Mt.
Dirphys, 2.7.31, No. 15.

Saxifraga scardica Griseb. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, 2.7.31,
No. 21; Ziria Mtns., 2000 m., 6.6.31, only found in one locality and
very few plants alive. No. 1 (var. erythrantha Hal., with purple
petals).

Pyrus (Sorbus) Aria Ehrh. var. cretica Lindl. Euboea: Mt.
Dirphys, 610 m., 2.7.31, No. 17.

Sedum album L. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 610 m., 2.7.31, No. 31
(probably the var. brevifolium Boiss.= 5 . athoum DC.).

S. hispanicum W. et K. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 2.7.31, No. 20B.
Carum meoides Hal. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 920 m., 2.7.31,
No. 26.

Aspenda arcadiensis Sims. Chebnos Mtns., 1700 m., on rocks,

5.6.31, No. 2.

Galium Mollugo L. (sensu Halacsy). Euboea: Mt. Dirphys,
760 m., 2.7.31, No. 27.

Valeriana tuberosa L. Ziria Mtns., 1380-1700 m., 6.6.31, flowers
have a delightful odour. No. 3.

Pterocephalus perennis Coult. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 1380 m.,
on cliffs, 2.7.31, No. 24.

Chamaepeuce mutica DC. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, 610 m„

2.7.31, mountain sides, No. 9.

Crepis incana S. et S. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 1550 m., 2.7.31,
Nos. 26B, 29.

Campanula Aizoon Boiss. et Sprun. Mt. Parnassus, 1380 m.,
cliffs, 7.7.31, No. 40.

C. oreadum Boiss. et Heldr. Thessaly: Mt. Olympus, just below
the summits Mitka and Stephana, 2460-2920 m., and also below the
plain of Bara, cracks in cliffs, 12.7.31, No. 46A.

C. parnassica Boiss. et Sprun. Mt. Parnassus, on screes, 1900 m.,

7.7.31, No. 42.

249

C. rupestris S. et S. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 610 m., mountain
sides, 2.7.31, No. 8.

C. rupicola Boiss. et Sprun. (forma glabrescens). Mt. Parnassus,
cliffs and screes, 1840-2300 m., 7.7.31, No. 43.

C. saxatilis L. Crete : Pervolitza, 610 m., 9.6.31, No. 5.

C. Sibthorpiana Hal. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 610-760 m., on
screes, 2.7.31, No. 18.

Diosphaera dubia Buser. Thessaly : Mt. Olympus, 1080 m.,
cracks m cliffs, 12.7.31, No. 47.

Lycopsts variegata L. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, 1230 m., 2.7.31,
No. 19.

Orobanche nana Noe. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, 1230 m., 2.7.31,
No. 28.

Vitex Agnus-castus L. Lake Copais, 610 m., sides of ditches,
8.7 31, No. 39.

Ajuga genevensis L. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, 920-1230 m.,

2.7.31, No. 21A.

Amaracus pidchra Briq. (Origanum pidchrum Boiss. et Heldr.).
Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 610 m., 2.7.31, No. 38.

Sidentis euboea Heldr. Euboea : Mt. Dirphys, 2.7.31, No. 37.
Stachys germanica L. var. penicillata Boiss. Euboea: Mt.
Dirphys, 760 m., 2.7.31, No. 13.

Loranthus europaeus Jacq. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, 610 m.,

2.7.31, No. 33.

Castanea sativa Mill. Euboea: Mt. Dirphys, 610 m., 2.7 31,
No. 32.

Fritillaria Guicciardii Heldr. et Sart. Ziria Mtns., 1780 m.,
loose stony soil, 6.6.31, No. 4.

Lilium chalcedonicum L. Thessaly: Mt. Olympus, 1550 m.,

9.7.31, No. 44.

XXXIII.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Works on Diatomaceae available on loan.—Mr. Frederick
Adams, who has been well known for many years as an enthusiastic
collector of Diatomaceae, and whose collection now contains some
21,000 slides comprising over 1,000,000 diatoms, fully indexed,
has recently been in communication with Kew as to the best means
of ensuring that his collection will be permanently maintained,
extended and made available for study. Mr. Adams has also built
up a comprehensive set of the principal works on Diatoms, many in
duplicate. With regard to the latter Mr. Adams wrote :—" If your
regulations permit you to lend books to responsible persons, I would
give you at once duplicates I have of the principal works on diatoms.
They are of considerable intrinsic value and would be of the greatest
service to individual workers who cannot afford to buy them, and it
would give me the pleasure of knowing that they are being used/'
As the Kew Library is maintained primarily for workers at that
institution, whose researches would be seriously interrupted by

250

awaiting the return of a book from loan, the regulations do not
permit the borrowing of books, and it is considered undesirable to
make any exception to this rule. It was felt, however, that
Mr. Adams’s generous offer should be accepted if possible, and the
Bentham Trustees, on being approached, readily agreed to become
the custodians of Mr. Adams’s gift on the understanding that,
though the works could not be incorporated in the Kew Library,
they could be deposited there and issued at the discretion of the
Director.

The books in question, of which a list is appended, have now
been received at Kew, and the Director has pleasure in informing
workers on Diatomaceae, who will no doubt greatly appreciate
Mr. Adams’s public spirit, that on application to him the works can
be consulted at Kew or sent on loan to responsible persons on
payment of carriage both ways.

Bailey, J. W. Notice of some new localities of fossil and recent
Infusoria. (Amer. Joum. Sci. xlviii.) New Haven, 1845. 8vo.
25 pp. 1 pi.

Bailey, J. W. Microscopical examination of soundings made by
the U.S. Coast Survey off the Atlantic Coast of the U.S. (Smith¬
sonian Contrib. ii.) Washington, 1851. 4to. 15 pp. 1 pi.

Bailey, J. W. Microscopical observations made in South Carolina,
Georgia and Florida. (With Appendix : Microscopical forms found
near Salem, Mass., by T. Cole, Esq.) (Smithsonian Contrib. ii.)
Washington, 1851. 4to. 48 pp. 3 pi.

Bailey, J. W. Notes on new species and localities of microscopical
organisms. (Smithsonian Contrib. vii.) Washington, 1854. 4to.
16 pp.

Bailey, L. W. Notes on new species of microscopical organisms
from the Para River, South America. (Joum. Boston Soc. Nat.
Hist, vii.) Cambridge, Mass., 1861. 8vo. 23 pp. 2 pis.

Boyer, C. S. New and rare species of Diatomaceae . (Contrib.
Biol. & Misc. Sect. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. no. 1.) Philadelphia, 1922.
8vo. 9 pp. 4 pi.

Brim, J. Diatom^es des Alpes et du Jura et de la rdgion suisse et
franpaise des environs de Geneve. Gen&ve & Paris, 1880. 8vo.
Brim, J. Diatomdes: esp&ces nouvelles marines, fossiles ou
pSagiques. (Mem. Soc. de Phys. et d’Hist. Nat. Gen&ve, xxxi.)
Geneve, 1891. 4to. 48 pp. 12 pi.

Brun, J., & J. Tempore. Diatomees fossiles du Japon. Esp&ces
marines & nouvelles des calcaires argileux de Sendai & de Gedo.
(M&n. Soc. de Phys. et d'Hist. Nat. Gen&ve, xxx.) Gen&ve, 1889.
4to. 75 pp. 8 pi. (3 copies).

Carpenter, W. B. The microscope and its revelations. Ed. 8,
by the Rev. W. H. Dallinger. London, 1901. 8vo.

Castracane, F. Report on the Diatomaceae collected by H. M. S.
Challenger during the years 1873-1876. London, 1886. 4to. (2
copies).

351

Castracane, F. Quale sia l’estensione della vita vegetale nelle
profondita. del mare. (Atti Congr. Naz. Bot. Crittog. Parma.)
[Varese, 1887.] 4to. 7 pp.

Cleve, P. T. Diatomaceer fran Spetsbergen. (Ofvers. K.Vet.-
Akad. Forhandl. 1864, no. 10.) Stockholm, 1364. 8vo. 10 pp. 1 pi.
Cleve, P. T. Svenska och Norska Diatomaceer. (Ofvers. K.
Vet.-Akad. Forhandl. 1868, no. 3.) Stockholm, 1868. 8vo. 28 pp.
1 pi.

Cleve, P. T. Examination of Diatoms found on the surface of the
sea of Java. (Bihang K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 1,
no. 11.) Stockholm, 1873. 8vo. 13 pp. 3 pi.

Cleve, P. T. On Diatoms from the Arctic Sea. (Bihang K.
Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 1, no. 13.) Stockholm, 1873. 8vo.
28 pp. 4 pi.

Cleve, P. T. Diatoms from the West Indian Archipelago. (Bihang
K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 5, no. 8.) Stockholm, 1878.
8vo. 22 pp. 4 pi. (2 copies).

Cleve, P. T. Faxskvattens-Diatomac6er fr&n Gronland och
Argentinska Republiken. (Ofvers. K. Vet.-Akad. Forhandl.
1881, no. 10.) Stockholm, 1881. 8vo. 12 pp. 1 pi.

Cleve, P. T. On some new and little known Diatoms. (K.
Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 18, no. 5.) Stockholm, 1881. 4to.
28 pp. 6 pi. (2 copies).

Cleve, P. T. Diatoms collected during the expedition of the Vega.
(Vega-Exped. VetenskapL Iakttagelser, Bd. iii.) Stockholm, 1883.
8vo. 61 pp. 4 pi. (2 copies).

Cleve, P. T. The Diatoms of Finland. (Acta Soc. Fauna et Flora
Fenn. viii, no. 2.) Helsingfors, 1891. 8vo. 68 pp. 3 pi. 1 map.
Cleve, P. T. Synopsis of the Naviculoid Diatoms. Pts. 1 & 2.
(K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl. Bd. 26, no. 2, & Bd. 27, no. 3.)
Stockholm, 1894-95. 4to. Pt. 1, 194 pp. 5 pi. Pt. 2, 219 pp.
4pJ.

Cleve, P. T. Diatoms from Baffins Bay and Davis Strait collected
by M. E. Nilsson. (Bihang K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl.
Bd. 22, Afd. 3, no. 4.) Stockholm, 1896. 8vo. 22 pp. 2 pi. (2
copies).

Cleve, P. T., & A. Grunow, Beitrage zur Kenntniss der arctischen
Diatomeen. (K. Svenska Vet,-Akad. Handl. Bd. 17, no. 2.)
Stockholm, 1880. 4to. 121 pp. 7 pi.

Comfere, J. Diatom6es de la Montagne Noire. (Bull. Soc. Bot.

France, li.) Paris, 1904. 8vo. 8 pp.

Deby, J. Analysis of the diatomaceous genus Campylodiscus.
London, 1891. 8vo.

Diatomeentafeln zusammengestellt [von Weissflog] fur einige
Freunde. 81 plates. New York [s.a.] 8vo.

Le Diatomiste, par J. Tempore. Vol. 1. Paris, 1890-93. 4to.
Dippel, L. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der in den Soolwassem von
Kreuznach lebenden Diatomeen, &c. Kreuznach, 1870. 8vo.
50 pp. 3 pi.

252

Donkin, A. S. The natural history of British Diatomaceae. Parts
1-3. London, [1870-73.] 8vo.

Du Rietz, G. Einar. The fundamental units of biological taxonomy
(Svensk Bot. Tidskr. Bd. 24.) Uppsala, 1930. 8vo. 86 pp.
Elmore, C. J. The Diatoms (Bacillarioideae) of Nebraska. (Nebraska
Univ. Studies, xxi.) Lincoln, Nebraska, 1921. 8vo. 148 pp. 23 pi.
Fontell, G. W. Susswasserdiatomeen aus Ober-Jamtland in
Schweden. (Arkiv f. Bot. Bd. 14, no. 21.) Stockholm, 1917. 8vo.
68 pp. 2 pi.

Forti, A. Contribuzioni diatomologiche. Diagnoses Diatomac-
earum quarumdam fossilium italicarum, (Atti R. 1 st. Veneto di
Sci., lxxii, pte. 2.) Venezia, 1913. 8vo. 116 pp. 19 pi.

Griffith, J. W., & A. Henfrey. The micrographic dictionary:
a guide to the examination and investigation of the structure and
nature of microscopic objects. Ed. 4. London, 1883. 2 vols.
(text and plates) in one. 8vo. (3 copies).

Grove, E., & G. Sturt. On a fossil marine diatomaceous deposit
from Oamaru, Otago, New Zealand. Pts. 1-3 and appendix.
(Joum. Quekett Micr. Club, ser. 2, ii & iii.) London, 1886-89. 8vo.
50 pp. 11 pi.

Grunow, A. Some critical remarks ... on the Oamaru Diatom
papers of Messrs. Grove and Sturt . . . with annotations by E.
Grove. (Joum. Quekett Micr. Club, ser. 2, iii.) London, 1889. 8vo.
5 PP*

Heribaud Joseph, Fr&re. Les DiatomSes fossiles d’Auvergne.

ier (~3me) m&noire. Clermont-Ferrand & Paris, 1902-08. la. 8vo.
Hustedt, F. Die Bacillariaceen-Vegetation des Sarekgebirges.
(Naturwiss. Untersuch. des Sarekgebirges in Schwed.-Lappland,
geleitet von A. Hamberg. Bd. iii, Lfg. 6.) Stockholm, 1924. 8vo.
102 pp. 6 pi.

Lemmermann, E. Batillaricdes, 1907. (References to literature.
Reprint from Just's Bot. Jahresber. xxxv, 2 Abt.) Leipzig, 1910.
8vo. 24 pp.

Lozano, E. D. Depositos diatomiferos en el Valle de Toxi, Ixtla-
huaca, Estado de Mexico. (An. Inst. Geol. Mexico, no. 9.) Mexico,
1920. 8vo. 19 pp. 5 pi.

Mainland, Miss A. M. Complete index to the articles on, and
references to the Diatomaceae in the Transactions and Journals of
the Royal Microscopical Society, 1853-1915, including subject
index and indices to authors, etc. London, 1928. 8vo, 42 pp.
Mann, A. Diatoms, the jewels of the plant-world. (Smithsonian
Misc. Coll, xlviii.) Washington, 1905. 8vo. 9 pp.

Mann, A. Report on the Diatoms of the Albatross voyages in the
Pacific Ocean, 1888-1904. (Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb, x, pt. 5.)
Washington, 1907. 8vo. 199 pp. 11 pi. (2 copies).

Mann, A. Marine Diatoms of the Philippine Islands. (U.S. Nat.

Mus. Bull. 100.) Washington, 1925. 8vo. 182 pp. 37 pi. (4 copies).
Meister, Fr. Die Kieselalgen der Schweiz. (Beitrage zur
Kryptogamenflora der Schweiz. Bd. iv, Heft 1.) Bern, 1912. 8vo.

253

M6reschkowsky, C. Etudes sur l’endochrome des Diatom£es.
I partie. (M6m. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Pgtersb. 8, xi, no. 6.) St.
Pdtersbourg, 1901. 4to. 40 pp. 7 pi.

Le Micrographie Prdparateur: journal de micrographie g£n£rale
. . . public sous la direction de M. J. Tempore. Vols. v—xiv.
Paris, 1897-1906. 10 vols. (in 5.) 8vo.

Moros, Florentine) Azpeitia. La diatomologia espanola en los
comienzos del siglo xx. (Assoc. Espan. Progr. Ciencia. Zaragoza.
Tom. iv. Secc. 3, parte 2.) Madrid, 1911. 8vo.

Okamura, K. Some littoral Diatoms of Japan, &c. (Rep. Imp.
Fisheries Inst. Tokyo, vii.) Tokyo, 1911. 8vo. 18 pp. (Plates
wanting).

O’Meara, Eugene. Report on the Irish Diatomaceae. Part 1.
(Proc. R. Irish Acad. ser. 2, ii.) Dublin, 1876. 8vo. 191 pp. 8 pi.
(2 copies).

Palmer, T. Chalkley. Stauroneis Terryi D. B. Ward & A new
Diatom [Navicula socialis]. (Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 1910.)
Philadelphia, 1910. 8vo. 8 pp. 2 pi.

Palmer, T. Chalkley. Concerning Navicula socialis. (Proc.

Delaware Co. Inst. Sci. vi, no. 3.) Media, Pa., 1911, 8vo. 6 pp.
Pantocsek, Josef. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der fossilen Bacillarien
Ungams. 1 Theil. Marine Bacillarien. Nagy-Tapolscany, 1886.
8vo.

Payne, F. W. Diatomaceae. Liostephania and its allies. London,
1922. 8vo. 30 pp. 4 pi.

Pelletan, J. Les Diatom6es: histoire naturelle, preparation,
classification & description des principales esp&ces. Paris, 1888.
8vo.

Peragallo, H. Monographic au genre Pleurosigma et des genres
allies. (Le Diatomiste, 1890-91.) Paris. 4to. Text only.
Peragallo, H. & M. Diatomies marines de France et des
districts maritimes voisins. Texte & Atlas. Grez-sur-Loing,
1897-1908. 2 vols. la. 8vo.

Pritchard, Andrew. A history of Infusoria including the
Desmidiaceae and Diatomaceae , British and foreign. Ed. 4.
London, 1861. 8vo. (2 copies).

Rattray, J. A revision of the genus Aulacodiscus Ehrb. (Joum.

R. Micr. Soc. 1888.) London, 1888. 8vo. 46 pp. 3 pi. (2 copies).
Rattray, J. A revision of the genus Coscinodiscus and some allied
genera. (Proc. R. Soc. Edinb. xvi.) Edinburgh, 1889.8vo. 244 pp.
3 P 1 -

Rattray, J. A revision of the genus Actinocyclus Ehrb. (Joum.

Quekett Micr. Club, ser. 2, iv.) London, 1890. 8vo. 76 pp. x pi. .
Ries, H. Microscopic organisms in the clays of New York State.
(Trans. New York Acad. Sci. xiii.) New York, 1894, 8vo. 5 pp.
2 pi.

Schmidt, A. Atlas der Diatomaceen-Kunde. Heft 1-79, Tafel
1-316 (=Serie i-vii) & Vorlaufige Erlauterungen. Leipzig,

254

i 875-*9 i 4- f°L — Serie i-v, Tafel 1-240, are in 3 vols. fol. Re¬
mainder in wrappers.—Also Tafel 1-152, with text (Tafel 1-80
" verbesserter Abdruck,” 1885-87) in portfolio and Tafel 81-96
with text in wrappers.—Verzeichniss der in . . . Serie i-iii
abgebildeten Arten, &c. Leipzig, 1890. la. 8vo.—Verzeichniss
der in . . . Serie i-v abgebildeten . . . Formen, herausg. von
F. Fricke. Leipzig, 1902. la. 8vo. (Typed copy).

Schmidt, A. Alias der Diatomaceen-Kunde. Reproduction, with
about half the linear dimensions of the original, by C. H. Kain,
Camden, N.J., U S.A., 1884. 80 plates, with text. 8vo. Bound
with this is—Die in den Grundproben der Nordseefahrt . . .
Diatomaceen, bearbeitet von A. Schmidt. (II. Jahresber. Komm.
Untersuch. d. deutschen Meere in Kiel.) Berlin, 1874. 8vo.

Smith, W. A synopsis of the British Diatomaceae. London,
1853-56. 2 vols. 8vo. (3 copies).

Taylor, F. B. Diatoms.—-New genera and species. (Trans. Amer.
Micr. Soc. xxxviii.) Menash, Wis., 1919. 8vo. 8 pp. (4 copies).

Taylor, F. B. Notes on Diatoms. An introduction to the study
of the Diatomaceae . Bournemouth, 1929. 8vo.

Tempore, J., & H. Peragallo. Diatom6es du monde entier.
Collection Tempore et Peragallo. Ed. 2. [s.l.] 1907. 8vo.

Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute.
Vol. xxi. 1888. Wellington, 1889. 8vo. Includes: Further notes
on the Desmidieae of New Zealand, with descriptions of new species,
by W. M. Maskell (pp. 3-32); On the fossil marine diatomaceous
deposit near Oamura, by H. A. de Lautour (pp. 293-311).

Truan y Luard, A. Ensayo sobre la sinopsis de las Diatomeas
de Asturias. Parte 2. (An Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. xiv.) Madrid,
1885. 8vo. 16 pp. 4 pi. (2 copies).

Truan y Luard, A., & O. N. Witt. Die Diatomaceen der Poly-
cystinenkreide von J6rimie in Hayti, Westindien. Berlin, 1888.
4to.

Van Heurck, H. Synopsis des Diatomies de Belgique. Texte &
Atlas. Anvers, 1880-81. 2 vols. la. 8vo. (2 copies).—Table alpha-
bitique des noms . . . contenus dans 1’Atlas. Anvers, 1884.
la. 8vo. (2 copies).

Van Heurck, H. A treatise on the Diatomaceae , &c. Translated
by Wynne E. Baxter. London, 1896. la. 8vo.

WiUkomm, M. Die Wunder des Mikroskops, oder die Welt im
kleinsten Raume . . . geschildert von Dr. Moritz WiUkomm.
Bearbeitet von H. Trautzsch und H. Schlesinger. Sechste Auflage.
Leipzig, 1900. 8vo.

Wolle, F. Diatomaceae of North America, illustrated with twenty-
three hundred figures. Bethlehem, Pa., 1890. 8vo.

255

Forest Trees and Timbers of the British Empire.*—This
volume, the first of an important series dealing with the forest trees
and timbers of the British Empire, has certain features which place
it considerably in advance of most of the existing literature on the
subject. First amongst these is the fact that the descriptions of the
timber structure are based on material of which the botanical
identity has been definitely established by a study of herbarium
material obtained from the same source. Moreover, not only are
there very full accounts of the macroscopic and microscopic features
of the timbers, but in addition the common, vernacular, and botanical
names of the trees, together with historical notes, a full botanical
description (in English), notes on distribution, climatic conditions,
vegetation type, regeneration and afforestation, diseases, and
economic uses are given. In the present issue the following thirteen
species of coniferae and Leguminoseae are fully described:
Juniperus procera Hochst., Widdringtonia Whytei Rendle, W.
juniperoides Endl., Podocarpus gracilior Pilger, P. milanjiawus
Rendle, Afzelia quanzensis Welw., Baikiaea plurijuga Harm.,
Copaifera mopane Kirk, C. coleosperma Benth., PiptadeniaBuchananii
Baker, P. africana Hook, f., Pterocarpus angolensis DC., and P.
Stevensonii Burtt Davy. Brief notes are also given on other African
species of some of these genera. The work is well illustrated with
line drawings showing floral and morphological features of diagnostic
value, and plates showing the trunk or whole of each tree in its
natural surroundings, together with photomicrographs of transverse
and tangential longitudinal sections of the mature wood. The
comprehensive nature of the information brought together is one of
the most useful features of the work, and we look forward with great
interest to future numbers in this valuable series. c. R. m.

The Koenig Collection in the Lund Herbarium.—In this
article, K.B. 1932, 72, item 289, second line, the words “var.
pallida Thw.” should be omitted.

*" Forest Trees and Timbers of the British Empire.” Edited by L. Chalk
and J. Burtt Davy. Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford. I. Some East
African Coniferae and Leguminosae, by L. Chalk, M.A., D.Phil., J. Burtt
Davy, M.A., Ph.D., and H. E. Desch, B.Sc., M.A. Oxford, at the Clarendon
Press. 1932, pp. 68, 10 pis. and numerous figs. Price 5 s.

Printed under the authority of His Majesty’s Stationery Ofbice
By The South Essex Recorders, Ltd., High Road, Ilford

(349) Wt. 71/28 925 8/32 S.EJR Ltd. Gp, 9.
256

BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS
INFORMATION No. 6 1932

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

XXXIV.—NEW TREES AND SHRUBS FROM TROPICAL
AFRICA. J. Burtt Davy & A. C. Hoyle.

Increasing interest is being taken in the commercial timbers of
the British Empire. Before we are in a position to record the actual
or even the potential commercial value of the tropical forests of the
British Colonies, and to frame a sound policy for their future
management, it is necessary to ascertain of what these forests are
composed ; in other words we must take a census of the trees, as to
the number of kinds represented, the relative abundance of each,
what qualities they possess, and to what uses they can be put.

There has been a growing realisation by the British Colonial
Governments of the need for taking stock of their timber resources.
In this they have the warm support of the Colonial Office, and active
Forest Services have been built up, comprising men keenly alive to
the needs of the situation. In the last three years there has been a
remarkable increase of activity on the part of Forest Officers in the
collection of botanical specimens from the areas under their control,
resulting in a great increase in the amount of material sent home for
identification.

The number of tree-species known from each colony is increasing
rapidly, and among them numerous species new to science are coming
to light. Chidlowia, a new genus from the Gold Coast, new species
of Bersama and of Ocotea from Kenya Colony, and a new species of
Mouriria from Trinidad, all four discovered by Forest Officers,
were described recently in the pages of the Km Bulletin.

The present paper describes a new genus and thirteen new species
of tropical African woody plants (trees and shrubs) sent by Forest
Officers to the Imperial Forestry Institute for identification. These
include: five species from the Gold Coast, four collected by Mr.
Chidlow Vigne and one by Mr. W. T. S. Brown; two from Nigeria
collected by Mr. J. D. Kennedy; one from the Cameroons collected
by Mr. A. T. Johnstone; one from Northern Rhodesia collected by
Mr. D. Stevenson and others; one from Tanganyika Territory
collected by the late Mr. C. Grey ; and three from Kenya collected
by Mr. C. W. Elliott, Mr. E. Battiscombe, and Mr. H. G. Deakin.

Carpolobia caudata Burtt Davy , sp. nov. [Polygalaceae]; frutex
ramuli tenuibus virgatis, foliis oblanceolatis, C. albae affinis sed
floribus minoribus, foliis angustioribus conspicue caudato-attenuatis,
differt; a C. lutea sepalis inaequalibus recedit.

257

A shrub 6 ft. high; branchlets slender, virgate, slightly flexuose,
green to brownish, puberulous. Petiole about 2 mm. long, puberu¬
lous ; leaf-blade 4-5 to 14-5 cm. long, 17 to 3-8 cm. broad, oblong-
lanceolate to oblanceolate, caudately attenuate; acumen up to
2 cm. long, sharply pointed, mucronate; base cuneate or sometimes
rounded ; upper surface dark green, finely and prominently reticu¬
late ; both surfaces glabrous except on the midrib ; midrib slender,
impressed above, prominent and puberulous beneath; main second¬
ary nerves rather distant, not well differentiated, anastomosing
about 5 mm. from the margin, connected by loops reaching to within
2 mm. of the margin. Inflorescence axillary, racemose, 1*5 cm. long,
2-5-fiowered; axis and pedicels puberulous; bracteoles 1 mm.
long, subulate; pedicels 2 mm. long. Sepals 3 mm. long, lanceolate,
thinly puberulous, densely ciliate. Petals villosely cfliate in the
lower part; median petal galeate, 1 x 1 cm.; upper petals 10 mm.
long, 1*5 mm. broad. Stamens ; filaments united for | their length,
i-2 cm. long. Ovary glabrous, 3-locular, ovules solitary in each
locule. Fruits not seen.

West Tropical Africa. Gold Coast: Kwahu Prasu, Feb.
1929, C. Vigne, Gold Coast Forest Herb. 1619, type in Kew Herb.—
Forming undergrowth in high forest.

Allied to C. alba Don, from which it differs in the smaller (up to
1 cm. long) flowers, the longer, narrower, caudately attenuate
leaves, and the distance from the leaf-margin of the arcuately con¬
nected nerves. It approaches C. lutes Don in the keel of the corolla,
but differs in the very unequal sepals, and in the leaves.

Acioa Johnstonei Hoyle, sp. nov. [Rosaceae], a congeneris
inflorescentia et foliis infra longe setoso-pilosis, bracteolis conspicue
glanduloso-ciliatis, valde distincta.

A small tree . Branchlets terete, dark reddish brown, at first
setose-pilose with spreading hairs. Stipules small, caducous;
petiole 2-3 mm. long, stout, transversely rugose, setose-pilose at
first. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, 5*5-9 cm. long, 1*7-4 cm. broad,
ovate-elliptic to lanceolate ; apex gradually and acutely acuminate;
base rounded or very broadly cuneate; upper surface glaucous,
shining, reticulate, more or less dotted with pitted tubercles ; lower
surface less glaucous, scarcely shining, with long spreading setose
hairs arising from basal tubercles chiefly on nerves and veins, and
on the prominent, reddish midrib. Panicles axillary and terminal,
subcorymbose, 5-8 cm. long, pedunculate or with a flower arising
from the axil of a bract near the base, the branches 1-3-flowered,
cymose, the rhachis, branchlets, pedicels and calyces more or less
densely covered with long spreading setose hairs in addition to a
fine dense pubescence; bracts and bracteoles 3-4 mm. long, ovate,
pubescent, the apex and margin furnished with conspicuous long-
stipitate capitate glands; pedicels 1*0-17 cm * long, with two
bracteoles about the middle, which may bear in their axils r or 2
additional flowers. Calyx-tube 8-9 mm. long, 0*5-1 mm . wide at the

258

Carpolobia caudata Burtt Davy. 1. Flowering Branch, x 2. Leaf,
showing lower surface, x 3. Branchlet with buds. 4. Flower, x 1-J-. 5.
Vertical section of flower, x 1£. 6. Flower-bud, x 1£. 7. Stamen, x 3.

8 . Cross-section of ovary, x 4

259

Ostryoderris Brownii Hoyle, sp. nov. [Papilionaceae]; affinis 0 .
leucobotrya Dunn, sed ovario in sntura superiore pubescente,
ceterum glabro neqne ferrugineo-tomentoso, calyce mox glabrescente,
paniculis latioribus, foliis anguste oblongis apice gradatim acuminatis
nec breviter oblique caudatis, nervis laterahbus pluribus tenuissimis
indistinctis, ramulis novellis vix lenticellatis differt.

A small tree. Branchlets at first pnrplish-ferruginous-tomentose,
soon glabrous, with light grey bark; buds scarcely flattened, ferru¬
ginous-strigose. Leaves imparipinnate, up to 35 cm. long, petiole
and rhachis very sparsely ferruginous-pilose, almost glabrous,
channelled, petiole pulvinate, 3*5-5-5 cm. long; rhachis 12-21 cm.
long, with tufts of hairs at the base of the petiolules ; stipels subulate,
1-2 mm. long, subpersistent; leaflets 6-7-jugate, 5*5-12 cm. long,
1-8-3*7 cm. broad, coriaceous, dark green when fresh, glabrous,
elliptic- to narrowly-oblong or lanceolate, gradually acuminate;
acumen obtuse or emarginate; base cuneate to rounded;
margin subrevolute; upper surface shining, with midrib impressed
and lateral nerves indistinct; lower surface dull, with midrib
prominent, the 10-12 pairs of lateral nerves subprominent, doubly
looped near the margin, with lax reticulation between ; petiolules
2*5-4 mm - l° n g» rugose. Panicles axillary and terminal, pyramidal,
ferruginous-tomentose, the terminal one branched twice, about
20 cm. long and broad, lower branches spreading, the branchlets
bearing numerous flowers on short (1*5 mm. long) ferruginous
pedicels. Calyx purplish-black when dry, turbinate, 4 mm. long and
broad, glabrescent, the 5 very broad and short triangular lobes
densely ciliate, especially at the apex. Petals glabrous; standard
orbicular, 1 *2-1*3 cm. across, base cordate, apex emarginate ; claw
about 3 mm. long; wing-petals free from the keel, 1*3 cm. long
including the claw; keel-petals i* 2 -i *3 cm. long. Stamens
diadelphous, tube and filaments glabrous 1*3 cm. long, vexillary
stamen free to the base; anthers dorsifixed, narrowly elliptic-oblong,
1 mm. long. Ovary bearded on the upper side, 5 mm. long, borne
on a stipe of equal length; style curved, glabrous; stigma truncate,
minutely hairy. Pod not seen.

West Tropical Africa. Gold Coast: Jema, W. T. S. Brown
2163, type, in Kew Herb. Tree 25 ft., in savannah; dark green
foliage ; pinkish flowers. FI. Feb. 1931.

Pterocarpus Stevensonii Burtt Davy, sp. nov. [Papilionaceae] ;
affinis P. Antunesii Harms, sed inflorescentiae rhachide, calyce et
foliolis infra pubescentibus, foliorum rhachidibus adpresso-
pubescentibus, petiolis pedicellisque brevioribus, foliolis majoribus,
differt.

A small, much-branched deciduous tree ; bark of branchlets
faintly ribbed, pruinose, puberalous when young. Leaves 6-10 cm.
long, imparipinnate, 1-3-jugate; rhachis appressed-puberulous;
leaflets opposite, elliptic to ovate-elliptic, rounded to obtuse,
slightly emarginate at apex, with a minute mucro, rounded at base,

262

minutely pubescent above and beneath, 2*5-4 cm. long, 1*5-2
(rarely 2*5) cm. broad, prominently and closely reticulate; lateral
nerves about 12 pairs; petiolule 2 mm. long. Racemes axillary,
about equalling the subtending leaves, 15- to 20- or more- (rarely
fewer-) flowered; rhachis and pedicels appressed-puberulous;
pedicels filiform, 1 cm. long. Calyx appressed-puberulous, 5 mm.
long; lobes shallow, rounded, pubescent within, ciliolate. Corolla
yellow; standard about 1*5 cm. long. Ovary pilose. Fruits
obliquely obovate, winged all round, strongly reticulate, about
3*5 cm. long, 2*5 cm. broad, light grey-brown in colour, minutely
pubescent.

South Tropical Africa. N. Rhodesia : Siburu Teak Forest,
about 70 miles west of Livingstone, on sand-veld, fruiting 26 Feb¬
ruary, 1929, Duncan Stevenson 2; Burtt Davy 20,574. S. Rhodesia :
Victoria Falls ? “ a yellow-flowering tree,” " all over the veld,”
fl. Nov. and Dec. C. E. F. Allen 85, type in Kew Herb. ; Victoria
Falls, near Cascade Falls, Nov. 1906, a “ spreading thorny tree,”
C. E. F. Allen 421 (appears to be this, but the specimen is leafless
and otherwise very incomplete). Portuguese East Africa: Tette
District, opposite Sena, June, 1859, Dr - J- Kirk, in fruit. Gazaland,
Boka, Lower Buzi, 400 ft. elev., on limestone, Dec. 20, 1906,
Swynnerton 1432 (a very incomplete specimen); Madanda Forest,
a medium-sized tree, flowering Sept.-Oct. 1911, Dawe 462 (inflores¬
cence very floriferous and somewhat fasciated).

Vernacular names (Chitonga) : “ mWangura ” teste Stevenson;
(Port E. Africa) “ chiViri ” teste Dawe.

Uses. Wood valued for handles for picks, hoes and axes, and
for wheel-spokes.

Pterocarpus Stevensonii is an abundant species in the Siburu
Forest, in the Upper Zambesi drainage basin, where it is associated
with Baikiaea plurijuga Harms.

Hippocratea Kennedy! Hoyle , sp. nov. [Hippocrateaceae];
affinis H. Chevalieri Hutch, et M. B. Moss, sed bracteolis brevioribus
integerrimis, petalis majoribus spathulatis, foliis ellipticis tenuiter
membranaceis margine haud conspicue serratis, differt,

A glabrous climber with greyish bark; bud-scales persistent at the
base of the current year’s growth; the slender branchlets angular,
striate, grooved between the decurrent bases of the petioles, which
are 5-7 mm. long, slender and deeply channelled above. Stipules
minute, subulate. Leaves opposite, thinly membranous, 9-13 cm.

3 ’ 5~5 cm - broad, broadly oblanceolate to elliptic or obovate,
more or less tapered to the cuneate base, gradually or subabruptly
caudate-acuminate, acumen up to 2*5 cm. long, minutely mucronu-
late; the midrib and the 7-8 pairs of lateral nerves very slender,
sub-prominent on both surfaces, with conspicuous delicate reticula¬
tion between, the main nerves arcuate-ascending ; margin shallowly
and unevenly crenate-serrulate except at base and apex, with
marginal nerve. Cymes axillary and subterminal, pedunculate,

263

corymbose, dichotomous, 2-3 cm. long and 2 cm. wide, reddish all
over, the branchlets short, stout, deeply grooved and verrucose;
peduncles 1-2 cm. long, slender; bracteoles paired and more or less
connate at the base, spreading, deltoid-acuminate, 0-5-1 mm. long;
pedicels rather crowded, slender, about 2 mm. long. Sepals 5,
almost free, 1 mm. long, orbicular, imbricate, shortly fimbriate on
the margin. Petals 5, imbricate, coriaceous, cuneate-spatulate,
rounded at the apex, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. broad. Stamens 5 ; fila¬
ments about 0-75 mm. long, flattened, incurved, arising from the
margin of an annular disc which is adnate to the base of the ovary ;
anthers reniform, 0-5 mm. across, opening by a transverse terminal
slit. Ovary 3-locular, globose, 1 mm. in diameter, surmounted by
3 sessile oblong stigmas 0*5 mm. long; ovules several in each
locule, on axile placentas. Fruit not seen.

West Tropical Africa. S. Nigeria : Sapoba, J. D. Kennedy
858, type in Kew Herb.

Hippocratea Vignei Hoyle , sp. nov. [Hippocrateaceae]; affinis
H. guineensi Hutch, et M. B. Moss, sed petalis intus pilosis, inflores-
centia vix ferruginosa, foliis membranaceis latioribus crebre et
tenuiter reticulatis, acumine longiore, differt.

A climber glabrous except the inflorescence ; branchlets slender,
terete, flattened at the distant nodes. Stipules paired, deltoid
acuminate, 1*5 mm. long, coriaceous, subpersistent, leaving a con¬
spicuous interpetiolar scar on falling; petioles 1-2-1-5 cm. long,
rather slender, channelled above, drying almost black. Leaves
opposite, membranous, translucent olive-green, finely reticulate on
both surfaces, broadly oblong-elliptic to suborbicular, 8-12 cm. long,
4-5-7 cm. broad; apex abruptly and obtusely acuminate, acumen
1-1-5 cxn - l° n g; base cuneate to rounded, but always very shortly
tapering at its junction with the petiole; margin cartilaginous,
finely and regularly crenate-serrate except at the entire base;
upper surface with midrib scarcely impressed and lateral nerves
finely channelled; lower surface with the midrib and slender
lateral nerves prominent, and tertiary nerves parallel; lateral
nerves 7-8 on each side of the midrib, strongly arcuate. Cymes
axillary and subterminal, laxly branched, 6-12 cm. across, the
branches spreading, compound-dichasial, fulvous-tomentellous;
peduncles 2-4 cm. long, glabrous, striate; bracts and bracteoles
lanceolate, 1-2 mm. long, glabrescent. Flowers on tomentellous
3-4 mm. long pedicels, -the flower-buds subglobose, 2*5 mm. in
diameter just before opening, tomentellous outside. Calyx pateri-
form, 5-dentate, open in bud, 2 mm. in diameter. Petals 5, spreading,
3 mm. long, 1-1*5 ram* wide, oblong-elliptic, subacute, coriaceous,
tomentose outside, the upper half pilose inside. Disc large, fleshy,
depressed globose, tomentellous, the margin annular, thick, pubes¬
cent. Stamens 3, arising inside the margin of the disc on very short
flattened filaments 0-5 mm. long; anthers very broadly obovate,
0*5 mm, broad, opening by a transverse terminal slit. Ovary

264

embedded in the centre of the disc, 3-locular with numerous ovules
on axile placentas ; style extremely short; stigma entire or 2-3-fid.

West Tropical Africa. Gold Coast: Kwahu Prahsu, C.
Vigne 1752, type in Kew Herb. " Liane, common, to top of trees;
profuse small cream flowers." FI. June, 1929.

Homalium neurophyllum Hoyle, sp. nov. [Samydaceae]; affinis
H. dohchofthyllo Gilg ex Hutch, et Dalz., sed calycis tubo breviore,
foliis minoribus basim vix cordatis, nervis lateralibus pluribus,
ramulis novellis fulvo-tomentellis, differt.

A tree 20 m. high. Young branchlets, inflorescence, petioles and
nerves beneath more or less fulvous-tomentellous. Stipules large,
falcate-reniform, subpersistent, up to 1*2 cm long and 1 cm. broad,
glandular-serrate, strongly arcuate-nerved, puberulous. Leaves
shortly petiolate, 11-18 cm. long, 5*5-9 cm. broad, oblong-elliptic
to broadly elliptic or slightly obovate; apex obtusely cuspidate-
acuminate; base rounded to truncate or subcordate; margin
cartilaginous, bluntly serrate with a circular gland on the lower
surface of each tooth; upper surface glabrous, reticulate, with
midrib impressed; lower surface with midrib and lateral nerves
very prominent, and tertiary nerves subparallel, with reticulation
between, the midrib and lateral nerves remaining more or less
pubescent; lateral nerves n-14, conspicuously closer together
towards the base of the leaf, spreading obliquely, and strongly
arcuate near the apex. Panicles axillary and terminal, up to about
25 cm. long and 20 cm. broad, laxly branched, the branches slender
and whip-like, subspicate, bearing numerous flowers in fascicles of

2- 4 together in the axils of deciduous bracteoles. Flowers (fruiting
stages) 5-6-merous; pedicels 0*5-1 mm. long, tomentellous, articu¬
lated at the top and often persisting as pegs after the flowers have
fallen. Calyx short for the genus, subrotate even in fruit, tomen¬
tellous, the tube about 0*5 mm. long, the 5-6 narrowly oblong
subacute lobes 1*5-2 mm. long and 075 mm. broad. Petals arising
from between the bases of the calyx-lobes, spatulate, pubescent,
strongly accrescent in fruit, at length 11-13 mm. long, 3-3*5 mm,
broad, Disc of separate fleshy, swollen, puberulous, more or less
semilunar glands opposite the sepals. Stamens equal in number to
the petals and opposite to them; filaments linear, 2 mm. long,
slightly pubescent; anthers subglobose, the rounded cells diverging
slightly below, dorsifixed. Fruiting ovary adnate at the base to the
calyx-tube, the free part conical, 1 mm. long, white-tomentose
outside and inside, i-locular with a (spurious) linear central axis, and

3- 6 strap-shaped arching parietal placentas each bearing several
pendulous seeds at its apex; style 1 mm. long, dividing into 3-6
short linear stigmas, the whole fruit splitting readily on dissection
into as many portions, each bearing a placenta within.

West Tropical Africa. Gold Coast: Offinso, C. Vigne (Gold
Coast Forest Herb. No. 1182), type in Kew Herb.: Aiyem, Upper W.

265

Reserve, C. Vigne 179. " A tree in closed forest 60 ft. high, 4 ft.

girth, very hard wood yellow-white. Alt. 800'/' FI. June, 1928.

Vernacular name : “ Asun-Kruma.”

Tecleopsis Hoyle et Leakey, gen. nov. [Rutaceae]; affinis Todda-
liopsi Engl., a qua fioribus hermaphroditis, ovario 2-, rarissime
3-(4?)-loculari, fructu glanduloso-punctato neque verrucoso, recedit.

Arbores inermes. Folia 3-foliolata, pellucido-punctata. Flores
paniculati, bisexuales. Calyx 4-dentatus. Petala 4. Stamina 8.
Ovarium 2-, rarissime 3~(4 ?)-loculare, alte longitudinaliter sulcatum,
carpellis conjunctis; ovula pendula in loculo solitaria. Fructus 2-,
interdum 1-, rarissime 3-carpellatus, glanduloso-punctatus. Semina
exalbuminosa, pro loculo 1. Embryo rectus, radiculo superiore,
cotyledonibus camosis.

Tecleopsis glandulosa Hoyle et Leakey, sp. nov.

Arbor mediocris, ramulis novellis fortiter striatis fulvo-tomen-
tosis, glabrescentibus, cortice cinereo vel rubescente. Folia opposita,
interdum subopposita, petiolo 1-5-4 cm. longo supra canaliculato
pubescente vel tomentoso, petiolulis 2-8 mm. longis fortiter canal-
iculatis primum tomentosis, foliolis 3 laxe sed distincte glanduloso-
punctatis utrinque reticulatis usque ad 12 cm. longis et 4 cm. latis
oblongo-lanceolatis vel oblanceolatis apice obtuse acuminatis basi
acute cuneatis saepe inaequilateralibus margine obscurissime
crenulatis supra glabris nitidulis sparse glanduloso-punctatis infra
primum (praecipue in costa) pubescentibus tandem glabris sparse et
conspicue glanduloso-punctatis. Paniculae axillares et terminales,
densissime fulvo-tomentosae, usque ad 12 cm. longae et 10 cm. latae,
cymulis in ramis distanter dispositis. Flores pro cymulo 3-10,
pedicellis usque ad 2 mm. longis pubescentibus vel glabris. Calyx
glaber, alabastro apextus, 1 cm. longus, alte et irregulariter 4-dent¬
atus, dentibus obtusis ciliatis. Petala 4, vix imbricata, circiter 2 -5mm.
longa, latissime elliptica, conspicue pellucido-punctata, subaequalia,
interdum 2 connata vel 1 latius. Stamina 8, filamentis linearibus
2-5 mm. longis glabris, antheris versatihbus 0-75 mm. longis, thecis
infra divergentibus. Discus magnus, carnosus, 1-5 mm. longus et
latus, cum ovario densissime pilosus. Ovarium parvum, disci in
parte superiore dispositum, bicarpellatum, loculis rarissime 3
(vel 4?). Stylus vix visus. Ovula pro loculo 1, ab apice pendula,
succinea. Fructus maturus laete ruber, sicco brunneus, glaber,
plerumque 2-, interdum abortu 1-, rarissime tamen 3- locularis,
circiter 1-5 cm. longus et latus, latissime compresso-ellipticus, fibro-
camosulus, inter carpellas sulcatus, extus conspicue glanduloso-
punctatus, pedicello crasso 5 mm. longo. Semina pro loculo 1,
pendula, usque ad 1-2 cm. longa et x cm. lata, ellipsoidea. Embryo
rectus, radiculo superiore, cotyledonibus plano-convexis camosis,
plumula parva.

East Tropical Africa. Kenya Colony: Kikuyu, Kikueru,
H.G. Deakin 323, type in Kew Herb. & Imp. For. Inst. Herb., Oxford.

266

Vernacular name (Kikuyu, Itu): “ Munderendu,” used also for
Teclea viridis Verdoom, and other allied trees.

The above-mentioned specimen (H. G. Deakin 323), comprises
leaves and flowers. J. H. Echelez subsequently sent another
specimen, no. 503, stating that it was a fruiting specimen of no. 323.
The two specimens compare in all points, and the fruit of the type
description is that of Echelez 503. The notes given by Echelez are
as follows :—“ A medium sized forest tree growing in mixed forest of
Juniperus procera, Olea Hochstetteri, Warburgia ugandensis, Caloden-
drum capense, etc., at Kikuyu, 7000 ft., rainfall 40 ins. The fruits
when ripe are covered with a bright red epicarp. The mesocarp is
fleshy, but as the fruit gets older the epicarp turns brown and the
mesocaip becomes dry and somewhat spongy. Collected Nov.
1931.”

Entandrophragma lucens Hoyle, sp. nov. [Meliaceae]; affinis
E. caudato Sprague, a qua foliis glabris, foliolis longioribus sub-
coriaceis, capsula angustiore valvis tenuibus extus purpureo- vel
atrobrunneis, columna centrali purpureo-brunnea alata vel
acutissime angulata, recedit.

A large tree. Leaves up to 40 cm. or more long, paripinnate (?),
6-jugate, glabrous; petiole 9-11 cm. long, like the rhachis and
petiolules striate and glaucous ; rhachis 15-17 cm. long; petiolules
slender, 1-2-3*2 cm - long I leaflets usually alternate, thinly coriaceous,
very densely and minutely pellucid-punctate, 6-5-11 cm. long,
3-o~4-2 cm. broad, ovate- to elliptic-oblong, apex abruptly long-
acuminate, acumen very acute, gland-tipped, 1-3-2-0 cm. long, base
rounded or very broadly cuneate, somewhat unequal-sided, upper
surface dark shining green, laxly reticulate, dotted with minute black
glandular papillae, the striate midrib slightly impressed; lower
surface a lighter dull green, closely reticulate, with midrib prominent;
lateral nerves 10-14 pairs, subprominent above, prominent beneath ;
obliquely ascending and arcuately looped twice or thrice close to the
margin. Flowers not seen. Capsule 5-locular, narrowly oblong,
cylindrical, 12-15 cm. long, 2*5-3 cm. broad, apex acute or shortly
cuspidate, base rounded or obtuse ; valves linear-oblong, 12-15 cm.
long, 1-7-2-0 cm. broad, dehiscing elastically from the base and
shortly cohering at the apex for some time, the margin irregularly
broken; apex acute; base obtusely cuneate or truncate; outer
surface purplish-brown or almost black, rugosely striate, sparsely
and inconspicuously lenticeflate ; inner surface smooth and shining,
yellowish-brown, delicately variegated with brown or dark brown
markings, the impression of the seeds more or less visible ; central
column strictly pentagonal in the lower third, the septa conspicuously
wing-like in the upper two-thirds, the faces between the septa dark
purplish-brown, showing the very distinct oval impressions of the
seeds, the topmost seed arising about 5 mm. from the winged apex
of the column. Seeds 5-6 per loculus, 1 *2-1*8 cm. long, 1-1*5 cm.
broad, with a distal oblong obtuse wing 3*5-7*5 cm. long, 1 *5-1*8 cm.

267

Eniandrophragma lucms Hoyle. Fig. 1, leaf. 2, portion of leaflet showing
venation. 3, fruit showing dehiscence, 4, valve of fruit (inner face) 5,
same (outer face). 6, seed (inner face). 7, same (outer face)—aUxf.

268

broad directed towards the base of the capsule ; seeds convex on the
inner face, concave or plane on the outer, truncate or emarginate at
the attached end, which bears a small elliptic hilum only 4 mm. long,
attached slightly to right and left of the centre of each face of the
central column to a prominent horn at the upper end of each oval
depression, the horn continued upwards through the next depression
in the form of a wing-like ridge ; the seeds often remain attached to
the horns by small elastic masses of microscopic spirally thickened
threads resembling cotton-wool; fruit-stalk short and stout,
5-6 mm. long and broad.

East Tropical Africa. Tanganyika Territory: near Muzi,

hrs. from Kasanga on Kasoti path, collected by the late Mr. C.
Grey , No. 5, type in Kew Herb. Communicated to the Imperial
Forestry Institute by the Forest Products Research Laboratories,
Princes Risborough.

" Straight clean trunk. Alt. above lake about 800 ft. Only
tree in this locality.”

Vernacular name : (Msofwe) 11 mTembo.”

Chrysophyllum edule Hoyle, sp. nov. [Sapotaceae] ; affinis C.
albido G. Don, sed foliis vix acutis, ramulis novellis, floribus, et foliis
infra ferrugineo-tomenteUis, costa et nervis lateralibus infra promi-
nentioribus, corollae lobis densissime ciliatis, recedit.

A tree. Young branchlets angular, strongly ribbed, densely
appressed ferraginous-tomentellous, becoming glabrous and terete
with grey bark; leaf-scars prominent, decurrent. Leaves when
mature 13-25 cm. long, 6-9 cm. broad, coriaceous, oblong- to nar¬
rowly obovate-elliptic; apex obtuse or subacute ; base aureate ;
margin entire, slightly revolute ; upper surface glabrous, dull green,
very closely areolate, with midrib and lateral nerves impressed;
lower surface densely ferruginous-tomentellous, with midrib and
lateral nerves prominent; lateral nerves 13-18 pairs, obliquely
ascending, arcuately looped close to the margin; tertiary nerves
parallel, not prominent; petiole 1*7-3 cm. long, strongly ribbed,
ferruginous-tomentellous. Flowers unisexual (?) in axillary fascicles
forming distinct warts on the current year’s wood; pedicels
1-2*5 mm. long, ferruginous-tomentellous. Calyx 2*5-3 mm. long
and broad, divided almost to the base into 5 ovate obtuse sepals,
densely ferruginous without, pilose within. Corolla-tube puberulous
within the staminodes above or glabrous, 1-1*5 mm. long, the 5 lobes
about the same length, glabrous except for the densely ciliate margins.
Staminodes 0*5 mm. long, lanceolate, acute, sessile, their filaments
entirely adnate to the base of the corolla-tube, opposite the lobes.
Ovary sessile, ovoid, 1-5 mm. long, densely pilose-tomentose,
5-locular; ovules solitary; style columnar 1*5 mm. long, glabrous ;
stigma subtruncate, obscurely 5-lobed. Fruit (immature) ovoid,
fleshy, drying hard, 3-5 cm, long, 3 cm. broad, longitudinally ridged,
densely ferruginous, glabrescent. Seeds 3-5, about 2*2 cm. long,
and i*2 cm. broad, shining nut-brown.

269

West Tropical Africa. S. Nigeria : Sapoba, J. D. Kennedy
1613, type in Kew Herb.

Vernacular name (Benin) : “ Omumu."

This species approaches in general appearance most nearly to
C. albidum G. Don, although it is also closely allied to C. africanum
A. DC. It differs from both in the comparatively obtuse leaves, and
from C. africanum in having a much smaller fruit and narrower, more
coriaceous leaves with fewer nerves. From C. albidum it differs in
having the lobes of the corolla densely, instead of only slightly,
ciliate, and the young branchlets, leaves and flowers much more
definitely and coarsely ferruginous, in which last respect it is nearer
C. africanum.

The native name of the species indicates the sensation experi¬
enced by a Beni native on masticating the fruit, of which he is said
to be extremely fond. The tree is grown in villages for food, and is
distinguished -there from C. albidum.

It is understood that the name Omumu or a similar word is used
by natives for other genera.

Strychnos reticulata Burtt Davy et Honori, sp. nov. [Loganiaceae];
affinis S. usambarensi Gilg, a qua foliis supra distincte et prominente
reticulatis apice vix apiculatis, pedunculis ramulisque cymorum
longioribus et crassioribus, cymis densioribus, floribus majoribus,
recedit.

A small tree, glabrous except the inflorescence. Branchlets
greenish, angular, deeply channelled, becoming terete, with yellowish
or grey bark. Stipules absent or very early caducous. Leaves
opposite, subsessile, broadly ovate to elliptic, or even lanceolate,
2-5 cm. long, up to 3 cm. broad, strongly reticulate on both surfaces,
shining above, apex rounded to subacute or minutely apiculate, base
rounded to subcordate, more rarely cuneate, margin entire, basal
nerves 5, prominent above. Cymes axillary, dense, up to about
2 cm. long, usually 20-30 flowered, more or less pubescent; peduncles
0*5-1 cm. long, bracts lanceolate from a broad base, 2 mm. long,
bracteoles small, ovate, ciliolate, pedicels very short. Sepals 5,
imbricate, orbicular, puberulous and ciliolate, 1 mm. in diameter,
green. Petals 5, almost free, ovate, subacute, 2*5-3 imn * long,
coriaceous, green, glabrous. Anthers half as large as the petals,
sessile. Ovary superior. Disc fleshy, glabrous. Fruit not seen.

East Tropical Africa. Kenya Colony: growing at an altitude
of 5000-6000 ft.. Conservator of Forests, No. 40, type in Kew Herb,
and Imp. For. Inst. Herb., Oxford.

Vernacular name: “ muTete.”

270

XXXV.—RESEARCHES ON SILENE MARITIMA AND S.
VULGARIS: IX.* —E. M. Marsden-Jones and W. B. Turrill.

A Statistical Study of Characters in a Wild Population of
S. vulgaris.

The population of Silene vulgaris, of which two samples, each of
one hundred specimens, are analysed below, occurred around The
Ridgeway, miles almost due north of Compton, Berkshire,
120-146 m. altitude (Ord. Survey, Reading District sheet). The
area consists of chalk downland. The samples were taken from the
grassy sides, six yards wide, of an old farm road running across the
Down. On the west of the road there was an enclosed grazed pasture
and on the east open arable land. The Silene population was a
considerable one and the conspicuous associated species were:
Carduus nutans L., Reseda lutea L., Potentilla Anserina L., Daucus
Carota L., Sinapis arvensis L., Lychnis alba Mill., Trifolium medium
(L.) Huds., Ononis spinosa L., Peucedanum sativum (L.) Benth. et
Hook, fil., Achillea Millefolium L., Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.,
Matricaria inodor a L., Galium verum L., Spiraea Filipendula L.,
Plantago major L., P. lanceolata L., P. media L., Lotus comiculatus
L., Poterium Sanguisorba L., Leontodon autumnalis L., Linaria
vulgaris L., Lithospermum arvense L., Dactylis glomerata L., Lolium
midtiflorum Lam., and Poa trivialis L. var. glabra Doell.

The first sample of 100 specimens in flower was collected, on
1st July, 1931, at random and analysed for the characters with which
we are dealing in this series of papers, except for fruits and seeds.
The scorings for fruit and seed characters were made from a second
random sample taken from another 100 plants of the same population
on 19th August 1931. The results of analysis, including quanti¬
tative and qualitative variates, are given below under the headings
of organs and characters.

Height of flowering stems. The highest stem per plant, including
inflorescence, measured to nearest cm.

Maximum 10 dm. Minimum 4-1 dm. Mean 6*46 dm.
Standard deviation 1-044.

Number of internodes. Counts were made of the number of
intemodes above ground level up to but not including the inflores¬
cence.

Maximum 15. Minimum 6. Mean 9-68.

Standard deviation 1-865.

Length of middle internode. The middle intemode was deter¬
mined arithmetically, with an even number the one immediately
above the middle node being measured.

Maximum 8 cm. Minimum 1-5 cm. Mean 5-05 cm.
Standard deviation 0-8.

Length of longest internode. This was invariably that immedi¬
ately below the inflorescence.

♦Continued fccom K B. 1932, 241.

271

Maximum 24 cm. Minimum 5 cm. Mean 15-83 cm.
Standard deviation 4-2.

Habit. Strict plants 27 : not strict plants 73.

Anthocyanin in vegetative parts. Much 0 : some 96 : none 4.
Indumentum. Dense 3 : medium 14 : few hairs 12 : glabrous 71.
Leaves. For measurements well developed leaves were chosen, not
unduly enlarged ones. In the following summary the figures are
given for the whole population and for the strict and not strict plants
separated.

Maximum.

Minimum.

Mean.

Standard

deviation

Length, whole sample

7 -1 cm

2*8 cm.

5*05 cm.

0-8536

Breadth, whole sample

3-0 cm.

0-7 cm.

1 ■ 445 cm

0-3433

Length, strict plants

6-3 cm.

3-9 cm

5 • 06 cm.

0-6821

Breadth, strict plants

2* 1 cm.

0-7 cm

1 • 27 cm.

0-2951

Length, not strict plants ...

7*1 cm.

2-8 cm.

5 • 04 cm.

0-9190

Breadth, not strict plants ...

3* 0 cm.

0 • 8 cm

1*5 cm.

0-3427

Correlation between length and breadth
for whole population 0-4620.

for strict plants 0.32 (not of statistical significance),
for not strict plants 0*53.

The not strict plants are more variable in length and breadth
than the strict, but length and breadth are more highly correlated
in them. The mean length in the two classes is about the same but
on the average the not strict have broader leaves.

Measurements of leaves on flowering stems. Four plants with
a total of fifteen stems were chosen at random except that they bore
fully developed inflorescences whose flowers were at mid-anthesis.
The length and breadth of all the green foliage leaves were
measured. In the table below the measurements are given in
centimeters, one leaf having been measured from each node.
Usually the leaves at a node are equal in size, or at least show no
great differences in length and breadth. The nodes are numbered
from above downwards, node 1 being that immediately below the
inflorescence node whose branches are subtended by a pair of bracts.

The tables show that in general there is an increase in length and
breadth from above downwards to a maximum for each stem, after
which a slight decrease is usual. Occasionally a relatively smaller
pair of leaves may occur about the middle node and break the
regularity of the sequence. New shoots of S. vulgaris normally
commence growth in early spring. It may be suggested that the
first formed (lowest) leaves largely utilize stored food material and
that it is not till about half the nodes have developed leaves that the
foliage is fully functioning in food manufacture and the soil has
attained a favourable temperature for root absorption. It should be
noted that in flowering stems there are usually several of the lowest
nodes with only brown and shrivelled leaves or their remains.

272

These are not included in the table but it appears that in general
they are smaller than the leaves of the nodes above them. The
maximum of foliage size is reached when the stem concentrates its
use of food in developing the inflorescence, especially the flowers, with
consequent reduction in leaf size and the final production of bracts.

Plant No. 2

of not strict habit.

Stem I.

Stem II.

Node 1. 4*OX 1*2

Node 1.

4*0x 1*2

„ 2. 4*5x 1*3

2 .

4*0xl*l

„ 3. 4*5x 1*3

3*7 Xl*1

„ 4. 4*1x1■2

„ 4.

3*7 X 1 *0

„ 5. 3-2x0-8

„ 5.

3*3 X1*0

„ 6 .

3*2 X0*9

Mean 4-06x1*16

Mean

3*65x1*05

Stem III.

Stem IV.

Stem V.

Node

1 .

2*9x0* 8 Node 1 .

3*7x 1*0

Node 1. 3*8x 1* 1

2 .

4*0x0*9

2 .

4*7x 1*4

„ 2. 4*5x 1 *2

4*0x 1*0

4*7x 1*2

3. 4*7x 1*3

4*0x 1*2

4*7x 1*3

„ 4. 4*5x 1 *0

3*5x 1*0

3*7 X1* 1

„ 5. 3*3x 1*0

6 .

3* 1 x0*6

6 .

4*0x 1* 1

„ 6 . 3*3x0*8

3*5x 1 *0

Mean

3*58x0*92 Mean

4*14x1*16

Mean 4*02x1*07

Plant No

24 , of strict habit.

Stem I.

Stem II.

Stem III.

Node 1.

3*0 X 0*9 Node 1.

3*4x 1*2

Node 1. 3*2x 1*2

2 .

3*3x 1*2

2 .

3*0x 1*0

„ 2. 3*3x 1*2

3*6 x 1*2

3*0x 1*4

„ 3. 3*6X 1*6

3*7 X 1 *6

2 * 0 x 1*0

„ 4. 3-5X 1*3

3*7x 1*3

3-2X0-9

„ 5. 3-7X1-3

6 .

4*0x 1*1

6 .

3-6X1-2

„ 6 . 3*5x 1* 1

4*6x 1*2

3*6x 0*8

„ 7. 3*2x0*7

8 .

3* 1 x0*9 „

8 .

3-2x 0*9

„ 8 . 3*lx0*9

Mean

3*63x1*18 Mean

3*13x1*05

Mean 3*39x1*16

Stem IV.

Stem V.

Node 1. 2*7X 1*0

Node 1. 2*0x0*8

„ 2. 3 0X1*0

, 2 . 2*4X 0*8

,, 3. 3 • 0 X 0 * 8

. 3. 2*6X1*1

„ 4. 2*9X1*2

, 4. 2*6X1*2

„ 5. 2*1X 0*6

, 5. 2*9X1*0

„ 6 . 2*3X 1*0

, 6 . 2*9x 1*0

„ 7. 2-7X0-9

, 7. 2*5X0*9

„ 8 . 3-0X0-9

, 8 . 2*8X 1*0

„ 9. 2-3X0-8

Mean 2*59x0*98

Mean 2*67x0*91

Plant No. 26 , of strict habit.

Stem I.

Node 1. 3*8x 1*6
„ 2. 4*5X 1*7
„ 3. 5*0x 1*8
„ 4. 5*3x 1*8
„ 5. 5-0X1-3
„ 6. 5*7X 1*2
„ 7. 6*2x 1*8
„ 8. 5*3x 1*6
Mean 4*98x1*60

Stem II.

Node 1. 3*0x0*9
2. 4-4X1-5
„ 3. 4*5x 1*5
4. 4*7x 1*4
,, 5. 4*9x 1*6
„ 6. 5*0x 1*7
„ 7. 5*8x 1*7
„ 8. 5*6x 1*3
Mean 4*74x1*45

273

Plant No. 40, of strict habit.

Stem I. Stem II. Stem III.

Node 1.

2*4x0*6

Node 1.

35x1*2

Node 1.

3*0x0*8

„ 2.

3*0x 1*0

„ 2.

45X1*8

„ 2.

3*8x 1*3

„ 3.

3*8X 1*1

„ 3.

4-7x 1*7

„ 3.

4*0x 1*7

„ 4.

3*9x 1*4

„ 4.

53X2*1

„ 4.

4*4x 1*7

„ 5.

3*8x 1*4

„ 5.

4*8x 1*6

„ 5.

4*0x 1*5

„ 6

3-SxM

„ 6.

5>9x2*2

„ 6 .

4*0x 1*2

„ 7.

3*8x0*7

„ 7.

6-0X2-2

Mean

3 ■ 87 x 1 • J

Mean

3-46x1*04

.. 8.

5*7x 1*6

Mean 5 • 05 x 1 • 80.

For all the green foliage leaves at anthesis (4 plants, 15 flowering
stems, 108 leaf-pairs) the following values have been obtained :
Average number of pairs of green leaves per flowering stem : 7*2.
Maximum length : 6-2 cm.

Minimum length : 2*0 cm.

Grand mean length : 3*8 cm.

Maximum breadth r 2*2 cm.

Minimum breadth : o*6 cm.

Grand mean breadth : 1*2 cm.

Number of flowers. In each plant the flowers were counted in
the inflorescence with the largest number.

Maximum 61. Minimum 10. Mean 29*63.

Standard deviation 10.

Calyx. Inflated 42. Subinflated 44. Narrow 14. Much antho-
cyanin 0. Some anthocyanin 100. No anthocyanin 0.

Corolla.

Length of petals. Claw and lamina included.

Maximum 1*9 cm. Minimum I-I cm. Mean 1*497 cm.
Standard deviation *0164.

Breadth of petals. Lamina.

Maximum 9 mm. Minimum 4 mm. Mean 5*95 mm.
Standard deviation 0*12.

Correlation between length and breadth of petals 0*42.
Lobing of petals. | lobing 99. § lobing 1.

Overlapping. Petals overlapping 0. Petals not over¬
lapping 100. Segments overlapping 0. Segments not
overlapping 100.

Anthocyanin . Blotch present 4. Blotch not present 96.
Corona. Boss 86. Small scale 14.

Sex. Hermaphrodite 32. Female 68.

Androecium. In the 32 hermaphrodite plants.

Filaments pink 28, i.e. 87*5% of the hermaphrodite plants.

„ white 4, i.e. 12*5% „ „

Anthers purple 32, i.e. 100% „ „ „

Anthers yellow-green, o, i.e. 0% „ „ „

Gynaeceum. For all plants.

Stigmata pink 73. Stigmata white 27.

Immature seeds pink 10. Immature seeds white 86.
Immature seeds not scorable 4.

274

Fruits. Type I. 38. Type II. 25. Intermediate (I.-II.) 37.
Mature Seeds. Armadillo 2. Weak armadillo 8. Tubercled 78.
Strongly tubercled 12.

Summary and Conclusions.

1. A statistical analysis is given of samples of a population of Silane
vulgaris growing near Compton, Berkshire. The full significance
of this analysis will not be apparent till after the publication of
comparable analyses of coastal (S. maritima) and high mountain
populations.

2. The characters studied may be classified as follows :

A. Involving measurements.

Heights of flowering stems.

Lengths of middle and longest (highest) intemodes.

Lengths and breadths of leaves.

Lengths and breadths of petals.

B. Involving counts.

Numbers of intemodes. -■

Numbers of flowers.

C. Qualitative scoring.

Habit.

Anthocyanin in vegetative parts.

Indumentum.

Calyx shape and anthocyanin.

Lobing, overlapping, and anthocyanin of petals.

Corona.

Sex.

Anthocyanin in filaments, anthers, stigmata, and immature
seeds.

Fruit shape.

Testa markings.

3. Attention is called to the following :

x. The longest intemode is invariably that immediately below the
inflorescence.

ii. The rather high number of strict plants (27%).

iii. The absence of plants with much anthocyanin in their
vegetative parts.

iv. The few plants (3%) with dense indumentum.

v. The leaf measurements, showing means, for well developed
leaves, of 5*05 cm. length and 1-445 cm. breadth, and usually an
increase in length and breadth from above downwards, with a final
slight decrease.

vi. The mean flower number per inflorescence 29*6.

vii. The mean petal length of 1-49 cm. and breadth 5-95 mm.

viii. | petal lobing in only 1%, anthocyanin blotch in only 4%,
small scale in 14%.

ix. The complete absence of overlapping of both petals and
segments.

275

x. The unusually high number of female plants (68%).

xi. The absence of yellow-green anthers.

xii. The number of immature pink seeds (io%).

xiii. The low number of full armadillo seeds (2%).

The research on which this paper is based has been aided by a
Royal Society Government Grant. Our thanks are due to Mr. H.
Montford, B.Sc., for assistance in preparing the statistical summaries.

XXXVI.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF SIAM.*

Additamentum XXXIV.

Urophyllum oblongum Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 84 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Mussaendeae); ab affini U. Griffithiano (Wight)
foliis subtus in nervorum axillis pilosis, stipulis angustioribus, et
pedunculo brevi recedens.

Arbuscula circa 5 m. alta (ex Kerr) ; ramuli iuventute praecipue
nodos versus pilis adpressis sparse instructi, cito glabri, sicco primo
compressi et sulcati, mox teretes, stramineo-virides, pallide virides
vel olivacei, lenticellis parvis nec numerosis nec conspicuis. Folia
opposita, saepissime lanceolato-oblonga, apice obtuse acuminata vel
subcaudato-acuminata, basi saepe parum inaequilateralia, cuneata
vel late cuneata, 13-24 cm. longa, 4-7-8 cm. lata, rigide chartacea,
sicco subviridia, subtus parum pallidiora, supra glabra, subtus ad
costam nervosque laterales pilis paucis instructa, cito glabrescentia,
praetereaque in nervorum axillis plus minusve pilosa, costa supra
impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 9-10 supra
plus minusve conspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervulis subtus
subprominulis, petiolo 1-1-5 cm. longo supra canaliculato suffulta ;
stipulae deciduae, ad 1-5 cm. longae et basi 3 mm. latae, dorso pilis
adpressis tectae, Cymae axillares, condensae, et pedunculo com-
muni brevi et floribus inclusis petiolo dimidio breviores; pedunculus
communis adpresse hirsutus ; pedicelli ad 4 mm. longi, pilis brevibus
albis adpressis instructi. Receptaculum pilis brevibus albis sparse
instructum. Calyx fl. masc. circa 1-5 mm. longus, apice vix denticu-
latus, dorso subglaber. Corollas dorso glabrae tubus 2 mm. longus,
intra apice annulo denso pilorum erectorum instructus, lobi 5,
crassi, subelliptici, apice subacuti, 3 mm. longi, 2 mm. lati, glabri.
Filamenta 0-5 mm. longa, ad corollae tubi apicem inserta ; antherae
apiculatae, 1-5 mm. longae.

Takuapa, Kapong, 100 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 17,131.

Tarenna cinerea Craib , Fl. Siam. Enum. ii. 88 (1932), descr. ampl.
[Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; inter species calycis segmentis latis et
corolla extra baud glabra ob indumentum densum persistentem
foliorum paginae inferioris T. pubescenti Craib tantum affinis a qua
indumento tenuiore adpresso et calycis segmentis conspicue
brevioribus distincta.

* Continued from KJB. 1932, 149.

276

Arbor circa 5 m. alta .(ex Kerr) ; ramuli iuventute compressi,
parce adpresse breviter pubescentes, mox glabri, teretes, cortice
brunneo vel cinereo-bnmneo obtecti, lenticellis haud conspicuis.
Folia oblongo-oblanceolata, elliptico-oblanceolata, vel rarissime
elliptico-obovata, apice acuminata vel subacuminata, basi cuneata,
6-10 cm. longa, 2-5-4 cm - lata, coriaceo-chartacea, supra glabra,
subtus dense adpresse molliter cinereo-pubescentia, costa supra
impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 10-12 supra
subconspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervulis obscuris, margine
recurva, petiolo 5-10 mm. longo suffulta; stipulae subulato-
acuminatae, ad 6 mm. longae, dorso breviter adpresse pubescentes,
diu persistentes. Inflorescentia terminalis, pedunculo communi
circa 1 cm. longo incluso 3 cm. longa, 2 cm. lata, et rhachi et ramulis
dense breviter adpresse cinereo-pubescentibus; bracteae angustatae,
ad 4 mm. longae; pedicelli breves vel deficientes. Receptaculum
1-25 mm. longum, indumento ei inflorescentiae ramulorum simili
tectum. Calycis tubus brevis, lobi oblati, 0*5 mm. longi, paululo
ultra 1 mm. lati, ciliati, recurvi. Corollae tubus 3 mm. longus, extra
glaber, intra supeme dense villosus, lobi 5 mm. longi, 2 mm. lati,
extra apice parce adpresse pubescentes, intra basi villosi. Antherae
4 mm. longae, filamentis brevibus. Stylus glaber, cum stigmatibus
1 cm. longus ; ovula loculo quoque solitaria.

Surat, Nawng Wai, 200 m., evergreen on rocky limestone hill,
Kerr 12,283.

Tarenna cinnamomea Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 88 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Gardenieae] ; T. odoratae (Hook, f.) habitu
subsimilis sed foliis tenuioribus, inflorescentia laxiore indumento
sparsiore instructa recedens.

Frutex circa 2*5 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli subgraciles, glabri,
cortice cinnamomeo obtecti, lenticellis parvis inconspicuis. Folia
oblongo-elliptica, oblongo-lanceolata, vel oblongo-oblanceolata,
apice acuminata, basi cuneata vel attenuato-cuneata, 9-20 cm. longa,
3-7*5 cm. lata, chartacea, sicco viridia vel hie et illic fusca, pagina
utraque glabra, costa supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 10-15 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus
intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervulis paucis subtus conspicuis,
petiolo ad i*8 cm. longo glabro supra canaliculato suffulta; stipulae
vix 5 mm. longae, glabrae, deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, recta
vel subrecta, pedunculo communi ad 3 cm. longo incluso ad 14 cm.
longa, usque ad 12 cm. lata, ramis utrinque saepissime 3, supremis
brevibus, partibus omnibus, corolla inclusa, breviter pallide plus
minusve adpresse pubescens; bracteae lanceolatae, ad 3 mm.
longae; pedicelli ad 1 cm. longi, infra medium bibracteolati.
Receptaculum 1*25 mm. longum. Calycis tubus 1 mm. longus, lobi
deltoidei, tubo paululo breviores, basi 1 mm. lati, ciliati. Corollae
albae (ex Kerr) tubus ante anthesin 6 mm. longus, intra supeme
dense pilosus, lobi 5, circa 8*5 mm. longi et 3 mm. lati, supra basi
pilosi. Antherae apiculatae, 7 mm. longae, filamentis brevibus.

2 77

Stylus supeme brevius pilosus, cum stigmatibus 13 mm. longus,
ovulis loculo quoque solitariis placentis immersis.

Chumpawn, Ta Ngaw, 50 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 11,468.

Tarenna elliptica Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 90 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a T. depauperata Hutchinson calyce
glabro distinguenda.

Arbuscula circa 4-5 m. alta (ex Garrett) ; ramuli glabri, primo
fusci, dein brunnei, mox cinerei, lenticellis inconspicuis. Folia
elliptica, elliptico-obovata, vel obovata, apice brevius acuminata vel
cuspidato-acuminata, basi cuneata vel rotundata, 5-5-12 cm. longa,
3-57 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, sicco viridia, pagina superiore
glabra, inferiore in nervorum axillis subsparse pilosa, aliter glabra,
costa supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque

7- 10 supra conspicuis vel subprominulis subtus prominulis, nervulis
obscuris, petiolo 5-12 mm. longo glabro supra canaliculato suffulta ;
stipulae circa 6 mm. longae. Inflorescentia terminalis, e basi
furcata, ad 3 cm. longa et 4-5 cm. lata, glabra; bracteae ad 2 mm.
longae; flores sessiles vel pedicello ad 2 mm. longo suffulti, pallide
aurantiaci, fere albi (ex Garrett). Receptaculum glabrum, circa 1 mm.
longum. Calycis tubus brevis, segmenta sicco viridia, apice brevius
acuminata vel rotundata, 1 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, pauperius
brevissime ciliolata. Corolla extra glabra, tubo vix 4 mm. longo
intra apice dense piloso, lobis 5 oblongis apice rotundatis 6 mm.
longis 2-5 mm. latis supra infeme pilosis. Antherae 5 mm. longae,
apiculatae, filamentis glabris ad corollae tubi apicem positis circa
1-5 mm. longis suffultae. Stylus apicem versus sparse puberulus vel
subglaber, cum stigmatibus 9 mm. longus ; ovula loculo quoque
solitaria.

Chiengrai, Doi Tam Tu Pu, 530 m., Garrett 276.

Tarenna hirsuta Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 91 (1932), descr. ampl.
[Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a T. pulchra Ridl. corolla extra haud
glabra, a T. sumatrana (Boerl.) cui habitu similis foliorum nervis
lateralibus paucioribus recedit.

Fmtex circa 3 m. altus (ex Kerr ); ramuli primo densius adpresse
albo-hirsuti, glabrescentes, cortice brunneo vel pallide brunneo
obtecti, lenticellis inconspicuis. Folia saepissime elliptica, apice
obtuse acuminata vel subacuminata, basi cuneata vel rotundata,

8- 16 cm. longa, 3-6*3 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, supra
glabra, subtus praesertim ad nervos breviter albo-hirsuta, costa
supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
7-9 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervulis paucis subtus
conspicuis, petiolo ad x cm. longo adpresse hirsuto supra canaliculato
suffulta; stipulae 5 mm. longae, dorso adpresse hirsutae, deciduae.
Inflorescentia terminalis, refiexa vel saepe refracta, pedunculo
communi ad 1*5 cm. longo incluso ad 8 cm. longa, circa 10 cm. lata,
ramis utrinque 3-4, partibus omnibus, alabastris inclusis, breviter
adpresse vel subadpresse albo-hirsuta; bracteae angustae, circa

278

4 mm. longae; pedicelli ad 6 mm. longi, bracteolis duabus altemis
saepissime fere ad medium sed nunquam apice vel sub apicem
instructi; flores albi (ex Kerr). Receptaculum i*5 mm. longum,
apice constrictum. Calycis tubus vix 0*5 mm. longus, lobi 5,
deltoidei, ad 0-75 mm. longi, basi ad 1 mm. lati, ciliati. Corollae
tubus 8 mm. longus, intra supeme piloso-pubescens, lobi 5, circa
6 mm. longi et 275 mm. lati, ciliati, intra infeme pilis paucis sub-
rigidis albis instructi. Antherae apiculatae, 6 mm. longae. Stylus
supeme pubescens, cum stigmatibus 17 cm. longus, ovulis loculo
quoque solitariis in placentis immersis.

Pattani, Kao Kalakiri, 900 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 14,976.

Tarerma hispidula Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 91 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Gardenieae] ; a T. longifolia (G. Don) foliis
subtus ad costam nervosque et aliter iuventute pilis adpressis sat
rigidis instractis haud hirsutis recedens.

Ramuli iuventute birsuti, fusci, compressi, mox glabrescentes,
teretes, pallescentes. Folia oblongo-oblanceolata, apice acute
acuminata, basem versus attenuata, 15-26 cm. longa, 5-7-5 cm. lata,
sicca fuscescentia, supra glabra, subtus ad costam nervosque laterales
pilis adpressis sat rigidis subsparse instructa et aliter iuventute
similiter induta, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 13-15 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis intra
marginem arcuatim iunctis, nervulis subtus conspicuis vel fere
subprominulis, petiolo usque ad i-8 cm. longo suffulta; stipulae ad
8 mm. longae, apice subulato-acuminatae, dorso medio adpresse
hirsutae. Inflorescentia terminalis, pedunculo communi saltern
primo nutante ad 11 cm. longo brunneo-hirsuto suffulta, apice
trifurca, pedunculis partialibus 2-3 cm. longis, apice trifurcis,
pedunculis ultimis brevibus, bracteis primariis 1 cm. longis, pedicellis
brevibus vel ad 3 mm. longis basi parvi-bracteatis. Receptaculum
ad 1 mm. longum, hirsutum. Calycis tubus brevis, segmenta 1 mm,
longa, hirsuta. Corolla extra brunneo-hirsuta, tubo ante anthesin
8 mm. longo, lobis 6 mm. longis. Antherae 5 mm. longae, filamentis
brevibus. Stylus sparse hirsutus.

Langkawi, Burau, Ridley 15,818 (Herb. Kew! et Singapore 1).

Tarenna puberula Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 94 (1932), descr. ampl.
[Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a T. insulare Ridl. foliis subtus ad nervos
puberulis, corollae alabastro extra densius puberulo recedens.

Frutex circa 1-5 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli primo puberuli,
glabrescentes, cortice brunneo-cinereo obtecti. Folia oblongo-
elliptica, oblongo-oblanceolata, vel subelliptica, apice acute
acuminata, basi cuneata vel acuminata, haud rarius inaequilateralia,
7*5-14 cm. longa, 2-5-47 cm - lata, sicco fuscescentia vel viridia,
chartacea, supra glabra, subtus ad nervos puberula et in nervorum
axillis pilosa, costa supra parum impressa subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-8 supra plus minusve conspicuis subtus
pallidis prominentibus, nervulis vix conspicuis, petiolo 3-10 mm.

279

longo supra parum canaliculato suffulta; stipulae 6 mm. longae,
diutius persistentes. Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbiformis,
pedunculo communi ad 7 mm. longo incluso ad 3-5 cm. longa, 4 cm.
lata, partibus omnibus puberala; bracteae ad 4 mm. longae;
pedicelli ad 2-5 mm. longi, lateralibus apice bibracteolatis; ala-
bastra puberula, apice angustata, summo apice stellulata; flores
virides (ex Kerr). Receptaculum puberulum, 1 mm. longum.
Calycis tubus brevis, segmenta 5, lineari-lanceolata, acuta, 3 mm.
longa, basi 075 mm. lata. Corollae tubns 5 mm. longus, lobi 7 mm.
longi, 2 mm. lati, acute attenuati, basi cum tubi apice pilosi.
Antherae 4-5 mm. longae, filamentis brevibus. Stylus basi excepta
pubescens, cum stigmatibus 11 cm. longus, ovulis loculo quoque 3.

Surat, Yanyao, 50 m., light evergreen forest, Kerr 18,242.

Tarenna pubescens Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 94 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a T. cinerea Craib foliorum et
inflorescentiae indumento longiore facile distinguenda.

Arbor parva, circa 5 m. alta (ex Kerr) ; ramuli primo fusci,
compressi, longius puberuli, mox brunnei vel cinereo-brunnei,
glabri, lenticelhs haud conspicuis. Folia saepissime lanceolato-
elliptica vel elliptica, apice acuminata vel subacuminata, basi
cuneata, 7-13 cm. longa, 2-5*3 cm. subcoriacea, sicca supra
subviridia, subtus cinerea, supra glabra, subtus molliter pubescentia,
pilis ad costam nervosque laterales divergentibus, costa supra
saepissime immersa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
10 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervulis vix conspicuis,
petiolo 5-15 mm. longo indumento ei cauli simili tecto supra canalicu¬
lato suffulta; stipulae cuspidato-acuminatae, 8 mm. longae, dorso
longius puberulae, sicco fuscae, deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis,
corymbiformis, pedunculo communi circa 5 mm. longo incluso ad
5 cm. longa, usque ad 6 cm. lata, rhachi et ramulis breviter pubes-
centibus, ramulis utrinque 3 supremis brevibus; bracteae plus
minusve deltoideae; pedicelli breves vel subnulli; flores pallide
virides (ex Kerr). Receptaculum paulo ultra 1 mm. longum, longius
puberulum. Calycis tubus brevis, segmenta oblonga, apice
rotundato-obtusa, 1*25 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, dorso longius
puberula, ciliata. Corolla extra glabra, tubo 2 mm. longo intra
apice dense villoso, lobis 6*5 mm. longis 1*25 mm. latis. Antherae 5 mm.
longae, apiculatae, filamentis brevibus. Stylus apicem versus parce
pubescens, cum stigmatibus 9 mm. longus; ovula loculo quoque
solitaria.

Prachuap, Pak Tawan, 100 m., light evergreen forest, Kerr
20,516.

Tarenna sakae Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 95 (1932), descr. ampl.
[Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; inter species calycis segmentis brevibus
et corolla extra glabra apiceque rotundata ob folia subtus ad
nervorum axillas pilosa et aliter primo pilis distinctis (iis ad nervos
persistentibus) instructa distincta.

280

Frutex circa 2 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli graciles, glabri,
cortice cinnamomeo vel cinereo-cinnamomeo obtecti, lenticellis
obscuris. Folia late oblanceolata vel oblanceolata, apice obtuse
subacuminata, basi longius cuneata, 6-5-13 cm. longa, 2-5-4 c p-
lata, subrigide chartacea, sicco supra fuscescentia, subtus viridia,
supra glabra, subtus ad nervos sparse crispatim puberula, in
nervorum axillis pilosa, et aliter setulis brevibus hie et iUic instructa,
costa supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
circa 10 supra plus minusve conspicuis subtus prominentibus,
nervulis obscuris, petiolo 7-12 mm. longo supra canaliculato suffulta ;
stipulae ad 1 cm. longae. Inflorescentia terminalis, ad 4 cm. longa
et lata, fere ex ima basi ramosa, corolla excepta crispatim puberula;
bracteae parvae, saepissime deciduae; pedicelli subnuhi vel ad
2 mm. longi. Receptaculum 1 mm. longum. Calycis tubus 0-5 mm.
longus, lobi 0-75 mm. longi, 1 mm. lati, apice rotundati, ciliati.
Corollae albae (ex Kerr) tubus 4 mm. longus, extra glaber, intra
apice dense villosus, lobi 5, circa 7 mm. longi et 3 mm. lati, dorso
glabri vel ante anthesin apicem versus pauperrime puberuli, intra
infeme albo-pilosi. Antherae longius apiculatae, 6 mm. longae,
filamentis glabris 1 mm. longis. Stylus parte dimidia superiore
puberulus, cum stigmatibus 13 mm. longus, ovulis loculo quoque
solitariis.

Nakawn Sritamarat, Lan Saka, 100 m., evergreen on limestone
hill, Kerr 15,392.

Tarenna valida Craib, FI Siam. Enum. ii. 96 (1932), descr. ampl.
[Rubiaceae-Gardenieae] ; a T. insidare Ridl. receptaculo ealyeeque
pilis albis adpressis instructis haud minute puberulis, corolla apice
haud stellulata recedit.

Frutex circa 2-5 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli primo fusci, com-
pressi, albo-hirsuti, mox pallescentes, teretes, glabri. Folia oblongo-
elhptica vel elliptica, apice acute acuminata vel subacuminata, basi
cuneata, rarius late cuneata, 9-5-17 cm. longa, 3-5-6 cm. lata, rigide
chartacea, sicco fusca, supra glabra, subtus ad costam nervosque
laterales pilis paucis brevibus plus minusve deciduis instructa, costa
supra conspicua interdum impressa subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 8-10 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus
intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervulis paucis tantum con¬
spicuis, petiolo 3-7 mm. longo glabro fusco supra parum canaliculato
suffulta; stipulae ad 1 cm. longae, fuscae, glabrae, mox deciduae.
Inflorescentia terminalis, pedunculo communi ad 3 cm. longo fusco
albo-hirsuto suffulta vel saepe ob bracteas primarias foliaceas
inflorescentiam sessilem simulans, ad 3-5 cm. longa et 4 cm. lata ;
ramuli utrinque saepissime 2, inferioribus circa 1-5 cm. longis,
superioribus circa 0-5 cm. longis, cum rhachi albo-hirsuti; bracteae
primariae angustae, circa 5 mm. longae vel saepe foliaceae et ad
7-5 cm. longae; pedicelli breves. Receptaculum breviter albo-
hirsutum, vix 2 mm. longum. Calycis tubus brevis, segmenta
lanceolata, acuta, 2 mm. longa, basi 0-75 mm. lata, breviter

281

albo-hirsuta. Corollas tubus extra breviter pubescens, intra superne
pilosus, 4*5 mm. longus, lobi ante anthesin 5 mm. longi, Antherae
5 mm. longae, filamentis brevibus. Stylus basi excepta pubescens,
cum stigmatibus 9 mm. longus, ovulis loculo quoque solitariis.

Ranawng, Kao Pawta Luang Keo, 1300 m., open evergreen on
ridge, Kerr 16,959.

Tarenna viridis Craib, FL Siam. Enum. ii. 97 (1932), descr. ampl.
[Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a T. insidare Ridl. folus sicco viridibus
subtus bispidulis, calyce et receptaculo densius breviter pubes-
centibus distinguenda.

Frutex circa 1*5 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli primo compressi, mox
teretes, cito pallescentes, glabri, lenticellis baud conspicuis. Folia
elliptica, rarius oblonga, apice subacute acuminata vel caudato-
acuminata, basi cuneata, 10-19 cm. longa, 4*5-7-8 cm. lata,
chartacea, sicco subviridia, subtus parum pallidiora, pagina superiore
glabra, inferiore breviter hispidula, costa supra conspicua vel leviter
impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 8 supra
conspicuis subtus subprominentibus saltern supremis intra marginem
arcuatim iunctis, nervulis paucis subtus prominulis, petiolo ad 1 cm.
longo supra canaliculato suffulta; stipulae ad 8 mm. longae, mox
deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, etiam interdum ex axillis
supremis, breviter pedunculata, ad 2*5 cm. longa et 3*5 cm. lata,
pedunculo rhachi et ramulis longius puberulis vel breviter pubes-
centibus ; bracteae lanceolatae, acutae, circa 2 mm. longae, puberu-
lae, ciliatae; flores pallide virides (ex Kerr), terminalibus
sessilibus vel breviter pedicellatis, lateralibus pedicellis ad 3 mm.
longis apice bibracteolatis suffultis ; alabastra breviter pubescentia,
apice breviter stellulata. Receptaculum longius puberulum, vix
1*5 mm. longum. Calycis tubus brevis, segmenta 5, lanceolata,
acuta, 3*75 mm. longa, 1 mm. lata, dorso puberula, intra sericea,
ciliata. Corollae tubus 3 mm. longus, lobi acuminati, circa 6 mm.
longi et 2 mm. lati, infeme cinnamomeo-pilosi. Antherae 4*25 mm.
longae, acuminatae, filamentis brevibus. Stylus basi excepta
pubescens, cum stigmatibus 7 mm. longus; ovula loculo quoque 3.

Ranawng, Kapdr, 10 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 16,839.

Randia celastroidea Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 99 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a R. Griffithii Hook. f. petiolo
glabro, receptaculo baud glabro inter alia recedens.

Arbor 4-5 m. alta—an scandens ?—(ex Kerr) ; ramuli glabri,
primo sicco atri, mox substraminei vel grisei, spinis paucis rectis
4-6 mm. longis armati. Folia oblongo-obovata, rarius oblongo-
oblanceolata vel obovata, apice breviter acute acuminata, basi
cuneata, 4*5-10 cm. longa, 2*2-4*5 cm. lata, chartacea, sicco fusces-
centia, subtus parum pallidiora, pagina utraque, nisi inferiore in
nervorum axillis breviter pilosa, glabra, costa supra impressa subtus
prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 8 supra impressis subtus
prominulis, nervulis paucis subtus prominulis, petiolo 6-12 mm. longo

282

glabro supra canaliculate suffulta; stipulae subulato-acuminatae,
5 mm. longae, dorso supeme adpresse hirsutae, deciduae. Cymae
paniculam terminalem foliis multo breviorem 2-3 cm. diametro
partibus omnibus adpresse hirsutis formantes; pedicelli breves.
Receptacidum 1*5 mm. longum, adpresse hirsutum. Calycis tubus
1-5 mm. longus, extra adpresse hirsutus, intra glaber, lobi 5, circa
1 mm. longi, extra medio infeme adpresse hirsuti, ciliati. Corolla
alba (ex Kerr) ; tubus 7-5 mm. longus, extra glaber, intra supeme
fere e medio pilosus ; lobi 5, oblongi, saepe emarginati, 5 mm. longi,
i*5 mm. lati, glabri. Stamina ad corollae tubi apicem posita,
filamentis vix 1 mm. longis, antheris mucronatis 3 mm. longis.
Stylus cum stigmatibus circa 1*5 cm. longus, glaber; ovarium
biloculare, ovulis loculo quoque circa 6 in placentam immersis.

Nakawn Sawan, Klawng Rung, 300 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 6051.

Randia crassispina Geddes apud Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 100
(1932), descr. ampl. [Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a R. fasciculata DC.
foliis floribusque maioribus, calycis lobis haud subulato-acuminatis
recedens.

Frutex ad 3 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli spinis crassis rectis ad
1-3 cm. longis armati, pubescentes, primo quadrangulares. Folia
ovato-lanceolata, apice acuminata, subacuta, basi rotundata,
2*8-9 cm. longa, 1*5-4 cm - lata, chartacea, sicco viridia, subtus
pallidiora, supra glabra, subtus ad costam nervosque laterales parce
hirsuta et in nervorum axillis pilosa, nervis lateralibus utrinque
6-7 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus, petiolo 3-6 mm. longo
pubescente suffulta; stipulae cuspidatae, 4 mm. longae. Inflores-
centia terminalis, compacta, brevis, breviter pedunculata, partibus
omnibus hirsuta; bracteae bracteolaeque lanceolatae; flores
sessiles. Receptaculum vix 3 mm. longum, hirsutum. Calycis tubus
receptaculo subaequilongus, extra hirsutus, lobi 5, circa 1 mm.
longi, extra hirsuti, intra glabri. Corolla alba (ex Kerr) ; tubus
1*3 cm. longus, glaber; lobi 5, oblongi, obtusi, 7 mm. longi,
3*75 mm. lati, glabri. Stamina 5, ad corollae tubi os affixa, antheris
mucronatis 475 mm. longis. Stylus glaber, 8 mm. longus;
stigmata duo, vix 4 mm. longa; ovarium biloculare, ovulis loculo
quoque paucis.

Nawngkai, Chaiyaburi, 200 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 8537.

Randia elliptica Geddes apud Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 100 (1932),
descr. ampl. [Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a R. malabarica Lamk.
floribus multo maioribus differt.

Frutex circa 3 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli spinis axillaribus rectis
ad 7 mm. longis armati, pubescentes, griseo-brunnei vel grisei.
Folia saepissime elliptica, apice et basi rotundata vel saepe apice
emarginata, 2-4 cm. longa, 1-2 cm. lata, chartacea, sicco supra
fusca, supra subsetuloso-puberula, subtus glabra, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 3-5 subconspicuis, margine parum revoluta, petiolo 1-3 mm.
longo pubescente suffulta ; stipulae 2 mm. longae, deciduae. Cymae

283

pauciflorae, foliis conspicue minores, pedicellis brevibus bracteo-
latis. Receptaculum 2 mm. longum, hirsutum. Calycis tubus 3 mm.
longus, extra hirsutus, intra glaber, lobi 5, oblongi, acuminati,
1*5 mm. longi et lati, dorso medio carinati. Corolla alba (ex Kerr) ;
tubus 5 mm. longus, extra glaber, intra supeme densius hirsutus;
lobi 5, suboblongi, 8 mm. longi, 3*5 mm. lati. Stamina 5, ad corollae
tubi os posita; filamenta circa 1 mm. longa ; antherae exsertae,
mucronatae, 5 mm. longae. Ovanum biloculare, ovulis loculo
quoque permultis ; stigmata exserta.

Nakawn Panom, Tat Panom, 200 m., evergreen scrub by creek,
Kerr 8422.

Randia fusca Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 102 (1932), descr. ampl.
[Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a R. murina Craib foliis sicco fuscis
tenuioribus haud hirsutis vel tomentosis recedit.

Arbor circa 8 m. alta (ex Kerr) ; ramuli iuveniles sicci fusci,
breviter adpresse subsparse pubescentes, annotini glabri, cortice
cinereo vel brunneo-cinereo obtecti, lenticellis longitudinaliter
extensis conspicuis. Folia opposita, paribus inter se inaequalibus
vel subinaequalibus, elliptica vel elliptico-ovata, apice acute
acuminata, basi saepe parum inaequilateralia, cuneata vel cuneato-
rotundata, sub anthesin ad 7 cm. longa et 3-8 cm. lata, sicca fusca,
subtus parum pallidiora, sat rigida, supra pilis brevibus ad costam
densius, ad nervos laterales sparse, aliter hie et illic iuventute
instructa, subtus pilis paululo longioribus similiter instructa et in
nervorum axillis pilosa, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 12 supra conspicuis subtus sub-
prominentibus, nervis transversis pagina utraque plus minusve
conspicuis, nervulis rete gracile efficientibus, petiolo ad 1 cm. longo
sicco fusco pilis paucis adpressis instructo supra late canaliculato
suffulta; stipulae connatae, e basi lata subulato-acuminatae, ad
4 mm. longae, dorso subglabrae, ciliolatae, deciduae. Corymbi
pedunculo communi brevi incluso circa 3 cm. longi, ad 3 cm. lati,
pedunculo cum ramulis breviter adpresse albo-pubescente;
bracteae parvae; Sores albi (ex Kerr), pedicellis brevibus vel sub-
nullis suffulti. Receptaculum 2-5 mm. longum, fuscum, subglabrum.
Calycis tubus 1*5 mm. longus, lobi 5, deltoideo-lanceolati, 1-1-5 mm.
longi, ciliati. Corollae alabastra acuta, apice mox parum stellulata,
tubus 6-5 mm. longus, extra albo-subtomentosus, intra supeme
pilosus, lobi 5, circa 5 mm. longi et 3 mm. lati, glabri. Antherae e
corollae tubo parum exsertae, apiculatae, 5 mm. longae, medifixae,
filamentis brevibus. Stylus cum stigmatibus 8 mm. longus, sub-
glaber, sulcatus; ovarium 2-loculare, ovulis numerosis inter
maiuscula.

Krabi, Kaw Pipi-le, 50 m., open rocky (limestone) ground, Kerr
18,917.

Randia ligustrifolia Geddes apud Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 102
(1932), descr. ampl. [Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a R. malabarica
Lamk. spinis curvatis, Soribus maioribus differt.

284

Ramuli primo pubescentes, mox glabri, cortice cinnamomeo vel
griseo obtecti, spinis curvatis 6-8 mm. longis armati. Folia anguste
eUiptica, apice rotundata, mucronulata, basi rotundata vel sub-
cordata, 3 -2-5*5 cm. longa, 1-8-3 cm. lata, chartacea, supra fusca,
glabra, subtus pallidiora, ad costam parce hirsuta, demum fere
glabra, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 7 subconspicuis, nervulis
subobscuris, margine revoluta, petiolo 2-4 mm. longo pubescente
suffulta; stipulae 2 mm. longae, deciduae. Cymae breves,
3-4-florae, pubescentes. Receptaculum circa 2 mm. longum,
hirsutum. Calycis tubus 3 mm. longus, extra hirsutus, intra glaber ;
lobi 5, ovati, acuti, carinati, 1-75 mm. longi, circa 2 mm. lati, ciliati,
extra hirsuti, intra supeme parce adpresse pubescentes. Corolla
alba (ex Kerr) ; tubus 4-5 mm. longus, basi extra glaber, intra parte
superiore barbatus ; lobi 5, oblongi, apice obliqui, 8 mm. longi,
3 mm. lati, margine minute ciliati, aliter glabri. Stamina 5, ad os
tubi corollae aflixa, filamentis circa 1 mm. longis, antheris exsertis
mucronatis 3*5-4 mm. longis. Ovarium 2-loculare, ovulis in loculis
multis; stylus 6 mm. longus ; stigmata duo, contigua, fusiformia,
3-5 mm. longa, glabra.

Nakawn Sawan, under 50 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 5986.

Randia murina Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 104 (1932), descr. ampl.
[Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; R. anisophyllae Jack probabiliter maxime
affinis sed foliis minoribus, calycis tubo multo breviore haud ferru-
gineo facile distinguenda.

Arbor circa 15 m. alta (ex Kerr) ; ramuli primo breviter sub-
hirsuti, fusci, mox glabrescentes, cortice cinereo obtecti, circa 5 mm.
diametro, lenticellis haud conspicuis. Folia opposita, paribus inter
se inaequalibus, ovata vel elliptica, apice acute subacuminata, basi
saepissime parum inaequilateralia, rotundata vel late cuneata, sub
anthesin ad 11*5 cm. longa et 6 cm. lata, subcrassa, sicca supra
fusco-viridia, subtus murina, supra subhirsuta, subtus tomentosa,
costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
circa 12 supra conspicuis subtus subprominentibus, petiolo ad 2 cm.
longo hirsuto supra canaliculato suffulta; stipulae late deltoideae,
circa 5 mm, longae, fuscae, dorso subglabrae, deciduae. Inflores-
centia ut videtur saepissime terminalis, corymbiformis, pedunculo
coimmmi ad 3 cm. longo incluso ad 6 cm. longa, circa 5 cm. lata,
pedunculo cum ramulis et pedicellis breviter hirsuto, pedicellis ante
anthesin ad 3 mm. longis, bracteis ad 4 mm. longis, floribus albis
(ex Kerr), Receptaculum circa 2 mm. longum, densius hirsutum.
Calycis tubus 2-5 mm. longus, subsparse adpresse vel subadpresse
hirsutus, lobi 5, deltoidei vel sublanceolati, acuti vel acute sub-
acuminati, 2*25 mm. longi, basi 2 mm. lati, dorso sparse adpresse
hirsuti vel fere glabri, ciliati. Corollae tubus 8 mm. longus, extra
subsericeus, intra superne pilosus, lobi late eUiptici, 7 mm. longi,
5 mm. lati, dorso dense hirsuti, supra pilis sparsis instruct!
Antherae p^rum exsertae, 5 mm. longae, apiculatae, medifixae,

285

filamentis brevibus. Stylus cum stigmatibus fusiformibus x cm.
longus, glaber.

Satul, Tung Nui, ioo m., evergreen on rocky limestone hill, Kerr

14,651.

Randia mussaendoides Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 104 (1932),
descr. ampl. [Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; R. sikkimensi Hook. f.
habitu similis sed floribus conspicue minoribus facile distinguenda.

Arbor circa 15 m. alta (ex Kerr ); ramuli iuventute sericei, mox
plus minusve glabrescentes, cortice cinereo vel brunneo-cinereo
obtecti, lenticellis inconspicuis. Folia opposita, paribus inter se
saepissime inaequalibus, lanceolata, oblanceolata, vel late oblanceo-
lata, apice acute vel obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata, usque ad 16 cm.
longa et 4 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, sicca supra fuscescentia, subtus
pallide viridia, pagina utraque pilis brevibus albis adpressis sed
inferiore ad costam nervosque magis densis instructa, mox plus
minusve glabrescentia nisi nervorum axillis subtus pilosis, costa
supra conspicua vel impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus
utrinque circa 10 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis, nervis trans-
versis pagina utraque conspicuis vel inferiore subprominulis, petiolo
ad 1*5 cm. longo suffulta; stipulae 2 mm. longae, dorso sericeae,
deciduae. Faniculae ad apices ramulorum positae, ut videtur
axillares, pedunculo communi ad 1 cm. longo incluso ad 6 cm.
longae, pedunculo rhachi ramulis et pedicellis sericeis; pedicelli
usque ad 1 cm. longi; bracteae parvae; flores lactei (ex Kerr).
Receptaculum sericeum, 3 mm. longum. Calycis tubus receptaculo
aequilongus, lobi 5, breves. Corolla extra sericea; tubus 2 cm.
longus, apice 3-5 mm. diametro, intra paulo supra basem villosus;
lobi elhptico-oblongi, circa 1 cm. longi. et 4-5 mm. lati. Antherae
sessiles, ad corollae tubi apicem positae, dorsifixae, lineares, acum-
inatae, 7 mm. longae. Stylus 2*5 cm. longus, medio puberulus;
stigmata fusiformia, 6 mm. longa.

Krabi, 50 m., evergreen on rocky limestone hill, Kerr 18,849.

Randia pilosa Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. no (1932), descr. ampl.
[Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a R. armigera K. Schum. foliorum
paginae inferioris pilis divergentibus, corollae tubo extra piloso
recedit.

Ramuli pilis divergentibus hirsuti, spinis axillaribus rectis circa
8 mm. longis primo subhirsutis armati. Folia saepissime oblongo-
lanceolata vel lanceolata, apice acute subacuminata, basi cuneata
vel rotundato-cuneata, 4-10 cm. longa, 2-3*2 cm. lata, chartacea,
sicca supra subfusca, subtus pallidiora, supra ad costam et sparse ad
nervos laterales setulosa, setulis mox plus minusve deciduis, subtus
ad costam nervosque laterales hirsuta, aliter breviter hirsuta, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 8 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus,
nervulis vix conspicuis, petiolo 2-7 mm. longo subhirsuto suffulta;
stipulae 3 mm. longae, adpresse hirsutae, deciduae. Cymae et
axillares et terminates, saepissime triflorae, pedimculo communi

286

petiolo breviore suffultae; pedicelli circa 4 mm. longi, subsparse
hirsuti, basem versus bracteolis duabus oppositis 2 mm. longis
instructi. Receptaculum 2 mm. longum, pilis divergentibus dense
birsutum. Calycis tubus receptaculo subaequilongus, hirsutus,
lobi ad 6 mm. longi, hirsuti. Corollae tubus 3 cm. longus, apicc
circa 3 mm. diametro, extra sparse sed conspicuc pilosus, intra
supeme pilosus, lobi 5, suboblongi, i*6 cm. longi, 5 mm. lati, dorso
plus minusve pilosi, supra ima basi pilis paucis brevibus instructi.
Antherae apiculatae, 8 mm. longae, medifixae, subsessiles. Stylus
cum stigmatibus crassis 3-3 cm. longus.

Rayawng, Ban Pe, Put 2684.

Randia plumbea Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. hi (1932), descr. ampl.
[Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a R. Griffithii Hook. f. pedicellis
brevioribus, receptaculo haud glabro, floribus minoribus inter alia
distinguenda.

Arbor circa 9 m. alta (ex Kerr) ; ramuli glabri, sicco iuventute,
virides, mox cortice cinnamomeo obtecti, spinis rectis ad 6 mm.
longis interdum armati. Folia oblongo-lanceolata, oblonga, vel
oblongo-elliptica, apice acute acuminata, basi cuneata, 7-12 cm.
longa, 3-4-8 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, sicca supra viridia, subtus
plumbea, subtus in nervorum axillis pilosa, aliter glabra, costa supra
conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 5-7 supra
conspicuis subtus prominulis, nervulis paucis tantum subconspicuis,
petiolo circa 5 mm. longo supra canaliculato et margine hirsuto-
ciliato suffulta ; stipulae lineari-lanceolatae, acutae, 4 mm. longae,
deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, pedunculo communi incluso ad
2 cm. longa; bracteae mox deciduae, deltoideae, circa 2 mm.
longae, ciliatae ; pedicelli ad 4 mm. longi, pilis paucis sed conspicuis
adpressis instructi. Receptaculum 1-5 mm. longum, pilis paucis
adpressis instructum. Calyx extra pilis adpressis sparsis instructus;
tubus receptaculo subaequilongus ; lobi receptaculo subaequilongi,
oblongi, cuspidato-acuminati. Frudus iuvenilis ater, 5 mm.
diametro.

Doi Sutep, 1400 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 3141.

Gardenia lineata Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 119 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; a G. hygrophila Kurz eiusque
affinioribus, receptaculo costato, corolla indumento in lineas
disposito extra instructa recedens.

Frutex circa 1-5 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli homotini sicco fusci,
sparse pubescentes, annotini glabrescentes, mox cortice griseo vel
fusco-griseo obtecti, lenticellis parvis rotundatis inconspicuis. Folia
oblongo-lanceolata vel oblongo-elliptica, apice subobtusa, saepe
breviter acuminata, basi cuneata, 3-3-5 cm. longa, 1*2-1-5 cm. lata,
sicco fusca, chartacea, pagina inferiore ad nervorum axillas saepe
breviter pilosa, aliter glabra, costa supra conspicua subtus prom-
inente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 10 supra conspicuis subtus
prominulis intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervulis rete subtus

287

plus minusve conspicuum formantibus, petiolo ad 2 mm. longo
suffulta ; stipulae inter se connatae, circa 8 mm. longae, stramineae,
glabrae. Flores solitarii, albi (ex Kerr), breviter pedicellati.
Receptaculum costatum, circa 4 mm. longum, glabrum, sicco fuscum.
Calycis tubus 2 mm. longus, lobi 5, lanceolato-deltoidei, acuti, tubo
paululo longiores. Corollae tubus 2 cm. longus, parte basali aequali
circa 3 mm. longa, supeme expansus, extra lineis puberulis cum lobis
altemantibus instructus, intra basi supra partem aequalem villosus ;
lobi 5, oblongi, apice rotundati, circa 1*3 cm. longi et 1 cm. lati.
Antherae lineares, 1-2 cm. longae. Stylus 2*5 cm. longus.

Nakawn Panom, Ta Uten, 200 m., open ground, Kerr 8455.

Gardenia mamillata Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 121 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Gardenieae] ; a G. campanulata Roxb. fructu
apice mamillata recedit.

Frwtex ad 5 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli axmotini subcinerei,
glabri, paulo compressi, ramulis lateralibus spinescentibus usque ad
6 cm. longis ramulos abbreviates gerentibus. Folia oblongo-
elliptica, anguste elliptica, vel elliptico-obovata, 6-11-5 cm. longa,

2- 3-7 cm - lata, subacute vel obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata,
chartacea, sicco brunnescentia, subtus pallidiora, supra parce
hirsuta, mox glabrescentia, subtus ad nervos nervulosque hirsuta,
mox nisi in nervorum axillis glabrescentia, costa supra conspicua
vel prominula subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
6-8 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis intra marginem anastomo-
santibus, nervis transversis paucis subtus subprominulis, petiolo

3- 12 mm. longo supra canaliculato primo parce adpresse hirsuto
suffulta; stipulae deciduae. Fructus ellipsoideus vel late ellip-
soideus, apice obtuse mamillatus, ad 6-5 cm. longus et 4-5 cm.
diametro, sicco maturus stramineus.

Ranawng, Kao Pawta Chongdong, 500-800 m., bamboo forest,
Kerr 16,750.

Gardenia truncata Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 123 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Gardenieae]; ab afiini G . sootepense Hutchinson
petiolo breviore, foliis basi truncatis, fructu subrotundato
recedit.

Arbor parva, circa 6 m. alta (ex Kerr) ; ramuli primo puberuli,
resinosi, mox glabri, cortice cinereo obtecti, lenticellis haud con¬
spicuis. Folia rotundato-elliptica vel late oblongo-elliptica, apice
breviter obtuse acuminata, basi truncata, usque ad 22 cm. longa et
16 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, sicca viridia, subtus pallidiora, .supra
crasse puberula, subtus ad costam nervos nervulosque breviter
submolhter pubescentia, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 20, inferioribus patulis approxi-
matis, superioribus intra marginem ipsam anastomosantibus,
nervulis supra conspicuis subtus subprominulis, petiolo circa 5 mm.
longo crasso longius puberulo suffulta; stipulae intrapetiolares,
13 mm. longae, dorso puberulae, parte basali saepe diu annulatim

288

persistente. Flores axillares, solitarii, breviter pedicellati, Recep-
taculum circa 7 mm. longum, puberulum, 5-costatum. Calyx circa
i*5 cm. longus, apice bilobatus, costatus, dorso puberulus. Corollae
tubus paulo ultra 4 cm. longus, medio 4 mm. diametro, supeme
parum ampliatus, lobi 5, late elliptici, 27 cm. longi, 2 cm. lati,
glabri. Antherae paulo exsertae, 17 cm. longae, medifixae, fila-
mentis brevibus. Stylus cum stigmatibus paulo ultra 5 cm. longus,
glaber; ovarium uniloculare, placentis duabus. Fructus sub-
rotundatus, costatus, ad 27 cm. diametro, brunneus, lenticellatus,
pedicello 8 mm. longo suffultus.

Kanburi, common in deciduous forest, Kerr 20,493.

XXXVII.—TWO NEW SPECIES OF DENTELLA.

H. K. Airy-Shaw.

Siamese material of what appeared to be a new species of
Dentella (Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae) was presented to the Kew
Herbarium in October, 1931, by Prof. W. G. Craib, who suggested
that a revision of the genus might be undertaken. It was found
impracticable, with the inadequate material available, satisfactorily
to revise the whole genus, but a description of the new species
was prepared, and the name, Dentella serpyllifolia Wall, ex Airy-
Shaw, was forwarded to Prof. Craib. Owing to a misunderstanding
this name was published {FI. Siam. Enum. ji. 27 : March 1932) before
the appearance of the Latin description validating it under the
International Rules of Nomenclature.

A full description of the species is now supplied together with its
geographical distribution so far as known. The description of a
second apparently distinct Asiatic species is appended.

Dentella serpyllifolia Wattich ms. (in sched. in Herb. Wall., sub
no. 6206 g) ex Airy-Shaw, sp. nov. D. repenti (L.) Forst. valde
affinis sed ovario fructuque glaberrimo statim recognoscenda.—D.
repens Hook. f. in Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind. iii. 42 (1880), pro parte;
Ridley, FI. Mai. Penins. ii. 44 (1923), pro parte ; non Forst., nec
Oldenlandia repens L. ID. repens var. grandis Pierre ex Pitard in
Lecomte, Flore G6n. Indo-Chine, iii. 76 (1922). D. serpyllifolia Wall,
ex Craib, Florae Siam. Enum. ii. 27 (1932), nomen subnudum.

Rerba annua vel perennis, prostrata, diffuse ramosa, habitu
omnino D. repentis. Caules glaberrimi, nodis radicantibus. Folia
quam ea D. repentis plerumque pro rata longiora et angustiora,
oblanceolata usque oblongo-obovata, 5-9 mm. longa, 1-2 (rarissime
fere 3). mm. lata, basi in petiolum brevem valde attenuata, apice
acuta usque obtusa et subrotundata, glaberrima vel rarissime folia
iuniora setulis paucis apicem versus ciliata, marginibus levissime
revoluti. Stipulae ut in D. repente. Flores solitarii, primum sub-
sessiles, demum brevissime pedicellati, e caulis bifurcationibus alter-
nis fere semper orti. Ovarium oblongo-ovoideum, glaberrimum,
sub anthesin vix 1 mm. longum. Calyx tubulosus, membranaceus,
glaber, subtruncatus, nervis 5 asperulis in dentes 5 subulatos

289

hispidulos excurrentibus. Corolla alba, ei D. repentis similis sed
maior, usque 8 mm. longa, lobis subdentatis. Stamina et stylus
generis. Capsula sicca, indehiscens, oblique latissime ellipsoidea
usque fere sphaeroidea, quasi zygomorpha, levissime dorsiventraliter
compressa, uno latere (dorsali) ventricosa altero (ventrali) subplana,
axi caulis praecipui transverse spectans, subtilissime 5-costata, secus
septum distincte sulcato-constricta, 2*5 mm. longa, fere 2-5 mm. lata,
glaberrima, calyce persistente erecto coronata. Semina numerosa,
sphaerico-tetrahedrica, testa echinulato-reticulato, castanea.

Orissa. Mahanadi, 8 May 1850, Hooker & Thomson.

Northern Bengal. Gongachora, 2 May 1809, Hamilton in
Herb. Walltch, Cat. no. 6206 D.

Lower Bengal. Chittagong Hill Tracts : Kagi-ke-hath, 6 Jan.
1851, Hooker & Thomson 433 : " FI. white/’

Assam. Brahmaputra, Booth in Herb. Nuttall.

Lower Burma. Bank of the Irrawaddi at Henzada, 9 Sept.
1826, Wallich 204 (Cat. no. 6206 G) (typus in Herb. Wall, et Herb.
Kew.).

Siam. Krungtep: Bangkok, growing on brick path, 5 Sept.
1920, Kerr 4454: “ Flowers white.”

East Indies: Lombok. Ampanam, cult, ground, 1856, A. R.
Wallace.

Mauritius (introd. ?). Curepipe, growing as a weed on railway
tracts. Royal Botanic Garden, Mauritius, no. 46.

Very close to D. repens (L.) Forst., but apparently a distinct
species, since no true intermediates have been observed. The
absolutely glabrous capsules give the fruiting plant a characteristic
appearance. The orientation of the “ zygomorphic ” ovary in
relation to the main and secondary axes seems peculiar in this genus.
It is more easily observed in D. serpyllifolia than in D. repens, owing
to the dense covering of hyaline setae in the latter obscuring the
shape of the ovary. In the former species the plano-convex or
piano-spheric form of the capsule is easily seen. The attachment
of the septum is marked by a vertical furrow down the outside of the
capsule, on opposite sides. The flowers are borne terminally and
almost invariably at alternate nodes, and from these nodes 1 or 2
opposite, lateral branches are given off, one of them usually develop¬
ing more strongly than the other. In the fruiting stage it is clearly
seen that the pedicel, though terminal, is not borne symmetrically : it
leans outward, as it were, from the angle formed by the two sub¬
tending branches, though the flower itself is erect. The orientation of
the ovary (best seen in fruit) is such that the plane of the septum is
at right angles to the vertical plane passing through the two opposite
lateral branches, and it is the convex side of the fruit which always
“ leans out ” from the fork. This position does not seem to be due
to any torsion of the pedicel. A further peculiarity is that the plane
of symmetry of the zygomorphic fruit does not coincide with any of
the five possible ones of the pentamerous calyx and corolla. The

290

ribs of the calyx-lobes axe faintly but distinctly decurrent down the
receptacle, and careful examination of these shows that the calyx is
symmetrical in relation to the plane of the two lateral branches, and
therefore asymmetrical in relation to that of the receptacle.

I have not seen these features mentioned in any description of
the genus hitherto, nor do I know of any parallel example in other
Rubiaceous genera. It would be interesting to hear of such cases,
if they exist, since they might throw light on the origin and
significance of these peculiarities.

The existence of this glabrous-fruited Dentella has evidently been
known for over a century, since Wallich gave a distinctive name to
his 1826 collecting in his Herbarium, though he did not publish it in
his Catalogue ; and Hooker (l.c.) stated that the fruit of D. repens
might be " hispid or glabrous.”

Dentella concinna Airy-Shaw, sp. nov.; capsulis glabris D.
serpyllifoliae Wall, affinis, sed foliis parvis rigidulis confertis sub-
imbricatis costa valida differt.

Herba prostrata, radice perennante. CauLes graciles, glabri, pro
genere parum ramosi, ramis subsimplicibus 2-4 cm. longis; inter-
nodia brevia, 1-10 (circiter 5) mm. longa. Folia parva, rigida,
adscendenti-patentia, nonnunquam imbricata, anguste elliptica
usque oblongo-oblanceolata, 2-5 mm. longa, 0*5-1 mm. lata, acuta,
basi attenuata, vix vel brevissime petiolata, coriacea, margine
revoluto, pagina superiore setis longis albis prorsum spectantibus
praesertim marginem versus obsita, pagina inferiore glabra costa
valida conspicua. Stipulae conspicuae, membranaceae, albidae,
deltoideae, apice in setas longas laciniatae. Flores ut videtur valde
sparsi (an semper?), more generis orti, subsessiles. Ovarium
oblongum, 1 mm. longum, diametro minore. Calyx membranaceus,
tubo 1 mm. longo, costis 5 asperulis in dentes subulato-filiformes
0*75 mm. longos apice leviter patulos excurrentibus. Corolla
infundibuliformis, circiter 6 mm. longa, intus prope stamina
pubescens. Stamina generis. Stylus cum stigmatibus ut videtur
longe papillosis 175 mm. longus. Capsula oblique compresso-
sphaeroldea, circiter 2 mm. diametro, glabra, 5-costata, costa
quinta sulcae ventrali proxima et earn fere percurrente, calyce 2 mm.
longo dentibus hispidis coronata, brevissime (vix 1 mm.) pedicellata.
[Semina non scrutata, capsula matura unica tantum in speciminibus
praesente.]

Lower Burma. Henzada Distr.: Myanaung, Apr. 1872,
Gamble 3723 A .

The possibility is not to be excluded that Gamble's collection
may be an extreme habitat-form of D. s&rpyllifolia grown under
exceptionally dry conditions. A specimen, however, with the setose
fruits of D. repens, collected presumably under such conditions in
the dried-up bed of a lake at Meiktila, Central Burma, does not
possess the narrow leaves and remarkably strong midrib, character¬
istic of D. concinna, and appears to be referable with little doubt to

291

D. repens. For this reason it seems best at present to treat the plant
from Lower Burma as a distinct species. Further material is,
however, needed (as is the case throughout the genus) before the
true status of this plant can be definitely settled.

In conclusion, it may be noted that the genus Dentella shows a
marked centre of development in the northern, central and eastern
parts of Australia. The Kew Herbarium possesses specimens of
four or five undescribed species from this region. One or two are
clearly allied to D. minutissima White et Francis, recently (1922)
described from Central Queensland; others are close to D. repens,
whilst yet others appear to be without obvious allies. The writer
would therefore value the opportunity of examining further
gatherings from Australia, in order that the new species may be
described from adequate material. The collections at present at
Kew are mostly somewhat fragmentary.

XXXVIII.—CONTRIBUTIONS TOWARDS A FLORA OF
BRITISH NORTH BORNEO: II * C. E. C. Fischer.

Ixora lunutica C. E. C. Fischer, sp. nov. [Rubiaceae]; /. accedenti
Val. proxima, foliorum nervis primariis paucioribus subtus haud
elevatis, floribus pedicellatis, calycis lobis acutis, corollae tubo
breviore recedit.

A tree ; twigs terete, brown, glabrous. Leaves directed forward
at a sharp angle with the twigs, narrowly oblanceolate, acuminate,
base tapering to the short petiole, glabrous, olive-brown when dry,
10-27 cm. long, 1 *6-3 7 cm. wide, midrib and the 14-16 primary
nerves prominent below, the latter regular, forming an acute angle
(less than 45 0 ) with the midrib, curving slightly and uniting close
to the slightly revolute margin ; petioles terete, channelled above,
5-7 mm. long; stipules 7 mm. long, shortly and broadly ovate and
more or less keeled, the apex produced into a trigonous subulate
mucro. Inflorescence of terminal, repeatedly trichotomous cymes
16 cm. long, with a pair of much reduced leaves (7 mm. long) and
stipules at the first fork; rhachis and its branches compressed below
the nodes, glabrous or minutely puberulous ; bracts at the forks 2,
acuminate, minute; flowers numerous, glabrous, pedicels slender,
4-8 mm. long, each bearing 2 minute bracteoles. Calyx turbinate,
slightly constricted above the ovary, 1-5 mm. long including the
minute, triangular-ovate, acute or subacute lobes. Corolla-Uibe
2*7 cm. long, *5 mm. diam., striate with 8 thick nerves; lobes 4,
elliptic-oblong, acute, 7 mm. long, 2*5 mm. wide, twisted clockwise
in bud, forming a narrowly fusiform acuminate apex to the tube.
Siemens 4, seated on the mouth of the corolla-tube, exserted;
filaments fleshy, subulate, 1-5 mm. long; anthers linear, abruptly
finely acuminate, 3*5 mm. long. Ovary 1 mm. long; style very
slender, 4 mm. exserted; stigmas oblong-ovate. Fruit not seen.

♦Continued from K.B. 1932, 182,

292

Lunut, fls. Aug., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1259. “ Height
40 ft., diam. 1 ft. Flowers white.”

Vaccinium adenurum C. E. C. Fischer, sp. nov. [Vacciniaceae];
V. launfolio Miq. affinis, foliis minoribus, racemis longioribus,
bracteis majoribus, tubis antherarum trancatis minute glandulosis
divert.

A shrub ; branchlets terete, glabrous, pale-brown, youngest
twigs striate, reddish-brown, minutely puberulous. Leaves thinly
coriaceous, elliptic-obovate, attenuate at both ends, apex obtuse or
acute, 3-5*5 cm. long, i* 5-2*6 cm. wide (a few here and there spathu-
late, i*5 cm. long), midrib slightly raised below, primary nerves

4- 6 pairs, arising at an acute angle from the midrib, arching and
anastomosing, reticulations indistinct, quite glabrous, when dry
dark-brown and smooth above, paler, wrinkled and obscurely
glandular below, margins recurved and sometimes with an immersed
gland on one or both sides just above the petiole; petioles flat,
3-4 mm. long, pruinose. Inflorescence of terminal and axillary
racemes : rhachis angular, up to 10 cm. long, minutely puberulous,
with several deciduous minute, ovate, pungently acuminately
mucronate, puberulous scales at the base ; bracts deciduous or some
persisting till the corollas fall, membranous, subsessile, narrowly
oblanceolate, attenuate at both ends, apex acute, minutely puberu¬
lous, 1 *5-2 cm. long ; flowers numerous; pedicels 5-7 mm. long,
minutely puberulous. Calyx broadly campanulate, 2*2 mm. long ;
lobes 5, broadly ovate, abruptly acute, 1 mm. long, minutely ciliate.
Corolla tubular, slightly inflated at the middle, contracted at the
mouth, glabrous without, furnished with scattered short white hairs
within, tube 5-6 mm. long; lobes 5, triangular, obtuse, reflexed,
1 mm. long, minutely grey-papillose within. Stamens 10, epigynous,
free ; filaments linear-ensiform, base inflexed, 3*5 mm. long, pilose ;
anthers oblong, muriculate, spurs o or minute, the terminal tubes
truncate, erose, sparsely minutely glandular. Disc dome-shaped,

5- lobulate, glabrous. Ovary 5-celled, ovules several in each cell ;
style compressed, 5 mm. long, pilose below, minutely grey-papillose
above, truncate. Fruit not seen.

Sandakan, on hill near catchment area, fls. Nov., G. Pascual in
Herb. For. Dept. 1219. “ Height 10 feet, diam. 4 in. Flowers

white.”

Embelia philippinensis A.DC. [Myrsinaceae].

Pin River, fls. Sept., Arsat in Herb. For. Dept. 1241. " FI.
white.” Orang Sungei name: Sabiliken . Without precise locality,
D. D. Wood 2123.

Diospyros borneensis Hiem [Ebenaceae].

Gaya, Gov. Creagh.

Diospyros cauliflora Bl. [Ebenaceae],

Banguey Island, P. Castro et F. Melegrito 1379.

Diospyros elliptifolia Men. [Ebenaceae].

Banguey Island, P. Castro et F. Melegrito. 1666.
forma kinalabuensis Bakh.

Kinabalu, 3000 ft., G. D. Haviland 1322.

Diospyros Enderti Bakh. [Ebenaceae],

Without precise locality, D . D. Wood 1305.

Diospyros Everettii Men. [Ebenaceae].

Kudat, fls. Feb., Dr. M. Fraser 203.

Diospyros Helferi C.B. Clarke [Ebenaceae].

Without precise locality, D. D. Wood 1964.

Diospyros Korthalsiana Hiern [Ebenaceae].

Banguey Island, P. Castro et F. Melegrito 1706.

Diospyros lanceifolia Roxb. forma consanguinea {Men.) Bakh.
[Ebenaceae].

Kinabalu, Jesselton, M. S. Clemens 9600.

Diospyros maritima Bl. [Ebenaceae].

Port Myburgh, Gov. Creagh ; Kudat, Dr. M. Fraser 80.

Diospyros pendula Hasselt. [Ebenaceae].

Kudat, Dr. M. Fraser 201.

Diospyros tuberculata Bakh. [Ebenaceae].

Banguey Island, P. Castro et F. Melegrito 1409.

Jasminum triandrum C. E. C. Fischer, sp. nov. [Oleaceae]; ab
omnibus ceteris speciebus staminibus 3 recedit; J. celebico Merr.
proximum, a quo nervis foliorum primariis paucioribus, bracteis
majoribus, floribus numerosioribus et majoribus differt.

A woody climber ; twigs terete, glabrous except for the brownish-
puberulous upper nodes. Leaves opposite, simple, distichous, ovate-
lanceolate, tapering to a fine point, base rounded, 3-5-7*5 cm. long,
1 *2-3-2 cm. wide, midrib slightly impressed above, prominent below,
primary nerves pennate, 4-5 pairs, the upper 1 or 2 pairs obscure,
looping and anastomosing near the margin, reticulations obscure,
quite glabrous, fuscous-brown when dry ; petioles slender, curved
upwards, 7-10 mm. long, channelled above, articulated below the
middle and minutely puberulous below the articulation, base
widened, the two opposite petioles joined by a raised line. Inflores¬
cence terminal and from the upper axils; peduncles compressed,
glabrous, the lower ones up to 3 cm. long, gradually shorter upwards ;
cymes trichotomous, rather dense-flowered, the ultimate divisions
i-fiowered, or more usually 2-5 in umbels, often with much reduced
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acuminate and petiolate leaves,
acute at the base, at the forks ; partial rhachises sometimes puberu¬
lous, bract eoles linear or linear-spathulate, up to 1 cm. long, glabrous;
pedicels rather stout, 3-3*5 cm. long. Calyx-tube cupular, 2-2*5 nim.

294

long; lobes 6, linear-acicular, 5-7 mm. long, glabrous, minutely
ciliate. Corolla-tube 1-4-1 *6 cm. long; lobes 8-9, linear-oblong,
finely acuminate, 9-10 mm. long. Stamens 3; filaments short,
flat; anthers linear, apiculate, 3-3-5 mm. long. Ovary ellipsoid,
1 mm. long, glabrous; style slender, as long as the corolla-tube,
glabrous. Fruit not seen.

Lundan, 100 ft., fis. June, Md. Tahir in Herb. For. Dept. 1313.
“ In forest. Flowers white.” Malay name : Bunga Malur-hutan.

Three stamens in a Jasminum is very unusual. Several flowers
were dissected and every one was tri-staminate.

Alstonia angustiloba Miq. [Apocynaceae].

Sandkan, 80 ft., fr. Feb., H. G. Keith in Herb. For. Dept. 1271;
fls. Sept., H. G. Keith in Herb. For. Dept. 1321 (both specimens from
same tree). " Tree 50 ft. high, 40 in. diam; fls. white, fr. pale-
green.” Vernacular name: Pulai.

Avicennia alba Bl. [Verbenaceae].

Nabakan, Weston, fls. Oct., Md. Tahir in Herb. For. Dept. 1232.
“ In swamp.” Malay name : Api-Api.

XXXIX.—BOTANICAL NAMES OF LAVENDER AND
SPIKE. M. L. Green.

As the result of an enquiry from the Pharmaceutical Society,
an historical investigation was undertaken by the writer into the
nomenclature of Lavender and Spike with the following results :—•

(1) The name Lavandula Spica as originally published by Linn£
included both Lavender (as var. oc), and Spike (as var. ( 3 ).

(2) The name L. Spica was presumably given by Linn6 with
reference to “ Spica recentiorum ” Lobel. Hist. 235 (vide Linn. Hort.
Cliff. 303) i.e. Spike, and it was adopted by the following botanists
for that species when it was separated from Lavender : Chaix (1786);
De Candolle (1815); Gingins (1826); Bentham (1833, 1848); in
most recent pharmaceutical works also, the name L. Spica has been
applied to Spike.

(3) When a species originally composed of varieties is broken up
into two or more species it is generally assumed, in the absence of
evidence to the contrary, that var. a is the type of the specific name,
that is, the element for which the name should be retained in the
event of segregation. Hence numerous botanists have retained the
name L. Spica L. for the Lavender; e.g. Loiseleur (1807); Nyman
(1881); Briquet (1891, 1896); Schinz & Thellung (1923); Rehder
(1927).

(4) It has been shown by Sprague, however, that in various cases
the type of a Linnean specific name was not his var. x (Rhodora,
xxx. pp. 55-56 : 1928),

(5) In view of the name L. Spica L. having been used in numerous
standard floras for Spike and in others for Lavender, it is now

295

wholly ambiguous unless the words " emend. Chaix " or “ emend.
Loisel." are added whenever it is mentioned.

It was decided at the International Botanical Congress held at
Cambridge in 1930 that “ a name of a taxonomic group must be
rejected if, owing to its use with different meanings, it becomes a
permanent source of confusion or error," and that a list of “ nomina
ambigua" should be prepared by the Executive Committee of
Nomenclature. The name Lavandula Spica L, is here suggested for
inclusion in the list. If it is treated as a “ nomen ambiguum," the
correct name for Lavender is Lavandula officinalis Chaix and that of
Spike is Lavandula latifolia ViU.

The more important synonymy of the two species is as follows :—
Lavender.

Lavandula officinalis Chaix in ViU. Hist. PI. Dauph. i. 355 (1786);
Vill. l.c. ii. 363 (1787); Ard. FI. Alp.-Marit. ed. 2, 296 (1879) >'
Pari. Fe. Ital. vi. 56 (1884) ; Rouy & Fouc. FI. France, xi. 254
(1909); Tschirch, Handb. Pharmakogn. ii. 823 (1912); Finne-
more. Essential Oils, 707 (1926); Hegi, Ill. FI. Mittel-Eur. v. 2277
(1927).

L. Spica Linn., var. a, Linn. Sp. PI. 572 (1753).

L. Spica Linn, emend. Loisel. FI. Gall. ii. 346 (1807); Bertoloni, FI.
Ital. vi. 74 (1844) ; Nyman, Consp. FI. Eur. 572 (1881) ; Briq.
Lab. Alp. Marit. 464 (1891) ; Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat.
Pflanzenfam. iv. 3A, 228 (1896); Fiori & Paoletti, FI. Ital. iii. 18
(1903) ; Schinz & Thellung, FI. Schweiz, ed. 4, i. 556 (1923) ;
L. H. Bailey, Man. Cult. PI. 641 (1924) ; Rehder, Man. Cult.
Trees & Shrubs, 780 (1927).

L. angustifolia Moench, Meth. 389 (1794).

L. vera DC. FI. France, vi. 398 (18x5); Gingins, Hist. Nat. Lavand.
145 (1826); Benth. Lab. Gen. & Spec. 148 (1833); De Notaris,
Rep. 347 (1844) ; Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. 145 (1848) ; Masters
in Treas. Bot. 664 (1866); Willk. & Lange, Prodr. FI. Hisp. ii.
391 (1870) ; Benth. & Trimen, Med. PI. iii. t. 199 (1880) ;
Fliickiger, Pharmakogn. Pflanzenr. ed. 3, 811 (1891); Coste, FI.
France, iii. 78 (1904); Greenish, Mat. Med. ed. 2, 95 (1909), et
Greenish, l.c. ed. 5, 89 (1929).

Spike.

Lavandula latifolia Vill. Hist. PL Dauph. ii. 363 (1787); Loisel. FI.
GalL ii 346 (1807) ; Willk. & Lange, Prodr. FI. Hisp. ii. 392 (1870);
Ard. FI. Alp.-Marit. ed, 2, 296 (1879) > Nyman, Consp. FI. Eur.
572 (1881); Pari. FI. Ital. vi. 59 (1884) ; Briq. Lab. Alp.-Marit.
469 (1891); Briq. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. 3A,
228 (1896); Fiori & Paoletti, FI. Ital. iii. 19 (1903); Coste, FI.
France, iii. 78 (1904); Rouy & Fouc. FI. France, xi. 255 (1909);
Tschirch, Handb. Pharmakogn. ii. 831 (1912); L. H. Bailey,
Man. Cult. PI. 641 (1924); Finnemore, Essential Oils, 718 (1926);
Rehder, Man. Cult. Trees & Shrubs, 780 (1927); Hegi, Ill. FI.
Mittel-Eur. v. 2276 (1927).

296

L. Spica Linn., var. (J, Linn. Sp. PI. 572 (1753).

L. Spica Linn, emend. Chaix in Vill. Hist. PI. Dauph. i. 355 (1786);
DC. FI. France, vi. 397 (1815); Gingins, Hist. Nat. Lavand. 151
(1826); Benth. Lab. Gen. & Spec. 149 (1833) ; De Notaris, Rep.
347 (1844) ; Benth. in DC. Prodr. xii. 145 (1848) ; Masters in
Treas. Bot. 664 (1866) ; Fliickiger, Pharmakogn. Pflanzenr. ed. 3,
814 (1891) ; Greenish, Mat. Med. ed. 2, 96 (1909), et Greenish, l.c.,
ed. 5, 89 (1929); Sprague & Nelmes in Joum. Linn. Soc., Bot.
xlviii. 326 (1931).

XL.—INEZIA, A NEW GENUS OF GOMPOSITAE FROM
SOUTH AFRICA. E. P. Phillips.

Inezia E. P. Phillips, gen. nov., afiinis Lidbeckiae Berg., sed floribus
radii fertilibus, bracteis apice scariosis, et pappo minuto differt.

Planta 30-60 cm. alta, villosa. Caules erecti. Folia sessilia,
integra. Capitula solitaria, heterogama, floribus radii i-seriatis
fertilibus, disci $ fertilibus. Involucrum campanulatum, bracteis
pauciseriatis imbricatis, interioribus apice scariosis. Receptaculum
conicum, nudum. Corollae radii ligulatae, involucro aequilongae;
$ regulares, 4-angulares, 4-fidae. Antherae basi obtusae, integrae.
Styh rami fl. $ apice truncati. Achaenia anguste oblonga, anguste
alata.

Inezia integrifolia ( KlaM ) E. P. Phillips , comb. nov.— Lidbeckia
integrifolia Klatt in Bull. Herb. Boiss, s6r. 1, iv. 840 (1896).

Transvaal : Barberton distr. ; Dry range at Moodies, 5000 ft.,
Feb., Thorncroft 452*, 453, and in Herb . Wood 4948* ; Saddleback
Mt., 4000 ft., Nov. & Dec., Galpin 1174; Near top of mountain
behind Barberton, 5000 ft., Feb., Liebenberg 2420 ; Lydenburg
distr.; open veld near Graskop, 4760 ft., Jan., Irvine in Nat. Herb.
11,421.

Swaziland : Near Mbabane, 5000 ft., Dec., Bolus 12,012;
4600 ft, Jan., Burtt Davy 2868.

As formerly constituted, the genus Lidbeckia consisted of
three species, two from the south-western districts of the Cape
Province, and the third from the Transvaal and Swaziland. The
last species, which Klatt placed in the genus Lidbeckia, not
only differs in some important characters from the Cape plants,
but also occurs in quite a different floral region, and there is, there¬
fore, justification for regarding it as a distinct genus. The two
species from the Cape are more or less branched, semidecumbent,
undershrubs, with divided leaves. The plant under consideration
has a perennial underground stem, from which stiff, erect, leafy
branches arise, and the leaves are entire. It further differs from the
type species of Lidbeckia in that the ray-flowers are scarcely longer
than the involucral-bracts, which, more especially th e inn er ones, are

♦Klatt quotes Thorncroft 552 and 4958, whereas the numbers should be
as above.

297

truncate and membranous at the tips; the ovary of the disc-flowers
does not break away from the corolla with an attached shoulder,
as in Lidbeckia, but comes away clear, and then shows a very minute
crown-like pappus. The genus has been named in honour of Miss
Inez C. Verdoom, on the staff of the National Herbarium, Pretoria.

XLI.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

The Director has been honoured by being elected a Corres¬
ponding Member of the Deutsche Botanische Gesellschaft at the
meeting held on May 18th, 1932. At the same meeting Dr. O.
Staff, F.R.S., already a Corresponding Member, was elected an
Honorary Member of the Society.

Hackelia macrophylla {Brand) Johnston. This species was
treated originally as a variety of Cynoglossum uncinatum Benth. In
FI. Brit. Ind. iv. 161, it was united with Paracaryum glochidiatum
Benth. and has been much confused with that species in herbaria.
In Fedde, Rep. xiv. 146-147 (1915), Brand showed that neither
of these two species is a true Paracaryum and placed them in the
genus Lappula Gilib., making the new combination Lappula glochi¬
diata and describing the variety as a new species Lappula macrophylla.

In 1923, Johnston (Contr. Grey Herb, new series, Ixviii. 43)
pointed out that the usual conception of Lappula comprises two
sharply differentiated groups of plants and proposed to revive the
genus Hackelia Opiz for the biennial or perennial species, the nutlets
of which have a large ovate or deltoid areola, leaving in Lappula the
annuals whose nutlets are attached by a narrow areola extending all
along the medial ventral keel. In this view both the species under
review fall in Hackelia. Johnston, however, correctly rejected the
specific name glochidiata of Wall, as a nomen nudum on a Wallichian
sheet not validated by any description (vide art. 37 of the Inter¬
national Rules), and substituted the trivial Roylei, after Cynoglossum
Roylei G. Don, Syst. iv. 356 (1838). In his revision of the family in
Pflanzenr. Borraginac.-Cynogloss. 119-120 (1931), Brand accepts
the transfer to the genus Hackelia but retains the incorrect trivial
glochidiata. As pointed out in K.B. 1925,319, Cynoglossum uncinatum
Benth. in Royle Ill. 305 is the earliest valid name for the plant, as
the part containing the description appeared in 1836. The correct
name for the species, therefore, is Hackelia uncinata {Benth.).

Brand in the two publications cited has shown the characters
distinguishing the two species, but Mr. B. 0 . Coventry, who has had
the opportunity of studying both in Kashmir, has brought the
following additional points to my notice:—

H. uncinata : One or two pairs of nerves in the leaves above the
basal continued in an even, practically uninterrupted curve to near
the apex, upper surface of the leaves asperous; nutlets with the
glochidia in usually two marginal rows (one row in occasional,
reduced nutlets) and the faces devoid of glochidia; corolla blue.

298

H. macrophytta: All the nerves soon forking and anastomosing,
upper surface of leaves smooth ; nutlets with glochidia spread over
the whole face; corolla white with a purple blotch at the sinus
between the lobes.

H. macrophytta does not appear to extend as far East as H.
uncmata, the following localities being represented in the Kew
Herbarium, besides several sheets collected by T. Thomson attributed
to " Him. Bor. Occ.” without more precise localisation; Hatta,
T. Thomson ; Murree, Top of Mt. Mokshpuri A .F. ; Yarkand
Expedition, Dr. Henderson ; Kumaon, Ralam River, 11,500 ft.,
Strachey and Winterbottom 6; W. Him., Pangee, Dr. Watt ; Kulu
Lahoul, near Pulga, J. R. Drummond 22,963; Kashmir, Ara,
9000 ft., J. R. Drummond 14,116; Mirga, 9200 ft., Chitral Relief
Expedition 17,353; Jaunsar, Chachpur, 7000 ft., J. 5 . Gamble
23,692 ; Tehri Garhwal, Bamsu and Murali, 6500-8500 ft., fl. and
fr. May-June, J. S. Gamble 24,217, 24,792, 24,947 ; Punjab, Changla
Forest, fl. and fr. July, Miss E. M. Saunders, “ Grows near water in
woods. Flowers white or pale-pink with pink centre ” ; Chitral,
Ziarat, 8000 ft., S. M. Toppm 431; Kashmir, Badwan, 7500 ft.,
fl. July, B . 0 . Coventry 1488. c. E. c. fischer.

Ruyschia phylladenia Sandwith. —The description of this
species (see K.B. 1930, 153) was incomplete since the petals and
stamens had fallen and none were to be found with the herbarium
material. Mr. C. H. Lankester, who discovered this interesting
plant at Las C6ncavas, Cartago, Costa Rica, at an attitude of 4800 ft.,
has kindly presented to Kew a fine flowering raceme preserved in
spirit. The description of the species may therefore be amplified as
follows: —

Petala obovata usque anguste obovata, 7 mm. longa, 3-4 mm.
lata, libera, sub anthesi reflexa. Stamina 3, 5-6 mm. longa;
filamenta complanata, supra basin ad 1*2 mm. lata, sursum angus-
tata, basi petalis manifeste adhaerentia, inter se libera; antherae
suborbiculari-ovatae, 1 mm. longae, o-8 mm. latae. Ovarium
biloculare, globosum, 2 mm. longum atque diametro, stylo manifesto
cum stigmate submtegro 1*5 mm. longo.

The most interesting features of the flower of this species, as
will at once be seen by students of the Marcgraviaceae , are the
choripetaly and the presence of three stamens. These characters
immediately suggest the transference of R. phylladenia to the genus
Caracasia Szysz., which was originally described by Ernst as
Vargasia, a name which had to be abandoned under the International
Rules of Nomenclature. Vargasia was distinguished from Ruyschia
(sensu latiore, including Souroubea ) by the possession of 3 instead of
5 stamens, which were free instead of adnate to the petals at the
base; by the bilocular, instead of quinquelocular, ovary; and by
the biconvex lamina of the nectaries. The two last characters were
subsequently found to be worthless, since Ruyschia Jacq. sensu

299

siricto has, in fact, a bilocular ovary, and the lamina of its nectaries
is more or less biconvex. Subsequent authors, therefore (Szyszy-
lovicz and, more recently, Gilg and Werdermann, in Engler and
Prantl, Pflanzenfamilien) have distinguished Caracasia from
Ruyschia on the number of the stamens, and the freedom of the
petals and stamens, the petals of Ruyschia being said to be connate
at the base, and the 5 stamens connate and adhaerent to the petals.

But dissection of the flower of the type species of Ruyschia,
R. clusiifolia Jacq., shows that neither the 5 stamens nor the petals
are connate. The 5 broad filaments are adnate to the petals at the
base and meet each other at this point, but they are not connate;
and several of them are so placed towards the side of the petal that
they appear to be alternate with, rather than opposite to, the petals.
Thus the filaments partly adhere to and partly overlap the petals,
and the result is that the petals tend to appear fused at the base,
although in reality they are free.

In R. fihylladenia, which has the 3 stamens of Caracasia , although
its general facies is exactly that of R. clusiifolia, the filaments are
adnate to the petals at the base and inserted at the side rather than
in the centre, precisely as in R. clusiifolia. The petals always appear
perfectly free, since the filaments, being fewer in number, do not
meet each other nor tend to create an appearance of fusion.

R. phylladmia, therefore, disagrees with Ernst’s description of
Vargasta (Caracasia), since the 3 stamens are not free from the
petals. There is no material of Caracasia at Kew. The genus was
based on two species discovered near Caracas, C. tremadena (Ernst)
Szysz. and C. viridiflora (Ernst) Szysz. Of these the former has the
leaves rounded, the latter subcordate at the base, and in both species
the free part of the nectary is situated at the apex of the pedicel.
Thus it is clear that R. phylladenia is distinct from both species of
Caracasia, not merely in its stamens which are adnate to the petals
at the base, but also in its shorter leaves which are attenuate at the
base, and in the lamina of its nectary which arises from above the
middle of the pedicel but at some distance from the apex.

Although no material of Caracasia has been available for examina¬
tion, the above remarks would seem to suggest that the genus is not
really separable from Ruyschia . If the stamens of Caracasia are
truly free, then Ruyschia phylladenia is a connecting link between the
two genera. Meanwhile, it does not seem desirable to place R.
phylladema in Caracasia merely on account of its three stamens.

N. Y. S.

Conifers in Cultivation.*—This book of 634 pages is the official
report of the Conifer Conference, organised by the Royal Horti¬
cultural Society, held in the Society’s Hall in Greycoat Street,
Westminster, in November 1931. _

* Conifers in Cultivation: The Report of the Conifer Conference held by
the Royal Horticultural Society, November, 1931. Price £\ Is. 0 d. net from
The Secretary, Royal Horticultural Society, Vincent Square, London, S.W.l.

300

Forty years had passed since the Society held their previous
Conference, and in the intervening years so much additional know¬
ledge had been gained about Conifers and their cultivation, and so
many new species had been introduced, that an opportunity for
collating and distributing information had become necessary.

Quoting from the report, p. 2, " The principal objects of the
Conference were to collect experiences regarding the many coniferous
plants introduced as a result of expeditions to China, N. Burma,
Tibet, etc.; to revise the conclusions on the cultural possibilities of
various Conifers as stated at the last Conference ; to gather together
the changes that have become necessary in nomenclature ; and to
collect statistics of the growth in the British Islands of coniferous
trees and, so far as possible, compare the statistics with those
obtained 40 years ago.” To gain these ends a number of papers on
varied subjects were prepared for reading at the Conference and
these papers, with the discussions that ensued, appear in the report.
Statistics concerning the various species grown in some 250 gardens
situated in different parts of the British Ides were obtained, and they
form an important section of the work—pp 329-596. Unfortun¬
ately the statistical comparisons with trees measured 40 years ago
could not be made, for in very few instances was it possible to find
trees that were measured in 1891; some had died standing, others
had been blown down, while in many instances estates had changed
hands and no record had been kept of the measured trees.

The book begins with a list of the Executive Committee and
a definition of the objects of the Conference, followed by the
Opening Address given by the Hon. Henry McLaren, C.B.E.,
President of the Royal Horticultural Society. The next 300 pages
are devoted to papers and discussions, the first paper bemg a
Reference List of Conifers grown out of doors in the British Isles.
The list is made up from the names sent in with the statistical
returns; many of those names are obsolete and the Conference was
considered to be a favourable opportunity for directing attention to
the names now recognised as correct according to the International
Rules of Botanical Nomenclature. By means of different kinds of
type correct names and synonyms are clearly defined. The list is
prefaced by explanatory matter regarding the necessity for name
changes, and at the beginning of each important genus its distinctive
characters are given.

The papers read on the first day and their readers were :—" The
Influence of Exotic Conifers on Silviculture in the British Isles,” by
Sir John Stirling Maxwell, Bart., K.T.; “ Random Notes on Diseases
of Conifers,” by Professor Dr. Borthwick, O.B.E.; ,f Dwarf
Conifers,” by Mr. Murray Homibrook. On the second day Mr. L. B.
Stewart, A.H.R.H.S., dealt with ” Propagation of Conifers ”;
Mr. A. D. Slavin, M.S., read a paper on “ Some Conifers cultivated
in the United States ”; Dr. L. Cockayne, C.M.G., F.R.S., wrote
on " Polymorphy in New Zealand Conifers and its Relation to

301

Horticulture ” ; Mr. A. C. Forbes dealt with " Some Problems
connected with the Natural Reproduction and Survival of New
Zealand Conifers ”; Mr. F. R. S. Balfour, M.A., F.L.S., V.M.H., gave
" The History of Conifers in Scotland and their Discovery by
Scotsmenthe Marquess of Headfort contributed "Conifers in
the Parks and Gardens of Ireland ” ; and Mr. E. L. Hillier described
" Conifers of the Temperate Regions of the Far East.”

On the third day Mr. A. B. Jackson, A.L.S., contributed "Notes
on Chinese Conifers ” ; Mr. W. Dallimore dealt with “ The Economic
Value of the Coniferae ” ; Professor H. E. Armstrong, F.R.S., gave
" Conifer Chemistry ” ; Mr. H. M. Gardner " Conifers of Kenya ” ;
and Mr. C. E. Legat, B.Sc., " Exotic Conifers in South Africa.”
All these papers are given in full and several are illustrated by
numerous excellent photographs. Following the papers there is a
list of the exhibitors, and between that and the statistical returns a
selection of the most notable trees in cultivation, of a large number of
species, is given. As the statistical returns were received they were
examined, and where a name did not correspond with the name now
recognised as correct, the correction was made, the sender’s name
being given first in italics, followed by the correction in small Roman
capitals. A Bibliography of Conifers, compiled by Mr. H. R.
Hutchinson, and an excellent index completes what will be found a
most useful book by all who are interested in coniferous trees and
shrubs. The important work of editing was carried out by Mr. F. J.
Chittenden, F.L.S., V.M.H., and he is to be congratulated upon the
results, for he had a by no means easy task. w. D.

Botanical Magazine. —The third part of Vol. dv. was published
on May 26th and contains the following plant portraits and some
descriptions of new species :—

Rhododendron Kyawii Lace & W. W. Smith (t. 9271), from the
rain-forest belt of Upper Burma; Acarpha laciniata Stapf, comb,
nov. (t, 9272), found on the eastern slopes of the Andes near
Lake Nahuel Huapi and formerly known as Boopis laciniata Ball;
Petrocosmea Parryorum C. E. C. Fischer (t. 9273), collected by
Mr. and Mrs. Parry in the Lushai Hills, Assam ; Aerides Jarckianum
Schlechter (t. 9274), a native of the Philippine Islands; Pourthiaea
villosa laevis Stapf, comb. nov. (t. 9275), a rosaceous shrub, with
many synonyms, introduced some seventy years ago from Japan;
Primula alpicola Stapf (t. 9276), a new species, allied toP. sikkimensis
Hook. f. and P. Florindae Ward, with cream-coloured or purple
flowers from Kongbo Province, Tibet—a useful key to the allied
species follows the description; Camellia cuspidata Hort. (t. 9277), a
handsome free-flowering shrub common in the Yangtse-Kiang
Valley from western Anhwei to eastern Szechuan, Chekiang,
originally discovered in 1886 by Augustine Henry; Calceolaria
acutifolia Witasek (t. 9278}, introduced in 1900 by Mr. A, K. Bulley
from the Patagonian Andes; Iris Polakii Stapf forma protonyma

302

(t. 9279), a native of North-Western Persia; Nothopanax arboreus
Seemann (t. 9280), a tree found throughout the New Zealand Islands,
and Berberis Francisci-Ferdinandi C. K. Schneider (t. 9281), dis¬
covered by E. H. Wilson in the mountains of Western Szechuan.

A Second Biology.* —This volume is the second of a series of
three textbooks designed to cover a course in biology up to the
standard of Higher School Certificate and similar examinations.
The authors emphasize in the preface the need of first-hand observa¬
tion of living organisms in biological teaching and this principle is
well carried out in the text, in which a greater number of types is
described than is usual in such books. There is an excellent chapter
on plant and animal ecology and throughout special attention is
paid to organisms as living entities.

That the authors possess the gift of clear exposition is well
illustrated by the sections on Meiosis and the dehiscence of the Fern
sporangium, processes always difficult to describe satisfactorily in an
elementary textbook.

In placing Pooh Bah’s “ Primordial Protoplasmic Atomic
Globule ” at the base of their hypothetical scheme of life the authors
betray a sense of humour rarely met with in a biological textbook.

The index might well have been more carefully compiled ; there
is‘no mention of pollination or seed dispersal, though these subjects
are treated in the text. This, however, is a small blemish in a book
which should prove acceptable to all teachers of Biology.

Flora of the Prairies and Plains of Central North America, f

—Botanists studying the flowering-plants and ferns of the north¬
eastern United States have long had two excellent manuals at their
disposal, namely, Gray’s New Manual of Botany, and Britton and
Brown’s Illustrated Flora of the Northern States and Canada.
Small's Flora of the South-eastern United States covers the south¬
eastern area while Jepson's Manual of the Flowering Plants of
California and Abrams’ Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States are
available for the western States. The Rocky Mountain region was
covered by the late Dr. Rydberg’s Flora of the Rocky Mountains
and adjacent plains, and the lacuna remaining between east and west
is now filled by the volume under review. It aims to be “ a complete
manual of the Spermatophyta and Pteridophyta of the States of
Kansas, Nebraska, Iowa, Minnesota, South Dakota, and North
Dakota, and of Southern Manitoba and south-eastern Saskatchewan”
and includes descriptions of 1066 genera and 3988 species. There is
no Introduction, but an account of the phytogeography of the area

*By S. Mangham, M.A. and W. Rae Sherrifis, M.A., D.Sc., F.L.S. London,
Sidgwick & Jackson, Ltd , 1931, pp. vii+367, 197 figures. Price 65 .

fBy Per Axel Rydberg, New York. Published by the New York
Botanical Garden, 1932, pp. vii. + 969, figs 600. 8 vo. Price $5.50 post
paid.

303

was published in Brittonia, i. 57-66, a few months before the author’s
death, and Latin diagnoses of the new species and the single new
genus, Denslovia (based on Habemria clavellata Spreng.) appeared
in a posthumous paper (l.c. 79-m). Various changes in nomen¬
clature have been made in order to conform with the International
Rules.

The only satisfactory test of a work of this nature is to use it for
identifying a number of unknown plants. Here it must suffice to
say that the keys seem to be clear, with adequately contrasting
characters, and that the descriptions are short but helpful. The
format and style are attractive. Misprints are commendably few,
but Hypochoeris radicata appears as “ H. radiata .” The large
number of plants naturalized from Europe and Asia is a feature which
the region of the prairies and plains shares with the north-eastern
area. In Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) alone, over forty species are
included as adventive or naturalized from the Old World, or occur as
escapes from cultivation. As might be expected, these are not so
well described as the native species : Barbarea stricta, for example,
being inadequately distinguished from B. vulgaris. But on the
whole, considerable care seems to have been taken in drawing up
the descriptions, and the work will be welcomed by all those interested
in the flora of the region. The author’s taxonomic tendencies are
reflected in his segregation, from the Liliaceae, of the families
Melanthiaceae, Calochortaceae, Alliaceae, Convallariaceae, Dracaen-
aceae, Trilliaceae and Smilacaceae. t. a. s.

Ledger Bark and Red Bark. —In the article on this subject,
published in Kew Bulletin, 1932, No. 1, the quotation from King’s
Manual of Cinchona Cultivation in the fourth paragraph on page 10,
commencing “In 1886 the Nilgiri plantations . . .”, should read
“In 1866...”

Printed under the authority of His Majesty’s Stationery Office,
By the South Essex Recorders, Ltd., High Road, Ilford.

(877) Wt. 71/28 1126 7/82 SJJJLLtd, Gp.9

304

BULLETIN OF MISCELLAf^»
INFORMATION No. 7 1932

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

XLII.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF TROPICAL
AMERICA : XIII * A. H. G. Alston (British Museum).

Pteridophyta collected by the Oxford Expedition to British Guiana,
1929.

The collection enumerated here was made by Mr. P. W. Richards,
a member of the Oxford Expedition to British Guiana, 1929.

The expedition, under the leadership of Major R. W. G. Hingston,
spent nearly four months camping in the forest on the Moraballi
Creek, Essequibo River, from August to November. All the ferns
listed are from Moraballi Creek unless otherwise stated.

Mr. Richards collected 81 species, all but 4 of which were from
Moraballi Creek. 298 species (of Filices) are known from British
Guiana, but of this number 103 species are recorded only from
Roraima and the Canuku Mts., leaving 195 “ low-country ” species.
In addition, 1 species of Equisetum, 9 species of Lycopodium and 19
species of Selagindla are recorded. This total of 327 pteridophytes
compares favourably with that of Porto Rico, 285 (Maxon), but falls
short of the enormous total, 760, recorded by Knuth from Venezuela.
As the areas of these countries are so different it is evident that the
comparison of mere numbers is unsatisfactory. Mr. Sandwith
estimates the number of phanerogams found at Moraballi Creek at
550-600; if this be taken as 575, it would give a Pteridophyte
quotient of nearly 3$, using Raunkiaer's method (Bot. Tidsskr.
xxxvii, 148). Though Raunkiaer gives no figures for any continental
area in the tropics, this figure is about what might be expected as it is
similar to those given by tropical islands with continental floras, e.g.
Formosa 4, Hongkong 2-4, and much smaller than the figure given
by many oceanic islands, e.g. Tahiti 12*2, Seychelles 7-8.

The ferns of Moraballi Creek have markedly South American
affinities; and while 46 are only found south of a line drawn from
Panama to the Lesser Antilles, only 29 extend their range to the
north of this line. 35 species are recorded as terrestrial, 32 as
epiphytic, while 5 are extensive climbers, 2 both epiphytic and
terrestrial, and 2 found on rocks. Only 11 out of 35 terrestrial
species extend to Central America or the Greater Antilles, while 16
out of 32 epiphytic species have this range. The epiphytic species
are therefore mostly more widely distributed than the terrestrial
species. Of the epiphytic species 11 may be classed as tree-top
species, of which 6 extend to Mexico or the Greater Antilles.

♦Continued from KJB. 1932, 229.

305

Hymenophyllaceae.

Trichomanes (Fdea) diversifrons (Bory) Mett.

Wet, clayey sides of small stream in extreme shade, 47.

Distr. French Guiana (Sagot 744!), Panama {Cuming 1127 !),
Colombia {Barclay 895 1 ), N. Brazil {Spruce 2182 !) and Mexico (fide
Baker).

T. (F6ea) botryoides Klf.

Mixed with the preceding species, 47B.

Distr. Panama and Peru (fide Posthumus).

T. (Hemiphlebium) labiatum Jenm.

Trunk of small tree in undergrowth of Mora forest, 85; trunk of
small tree in damp, not very deeply shaded place, 222.

Distr. Endemic. Only collected once before at Bartica Grove,
Jenman 2348.

T. (Hemiphlebium) cordifolium {Fee) Alston , comb. nov.— Didy-
moglossum cordifolium F£e, Fil. Ant. t. 28, fig. 4 (1866). T. muscoides
Sw. var. cordifolium Jenm. B.W.I.F. 22 (1898).

Trunk of trees to about 8 ft. in damp forest near creek, 28 ; base
of large tree in mixed forest, 703.

Jenman states that his variety is exceedingly abundant in Trinidad
and Guiana. He evidently took a very wide view of the species as
he included many Old World specimens. T. muscoides Sw. has been
reduced to T. hymenoides Hedw. by Lindman (Ark. Bot. i. 12).
These specimens agree well with F6e’s figure, which appears to
represent a distinct species, separated from T. hymenoides Hedw. by
its orbicular, cordate fronds.

T. (Hemiphlebium) Kraussi Hk. et Gr.

Twigs of small tree in undergrowth of Mora forest, 64; tree
trunk in undergrowth, 320 ; trunk of small tree in opening in
Morabukea-Greenheart forest, 742.

Distr. W. Indies to Bolivia and Brazil.

T. (Lacostea) Aukersii Parker.

Small tree in damp Mora forest, 65 ; tree stump in sandy swamp
forest, 285 ; stem of young tree, 749.

Distr. Pard {Spruce !), Colombia {Barclay 905 1 ).

T. (Lacostea) pedicellatum Desv.

Trunk of small tree in damp place in deep shade, 25 ; trunk of
small tree near ground in Mora forest, 58.

Distr. Lesser Antilles and Pard {Spruce !).

T. (Pseudachomanes) arbuscula Desv.

Upper side of mossy trunk of tree overhanging creek, almost
submerged in wet season, 204; mossy rotting trunks in shady,
sandy forest, 183.

306

Distr. French Guiana, Surinam and Brazil. (Most W. Indian
specimens are referable to T. holopterum Kze.).

Pseudachomanes Presl (1849) is an older name than Ptilophyllum
v.d.B. (1861) non Morris (1841); moreover the latter was originally
proposed as a generic name.

T. (Neuromanes) pinnatum Hedw.

Dry, sandy bank, fairly light shade, 182.

Distr. W. Indies and Brazil.

Apparently best distinguished from T. pennatum Klf. by the
more numerous, shorter pinnae.

T. (Neuromanes) pennatum Klf.

Floor of Morabukea forest, sandy soil, deep shade, 6, 77.

Distr. Trinidad and Colombia.

As Neuromanes Trevis. has been granted generic rank by Presl,
F6e, Trevisan and v.d. Bosch, it seems worth retaining as a section.
The name Neurophyllum Presl is invalidated by NeurophyUum Torrey
et Gray. The species seem, through T. Vittaria DC., to be more
closely allied to FSea than to Ptilophyllum.

T. (Achomanes) Martiusii Fournier in Bull. Soc. Bot. Fr. xv. 148
(? Presl).

Mossy trunks of trees near ground, margin of creek, and other
light places in sandy forest, rare, 181; 92 ft. above ground in fork
of Dakamaballi tree among moss, Morabukea forest, 806.

Distr. Trinidad (Purdie !), French Guiana ( Sagot 777!), near
Para {Spruce !).

This appears to be this species in Fournier's sense, but seems
different from Martius’ figure. It is referred to T. pilosum Raddi by
Posthumus. I hesitate to propose a new name without a revision
of the whole group.

The genus Trichomanes was first described by Linnaeus,
Corollarium Plantarum, 29, no. 991, in 1737; he quoted only
Polyfodium crispum calyciferum Plum., which is T. cnspum Linn,
and is therefore the type. Now T. crispum is referred by Presl,
Hymenophyllaceae, p. 17, to his section Achomanes, while T.
pyxidiferum Linn, and T. scandens Linn, are referred by Presl to
Eutrichomanes . Presl must then have regarded one of these two
species as the type of Trichomanes. For this reason I have dropped
the sectional name Eutrichomanes . Prantl’s section Eutrichomanes
contained no Linnean species l

T. (Crepidomanes) hymenophylloides v.d.B.

Mossy granite boulders by small stream, 790.

Distr. Tropical America and Africa.

T. (Crepidomanes) eximium Kze. sensu lat.

Mossy trunk of small tree in very shady place, 37.

Distr. Mexico to Brazil.

307

Both this and the preceding species are included under T.
pyxidiferum Linn, by Posthumus.

T. (Davalliopsis) elegans Rich.

Hollow in tall mixed forest, clayey soil, rare, 203.

Distr. Lesser Antilles to Brazil and Colombia.

Hymenophyllum polyanthos (Sw.) Sw.

Trunk of small tree near ground in moist very shady place, 26 ;
mossy trunk overhanging creek, 33; horizontal mossy branch of
small tree in undergrowth in fairly well-lit place, 223 ; among moss
on upper branch 64 ft., 544 ; branch of Fukadi, 80 ft. above ground,
in Mora forest, 644.

Distr. Tropical America and Africa.

H. ciliatum (Sw.) Sw.

Small, mossy tree-trunk by creek, 34; upper branches of
Kautaballi, among moss, over 60 ft. from ground, 521.

Distr. Mexico to Southern Brazil.

Cyatheaceae.

Hemitelia strigosa (J. Sm.) Alston, comb. nov.— Alsophila
strigosa J. Sm. in Joum. Bot. i. 666 (1S42). Hemitelia Parkeri Hk.
Ic. Fil. vii. t. 643 (1844). Hemitelia multiflora var. Parkeri Bak. in
Mart. FI. Bras. i. pt. 2, 314 (1870).

Sandy soil in deep shade in Morabukea forest, 16; in clearing
in Greenheart forest, common in such places, 350 ; small clearing in
low bush, 400.

Distr. French Guiana, Surinam and North Brazil.

H. guianensis Hk. Ic. Fil. vii, t. 648 (1844).— H. multiflora Post¬
humus, Ferns Surinam, 30 (1928) pro parte, non Spreng.

Sandy bank of creek, edge of Morabukea forest, 1 ft. from the
water, 9 ; edge of creek, 31; sandy, rather swampy, low forest near
creek, common on creeks above camp, 180.

Distr. Endemic ?

The constantly different habitats of these closely allied species
are remarkable.

Amphidesmium rostratum (H. B. K .) J. Sm. in Joum. Bot. i. 201
(1842). Metaxya rostrata (H. B. K.) Presl, Tent. 60 (1836) ; Bower
in Ann. Bot. xxvii. 443-450 (19x3). Alsophila rostrata (H. B. K.)
Mart. Ic. Cr. Bras. 64, t. 39 (1834). Aspidium rostratum H. B. K.
Nov. Gen. & Sp. i. 12 (1815). Polypodium rostratum H. et B. ex
Willd. Sp. PL v. 193 (1810) non Burm. f. (1768). P. blechnoides
Rich, in Act. Soc. Nat. Hist. Par. i. 114 (1791) nomen. P. Hum-
boldtii Poir. EncycL Suppl. iv. 497 (1816). Alsophila blechnoides Hk.
Sp. Fil. 35 (1844).

Moraballi Creek, without notes, 7.

Distr. Northern South America to Peru and Brazil.

308

The interrupted annulus, as figured by Bower, l.c., t. 32, p. 9,
appears to constitute a good generic character.

Alsophila oblonga Kl.

On humus on the floor of Mora forest, 227 ; rocky forest by side
of stream, 750.

Distr. Surinam.

POLYPODIACEAE.

Stigmatopteris (Peltochlaena) varians {Fie) Alston , comb. nov.
—Nephrodium varians F6e, 11 mem. 88, t. 24, fig. 2 (1886). Dryop-
teris varians O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. ii. 814 (1891).

Bank of stream in forest, 22.

Distr. Trinidad.

A very rare species of which no specimen could be found either
at the British Museum or Kew.

Thelypteris (Ctenitis) funesta {Kunze) Alston , comb. nov.—
Dryopteris funesta (Kze.) Hieron. in Hedw. xvi. 347 (1907).
Aspidium funestum Kze. in Linnaea, ix. 96 (1834). Dryopteris
protensa var. funesta C. Chr. Mon. Dryopt. ii. 91 (1920).

Moraballi Creek, without label, 8 ; very deep shade on sandy
bank of stream in forest, 23 ; loamy soil, 51.

Distr. Panama and Lesser Antilles to North Brazil.

The generic name Filix Hill, Useful Fam. Herb. p. 141 (1754),
has not been employed because it appears to be inadequately
published as a genus (see Hill's preface, p. xiii).

The generic name first occurs, as O^Xurcreplc (QtjXos = female)
in the works of Theophrastus (332 B.C.) and Dioscorides (c. 100
A.D.). It was then used, according to the Loeb edition of
Theophrastus, for Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn. It was taken up
by Ruppius in 1718 in the “ Flora Jenensis " p. 322. Ruppius has
two species, Thelypteris (sphalmate Thdypeteris ) Dioscoridis Rupp.
{—Pteridium aquilinum) and Thelypteris pcdustris, non ramosa Rupp.
{—Thelypteris pcdustris Salisb.). He apparently regarded T.
Dioscoridis as the type as he discusses the differences ixomFilix under
that species.

Schmidel when he took up Ruppius’ genus in 1762 (I have not
seen the 1747 edition) chose the second species as the type.

It has been argued (Mackenzie in Amer. Fern Joum. xvii.
117-119) that Schmidel was making use of a uninominal nomen¬
clature : this is clearly untrue as he uses the name Commelina for
three distinct species (tt. xxx. xl & xlix). That Schmidel
regarded his names as generic is clear from p. 104 where he speaks of
Micheli's genus Sphaerocarpus. That Schmidel considered his genera
to be published is apparent from his proposal of a new genus
{Teganium, p. 67).

Thelypteris (Meniscium) serrata {Cav.) Alston , comb. nov.—
Dryopteris serrata (Cav.) C. Chr.

309

Cuynni River : Camaria landing, on swampy ground by stream
in second growth, 840.

Distr. Mexico and W. Indies, south to Brazil and Bolivia.

Tectaria plantaginea {J ac 1 -) Maxon in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. x.
494 (1908 ).—Polypodium plantagineum Jacq. Coll. Bot. ii. 104,
t. 3, fig. 1 (1788). Aspidium plantagineum Griseb. Abh. Ges. Wiss.
G8tt. vii. 286 (1857).

Lateritic soil on shady bank of stream in mixed forest, 752.
Distr. Costa Rica and W. Indies, southwards to Brazil.

T. trifoliata {Linn.) Cav. Descr. PI. p. 249 (1802 ).—Polypodium
trifoliatum Linn. Sp. Pl. 1087 (1753). Aspidium trifoliatum Sw. in
Schrad. Joum. Bot. 1800, 30 (1801).

With T. plantaginea, 753.

Distr. W. Indies to Colombia and Venezuela.

Cavanilles mentions Polypodium trifoliatum Linn, in his original
description of Tectaria, but the actual transfer was not made until
three years later. As it is the only species mentioned, it is clearly
the type.

Gyclodium meniscoides {Wittd.) Presl.

On tree trunks, 1 ft. from ground, in Morabukea forest, 15 ;
in low bush, on ground and epiphytic about 2 ft. from ground, 799.
Distr. Trinidad to Peru and North Brazil.

Polybotrya caudata Kze.

Rhizome climbs on large tree to 20-30 ft., palm swamp, 803
(sterile).

Distr. Trinidad and Panama to Brazil.

Bolbitis (Anapausia) semipinnatifida {Fie) Alston, comb. nov.—
Gymnopteris semipinnatifida Fde, Acrost. 83, t. 44 (1845).

Among rocks, on lacteritic soil, on banks of small stream, 756.
Distr. Trinidad {H. Prestoe !), Venezuela (Rusvy & Squires
360 !).

This species is separated from Bolbitis aliena {Sw.) Alston,
comb. nov. {Acrostichum alienum Sw.), by the scattered free veinlets
and broader, serrate lobes of its leaves.

The American ferns referred to Leptochilus by Christensen are
placed under Bolbitis Schott by Copeland (Phil. Joum. Sci. B.
xxxvii 335). This species and its allies are, as noted by Christensen
in Bot. Tidsskr. xxvi 285, only distantly related to Bolbitis serrati-
folia (Mert.) Schott, and should form a distinct section or subgenus,
for which the name Anapausia (Presl. pro gen.) is available. The
type of Anapausia was A. acuminata, a synonym of Bolbitis
nicotianifolia {Sw.) Alston, comb. nov. (Acrostichum nicotiani-
folitm Sw.).

Oleandra arricalata {Sw.) Presl, Tent. 78 (1836); Maxon in
Contr. U.S. Nat, Herb, xvii, 394 (1913 ).—Aspidium articulatum

3x0

Sw. in Schrad. Joum. Bot. 1800, ii. 30 (1801). A. nodosum WiUdL
Sp. PI. v. 211 (1810). Oleandra nodosa Presl, Lc.

Trunk of Greenheart, 57 ft. from ground, edge of Mora forest,
373-

Distr. Guatemala and W. Indies to Bolivia and S. Brazil.

Nephrolepis rivularis (Vahl) Mett.

Large clump on humus at foot of large Mora tree in damp, fairly
well-lit place, 224; on fallen tree in light forest, 53 (sterile and
therefore doubtful).

Distr. W. Indies and Southern Mexico to Brazil.

Saccoloma inaequale (Kze.) Mett.

Loamy forest floor in deep shade, 54; Mora forest, 153 ; floor of
forest in deep shade, 225.

Distr. W. Indies and Mexico to Northern South America.
Lindsaya dubia Spreng.

Loamy soil in opening in forest, 148 ; clearing in same tuft as 113
(L. surinamensis) , scarce, 114.

Distr. Venezuela and N. Brazil.

L. falcata Dryand.

Sandy soil, floor of forest in moist places, frequent, 21 (?); loamy
soil in opening in forest, 147 ; low sandy forest, 184; wet place,
404.

Distr. Panama and Lesser Antilles, southwards to Brazil and
Colombia.

L. surinamensis Posth.

Clearing, scarce, 113 ; loamy soil in opening in forest with 147
(L. falcata) and 148 (L. dubia), 154.

Distr. Surinam.

A new record for British Guiana. Identification from
Posthumus’ figure.

L. guianensis ( Aubl.) Dryand.

Humus at base of tree, Morabukea forest, 30; sandy soil,
Morabukea and Waliaba forest, rather light, 347 ; open Wallaba
forest on alluvial soil, 465.

Distr. French Guiana and Surinam, Lesser Antilles ?

L. crenata Klotzsch.

Loamy floor of dark forest, 55.

Distr. Endemic.

This species is not represented at the British Museum or at Kew
and I am indebted to Dr. C. Christensen for the identification.

L. nitidissima Rich, ex WiUd . Sp. PL 423 (1810).— L. lancea Posth.
Ferns. Surinam, 75 (1928).

Sandy ground in forest near creek, 32 ; in low bush on sandy
creek bank, 156 ; on ground in open, rather sandy forest, 281; in
clearing in Greenheart forest, 351; without notes, 467.

Distr. Trinidad and Brazil.

Asplenium serratum Linn.

Moraballi Creek, without notes, 76.

Distr. W. Indies and Mexico to Brazil.

A. cuneatum Lamk.

Among moss on large bush-rope near ground in palm swamp, 802.
Distr. W. Indies, Surinam and Venezuela.

A. salicifolium Linn. Sp. PI. 1080 (1753); Maxon in Contr.
U.S. Nat. Herb. x. 476 (1908).— A. semicordatum Raddi; Posth.
Ferns Surinam, 82 (1928).

Fallen tree in mixed forest, 140.

Distr. Mexico and W. Indies to Colombia and Brazil.

Salpichlaena volubilis (Kl. f.) J. Sm. in Hk. Gen. t. 93 (1841)—.
Blechnum volubile Klf. Enum. 159 (1824).

Fairly light place by small creek in swamp forest, 318.

Distr. Guatemala and Lesser Antilles to Colombia and South
Brazil.

S. Hookeriana ( 0 . Ktze.) Alston, comb. nov.— Spicanta Hookeriana
O. Ktze. Rev. Gen. ii. 821 (1891). Lomaria volubilis Hk. Sp. Fil.
iii. 39, t. 150 (i860). Blechnum volubile var. lomarioidea Bak. in
Mart. FI. Bras. i. pt. 2, 428 (1870).

Rather light places by stream, 20 (sterile and therefore doubtful).
Distr. Brazil and French Guiana.

Distinguished from S. volubilis by its lomarioid fertile pinnules
and membranous sterile leaflets.

Stenochlaena japurensis {Mart.) Griseb.; Underw. in Bull. Torn
Bot. Cl. xxxiii. 598 (1906).—S. marginata Posth. Ferns Surinam, 91
(1928).

On small trees and shrubs in the undergrowth, 306; climbing
to about 4 ft. on young tree in low bush, 758; near first falls of
Cuyuni River, climbing up tree 10 ft., swampy low bush, 819.

Distr: French Guiana, Trinidad and Brazil.

Underwood, l.c. 595, states that " if the description is correct, the
plant [Stenochlaena marginata (Schrad.) C. Chr.] is not even a
Stenochlaena"

Pityrogramma calomelanos {Linn.) Link, Handb. Gewachs. iii.
19 (1833), errore calomda ; Maxon in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. xvii.
173 (1913).— Ceropteris calomelanos (Linn.) Und. in Bull. Torr. Bot.
CL xxix. 632 (1902).

Old camp site by creek, 202.

312

Distr. Tropical America, Africa and Asia. Adventive in many
localities.

Pityrogramma is an older generic name for Ceropteris.

Adiantum (Hewardia) olivaceum Bah.

Loamy soil on steep rocky slope in mixed forest, 754.

Distr. Venezuela.

A. phyllitidis J. Sm.

With A. olivaceum Bak., 755. Also on lateritic soil.

Distr. Surinam, Venezuela, Peru and Guadeloupe (fide
Posthumus).

A. obliquum Willd.

Cuyuni River; Camaria landing, under bushes in secondary
growth, 842.

Distr. French Guiana, Surinam and Panama.

Some of the fronds of these specimens are bipinnate and the
intemodes vary in length, but the distinct midribs point to this
species rather than to A. laiifoliim Lamk. as interpreted by Post¬
humus. Posthumus’ key does not work well for this species.

A. tomentosum Kl.

In deep shade in sandy hollow near river, 26.

Distr. French Guiana, Surinam and North Brazil.

A. hirtum Splitg.

Loamy soil on floor of Morabukea forest, 335.

Distr. Surinam and French Guiana.

Adiantum terminatum Kze.

Loamy soil on floor of dark forest, 52 ; in low bush, 800.

Distr. Surinam, French Guiana and North Brazil.

Only recorded from the Canuku Mts. in British Guiana, but
apparently common in Surinam.

Pteridium arachnoideum ( Klf'.) Maxon in Joum. Wash. Ac. Sc.
xiv. 89 (1924).— Pteris arachnoidea Klf. Enum. 190 (1824). Cincin-
alis arachnoidea Trevis. Syll. Sporoph. Ital i. 31 (1874). Pteris
aquilina var. arachnoidea Bak. in Mart. FI. Bras. i. pt. 2,403, t. 24,
f. 11-13 (1870). P. aquilina var. esculenta Hk. Sp. Fil. ii. 197 (1858).

Cuyuni River; Camaria landing, secondary growth by portage
road, 839.

Distr. W. Indies and Mexico; southwards to Argentina (fide
Maxon).

Distinguished from P. aquilinum (L.) Kuhn and all other species
except Pteridium esculentum (Forst.) Nakai by the presence of shal¬
low rounded lobes in the decurrent portion of the pinnules. The
fronds of P. esculentum are glabrous beneath, those of P. arachnoideum
are downy on the rhachis and costa. The generic name Filix Ludw.
(1857) appears to have a good claim to replace Pteridum Gled. ex
Scop., which was a nomen abortivum.

313

Cochlidium linearifolium ( Desv.) Maxon; C. Chr. in Bot. Ark.
vi. 18 (1929).— Monogramme lineanfolia Desv. in Berl. Mag. v. 302,
t. 7» fig- 5 (1811).

Mossy branches of small trees near ground on edge of creek, 115 ;
mossy branches of tree overhanging creek, 185 ; upper branches of
Kokiritiballi tree, 438.

Distr. Colombia.

Hecistopteris pumila (Spreng.) J. Sm.

Trunks of small trees among mosses, near edge of creek, 27;
base of small tree in Morabukea forest, 82 ; tree trunk in ground in
low, sandy forest, 208.

Distr. Mexico and W. Indies to Brazil.

Christ, in Hedwigia xliv. 366, has described three subspecies of
H. pumila, but I am unable from his descriptions to identify these
specimens with any of them.

Polytaenium guayanense ( Huron .) Alston, comb. nov.— Antro-
phyum guayanense Hieron. in Hedw. lvii. 212 (1916).

Trunk of small tree in fairly open, sandy forest, 200 ; trunk of
tree a few feet up, 760.

Distr. Trinidad, French Guiana and Surinam (Me Hieronymus.)
Doubtfully distinct from P. Jenmani (Bened.) Bened. & P.
cajenense (Desv.) Bened., of which I have seen no authentic material.

Anetium citrifolium {Linn.) Splitg.

Trunk of small tree near ground (c. 3 ft.) in swampy Mora forest,
369 ; among moss, creeping up trunk of small tree in undergrowth of
Mora forest, 628.

Distr. Guatemala and W. Indies to Northern Brazil.

Eschatogramme Desvauxii ( 127 .) C. Chr. in Dansk Bot. Ark. vi.
24 (1929).— Taenitis Desvauxii Kl. in Linnaea xx. 431 (1847).
Eschatogramme furcata Posth. Ferns Surinam p. 120 (1928) non C.
Chr.

Branch of Morabukea tree, 36, 73, occasional on tall trees, more
rarely on 20 ft. trees ; fallen from tree, 157.

Distr. Trinidad, French Guiana, Surinam to Brazil.

Polypodium (Ctenopteris) duale Maxon in Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb,
xvii, 399 (1913).— P. serrulatum (Sw.) Mett. Fil. Hort. Lips. 30 (1856)
non Sw. (1801).

Mossy branches of small trees overhanging creek, 116 ; on felled
tree in “ mainap,” 349.

Distr. Mexico and W. Indies to Brazil, also in West Africa and
in Mauritius.

I have not used Eupolypodium as a subgeneric name because
Christensen (Dansk Bot. Ark. v. no. 22, 6) states that the affinity
of Polypodium vulgare is with the subgenus Goniophlebium.
Ctenopteris (Blume pro gen.) may be distinguished as a subgenus.

3 M

Polypodium (Ctenopteris) nanum Fie.

Upper branches of tall tree, 81; upper part of main trunk of tall
tree, ioo ; trunk of small tree 6 ft. from ground in Wallaba forest,
632.

Distr. French Guiana and Brazil.

I am indebted to Dr. W. R. Maxon for the identification of this
and the following species.

P. consimile Mett.

Mossy trunk of small tree in opening in Morabukea-Greenheart
forest, 746.

Distr. Venezuela and Colombia.

Campyloneurum phyllitidis {Linn.) Presl, Tent. 190, t. 7, figs.
18-20 (1836 ).—Polypodium phyllitidis Linn. Sp. PI. 1083 (1753).

Trunk of small tree 3 ft. from ground, in swampy Mora forest,
368 ; stem sapling, 3 ft. from ground in wet forest, 797.

Distr. W. Indies, Florida and Mexico to Uruguay.

Microsorium (Anapeltis) surinamense {Jacq .) Alston , comb,
nov .—Polypodium surinamense Jacq. Coll. iii. 85, t. 21, fig. 3 (1798).
P. lycopodioides var. surinamensis Kl. in Linnaea xx. 403 (1847).

On fallen tree in dark forest, 50 ; mossy branches near top of tall
forest tree, 75.

Distr. French Guiana, Surinam and Brazil.

M. (Anapeltis) Thurnii {Bak.) Alston, comb. nov .—Polypodium
Thurnii Bak. in Ann. Bot. v. 476 (1891).

Trunk of tree 10 ft. up, in swamp forest, 256.

Distr. French Guiana and Surinam.

M. (Microgramma) persicariaefolium {Schrad.) Alston, comb,
nov .—Polypodium persicariaefolium Schrad. in Goett. Gel. Anz. 867
(1824). Microgramma persicariaefolia Presl, Tent. 214, t. 9, fig. 7
(1836).

Near first falls on Cuyuni River, creeping on upper side of
boughs of small tree overhanging river, 851.

Distr. Brazil, French Guiana and Surinam.

Copeland, in his review of Microsorium (Univ. Calif. Publ. xvi.
in-113, 1929), makes no mention of Anapeltis J. Sm. or Micro-
gramma Presl. Hence it is possible that he considered that they
should be regarded as distinct genera.

Marginaria ciliata {Willd.) Alston , comb. nov .—Polypodium
ciliatum Willd. Sp. PI. v. 144 (1810).

On trunk of tree in wet place in Mora forest, 370.

Distr. Costa Rica and Trinidad to Bolivia and Brazil.

Tidestrom (in Torreya, v. 171) retains the genus Marginaria, but
Copeland makes no mention of it. Christensen, however, states that
“ it is very probable that the genus Lepicystis, as defined by Diels [i.e.,
Marginaria], is a natural one/' (Dansk Bot. Ark. v. 22, p. 6).

315

M. tecta {Klf.) Alston, comb. nov .—Polypodium tectum Klf. Enum.
87 (1824).

Upper branches of Baromalli tree, 221; upper branches of Futui
tree, 344.

Distr. Colombia to Peru and South Brazil.

Elaphoglossum Herminieri {Bory & Fee) Moore.

Trunk of Dakamaballi tree in fork among moss, 92 ft. from ground
Morabukea forest, 816.

Distr. Guatemala, W. Indies, French Guiana and Surinam.

E. rigidum {Aubl.) Urban in Symb. Ant. ix. 375 (1925) pro parte.—
Polypodium rigidum Aubl. PI. Gui. ii. 963 (1775). Acrostichum
flaccidum Fee, Acrost. xxxiii. t. 7 (1845). Elaphoglossum flaccidum
Moore, Ind. Fil. 356 (1862).

Trunk of fallen tree in swamp forest near creek, 29; trunk of
small tree, 2 ft. from ground, in well-lit, sandy Mora forest, 600.
Distr. W. Indies and French Guiana.

Aublet’s type in Herb. Mus. Brit, belongs to this species and not
to E. longifolium J. Sm.

Elaphoglossum glabellum J. Sm.

Upper mossy branches of tall forest trees, 74.

Distr . W. Indies and Colombia to Bolivia and Brazil.

E. pteropus C. Chr.

On tree in moist forest, 143 ; on tree in sandy swampy forest, 282.
Distr. W. Indies and French Guiana.

SCHIZAEACEAE.

Schizaea fluminensis Miers ex Sturm, FI. Bras. i. pt. 2,184,1.15,
f. 2 (1859 ).—Lophidium fluminense Und. in North Am. FI. xvi. 38
(1909).

On thick carpet of dead leaves in deep shade in Morabukea
forest, 257; on thick carpet of dead leaves with saprophytes in
Morabukea forest, 333.

Distr. French Guiana and Brazil.

Lygodium micans Sturm in Mart. FI, Bras. i. pt. 2, 178 (1859).—
L. volubile Posth. Ferns Surinam, 162 (1928) pp. non Sw.

Rather light places by stream, gregarious, 20A ; forming dead
masses on trees on river bank to 25 ft. on island in Cuyuni River,
near Lower Camaria landing, 818.

Distr. Trinidad (Fendler 31 1 ).

Marattiaceae.

Danaea simplicifolia Pudge.

On foamy soil, 332; wet herby slopes of gully in Wallaba forest,
352 .

Distr. French Guiana, Surinam and Brazil.

316

D. elliptica Sm.

Muddy ground in Mora forest by small black-water creek, 703 ;
stony and muddy ground by small stream, also on damp slopes near
by, 751.

Distr. Mexico and W. Indies to Brazil.

Lycopodiaceae.

Lycopodium dichotomum Jacq.

Near first falls on Cuyuni River, about 10 ft. from ground among
moss on fallen tree in Mora forest, 844.

Distr. Mexico and W. Indies to Guiana (fide Underwood
& Lloyd in Bull. Torr. Bot. Club, xxxiii. ill).

L. cernuum Linn.

Small clearing in low bush, 401.

Distr . Pantropic.

Selaginellaceae.

Selaginella affinis A. Br. (? S. rigida Linden).

Under bushes in second growth forming dense herbage, 841.
Distr. French Guiana.

S. producta Bah.

Small clearing in fairly open sandy forest, 196 ; mossy bog near
creek, 268.

Distr. Venezuela, Brazil and Trinidad.

S. dendricola Jenm.

Wet sandy bank of stream in veiy deep shade, scarce, 19.

Distr. Endemic.

S. Parkeri (Hk. <§• Gr .) Spring.

Rotting log in Morabukea forest, frequent, 14, 78.

Distr. French Guiana.

XLIII.—DECADES KEWENSES. Plantarum No varum in
Herbario Horti Regii Conservatarum. DECAS CXXVIII.

1271. Mouriria Marshallii Burtt Davy et Sandwith [Melastoma-
ceae-Memecyleae]; M. acutiflorae Naud. affinis, pedicellis basi ipsa
tantum articulatis, corolla ante expansionem petalorum late ovoideo-
acuminata, connectivo antherarum multo longius calcarato, calcari
loculis longiore differt.

Arbor excelsa usque 30 m. alta, ramulis annotinis cinereis
corrugulatis glabris, horaotinis olivaceis usque rubescentibus fere
laevibus glabris, intemodiis x-4 cm. longis. Folia lanceolata, rarius
ovato-lanceolata vel elliptica, apice conspicue acuminata, basi
cuneata attenuata vel obtusa, 6-11*5 cm. longa, 2-5*5 cm. lata,
chartacea, glabra, costa supra valde impressa subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus circiter 10-12 utrinque subaequaliter satis immersis

317

distinctis sed baud conspicuis patulis marginem versus anastomo-
santibus; petiolus glaber, 4-6 mm. longus, 1-1-5 mm. diametro.
Inflorescentiae in ramis annotinis axillares, umbellato-cymosae,
vulgo 3-6-florae, glabrae ; pedunculus brevissimus, 1-3 mm. longus
vel subnullus ; bracteae bracteolaeque delapsae; pedicelli costato-
striati, flexuosi, 0 - 8 -I -5 cm. longi, basi ipsa articulati ibique ut
videtur bracteolati. Calyx late turbinatus, tubo 3-4 mm. longo
extra minute lepidoto basi haud gibboso, ore ad 7*5 mm. lato sub-
truncato lobis vel dentibus triangularibus ad 1 mm. longis atque
latis demum sinuato-reflexo. Corolla matura nondum expansa late
ovoideo-acuminata, ad 8-5 mm. longa, basi ad 7 mm. lata, glabra nec
extra furfuraceo-tomentella; petala 5, siccitate lutea, ovato-
acuminata, matura fere ad 9 mm. longa, ad 6 mm. lata. Stamina
filamentis apicem versus attenuatis ad 7-5 mm. longis; antherae
loculis vix ad 2 mm. longis, dorso glandula oblonga 0-7 mm. longa
instructae, connectivo postice conspicue circiter 3 mm. calcarato.
Ovarium biloculare, vertice depresso radiato-costato atque margine
lobato, stylo 1-5 cm. longo ; ovula 6. Bacca globosa, ad 2 cm.
diametro, monosperma.

Trinidad. New Grant, July 1931, F. R. Andrews in Herb.
Trin. 12575 (type in Kew Herb, and in Herb. Imp. Forestry Institute,
Oxford). North Trace, Victoria, June 1930, R. C. Marshall and C.
Swabey in Herb. Trin. 12385. Without locality, Aug. 1876, Prestoe
in Herb. Kew. Without locality, July 1930, R . C. Marshall in Herb.
Imp. Forestry Institute, Oxford, 27437.

Vernacular name, " Bois Lisette.”

“ A big tree, reaching a height in the neighbourhood of 100 ft.,
with a girth of 8 ft. or so. The wood is yellowish, with a curious
white streak, almost as if it were attacked by fungus ; there is no
doubt, however, that the streak is not due to fungus, it is typical
of the species."— Marshall.

1272. Isotoma anethifolia Summerhayes [Lobeliaceae]; affinis
I. axillari Lindl. a qua foliis angustioribus segmentis longioribus,
floribus albis, corollae lobis anterioribus oblanceolatis latioribus,
tubo circiter 1-4 cm. longo differt.

Herba ? perennis, erecta, usque 50 cm. alta, fere glabra. Caules
multi, satis ramosi, teretes. Folia altema, pinnatipartita, ambitu
elliptico-lanceolata, usque 8 cm. longa, parte media indivisa usque
2 mm. lata, segmentis valde inaequalibus, longioribus utrinsecus 3-4
distantibus linearibus usque 2 cm. longis et 1-5 mm. latis brevioribus
usque dentiformibus basin versus interdum dente brevi instructis.
Flores ex axillis foliorum superiorum orti; pedicelli suberecti, usque
15 cm. longi. Sepala lineari-subulata, acuta, recurvata, 6-7 mm.
longa, basi 1-5 mm. lata, infeme anguste alata. Corolla alba; tubus
cylmdricus, medio leviter constrictus, x*3-i-5 cm. longus, 3 mm.
diametro; lobi 2 posteriores oblongo-elliptici, acute acuminati,
I *2-i-5 cm. longi, 4-5 mm. lati, 3 anteriores oblanceolati, cuspidato-
apiculati, 1*3-1-6 cm. longi, 6-^9 mm. lati, intermedio basi callis

318

duobus semicircularibus instructo. Antherae pubescentes, 2 inferi-
ores apice seta singula recta instructae. Stylus infeme pubescens,
supeme glaber; stigma apice dilatatum, bilabiatum, annulo pilorum
instructum ; ovarium obconicum, circiter 5 mm. longum. Capsula
obconica vel cylindrico-obconica, circiter 1 cm. longa; semina
nigra, oblongo-cylindrica, 07 mm. longa.

Queensland : Stanthorpe, in crevices of granite rocks in open
forest on an exposed mountain top, 990 m., March 1930, Hubbard
5693 (type); flowered at Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in June
1932, from seed of same.

New South Wales : near Tenterfield, C. Stuart.

Flowers white, with faint mauve line down centre of anterior
petal lobes. Calli at base of median anterior lobe bright green..

This species was included by Bentham under I. axillaris Lindl.
in Flora Australiensis, but is easily distinguished by the characters
given in the diagnosis. It is known at present only from the neigh¬
bourhood of the New South Wales-Queensland border as the two
localities given show, but it may also occur farther south in New
England.

1273. Pasania craterophora C. E. C. Fischer [Fagaceae] ; ab
omnibus congeneribus cupulis magnis crateriformibus, marginibus
expansis vel recurvis differt.

Arbor excelsa. Ramuli brunnei vel pallide brunnei, glabri,
lenticellis verruculosi; innovationes velutino-pubescentes. Folia
rigide chartacea vel subcoriacea, oblonga, apice rotundata vel
emarginata, abrupte cuspidata, basi rotundata vel brevissime
cuneata, saepe subinaequilateralia, glabra, 14-35 cm. longa, 9-17 cm.
lata, marginibus integris subrevolutis, costa cum nervis primariis
10-12-jugis regularibus distantibus infra prominente, secundariis
inconspicuis inter primarios scalariformibus ; petioli robusti, glabri,
rugulosi, sicci nigri, 1-2 cm. longi. Inflorescentia terminalis, simplex
vel ramosa, unisexualis vel spicis inferioribus superioribus $, non-
nullis saepe infeme $ apicem versus Spicae erectae vel erecto-
patentes, rhachide furfuraceo-puberula, sulcata, graciles, rectae,
8-24 cm. longae, floribus aggregatis regulariter vel interrupte dispos-
itis; spicae $ (vel spicarum polygamarum partes $) robustae, 12-32 cm.
longae, floribus solitariis raro binis. Flos mas 2*5 mm. diametro;
perianthii lobi 6, triangulari-lanceolati, 1 mm. longi, puberuli;
stamina 15, filamentis gracilibus usque 3-5 mm. longis; pistillodium
hemisphaericum, velutinum. Flos femineus 3 mm. longus, basi
bracteis numerosis minutis ligulatis brunneo-puberulis circumdatus ;
perianthii lobi 6-7, triangulares, intus dense albo-hirti; styli 3,
nonnunquam 4, 1 mm. longi, fere erecti, subtrigoni; ovarium
albo-hirtum, 2-4- (plerumque 3-) loculare. Pedunculus fructifer
robustissimus, valde curvatus (an semper?). Fructus congest! sed
haud coalescentes. Cupula lignosa, crateriformis, marginibus valde
revolutis saepe faciei exteriori cupulae adpressis atque sic lateraliter

319

compressis ut plicae 5-7 radiantes fiant, 4*3-5'5 cm. diametro,
1-8-2*5 cm. alta, extra fere laevis, inconspicue pluriannulata, annulis
circiter 7 irregularibus leviter elevatis, undiqne pubescens, intus
basi valde umbonata; pedicelli robusti, 3-4 mm. longi. Gians a
cupula libera, circiter duas partes exserta, late oblonga, 2-6-2-9 cm.
longa, 2-1-2-6 cm. lata, apice rotundata, breviter apiculata, basi
alte excavata, in umbone intracupulari sessilis, apice leviter
puberulo excepto glabra, pericarpio lignoso 3-5 mm. crasso.

Malay Peninsula. Pahang: Ulu Pahang, 200-300 ft., H .
Ritchings (type).

A tall buttressed tree, 60-70 ft. high and 5 ft. in girth 3^ feet
above ground level (immediately above the buttresses). The
vernacular name “ Berengan ” is applied to all species of Pasania and
Quercus in the region.

1274. Eria (§ Xiphosium) Hindei Summerhayes [Orchidaceae-
Kerosphaereae]; ab E. carinata Gibson et E. rosea Lindl. floribus
multo minoribus extra sparse pubescentibus, labello fere simplici
facile distinguenda.

Herba epiphytica, rhizomate repente. Pseudobulbi 1-2 cm.
distantes, ovoidei vel elongato-ovoidei, 2-4 cm. longi, 1-1*5 cm.
diametro, apice monophylli, cataphyllis 5-8 acutis membranaceis
vaginantibus vestiti. Folia vematione conduplicata, oblongo-
linearia, apice breviter inaequaliter acute bilobulata, 13-17 cm.
longa, 1-7-2*7 cm. lata, coriacea, basi in petiolum circiter 2-4 cm.
longum angustata. Inflorescentiae ex axdlis cataphyllorum super-
iorum ortae, erectae, 4-8 cm. longae, laxe multiflorae; rhachis
teres, pubescens; bracteae ovatae vel lanceolato-ovatae, acutae,
fere glabrae, 3-4 mm. longae, ovarium pedicellatum superantes.
Flores patentes, ovario pedicellato breviter pubescente. Sepalum
intermedium oblongo-lanceolatum, obtusum, 5 mm. longum, 2 mm.
latum; sepala lateralia oblique et leviter falcatim lanceolata,
obtusa, 5*5-6 mm. longa, juxta basin 2*5-3 mm. lata ; omnia sepala
extra sparse breviter pubescentia, ciliata. Petala anguste oblonga,
obtusa vel subacuta, 5 mm. longa, 1-5 mm. lata, margine minute
denticulata, glabra. Ldbellum sessile, recurvatum, simplex vel
obscure trilobum, ambitu ovatum, subacutum, medio concavum,
4 mm. longum, 3 mm. latum, lobulis lateralibus rotundatis ab
intermedio vix sejunctis, lobo intermedio triangulari camoso,
labellum in disco callis duobus lateralibus lanceolatis apice liberis
acutis et linea media incrassata instructum. Columna 1 mm. longa,
pede fere 2 mm. longo ; anthera obtusa.

Assam. Locality not known, communicated in 1926 by Mr. G.
L. Hinde and flowered at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in 1928
and succeeding years.

Sepals and petals pinkish-buff with darker stripes. Lip dull
pink, paler towards edges. Column as sepals; pollinia bright yellow.

A striking, small-flowered species of sect. Xiphosium which
resembles E. rosea Lindl. extremely closely in vegetative features.

321

except for the rather narrower leaves, but which is totally different
in the flowers. These have the appearance of sect. Hymeneria, the
rhachis and pedicels being pubescent while the sepals are sparsely
so. In my opinion E. clausa King & Pantling is incorrectly placed
in sect. Xiphosium by Kraenzlin and is more at home in sect.
Hymeneria . The sub-section Comolutae of sect. Xiphosium in
Kraenzlin’s monograph is best treated as a distinct section as already
done by Schlechter and J. J. Smith.

1275. Cyperus (§ Luzuloidei) Altsoni Kiikenthal [Cyperaceae-
Cyperinae]; affinis C. Hieronymi Boeck., a qua bracteis tantum 4-5,
spiculis oblongo-cylindraceis 20-30 mm. longis 5 mm. latis usque
ad 50-floris, necnon squamis multo longioribus stramineis obtusius-
culis differt.

Rhizoma abbreviation, lignosum. Culmus 25-30 cm. altus,
robustus, triqueter, apice scabriusculus, basi plurifoliatus. Folia
culmum superantia, 12 mm. lata, plana, nervis 3 prominentibus
percursa, marginibus scabra, basin versus attenuata, apice longe
acuminata; vaginae longae, durae, purpureae. Bracteae 4-5,
inferiores anthelam longe superantes. Anthela semicomposita,
diffusa, 6-8-radiata; radii divergentes, rigidi, usque 8 cm. longi,
partim indivisi, partim apice 2-5-ramulosi; radioli breves, 1 cm.
longi, vel subsessiles, ex ocreis longis purpureis postice biaristatis
exsurgentes. Spiculae 3-6-natim digitatae, compressae, oblongo-
cylindricae, 2-3 cm. longae, 5 mm. latae, dense multi- (usque 50-)
florae. Rhachilla rigida, exalata. Squamae dense imbricatae,
majusculae, fere 5 mm. longae, lanceolato-ovatae, obtusiusculae,
valde carinatae, in dorso laete viridi trinervi scabrae, lateribus
stramineis obsolete striatis celluloso-reticulatis. Nux parvula,
quartam partem squamae aequans, late ovalis, trigona, breviter
pedicellata, apiculata, atro-brunnea, dense punctulata. Stamen 1 ;
filamentum dilatum. Stylus et stigmata 3 mm. longa.

British Guiana. Maicwac River, Kopinang River, by riverside
in sand, 480 m., April 1926, Altson 492 (type).

1276. Cyperus (§ Pulchrae) subtenax Kiikenthal [Cyperaceae-
Cyperinae] ; affinis C. tenaci Boeck., sed rhizomate elongato crasso,
cuhnis acute triangularibus (nec obsolete trigonis), anthela capitata
globosa et nux lineari-oblonga (nunquam obovato-oblonga) differt.

Rhizoma elongatum, lignosum, crassum. Culmi approximati,
20-40 cm. alti, graciles, stricti, acute triangulares, laeves, basi
vaginis duris integris brunneis vestiti. Folia pauca, dimidiam
partem culmi aequantia, rigida, canaliculata vel complicata, angusta.
Bracteae 2, haud longae, pungentes, ima culmum quasi continuans.
Anthela capitata, e spicis pluribus confiuentibus sessilibus formata,
globosa, 8-10 mm. di am etro. Spiculae multae, lineares, 5-6 mm.
longae, 1 mm. latae, subcompressae, usque 20-florae. Rhachitta
tenuis, exalta. Squamae subdense imbricatae, apice patulae,
chartaceae, oblongo-ovatae, obtusae, lateribus sanguineae, e dorso

322

stramineo-viridi trinervi breviter mucronatae. Nux squamam
subaequans, lineari-oblonga, trigona. Stylus brevis. Stigmata 3.

Angola : Benguella, country of the Ganguellas and Ambuellas,
Kassungo, 18 Oct. 1906, Gossweiler 3270 (type in Kew Herb, and in
Brit. Mus. Herb.).

1277. Isachne Meeboldii C. E. C. Fischer [Gramineae-Paniceae];
I. albenti Trin. proxima, sed foliis multo longioribus pilis basi
bulbosis, spiculis majoribus, glumarum setis basi bulbosis divert.

Herb a perennis, caespitosa; innovationes intravaginales Caules
fere a basi ramosi, erecti, rigidi, glabri, usque 70 cm. alti;
nodi inferiores inflati, sub inflatione constricti et colore fusciores;
intemodia 4-11-5 cm. longa. Folia caulem usque ad
infiorescentiam induentia ; vaginae laxae, inferiores saepe intemodio
longiores, glabrae, pilis rigidis basi bulbosis ciliatae; ligulae ad
lineam pilorum rigidorum redactae; laminae (exteme a vaginis
aegre distinguendae) lineares, dimidio superiore in apicem acutum
vel acuminatum augustatae, 15-30 cm. longae, 0-5-1 cm. latae,
multicostatae, costa media infra glabra prominente, costis utraque
pagina pilis brevibus vel longiuscuUs basi bulbosis plus minus vestitis,
margimbus incrassatis cartilagineis scabris. Panicnlae pyramidales,
demum effusae, usque 13 cm. longae; rhachis gracilis, sulcata,
glabra ; rami quaquaversi, erecto-patentes, filiformes, glabri, usque
22 cm. longi, angulati; pedicelli solitarii, capillares, apice leviter
ampliati. Spiculae globosae, 2-5 mm. longae. Glumae membran-
aceae, subaequales, suborbiculares, concavae, obtusae, indistincte
7-nerviae, exceptis setis paucis basi bulbosis in dimidio superiore sitis
glabrae, 2-2-2-5 mm. longae, superiore quam inferiore paullo minore,
stramineae vel plus minus purpureae. Floscidi 2, bermaphroditi,
subaequales, hemisphaerici. Lemmata coriacea, orbicularia, 1-5-
1-8 mm. longa, superiore quam inferiore subminore, marginibus
involuta, extra puberula, pallide straminea, apice saepe purpurea
vel nigra. Paleae coriaceae, marginibus incurvis hyalims, parte
inoperta extra puberula. Caryopsis non visa.

South India. Mysore: Shimoga, 2000-3000 ft., Oct., A.
Meebold 10,747 (type), 10,746; Kumsi, 2000-3000 ft., Oct., A.
Meebold 10,745 : " in rice fields, stiffly erect.” (Duplicates of all
3 numbers are in Calc. Herb.)

1278. Isachne Angladei C. E . C. Fischer [Gramineae-Paniceae] ;
I. himalaicae Hook. fil. proxima, sed caulibus scandentibus, foliorum
nervis paucioribus, marginibus haud incrassatis, pilis ligularibus
multo brevioribus, spiculis glumis lemmatibus anguste ellipticis
differt.

Suffrutex ramosissimus, scandens, ultra 1-2 m. longus (longitudine
maxima ignota). Caules graciles, bambusiformes, glabri, tota
longitudine foliosi; nodi tumidi, intemodiis 1-8-11-5 cm - longis.
Foliorum vaginae primum involutae, arete clausae, dein laxae,
plerumque intemodiis multo breviores, interdum longiores, glabrae.

323

marginibus ciliatae, ad furcationes facile fractae atque deciduae;
ligula e pilis brevibus rigidis sistens ; laminae rigidiusculae, angust-
issime lineari-lanceolatae, acuminatae, basi rotundatae atque plus
minus ciliatae, 5-15 cm. longae, 3-6 mm. latae, 7-9-costatae,
glabrae, marginibus minute scaberulae. Paniculae pyramidales,
effusae, 6-8 cm. longae, glabrae; rhachis gracilis, sulcata; rami
quaquaversi, capillares, nodis tumidis et nonnunquam minute
puberulis; pedicelli solitarii, capillares, apice levissime ampliati.
Spiculae anguste elliptico-obovatae, 2*4 mm. longae. Glumae
membranaceae, subaequales, late ovato-ellipticae, acutae vel
subacutae, 2-2-4 mm. longae, concavae, 7-nerviae, glabrae vel
minutissime puberulae cum setis paucis prope apicem e basibus plus
minus bulbosis, pallide stramineae vel plus minus purpurascentes.
Floscidi 2, bermaphroditi. Lemmata Crustacea, subaequalia, anguste
elliptica, naviculiformia, obtusa, 2 mm. longa, marginibus involuta,
pallide straminea, apice saepe fusco-purpurea, lemmate superiore
quam inferiore subminore plus minus stipitato. Paleae crustaceae,
extra puberulae, marginibus valde incurvatis. Stamina 3, multum
ante pistillum maturescentia, mox caduca vestigio vix ullo relicto ;
filamenta tenuissima. Stigmata e latere flosculi paullo supra medium
exserta. Caryopsis non visa.

South India. Palni Hills, Shembaganur, 6000 ft., L. Anglade
914 (type) ; 5500 ft., van Malderen 1283 ; without precise locality,
A. Sauliire 647; Anaimallai Hills, JR. H. Beddome ; High Wavy
Mountains, 4000-5500 ft., May, E. Blatter & Hallberg 182.

1279. Isachne Bourneorum C.E. C.Fischer [Gramineae-Paniceae];
I. Knnthianae Nees proxima, sed major, foliis linearibus vel lineari-
lanceolatis basi angustatis caulem haud amplectentibus, vaginis
laminisque glabris vel puberulis, glumis longioribus.

Herba erecta. Caulis decumbens, basi radicans, o-i-i m. altus.
FoUormi vaginae costatae, glabrae vel pilis brevibus paucissimis
praeditae, pilis longis ciliatae; ligula e serie pilorum rigidorum
sistens; laminae lineares usque lineari-lanceolatae, rarissime ovatae,
acutae vel acuminatae, x*5-6-5 cm. longae, 3-7-11-2 mm. latae,
regulariter 7-costatae, costa media haud prominente, glabrae vel
pilis brevibus paucissimis praeditae, marginibus cartilagineis
scaberulis basi saepe ciliis paucis basi bulbosis praeditis.
Panicida pyramidalis, 37-7*5 cm. longa; rhachis et ramificationes
graciles, canaliculatae, glabrae vel scaberulae, furcationibus
‘ pleramque pubescentibus; rami erecto-patentes vel fere horizon-
tales, usque 4-5 cm. longi, Spiculae pedicellatae, anguste ellipticae.
Glumae membranaceae, subaequales, lanceolatae, cuspidato-
acuminatae, 5-7-nerviae, glabrae vel saepius dimidio superiore setis
paucis basi bulbosis praeditae, 2-5-4 nun. longae. Flosculi 2,
bermaphroditi. Lemmata dissimilia; inferius membranaceum,
anguste elliptico-oblongum, concavum, obtusum, multinervium,
marginibus subrevolutum, glabrum, 2-2*5 nun. longum, palea ejus
simili marginibus valde incurvis; superius subcoriaceum, late

324

ellipticum, concavum vel hemisphaericum, nervis indistinctis,
papillosum vel puberulum, marginibus leviter involutum,
i *2-i *8 mm. longum, palea plana marginibus valde incurvis.
Lodiculae latae. Stamina 3, linearia, paleae fere aequilonga.
Caryopsis non visa.

South India. Palni Hills : Kodaikanal, 6500 ft., Sir A. G. and
Lady Bourne 2491 (type); Silver Cascade riverside, Gundon Shola,
Church Cliff path. Bear Shola Valley, Sir A. G. and Lady Bourne
1041, 1249, 1280, 1481; without precise locality, Wight 3380;
Pumbarai, Madras Herbarium 16,599 > Bear Shola, K. C. Jacob,
16,171. Nilgiri Hills : Kolakanibai, 5000 ft., J. S. Gamble 16,786 ;
Terrace, 5000 ft., J. S. Gamble, 18,309; Naduvattam, 6000 ft.,
M. A. Lawson 4; Pykara, 7000 ft., A, Meebold 11,635; Gudalur
Ghat woods, Madras Herbarium (without number or collector’s
name). Bababudan Hills : Kalhatti, 6000 ft., A. Meebold 9421.

1280. Pogonarthria Brainii Stent [Gramineae-Eragrosteae];
affinis P. squarrosae Pilger, sed spiculis minoribus, glumis lemmati-
busque acutis, his latioribus differt.

Gramen perenne, caespitosum. Culmi rigide erecti, ad 1*3 m.
alti, graciles, teretes, glabri, circiter 3-4-nodes, nodis atro-purpureis,
intemodio supremo (pedunculo) circiter duas partes culmi aequantes.
Foliorum vaginae superiores arete appressae, laeves, glabrae, tenuiter
striatae, rigidiusculae, intemodiis breviores; vaginae inferiores
solutae, plus minusve appresse pubescentes vel glabrescentes;
ligulae brevissimae, membranaceae, minute ciliolatae; laminae
anguste lineares, ad apicem setaceum attenuatae, ad 20 cm. longae,
involutae, basi 2 mm. latae, rigidae, superiores plerumque glabrae,
inferiores sparse pilosae vel glabrescentes, supra scaberulae, subtus
laeves. Panicula linearis, contracta, stricta, 13-20 cm. longa,
1*5 cm. lata; rhachis glabra, laevis, obscure 4-angulata; rami
solitarii vel saepe 2-4-approximati, flexuosi, gracilhmi, subtriquetri,
glabri, laeves, dense spiculati parte basali nuda 3-5 mm. longa
excepta. Spiculae secundae, biseriatae, breviter pedicellatae,
ovato- vel elliptico-oblongae, circiter 3*5 mm. longae, valde later-
aliter compressae, glabrae, viridulae et purpureo-variegatae,
3-4-florae, flore supremo plus minusve redacto; rhachilla supra
glumas et inter lemmata articulata, scaberula, apice articulorum
pilis brevibus paucis orta. Glumae inaequales, ovatae, acutae,
uninerviae, valde carinatae, carinis scaberulis; inferior 1*5 mm.
longa; superior 2 mm. longa. Lemmata e glumis exserta, ambitu
late lanceolata vel anguste ovata, acuta, 2-3-2-5 mm. longa, valde
carinata, trinervia, nervis lateralibus tenuissimis saepe obscuris
plus minusve percurrentibus; paleae lemmatibus paulo breviores,
membranaceae, apice hyalinae, carinis scabridis. Lodiculae brevis¬
simae, cuneatae, tenuiter subtrinerviae. Antherae purpureae,
1*3 mm. longae. Ovarium late ovatum vel globosum.

Southern Rhodesia : Salisbury; granite sand veld, 9 miles
off Beatrice Road, Brain in Govt. Herb. Salisbury 3621 (type); Stone

325

Ridge Farm, Fitt 7. Nyamandhlovu District; Umgusa Spur,
Pardy in Govt. Herb. Salisbury 3740.

XLIV.—NEW SOUTH AFRICAN IRIDACEAE. L. Bolus.
Homeria odorata L. Bolus; a H. salmonea L. Bolus floribus
odoratis vespertinis sordide pallideque luteis, perianthii " tubo ”
infundibuliformi, stylo breviore, praecipue differt.

Planta saepius 40-62 cm. alta. Cormus globosus, 2-2 cm. diam.,
tunicis saturate brunneis sat tenuibus. Vaginae basales papyraceae,
subtruncatae, ad 6 cm. longae. Folium productum 1, basale,
textura firma, apice leviter induratum, pluri-nervatum, 30-53 cm.
longum sine vagina clausa ad 22 cm. longa, 1-2-5 cm - latum, caule
ad per 33 cm. exserto, ad 4 mm. diam.; folia spathiformia 2-5,
membranacea, longe setaceo-acuminata, ad 5-5 cm. longa, cymas
2-4 in axillo ferentia. Cymae interdum fere patentes, saepius ad
6-florae, floribus pomeridianis vel vespertinis. Spathae valvae
supeme membranaceae, exteriores 2-5-4 cm., interiores 4-5-5 cm.
longae. Sepdla obtusa, 2-2-5 cm - longa, ad 1*1 cm. lata, in unquem
4 mm. longum gradatim attenuata, genu laete luteo; petala ad
8 mm. lata, ungue 6 mm. longo. Tubus staminalis 5 mm. longus;
antherae 3 mm. longae, styli ramos 1 mm. longos superantes.
Ovarium 4-6 mm. longum. Capsula saepe irregulariter maculate
notata, ad 1 cm. longa, ad 5 mm. diam.

Calvinia Div.; in clay at the “ klip koppies,” near Nieuwoudt-
ville. Sept. 1930, L. Bolus (Bolus Herbarium, no. 19,968).

Hexaglottis nana L. Bolus ; a ceteris habitu nano, cormo magno,
folio producto solitario, praecipue differt.

Planta sat robusta, 10-17 cm. alta, parte infra folium ad 9 cm.
longa. Cormus globosus, 3 cm. diam., reliquis fibrosis copiose
coronatus, tunicis permultis saturate brunneis infeme interdum
lamellatis supeme pinnate reticularis demum e nervis omnino
compositis apice longe aristatis. Folium basi inflorescentiae
positum, suberectum vel patens, flexuosum, textura firma, parte
apicale baud visa, ad 25 cm. longum, basi ad 8 mm. medio 6 mm.
latum, cum foliis spathiformibus 2-3 apice callosis 10-4
cm. longis basi ad i-i cm. latis subrigide papillate
ciliolatum. Cymae 2-3-florae. Spathae valvae herbaceae, obtusae
vel subtruncatae, nunc subaequflongae, nunc exterior longior, nunc
parum brevior, 2*3-4*6 cm., interior 3-3-7 cm. longa, apice laceratae.
Perianthium luteum, segmentis basi, ut videtur in siccis, breviter
connatis ad 1-8 cm. longis. Antherae ad 5 mm. longae. Stylus 3 mm ,
longus, ramis 4-5 mm. Ovarium demum exsertum, 4-5 mm. longum.

Clanwilliam Div .; Algeria Forest Station, Cedarberg, Sept. 1930,
Bora Weintroub (Bolus Herbarium, no. 19,972).

Watsonia (Euwatsonia) Ryderae L. Bolus ; a W. iridifolia Ker.
foliis latioribus subglaucis, bracteis acuminatis ab axi divergentibus,
bracteolis bracteis brevioribus, differt.

326

Planta robusta, ad 1*28 m. alta. Cormus cum pluribus novellis
arte adpressis ad 8 cm. diam., tunicis crassis intricate cancellatis.
Caulis omnino vaginis vestitus vel apice parum exsertus, ad 1*2 cm.
diam. Folia basalia 8-9, artissime equitantia, vaginis intus copiose
mucilaginis, acuminata, nervo medio marginibusque inconspicuis,
nervis intermediis crebris in vivis vix visis, 47-67 cm. longa, prope
medium latissima, ad 5*8 cm. lata, caulina reducta 3-4, 30-11 cm.
longa, laminis 10-0 cm. longis, vaginis haud ventricosis compresse
carinatis. Inflorescentia simplex, ad 37-flora, vel demum 1-3 ramis
evolutis et ad 9-floris, floribus fere erectis. Bracteae saturate
brunneae, intemodia bene superantes, 4-1*5 cm.l ongae; bracteolae
3-1-2 cm. longae, omnino coalitae vel demum ad per 6 mm. apice
liberae. Penanthium roseum vel subpurpureum, 5-6 cm. longum,
tubo diu fere stricto, 2-8-3-7 cm. parte cylindrica 2-2*5 cm * longo,
apice ad 6 mm. diam.; segmenta obovato-oblonga, obtusa, exteriora
ad o*8 cm., interiora ad i-i cm. lata. Stamina arcuata, saepe ad
apicem segmentorum attingentia, antheris purpureis ad i*i cm.
longis, polhne caenileo. Styli rami 6 mm. longi; stigmata 6, 2 mm.
longa ; ovarium infeme leviter angustatum, 4 mm. longum.

Riversdale Div.; Garcia's Pass, Nov.-Dee. 1931, Eleanor Ryder
(Bolus Herbarium, no. 19,974).

Watsonia (Neuberia ?) Emiliae L. Bolus ; a W. Middlemostii
L. Bolus folio producto basali solitario, floribus fere erectis, tubo
perianthii longiore angustioreque, fere in modo tubi in sectione
Euwatsonia, differt.

Planta 50-74 cm. alta, inter graciliores generis. Cormus ad
2*5 cm. diam., tunicis tenuibus arte intertextis vel senectissimis
derumpentibus. Caulis subcompressus, infeme anguste 2-alatus,
ad 6 mm., apice 3 mm., diam., intemodiis 2*5-20 cm. longis, bene
exsertis. Folia 5, basali ad 65 cm. longo, lamina 60 cm. longa, ad
5 mm. lata, caulina 65-5 cm., lamina 44-0 cm. longa, ad 7 mm. lata,
viridia, marginibus subluteis vix incrassatis, nervo medio sat
conspicuo, nervis intermediis crebris, in vivo vix visis. Inflorescentia
2-ramosa spica, terminali 9-11-flora, ramis erectis 2-3-floris. Bracteae
saturate brunneae, chartaceae, acuminatae, 1*5-1 cm. longae,
intemodiis subaequilongae; bracteolae i*i-i cm, longae, parte
libera 1-4 mm. longa. Perianthium roseum, ad 4 cm. longum, tubo
subinfundibuliformi ad 2*2 cm. longo apice 6 mm. diam.; segmenta
obovato-oblonga, obtusa, basi alba, infeme saturate vittata,
supremum evittatum, latissimum, exteriora ad 7 mm., interiora
8-9 mm., lata. Stamina arcuata, ad dimidium segmentorum vel
infra attingentia, filamentis inclusis vel breviter exsertis, antheris
purpureis ad 9 mm. longis. Styli rami apicem antherarum vix
attingentes, ad 4 mm. longi; stigmata 6, 1-1*5 mm. longa;
ovarium 2-3 mm. longum.

Riversdale Div.; Garcia's Pass, Nov.-Dec. 1931, Emily Ferguson
(Bolus Herbarium, no, 19,975).

327

Watsonia (Neuberia) pauciflora L. Bolus ; a W. Middlemostii L.
Bolus foliis paucioribus angustioribus, bracteis latioribus, floribus
erectioribus, differt.

Planta ad 25 cm. alta. Cormus i-8 cm. diam., tunicis tenuissimis.
Vaginae basales 1-5-3 cm. longae. Folia 4, basali 18-21 cm. longo
ad 3 mm. lato, caulina 3, cum vagina 2-0-7 cm. longa 13-2 cm. longa,
ad 4 mm. lata, in siccis nervo medio marginibusque leviter incrassatis.
Spica laxe 2-3-flora, floribus diu fere erectis. Bracteae axem bene
amplectentes, dimidio inferiore insigniter ad 1 cm. latae, 1-5-1 cm.
longae; bracteolae i-o-8 cm. longae, apice per 1 mm. liberae.
Perianthium saturate roseum, 4-4-5 cm. longum, tubo 2-2-5 cm.
longo apice 5-7 mm. diam.; segmenta obtusa exteriora ad 0-9 cm.,
interiora ad 1 cm. lata. Stamina , ut videtur in siccis, dechnata,
ultra dimidium segmentorum attingentia, antheris luteis 8 mm.
longis. Stigmata 6, fere ad apicem segmenti attingentia. Ovarium
4 mm. longum.

Caledon Div.; near Elgin, Oct. 1931, Eleanor Ryder (Bolus
Herbarium, no. 19,973).

Watsonia (Euwatsonia) Hutchinsonii L. Bolus ; a W. coccinea
Herb, caule longiore, foliis majoribus, perianthii segmentis inaequi-
longis, bracteis bracteolas superantibus, praecipue differt.

Planta culta 1-15 met. alta. Cormus 5 cm. diam., tunicis
copiosis crassis. Caulis omnino vaginatus, ad 1 cm. diam. Folia
7 sine 3 superioribus spathiformibus 14-2-5 cm. longis ramos
inflorescentiae ferentibus ; radicalia 3, 66 cm., 72 cm., 60 cm. longa,
2 cm., 2-8 cm., 3-2 cm. lata; caulina 4, infimum 4 cm. supra basin
positum, 45 cm. longum sine vagina clausa 11-5 cm. longa, ad 3-4 cm.
latum, proximum 50 cm. longum sine vagina 19 cm. longa 2-8 cm.
diam. compressa haud ventricosa, proximum 43 cm. longum sine
vagina 23 cm. longa, proximum 33 cm. longum sine vagina 20 cm.
longa, ramum inflorescentiae tardissime evolutum ferens, nervo
medio prominente viridi, nervis intermediis inconspicuis, marginibus
vix incrassatis lutescentibus. Bracteae obtusae, superae brunneae,
2-7-1-2 cm. longae, axem haud amplectentes ; bracteolae 2-2-1 cm.
longae. Spica terminalis sat dense 22-flora, ramis 5-9-floris.
Perianthium laete rubrum, ad 7-9 cm. longum, tubo ad 5 cm. longo
apice 6 mm. diam.; segmenta obtusa, apiculata, exteriora breviora
angustioraque, ad 2-5 cm. longa, ad 6 mm. lata, interiora ad 2-9 cm.
longa, ad 1 cm. lata. Stamina arcuata, segmenta superantia vel
aequantia; filamenta inaequilonga, brevius 3-5 cm., duo longiora
3*9 cm. longa, antheris atrate purpureis i-i cm longis. Stigmata 6,
fere apicem segmenti attingentia, saepe x mm. longa.

Hab, Exact locality uncertain, probably south-western Cape
Province, Oct. 1928, J. Hutchinson (National Bot. Gardens, no.

2563/30.

Watsonia (Euwatsonia) Leipoldtii L. Bolus ; a W. Words-
worthiana Matthews et L. Bolus per ianthii tubo graciliore

328

stricti-oreque, segmentis minoribus, stigmatibus 6 bene exsertis,
praecipue differt.

Planta culta ad 1*17 met. alta. Caulis ad 9 mm. diam. Folia
7 sine 3 superioribus spathiformibus 16-3 cm. longis ramos inflores-
centiae ferentibns; basalia 3, ad 52 cm. longa cum parte amplectente
ad 21 cm. longa, ad 2*3 cm. lata; caulina 4, cum vagina clausa
8-20 cm. longa 62-36 cm. longa, ad 2*5 cm. lata, viridia, marginibus
lutescentibus haud incrassatis, nervo medio prominente, nervis
intermediis crebris vix visis. Spica terminalis sat laxe ad 11-flora,
ramis 7-8-floris, floribus fere erectis, morientibus tantum decurvatis.
Bracteae acutae vel obtusae, dimidio superiore membranaceo, inter-
nodiis aequilongae, 3-1*8 cm. longae ; bracteolae bracteis aequil-
longae vel parum longiores, omnino coalitae. Perianthium pulchre
roseum, tubo fere stricto 4*5-5 cm. longo apice 7-8 mm. diam., parte
filiform! in cylindrum gradatim transeunte parumque breviore;
segmenta obovato-oblonga, obtusa, 2*2-2*4 cm. longa, exteriora ad
i*i cm., interiora ad 1*2 cm. lata. Stamina arcuata, apicem segmen-
torum fere attingentia, filamentis cum antheris pollineque albidis.
Stylus perianthium superans, ramis ad 4 mm., ramulis ad 2 mm.
longis. Ovarium infeme leviter angustatum, exangulatum, 6 mm.
longum.

Worcester Div.; between Brand Vlei et Yilliersdorp, Oct. 1929,
C. L. Leipoldt (Bolus Herbarium, no. 19,942). FI. in H. H. Bolus’
garden, Oct-Nov. 1930, 1931.

Watsonia (Euwatsonia) Archbelliae L. Bolus ; a W. Pillansii L.
Bolus foliis angustioribus, spica minus densa, bracteis longioribus
inferioribus acutis, praecipue differt.

Planta i-i-io met. alta. Cormus cum pluribus novellis arte
adpressis ad 4 cm. diam., tunicis exterioribus tenuibus, interioribus
sat crassis. Folia 10 sine spathiformibus 2-3 ramos inflorescentiae
ferentibus 6-4*5 cm. longis, viridia, marginibus haud incrassatis,
nervo medio prominente, nervis intermediis crebris inconspicuis;
radicalia 4,44-56 cm. longa, ad 1 cm. lata ; caulina 48-10 cm. longa,
intemodia omnino vaginantia, vaginis clausis 1-10 cm. longis. Spica
terminalis 19-flora, ramis 3-4-floris. Bracteae rubicundae, 4*5-2*5 cm.
longae, axem basi tantum amplectentes ; bracteolae 3-2 cm. longae.
Perianthium testaceo-aurantiacum, 8 cm. longum, tubo 5*3 cm.
longo apice 8 mm. diam.; segmenta abrupte acuta vel obtusa,
exteriora ad i*i cm., interiora ad 1*5 cm. lata. Staminodia per
1*5 mm. libera. Stamina arcuata, dimidium segmenti bene super-
antia, antheris saturate purpureis ad 1*2 cm. longis. Stigmata
6, leviter exserta, 2 mm. longa. Ovarium infeme parum angustatum,
7 mm. longum.

Natal: Underberg (south-west Natal), alt. 5120 ft., Mrs . J. E.
Archbell (National Botanic Gardens, no. 772/30). FI. Kirstenbosch
Nov.-Dee. 1931.

329

Watsonia (Euwatsonia) Comptonii L. Bolus ; a W. fulgente
Klatt habitu graciliore, foliis radicalibus paucioribus lutescente
viridibus, bracteis longioribus, petalis latioribus, praecipue differt.

Planta saepius 60-80 cm. alta, inter graciliores generis. Cormus
ad 2-8 cm. diam., tunicis copiosis tenuibus, arte intertextis. Caulis
ad 6 mm., apice saepe 3 mm. diam., intemodiis superioribus ad 5 cm.
exsertis. Vaginae basales 4*5-6*5 cm. longae. Folia 6-7, basalia
2-3, ad 46 cm. longa, parte amplectente ad 14 cm. longa, ad i*6 cm.
lata, viridia, nervo medio marginibnsque inconspicuis, nervis inter-
mediis vix visis, caulinorum laminis ad 21 cm., 8 cm., 5 cm., 3*1 cm.
longis, vaginis clausis ad 8 cm., 11 cm., 8 cm., 1*5 cm. longis, vel in
exemplari depauperato laminis ad 13 cm. longis. Spica terminalis,
sat laxe 11-14-flora, ramis 1-2, 2-3-floris. Bracteae basin versus
purpurascentes, abter brunneae, mox supeme laceratae, acutae vel
rarius acuminatae vel obtusae, 2-1 cm. longae; bracteolae fere ad
apicem coabtae, 1*3-1 cm. longae. Perianthium aurantiaco-
rubrum, 4*8~5*6 cm. longum, tubo intus albo lineato, lineis in notas
albas 2 basi segmentoram desinentibus, 3*i-3*4 cm. longo apice 6 mm.
diam., parte cylindrica partem filiformem parum excedente;
segmenta obovato-oblonga vel late obovata, apice rotundata,
exteriora 7-8*5 mm., interiora ad i*i cm. lata. Stamina arcuata,
parum ultra dimidium segmentorum attingentia, filamentis auran-
tiacis, antberis atrate purpureis 7 mm. longis. Stigmata 6, fere ad
apicem segmenti attingentia ; ovarium 5 mm. longum.

Cape Peninsula; marsh near Smitswinkel, Nov. 19, 1931.
T. M. Salter, 1840.

Var. angustifolia Z. Bolus ; folia 5, basale unicum elongatum
inflorescentiam saepe superans, ad 7 mm., caulina ad 1 cm. lata.

Cape Peninsula ; marsh near Red Hill, Simonstown, Dec. 1931,
T . M. Salter.

XLV.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF SIAM *

Additamentum XXXV.

Canthium brunnescens Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 135 (1932),
descr. ampl. [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae]; a C. cochinchinense Pitard
foliis maioribus apice acuminatis recedens.

Arbor circa 10 m. alta (ex Kerr), corolla et nervorum axillis
exceptis glabra, baud armata; ramuli sicci primo fusci, mox
brunnei, angulati, demum cinerei, circa 4 mm. diametro. Folia
eliiptica vel oblongo-elbptica, apice obtuse acuminata vel sub¬
acuminata, basi saepe parum inaequilateralia, cuneata vel acuminata,
7-13 cm. longa, 2*8-5 cm. lata, rigide cbartacea, sicca brunnea vel
fusco-brunnea, subtus parum pallidiora, costa supra conspicua vel
impressa subtus prominente, nervis laterabbus utrinque 6 supra
conspicuis subtus prominentfbus, nervulis vix conspicuis, subtus in
nervorum axillis parce pubescentia, petiolo 5-10 mm. longo supra

♦Continued from K.B. 1932, 289. ,

330 .- ' ' \ " ' ‘

canaliculate) suffulta; stipulae diutius persistentes, e basi deltoidea
subulato-acuminatae, 4 mm. longae. Cymae axillares, umbelli-
formes, ad 15-florae, pedunculo communi circa 3 mm. longo apice
bracteis duabus circa 3 mm. longis instructo suffultae ; pedicelli ad
9 mm. longi; alabastra obtuse acuminata, sicco fusca. Receptaculum
1*25 mm. longum. Calyx breviter denticulatus. Corolla extra
glabra, tubo 2 mm. longo intra apice piloso, lobis 4 deltoideis obtuse
acuminatis 3 mm. longis 2 mm. latis glabris. Antherae 1*25 mm.
longae, exsertae. Stylus 175 mm. longus, stigmatibus globosis circa
1 mm. diametro.

Korat, Kao L6m, 700 m., by stream in evergreen forest, Kerr
9890.

Canthium calcicolum Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 136 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae]; a C. umbellato Wight eiusque
affinioribus foliis multo minoribus, nervis lateralibus conspicue
obliquis, inflorescentia depauperata recedit.

Arbuscula circa 5 m. alta (ex Kerr), corolla excepta glabra ;
ramuli graciles, primo distincte angulati, cortice fusco-rubro obtecti,
lenticellis pallidis conspicue longitudinaliter extensis. Folia lanceo-
lata lateve lanceolata, apice obtuse acuminata vel caudato-acuminata,
basi cuneata, saepe parum inaequilateralia, 3-5 cm. longa, 1-1-4 cm -
lata, subcoriacea, sicca plus minusve brunnescentia, subtus pallidiora,
costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
4-5 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis obliquis bene intra marginem
anastomosantibus, nervulis rete laxum supra conspicuum subtus
prominulum efficientibus, petiolo 2-3 mm. longo suffulta ; stipulae
diu persistentes, circa 2 mm. longae. Cymae axillares, umbelli-
formes, floribus ad 10 saepe paucioribus baud rarius solitariis,
pedunculo communi usque ad 4 mm. longo apice parvi-bracteato
suffultae, floribus parvis pedicellis circa 5 mm. longis suffultis;
flores aperti haud visi. Receptaculum 1 mm. longum, glabrum, sicco
fuscum. Calyx 0-5 mm. longus, lobis deltoideis brevibus. Corolla
extra glabra, intra apice viflosa. Antherae r-5 mm. longae. Stylus
glaber. Frudus 5 mm. longus, 3-5 mm. diametro.

Patalung, Kaw Hua Tek, 50 m., evergreen on rocky limestone
hill, Kerr 19,294.

Canthium calvum Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 136 (1932), descr,
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae]; a C. horrido Blume foliis breviori-
bus pro longitudine latioribus apice rotundatis retusis glabris recedit.

Frutex circa 3 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli glabrescentes,
cortice brunneo vel cinereo-brunneo obtecti, lenticellis haud con¬
spicuis, spinis rectis axillaribus 7 mm. longis armati. Folia late
elliptica, elliptico-rotundata, vel elliptico-obovata, apice rotundata,
retusa, basi cuneata vel cuneato-truncata, 10-17 mm - longa,
fl-13 mm. lata, rigide chartacea, sicco supra luteo-viridia, subtus
paflide yiridia, pagina utraque glabra, costa supra conspicua vel
parum impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque

33i

3- 4 bene intra marginem anastomosantibus supra subconspicuis
subtus subprominulis, nervulis subobscuris, margine parum recurva,
petiolo 1-3 mm. longo supra canaliculato suffulta; stipulae
deciduae. Flores virides (ex Kerr), per 1-3 ramulis abbreviatis
axillaribus gesti; pedicelli ad 2 mm. longi, glabri, apice bracteolis
duabus oppositis inter se connatis 0-75 mm. longis instructi.
Receptaculum 1*25 mm. longum, glabrum. Calycis tubus 1 mm.
longus, 5-denticulatus. Corollae tubus vix 2 mm. longus, extra
glaber, intra fere medio pilis deflexis adpressis longiusculis dense
omatus, lobi 2 mm. longi, 1*25 mm. lati, acuminati, glabri. Fila-
menta ad corollae tubi apicem affixa, 0*5 mm. longa, glabra;
antherae paululo ultra 1 mm. longae, connectivo apice producto.
Stylus 2-5 mm. longus, infeme incrassatus et pubescens, stigmate
mitriformi 075 mm. longo longitudinaliter costato.

Sakon, Wanawn, 200 m., evergreen by river, Kerr 8056.

Canthium ferrugineum Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 138 (1932),
descr. ampl. [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae]; a speciebus aliis spinis
rectis armatis indumento femigineo ramulorum et foliorum et forma
foliorum distinguendum.

Frutex circa 3 m. altus (ex Kerr ); ramuli iuventute densius
ferrugineo-hirsuti, mox glabri, cortice cinereo obtecti, lenticellis
inconspicuis, spinis rectis gracilibus ad 1 cm. longis sparsis armati.
Folia oblongo-elliptica, elliptica, vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice
subacuminata, basi rotundata vel fere truncata, interdum parum
inaequilateralia, 3-6 cm. longa, 1-3-27 cm. lata, rigide chartacea,
sicca viridia vel saepe parum lutescentia, supra ad costam ferrugineo-
subhirsuta, aliter pilis ferrugineis sat rigidis sparse instructa, subtus
ad costam nervosque laterales pilis ferrugineis divergentibus sat
rigidis dense tecta, aliter molliter ferrugineo-pubescentia, costa
supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque

4- 6 supra impressis subtus prominulis, nervulis tantum paucis
subconspicuis, margine plus minusve recurva, densius ciliata,
petiolo 2-6 mm. longo dense ferrugineo-hirsuto suffulta; stipulae
deltoideae, acutae, 3 mm. longae, dorso dense adpresse ferrugineo-
pubescentes, deciduae. Flores per 1-3, axillares, subsessiles;
alabastra medio constricta, apice sparse breviter ferrugineo-
pubescentia. Receptaculum breve, ferrugineo-pubescens. Calyx
receptaculo subaequilongus, extra adpresse ferrugineo-pubescens,
lobis brevibus. Corollae tubus 3 mm. longus, extra glaber, intra
pilis deflexis longiusculis adpressis dense sericeus, lobi 4, oblongo-
lanceolati, 4 mm. longi, 2 mm. lati, dorso apice parce ferrugineo-
pubescentes, arete reflexi. Stamina 4, filamentis brevibus reflexis.
Stylus exsertus, 4 mm. longus, infeme paulo incrassatus et pubescens,
stigmate x mm. longo.

Ranawng, La-un, 10 m., scrub, Kerr 16,438.

Canthium horridulum Craib, FI. Siam, Enum, ii. 139 (1932),
descr. ampl, [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae]; a C. horrido Blume folils

332 ' ' ’ - ’ * ‘ ' ' ■

minoribus pro rata latioribus saepe apice retusis subtas ad nervorum
axillas conspicue pilosis, floribus subsessilibus recedit.

Frutex circa 3 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli primo adpresse ferru-
gineo-pubescentes, mox glabri, cortice brunneo vel cinereo-brunneo
obtecti, lenticellis haud conspicuis, spinis axillaribus rectis saepissime
mox recurvis circa 4 mm. longis armati. Folia late elliptica vel
subovata, apice rotundata obtusave, saepe retusa, basi late cuneata
vel subrotundata, usque ad i*8 cm. longa et 1-3 cm. lata, coriacea,
sicco saepissime plus minusve lutescentia, supra ad costam pilis
paucis brevibus ferrugineis subtus ad costam pilis longiusculis
sparsis instructa praetereaque subtus in nervorum axillis breviter
pilosa, costa supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 4-5 intra marginem anastomosantibus supra impressis
subtus prominulis, nervulis obscuris, margine ciliata, petiolo circa
2 mm. longo suffulta; stipulae parvae, deciduae. Flores solitarii
vel saepissime gemini, ramulis axillaribus brevibus gesti; pedicelli
circa 2 mm. longi, glabri vel pilis paucis instructs apicem versus
bracteolis duabus oppositis inter se connatis 1 mm. longis instructi.
Receptaculum circa 1 mm. longum, glabrum. Calycis tubus 1 mm.
longus, denticulatus vel subdenticulatus. Corollae tubus 3 mm.
longus, extra glaber, intra pilis tubo paulo brevioribus deflexis
adpressis dense omatus, lobi 5, lanceolato-oblongi, breviter acuminati,
375 mm. longi, 1 -5 mm. lati, mox reflexi. Discus densius ferrugineo-
puberuli. Stamina 5, filamentis ad corollae tubi apicem positis 1 mm.
longis mox reflexis, antheris 1*5 mm. longis. Stylus 4 mm. longus,
infeme adpresse pubescens, aliter glaber, stigmate mitriformi vix
1 mm. longo longitudmaliter costato. Fructus subglobosus, 8 mm.
diametro.

Songkla, Tepa, under 50 m., savannah, Kerr 14,717.

Canthium longipes Geddes apud Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 140
{1932), descr. ampl. [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae]; a C. filipendulo
Pierre foliis sicco fuscis, floribus minoribus haud solitariis, stylo
breviore, a C. aciculaio Ridl. foliis minoribus, pedicellis elongatis
tenuibus recedit.

Frutex 3-5 m. altus (ex Winit) ; ramuli graciles, breviter
subadpresse hirsuti, cortice rubro-brunneo obtecti, spinis rectis
gracilibus ad 1-2 cm. longis armati. Folia elliptica vel ovato-
elHptica, apice obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata, 2-4 cm. longa,

1- 2 cm. lata, sicca fUscescentia, subtus pallidiora, supra ad costam
breviter hirsuta, aliter sparse setosa, subtus ad costam nervosque
laterales setosa, ad nervorum axillas densius setosa, aliter sparse
setosa, costa supra conspicua vel promlnula subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 4 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis,
nervulis rete gracile efhcientibus, margine setuloso-ciliata, petiolo

2- 4 mm. longo breviter hirsuto suffulta; stipulae ad 3-5 mm.
longae, apice longius attenuatae, deciduae. Flores lutei (ex Winit ),
rarissime solitarii, pedunculis saepissime geminis 3-12 mm. longis,
flores 2-3 gerentibus cum pedicellis gracilibus sicco fuscis glabris vel

333

sparse hirsutis; pedicelli ad n mm. longi. Receptdculum breve,
parce hirsutum. Calycis segmenta 4, receptaculo conspicue breviora.
Corollae tubus 3-5 mm. longus, extra glaber, intra barbatus, lobi 4,
ovato-lanceolati, acuti, 1*5 mm. longi, glabri. Stamina 4, ad
corollae tubi apicem affixa. Stylus 4 mm. longus, hirsutus.

Lampang, Me Sung, 150 m., evergreen forest, Winit 1727.

Canthium nitidum Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 141 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae]; a C. umbellato Wight eiusque
affinioribus foliis minoribus, a C. calcicolo Craib foliis parum
maioribus, floribus magis numerosis pedicellis conspicue puberulis
suffultis recedit.

Arbor circa 8 m. alta (ex Kerr), inflorescentia excepta glabra;
ramuli fusco-rubri vel fusci, subgraciles, lenticellis saepissime parvis
rotundatis. Folia elliptica vel late elliptica, apice obtuse acuminata
vel caudato-acuminata, basi cuneata, ad 67 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata,
rigide chartacea, sicca supra fuseescentia, nitida, subtus viridia,
interdum fuseescentia, costa supra conspicua vel subprominula subtus
prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-6 obliquis supra sub-
prominulis subtus prominulis intra marginem anastomosantibus,
nervulis rete laxum pagina utraque subprominulum ef&cientibus,
petiolo ad 5 mm. longo suffulta ; stipulae subulato-acuminatae, diu
persistentes, circa 3 mm. longae. Cymae axillares, umbelliformes,
pedunculo communi ad 2 mm. longo apice parvi-bracteato suffultae,
floribus ad 10 pedicellis circa 5 mm. longis puberulis sicco fuscis
suffultis. Receptaculum sicco fuscum, sparse puberulum, circa
1 mm. longum. Calycis segmenta saepissime deltoidea, circa
075 mm. longa. Corollae tubus 2 mm. longus, extra glaber, intra
apice villosus, lobi 5, tubo paululo longiores, circa 1 mm. lati.
Stamina ad corollae tubi apicem posita, filamentis antheris sub-
aequilongis 1 mm. longis glabris. Stylus stigmate 0-5 mm. longo
incluso 6 mm. longus, glaber.

Surat, Kaw Prap, 10 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 12,521.

Canthium quadratum Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 142 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae]; a C. aciculato Ridl. foliis minoribus,
floribus maioribus, pedicellis et receptaculis glabris vel subglabris
recedit.

Ramuli graciles, primo sparse breviter adpresse hirsuti, mox
glabri, cortice rubro-brunneo obtecti, longitudinaliter striati, lenti¬
cellis ineonspicuis, spinis axillaribus rectis ad 1*5 cm. longis armati.
Folia oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice longius obtuse acuminata,
basi rotundata, cordatula, 2-4-5 cm - longa, 1-2 cm. lata, rigide
chartacea, sicco viridia, subtus pallidiora, pagina superiore ad
costam setulosa, aliter setulis sparsis plus minusve deciduis instructa,
inferiore ad costam nervosque laterales setulosa, in nervorum axillis
hirsuta, et aliter setulis sparsis instructa, costa supra prominula
subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-5 supra conspicuis
subtus prominulis, nervulis rete gracile sub oculo arinato pagina

334 ' ' V' ‘ ' . V “ ‘

utraque conspicuum formantibus, margine pauperius setuloso-
ciliata, petiolo 1-2 mm. longo suffulta ; stipnlae deciduae. Flores
pauci, ramulis a xillar ibus abbreviatis gesti, solitarii, pedicellis
glabris vel subglabris 5 mm. longis circa 1*5 mm. supra basem
bracteolis in cupulam connatis 0-5 mm. longis instructis suffulti;
alabastra apice rotundata, glabra. Receptaculum vix 1 mm. longum,
glabrum. Calycis tubus receptaculo paululo brevior, apice sub-
denticulatus. Corollae tubus 2*5 mm. longus, apice 2-5 mm.
diametro, extra glaber, intra pilis deflexis apice afflxis dense
sericeus, lobi 5, oblongo-lineares, 4 mm. longi, basi 175 mm. lati.
Stamina reflexa, filamentis circa 1 mm. longis ad corollae tubi
apicem positis glabris, antheris 2 mm. longis, connectivo apice in
processum quadratum producto. Stylus 5 mm. longus, interne
incrassatus et breviter subhirsutus; stigma 1 mm. longum, apice
2 mm. diametro, concavum, longitudinahter costatum.

Ranawng, Kao Pawta Chongdong, 700 m., scrubby evergreen,
Kerr 16,760.

Canthium sarmentosum Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 143 (1932),
descr. ampl. [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae]; a C. parvifolio Roxb.
floribus distincte pedicellatis inter alia recedit.

Frutex circa 1*5 m. altus (an etiam scandens ?)—ex Kerr ; ramuli
graciles, primo dense adpresse ferrugineo-hirsuti, mox glabrescentes,
cortice rubro-bnmneo obtecti, lenticellis inconspicuis. Folia ovato-
lanceolata, apice angustata vel subacuminata, obtusa, basi late
cuneata vel rotundato-cuneata, 1*5-27 cm. longa, 0*7-1 *5 cm. lata,
rigide chartacea, sicca saepe lutescentia, supra ad costam breviter
ferrugineo-hirsuta, aliter sparse ferrugineo-hirsuta, subtus ad
costam subdense ferrugineo-hirsuta, aliter sparse ferrugineo-hirsuta,
costa supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
3-4 supra impressis subtus prominulis, margine demum parum
revoluta, densius hirsuto-ciliata, petiolo circa 2 mm. longo dense
adpresse ferrugineo-hirsuto suffulta; stipulae breves, deciduae.
Flores luteo-albi (ex Kerr), axillares, gemini vel solitarii, pedicellis
usque ad 5 mm. longis glabris vel subglabris apicem versus bracteolis
duabus parvis dorso apicem versus pauci-pilosis instructis suffulti.
Receptaculum 0*75 mm. longum, fere glabrum. Calycis tubus
receptaculo brevior, dentes parvae, ciliatae. Corollae tubus 175 mm.
longus, extra glaber, intra longe sericeus, lobi 4, subovati, acuminati,
circa 2 mm. longi, dorso apicem versus pilis paucis brevibus
instructi. Stamina 4, ad corollae tubi apicem posita, antheris circa
0-6 mm. longis. Stylus 1*75 mm. longus, infeme breviter hirsutus.
Fructus subglobosus, 8-9 mm. diametro.

Pattani, Betong, 200 m., scrub, Kerr 7638.

Canthium stellulatum Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 143 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae]; a C. tavoyano (Parker) floribus
conspicue minoribus distinguendum.

335

Frutex circa 2 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli graciles, primo sparse
adpresse hirsuti, mox glabri, cortice brurmeo vel fusco-brunneo
obtecti, lenticellis parvis subconspicuis, spinis axillaribus rectis ad
17 cm. longis armati. Folia saepissime oblongo-elliptica lateve
elliptica, rarius ovato-lanceolata vel elliptico-obovata, apice obtuse
acuminata, basi cuneata lateve cuneata, 2*5-6 cm. longa, o*8-2*4cm.
lata, membranaceo-chartacea, supra viridia vel plus minusve
fuscescentia, subtus pallidiora, supra ad costam subsparse setuloso-
hirsuta, aliter setis paucis instructa, subtus ad costam nervosque
laterales subsparse hirsuta, aliter sparse hirsuta, costa supra
prominula subtus conspicua, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-6 pagina
utraque conspicuis, nervulis rete laxum efficientibus, margine
hirsuto-ciliata, petiolo 2-3 mm. longo adpresse hirsuto suffulta;
stipulae longe acuminatae, 3 mm. longae, dorso adpresse hirsutae,
deciduae. Pedunculi e ramulis abbreviatis axillaribus orti, breves vel
ad 4 mm. longi, flores solitarios vel saepissime geminos gerentes, apice
parvi-bracteati; pedicelli ad 13 mm. longi, graciles, glabri; alabastra
ambitu oblonga, acuminata, corollae lobis paulo ante anthesin apice
stellatim divergentibus. Receptaculum circa 0*75 mm. longum,
glabrum, sicco fuscum. Calyx 1 mm. longus, glaber, lobis 4 del-
toideis acutis vel apiculatis dorso carinatis. Corollae tubus 4 mm.
longus, extra glaber, intra pilis deflexis apice insertis dense sericeus,
lobi 4, mox arete reflexi, tubo paulo breviores, basi fere 2 mm. lati,
glabri. Stamina reflexa, filamentis circa 0.75 mm. longis. Stylus
exsertus, 6 mm. longus, basi apieeque exceptis pilis oblique erectis
instructus ; stigmata duo, 0*75 mm. longa.

Patalung, Ban Kram, 100 m., scrub, Kerr 15,299.

Ganthium strigosum Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 143 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae] ; a speciebus aliis ramulis strigosis,
folils breviter petiolatis basi rotundatis cordatulis, corollae tubo
conspicue inflato recedit.

Frutex circa 2 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli iuventute strigosi, mox
glabri, cortice fusco-rubro obtecti, lenticellis parvis rotundatis vel
oblongis conspicuis, spinis axillaribus rectis vel subrectis ad 1 cm.
longis armati. Folia oblonga, oblongo-ovata, ovatave, apice acute
vel subacute acuminata, basi rotundata, cordatula, 6-9*5 cm. longa,
2 *5-3*4 cm. lata, cbartacea, sicca viridia, subtus pallidiora, pagina
utraque sparse sed praesertim ad costam et inferiore etiam ad nervos
strigosa, costa supra conspicua vel prominula subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 6-7 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis,
nervulis paucis pagina utraque subconspicuis, margine strigoso-
eiliata, petiolo 2-3 mm. longo strigoso suffulta; stipulae deciduae,
. 3-4 mm. longae, acuminatae, dorso strigosae. Cymae axillares,
circa 9-florae, petiolo dimidio longiores, pedunculo communi brevi
suffultae; pedicelli circa 1 mm. longi, sparse adpresse hirsuti;
alabastra medio constricta, basi inflata, apice rotundata, brevissime
obtuse acuminata. Receptaculum 1 mm. longum, sparse adpresse
hirsutum, sicco fuscum. Calyx receptaculo brevior; segmenta

inter se inaequalia, deltoidea, acuta, ciliolata. Corolla extra glabra ;
tubus inflatus, circa 1-5 mm. longus et 3 mm. diametro, intra pilis
deflexis apice affixis dense sericeus ; lobi 5, circa 2*5 mm. longi et
1*5 mm. lati. Stamina 5, ad corollae tubi apicem affixa, filamentis
brevibus, antheris 1-5 mm. longis. Stylus cum stigmate circa
075 mm. longo 2*5 mm. longus, basi incrassatus et pilis brevibus
oblique erectis instructus.

Trang, Kao Sung, 900 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 15,268.

Canthium strychnoides Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 144 (1932),
descr. ampl. [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae] ; inter species armatas foliis
maioribus ob corticem pallidum, nervos laterales paucos, calycem
pro rata elongato-tubulosum distinguendum.

Ramuli primo crispatim puberuli, mox glabri, cortice cinereo vel
stramineo-cinereo obtecti, lenticellis haud conspicuis, spinis
axillaribus rectis 7-15 mm. longis sparse armati. Folia oblongo-
elliptica, elliptica, vel elliptico-lanceolata, rarius subovata, apice
obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata, acuminata, vel rarius rotundata,
6-10 cm. longa, 2*5-47 cm - la-ta, chartacea, vel rigide chartacea,
sicca viridia vel iuniora fuscescentia, ad nervorum axillas pagina
inferiore breviter barbata, aliter glabra, costa supra impressa
subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-6 supra con¬
spicuis vel leviter impressis subtus subprominentibus bene intra
marginem anastomosantibus, nervulis obscuris, petiolo usque ad
12 mm. longo glabro supra canaliculato suffulta; stipulae deciduae.
Flores ramulis abbreviatis axillaribus gesti, solitarii vel gemini,
pedicellis circa 5 mm. longis glabris sub apicem bracteolis in cupulam
connatis instructis suffulti; alabastra acuminata, medio paulo
constricta ; flores sublutei (ex Kiah). Receptaculum vix 2 mm.
longum, glabrum. Calyx tubulosus, 5-6 mm. longus, apice sub-
truncatus vel irregulariter parvi-denticulatus, glaber. Corollae
tubus 7 mm. longus, circa 4 mm. diametro, extra glaber, intra pilis
infra apicem affixis deflexis fere ad tubi medium attingentibus dense
instructus, lobi 5, crassi, 6 mm. longi, 3 mm. lati, glabri. Filamenta
circa 1*5 mm. longa, glabra, antheris 4 mm. longis, connectivo apice
deltoideo-producto. Stylus 9 mm. longus, supeme glaber, infeme
pilis oblique erectis breviter hirsutus, stigmate mox bilobulato
paululo ultra 2 mm. longo.

Bachaw, Kiah, 24,305.

Canthium subaureum Craib, FI. Siam. Enum. ii. 144 (1932), descr.
ampl. [Rubiaceae-Vanguerieae] ; a C. parvifolio Roxb. foliis sicco
luteo-viridibus supra glabris inter alia recedit.

Frutex circa 3 m. altus (ex Kerr ); ramuli primo adpresse
ferrugineo-pubescentes, longitudinaliter plus minusve costati, mox
plus minusve glabrescentes, cortice brunneo obtecti, lenticellis haud
conspicuis, spinis axillaribus rectis ad 1*8 cm. longis armati. Folia
saepissime elliptica vel oblongo-ovata, apice obtusa rotundatave,
basi rotundata, 1*5-2 *6 cm. longa, 1-1*5 cm. lata, sicca parum

337

lutescentia, chartacea vel rigide chartacea, pagina superiore glabra,
inferiore ad costam pilis rigidis subaureis sparse instructa, ad nervos
laterales pilis similibus bic et illic instructa, et in nervorum axillis
hirsuta, costa supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 3 supra impressis subtus prominulis sed marginem versus
evanidis, nervulis obscuris, margine pauperius hirsuto-ciliata,
petiolo circa 2 mm. longo suffulta; stipulae anguste deltoideae,
2 mm. longae, inter se liberae, deciduae. Flores albi (ex Kerr),
pauci, axillares, infra spinas orti; pedicelli usque ad 1 mm. longi,
glabri, apice bracteolis duabus parvis oppositis instructs Receptac-
ulum 1-25 mm. longum, glabrum. Calycis tubus receptaculo paulo
brevior, denticulatus, glaber. Corollae tubus 2-5 mm. longus, extra
glaber, intra pilis longiusculis deflexis adpressis dense tectus, lobi 5,
late lanceolati, subacuti, 3*5 mm. longi, 1*5 mm. lati, mox reflexi,
glabri. Stamina 5, ad corollae tubi apicem affixa, filamentis reflexis
brevibus, antheris 1*5 mm. longis papillosis. Stylus ad 2 mm.
exsertus, infeme paulo incrassatus, puberulus, stigmate longitud-
inaliter costato 1 mm. longo.

Prachuap, Hui Yang, near sea-level, scrub, Kerr 10,733.

XLVL—AFRICAN ORCHIDS : IV.* V. S. Summerhayes.

Cynosorchis parva Summerhayes, sp. nov.; statura parva, racemis
1-2-floris, labelli forma, calcari labello circiter duplo longiore valde
distincta.

Herba terrestris, parva, usque 15 cm. alta. Tubera cylindrico-
ellipsoidea, circiter 1 cm. longa. Folia radicalia, 3-5, late linearia
vel anguste lanceolata, acuta, plus minusve recurvata, 1-2*5 cm.
longa, 2-4 mm. lata. Scapus erectus, gracilis, apice 1-2-florus,
saepissime infra medium cataphyllo singulo lanceolato acuminato
instructus; bracteae lanceolatae, acuminatae, 4-8 mm. longae,
ovario pedicellato multo breviores. Flores erecti, partim virides,
partim albi; pedicellus cum ovario 1*3-2 *7 cm. longus. Sepalum
intermedium erectum, ovatum, acutum, 4-5*5 mm. longum,
2*75-4*5 mm. latum; sepala lateralia patentia, oblique lanceolato-
ovata, acuta, 5-6*5 mm. longa, 2*5-3*5 mm. lata. Petala lineari-
Tigulata, acuta, leviter incurvata, 3*5-5 mm. longa, 0*7-1 mm. lata.
JLabelhm album, trilobum, ambitu obtriangulare; pars basalis
indivisa i* 6-2*5 mm. longa; lobus intermedius e basi angusta ±
subito dilatatus, fere flabeUatus, apice obcordatus apiculo interjecto,
4-6 mm. longus, 4-5 mm. latus; lobi laterales lineari-oblongi vel
ligulati, obtusi vel subacuti, basi a lobo intermedio angulo 45 0 diver-
gentes, 4'5-6*5 mm. longi, 1-1*6 mm. lati; calcar dependens,
cylindricum, dimidio superiore paulo inflatum, subacutum, 11-16 mm.
longum. Anther a erecta, apice rotundata, 1 *6-2*5 nun. alta,
canalibus leviter incurvatis 1-1*5 longis. Stigmata crassa,
apice clavato-truncata, 1*5-1 *8 mm. longa, latere superiore duobus

♦Contiimed from 1932 , 193 .

338

trientibus inferioribus rostelli lobis lateralibus adnata; rostelli
lobus intermedius triangulari-dentatus, brevis vel brevissimus.

Northern Nigeria. Vom, Bauchi Plateau, goo-1350 m.,
Dent Young ; plains between Hepham and Ropp, 1380 m., July
1921, Lely 361; Bauchi Plateau, grass plains, June 1930, Lely P337
(type) ; no exact locality, Nelson 9.

Southern Nigeria. Bamenda District, Bum, in grassland
among boulders, 1200 m., May and June 1931, Maitland 1398, 1669.

This pretty little species seems to be very distinct in its com¬
bination of characters from all other species which have been
described. The Cameroons specimens are slightly smaller in most
parts than the others but in essential features are identical. There
are apparently no near relatives of C. parva in Tropical Africa, but
some of the Mascarene species approach it in certain features.

Habenaria armatissima Rclib. /. in Otia Bot. Hamburg, ii. 98
(1881).— H. eburnea Ridl. in Joum. Bot. xv. 293 (1886). H.
Lugardii Rolfe in Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. vii. 228 (1898). H. Dinteriana
Kraenzl. in Vierteljahrsschr. Nat. Ges. Zurich, lxxiv. 106 (1929).

There seemed no valid reason, except perhaps geographical
distribution, for separating H. armatissima and H. Lugardii in the
Flora of Tropical Africa, and re-examination of the material shows
no essential differences. Some of the differences in the descriptions,
e.g. the relative lengths of the lobes of the lip, are indeed incorrect,
since in both “ species ” the middle lobe is much shorter than the
side lobes.

A flower from the type specimen of H. Dinteriana communicated
to Kew by Dr. Dinter agrees in essential structure with those of H.
armatissima , while the descriptions in other respects are identical.

The case of H. eburnea Ridl. is different. This species was
described as possessing simple petals, and this character was accepted
by Rolfe. However, the strong resemblance of the specimen to
the other species cited above, and the total dissimilarity from all
other species of sect. Diphyllae with simple petals, led me to
re-examine the type specimen in the British Museum, by kind
permission of the Keeper of the Department of Botany. As a result
the petals were found to be bipartite and the species to agree in
all respects with H. armatissima Rchb. f.

These reductions extend the distribution of the species consider¬
ably so that it now stretches from Lake Tsad and Abyssinia in the
north to Hereroland, Ngamiland and the Zambesi in the south.

Habenaria (§ Bilabrellae) Dalzielii Summerhayes, sp. nov.; inter
species sectionis sepalo intermedio obovato, petalis duobus trientibus
superioribus tantum bilobis, calcari gracili apice haud inflato
5-7 mm. longo facile distinguenda.

Herba terrestris, glabra, usque 90 cm. alta. Tuber globosum,
8-9 mm. diametro, glabrum. Caulis erectus, teres, basi radicibus
numerosis glabris instructus. Folia circiter 8, 4 inferiora linearia,
acuta, basi vaginantia, 5-27 cm. longa, 7-12 mm. lata, superiora

339

subito decrescentia, sursum in bracteas abeuntia. Racemus
13-16 cm. longus, 4-5 cm. diametro, laxe multifloms; bracteae
lanceolatae, acuminatae, 7-13 mm. longae. Flores erecto-patentes
vel adscendentes, virides, pedicello cum ovario 2-3 cm. longo.
Sepalum intermedium obovatum, subacutum, basi cuneatum,
6-7 mm. longum, 3-4 mm. latum ; sepala lateralia oblique semi-
obovata, lateraliter apiculata, 7-10 mm. ionga, 4 mm. lata. Petala
duobus trientibus superioribus biloba; pars indivisa 2-3 mm. Ionga,
1 -5-2 mm. lata; lobus posterior lanceolatus, acutus, 4-5 mm.
longus, basi 1-2 mm. latus; lobus anterior lineari-lanceolatus vel
linearis, acutus vel acutissimus, 5-6 mm. longus, basi 0*5 mm. latus.
Labellum ex ungue angusta 1-2 mm. Ionga tripartitum; partitio
intermedia linearis, obtusa, 8-10 mm. Ionga; partitiones laterales
anguste lineares, intermedia angustiores, 8-5-10*5 mm. longae ;
calcar gracile, apice haud inflatum, leviter incurvatum, 5-7 mm.
longum. Anthera inclinata, 3 mm. alta, canalibus porrectis apice
valde incurvatis gracilibus 4-4-5 mm. longis. Brachia stigmatifera
gracilia, apice oblique capitata, 6-7 mm. Ionga; ovarium 7-9 mm.
longum.

Sierre Leone. Hill Station, Oct. 1926, Deighton 2173 (in part).

Northern Nigeria. Kilba country, in a swamp, single speci¬
men, Aug. 1909, Dalziel 222 (Type).

A very characteristic member of sect. Bilabrellae, but easily
distinguished by the characters given in the diagnosis, together with
the obovate dorsal sepal and almost equal lobes of the lip. The
pedicels often have a peculiar sharp upward bend just below the
ovary. Under his no. 2173 Deighton also collected a specimen of
the abnormal form of H. anaphysema Rchb. f.

Habenaria (§ Bilabrellae) linguiformis Summerhayes, sp. nov.;
affinis H. Hochstetterianae Kraenzl. a qua foliis brevioribus, petali
partitione anteriore late lineari angustiore, labelli lobo intermedio
lateralibus satis longiore, antherae canalibus rectis nec apice incurv¬
atis, staminodiis simplicibus linguiformibus differt.

Herba terrestris, erecta, ultra 30 cm. alta. Folia infima ad
vaginas redacta, intermedia anguste lanceolata vel lineari-lanceo-
lata, acuta, plus minusve recurvata, 4-6 cm. Ionga, 9-12 mm. lata,
superiora in bracteas abeuntia. Racemus 10 cm. longus, 3 cm.
diametro, laxiuscule 18-florus; bracteae anguste lanceolatae,
acuminatae, 9-15 mm. longae. Flores erecto-patentes, partim
virides, partim albi, pro sectione mediocres; pedicelli cum ovario
circiter' 2 cm. longi. Sepalim intermedium elliptico-obovatum,
obtusum, concavum, 6 mm. longum, 2 mm. latum ; sepala lateralia
oblique obovata, lateraliter apiculata, 7 mm. Ionga, 3*5 mm.
lata. Petala bipartita; partitio posterior linearis, 5 mm. Ionga,
papillosa; partitio anterior late linearis, dimidio superiore
leviter angustata, acuta, 8 mm. Ionga, 0-7-0-8 mm. lata, papillosa,
Labellum tripartitum; partitiones lineari-filiformes, intermedia
10 mm. Ionga, laterales 6-7 mm. longae intermedia breviores;

v- ' v '■

calcar infeme filiforme, apicem versus paulo ampliatum, plus minusve
incurvatum, 18 mm. longum. Anther a subreclinata, 2 mm. alta,
canalibus porrectis apice non incurvatis 4 mm. longis ; staminodia
simplicia, linguiformia, circiter 1*5 mm. longa. Brachia stigmatifera
porrecta, apice oblique clavata, 5-6 mm. longa; rostelli lobus
intermedius lineari-dentiformis, fere 1*5 mm. longus; ovarium

9- 10 mm. longum.

Northern Nigeria. Plain between Bukuru and Hepham,
1290 m., July 1921, Lely 343A.

A typical member of the section, closely allied to H . Hoch-
stetteriana Kraenzl., an East African species, but differing in a
number of minor points. It was collected with H. limnophila
Summerhayes, but not distinguished by the collector.

Habenaria (§ Bilabrellae) Maitlandii Summerhayes , sp. nov.;
a H. limnophila Summerhayes calcari dimidio superiore sensim
dilatato apice clavato obtuso differt.

Herb a terrestris, glabra, 25-35 cm * caule erecto terete.

Folia inferiora circiter 3, linearia, acuta, basi vaginantia, usque
10 cm. longa, 10-14 hub* lata, superiora 3-4, lanceolata, acuminata,
sursum decrescentia in bracteas abeuntia. Racemus laxiuscule

10- 15-florus, 7-11 cm. longus, 3-4 cm. diametro ; bracteae lanceo-
latae, acuminatae, 1-2 cm. longae. Flores suberecti, albi, pedicello
cum ovario 2-2-5 Qm - lougo. Sepalum intermedium ellipticum,
subacutum, 5-6 mm. longum, 3 mm. latum, reflexum; sepala
lateralia oblique obovata, lateraliter apiculata, 7-8 mm. longa,
4-5 mm. lata, reflexa. Petala bipartita, papillosa; partitio pos¬
terior linearis, 5-6 mm. longa; partitio anterior e basi angustiore
lineari-lanceolata, apice sensim angustata, 8-9 mm. longa, 1-2 mm.
lata. Labellum ex ungue fere 2 mm. longa tripartitum; partitio
intermedia linearis, acuta, 10 mm. longa, circiter 075 mm. lata; parti-
tiones laterales anguste lineares, 7-8 mm. longae, 0-4 mm. latae; calcar
dependens, 10-11 mm. longum, dimidio superiore sensim dilatatum,
apice clavatum, obtusum. Anther a erecta, 2-3 mm, alta, canalibus
gracilibus 4-5 mm. longis; staminodia biloba, fere 1 mm. longa.
Brachia stigmatifera gracilia, apice capitata, 4-5 mm. longa;
rostelli lobus intermedius triangulari-subulatus, acutissimus,
2*75 mm. longus ; ovarium 8-9 mm. longum.

Southern Nigeria. Bamenda District, Uchan, on mount ain
slope among grass, 1680 m., June 1931, Maitland 1386,

Another typical species of sect. Bilabrellae , very similar to H.
limnophila Summerhayes but differing in its rather less stiff growth
and particularly in the shape of the spur. There are also other
slight floral differences which are not easily expressed in words.

Habenaria (§ Bilabrellae) pauper Summerhayes , sp. nov.;
inter species sectionis floribus parvis, petal! partitione posteriore
quam anterior breviore et latiore, labelli lobo intermedio lateralibus
fere duplo longiore distincta.

341

Herba terrestris, gracilis, glabra, circiter 30 cm. alta. Caulis
erectus, teres, dimidio inferiore paucifoliatus, dimidio superiore foliis
pluribus bracteiformibus instructus. Folia 3, linearia, acuta, basi
vaginantia, 4-8 cm. longa, 3-7 mm. lata. Racemus 4 cm. longus,
1 cm. diametro; bracteae lanceolatae, acuminatae, 5-7 mm.
longae. Flores subeiecti, albi; pedicelli cum ovario 6-8 mm. longi.
Sepalum intermedium elliptico-ovatum, 3 mm. longum, 1*5-2 mm.
latum; sepala lateralia oblique obovata, latere posteriore fere
recta, lateraliter, apiculata, 3 mm. longa, 2*5 mm. lata. Petala
bipartita; partitio posterior linearis, 2*7 mm. longa; partitio
anterior lanceolata-ligulata, acuta, margine anteriore sub apice
dente parvo instructa, 2*5 mm. longa, o*7-o*8 mm. lata. Labellum
ex ungue 0*5 mm. longa tripartitum; lobus intermedius linearis,
5-5*5 mm. longus, 0*3 mm. latus; lobi laterales lineari-filiformes,
3 mm. longi ; calcar dependens, dimidio superiore sensim inflatum,
obtusum, 6 mm. longum. Anthera erecta, 1*5 mm. alta, canalibus
gracilibus leviter incurvatis 2*5 mm. longis. Brachia stigmatifera
crassiuscula, apice capitatim incrassata, 2*5 mm. longa; rostelli
lobus intermedius e basi anguste triangulari subulatus, acutus, 1 mm.
longus ; ovarium 6-costatum, 4*5 mm. longum.

Southern Nigeria. Bamenda Station, among stones and
boulders in grassland, 1500 m., May 1931, Maitland 1562.

The species, which is unfortunately represented by a single speci¬
men, has flowers which conform to the normal type in sect,
j Bilabrellae, excepting that the dorsal sepal is not reflexed, but which
are much smaller than most others I have seen of this type. H.
dives Rchb. f. and its relatives, which have almost equally small
flowers, form, however, a distinct and rather anomalous group within
the section.

Habenarla (§ Plantagineae) prionocraspedon Summerhayes, sp.
nov.; H. Englerianae Kraenzl. affinis, a qua floribus minoribus,
labelli lobis lateralibus semi-ovatis, calcari 5-6 cm. longo facile
distinguenda.

Herba terrestris, erecta, ultra 35 cm. alta, basi non visa. Caulis
teres, e basi fere usque inflorescentiam foliatus. Folia 5, elliptico- vel
oblongo-lanceolata, acuta, apice ipso breviter setaceo-acuminata,
basi vaginantia, 12-18 cm. longa, 3 *5-5 *5 cm. lata. Racemus 13 cm.
longus, 10 cm. diametro, dense multiflorus; bracteae inferiores
foliosae, ceterae minores, lanceolatae, acuminatae, pedicello cum
ovario -saepius breviores. Flores subpatentes, ut videtur albi.
Sepalum intermedium late lanceolatum, acutum, concavum, erectum,
16-17 mm, longum, 6 mm. latum ; sepala lateralia deflexa, oblique
, semi-ovata, falcatim acuminata, 18 mm. longa, 7 mm. lata. Petala
simplicia, lineari-lanceolata, leviter recurvata, acuta, x6 mm, longa,
3 mm. lata, Labellum ex ungue cuneata trilobatum, in toto 3 cm.
longum, 2-5 cm. latum; lobus intermedius ligulatus, subacutus,
15 mm. longus, 3 mm. latus; lobi laterales late semi-ovati ex
intermedia leviter divergentes, basiintegri, supeme serrato-pectinati,

342 * * * * •/; -V i

16 mm. longi, infra medium ix mm. lati; calcar infeme gracile,
dimidio superiore sensum inflatum, clavatum, apice obtusum, satis
incurvatum, 5-6 cm. longum. Anthera erecta, 5-6 mm. alta,
canalibus crassiusculis leviter incurvatis 2-5 mm. longis; staminodia
parva, rotundata, 1 mm. longa et lata. Brachia stigmatifera clavata,
obtusa, apice connata, circiter 7 mm. longa; rostelli lobus inter-
medius anguste triangularis, acutissimus, leviter concavus, 2-5 mm.
longus.

Southern Nigeria. Ogoja District, Boshi, 1050 m„ Rosevear
61/29.

This beautiful species, which is closely allied to H. Engleriana
Kraenzl., finds its nearest relatives otherwise in India where sect.
Plantagineae is well represented. Unlike sect. Multipartitae , which
has a similar distribution, there are no representatives of the former
section as yet known from East Africa. The Indian species of sect.
Plantagineae, however, either have strikingly different flowers or else
the leaf arrangement is quite different. The usual type consists of a
group of large leaves near the base of the stem and a number of
reduced bract-like leaves in the upper half. In the two West African
species the true foliage leaves occur up the stem to the base of the
inflorescence.

Satyrium (§ Eusatyrium) fimbriatum Summerhayes, sp. nov. ;
affine 5 . membranaceo Sw. et 5 . Prmcipi Bolus, ab illo rostelli lobo
intermedio triangulari acuto nec ampliation semiorbiculari, ab hoc
statura foliis floribusque minoribus, florum colore, stigmate integro
differt.

Herba terrestris usque 40 cm. alta; tubera ovoidea, circiter
1 cm. longa. Folia 2, radicalia, humistrata, ovata vel suborbicu-
laria, subacuta vel obtusa, 3-7 cm. longa, 2-5-6 cm. lata, ut videtur
subcamosa. Scapus erectus, teres, glaber, vaginis 3-5 lanceolatis
acuminatis membranaceis subdistantibus instructus. Racemus
cylindricus, 6-10 cm. longus, circiter 2-5 cm. diametro, subdense

5- 16-florus; bracteae lanceolatae vel elliptico-lanceolatae, acutae
vel acuminatae, ovarium pedicellatum superantes, sub anthesi
dimidio superiore recurvatae. Sepalum intermedium ligulato-
oblanceolatum, obtusum, 8-10 mm. longum, 2-2-5 mm. latum;
sepala lateralia curvatim oblongo-lanceolata, subacuta, 8-11-5 mm.
longa, 2-5-3 Earn. lata; omnia sepala cum petalis basi adnata.
Petala elliptico-oblanceolata, subacuta, supeme marginibus lacerato-
fimbriatis, 8-10*5 Earn. longa, 2-5-3-5 mm. lata. Labellum late
eflipsoideum, leviter cucullatum, in toto 9-5-12 mm. longum, inferne

6- 7 mm. latum, in apicem suborbicularem ± reflexum marginibus
Iacerato-fimbriatis 3-5-4 mm. longum productum ; calcaxia gracilia,
ovario dr adpressa, cylindrica, circiter 3 cm. longa. Columna
incurvata, 3-5 mm. longa; labium stigmatiferum transverse
oblongo-ellipticum, 1*5-2 mm. altum, 3-4 mm. latum; rostellum
basi quadratum, lobis laterahbus brevissimis dentiformibus, lobo

343

intermedio triangulari acuto, totum rostellum 1*5-2 mm. longum,
basi 1*25-2 mm. latum.

Kenya Colony. Kinangop Plateau, Aberdare Mts., lower
slopes of Kipipiri, in open grassland close to forest edge, 2490 m.,
Honori 1877 (type); Tinderet, Mrs. Mainwaring 1287.

Flowers rose coloured or pale pink, scentless.

A remarkable species whose nearest relatives are the two South
African species mentioned in the diagnosis. The most striking
feature is the lacerate or fimbriate margins of the petals and of the
apex of the lip. The occurrence of a new species of this affinity so
remote geographically from the two older species is particularly
interesting, especially as neither of the southern species occurs in
Natal or the Transvaal.

XLVII.—THE GENUS STROBILANTHOPSIS.

E. Milne-Redhead.

The genus Strobilanthopsis was founded in 1900 by Spencer Moore
on a specimen collected by Rand at Fort Gibbs in Southern
Rhodesia, and named S. hircina. The genus remained monotypic
until 1911, when Moore transferred to it the Angolan plant,
Hygrophila ghitinifolia Lindau, and two years later he described yet
a third species, Strobilanthopsis Rogersii, from the Belgian Congo.

Moore apparently was very doubtful whether Rand’s specimen
deserved generic distinction, and proposed the new genus Strobilan¬
thopsis somewhat unwillingly. Further material, however, has
shown that he was undoubtedly correct in referring it to a new genus.
Strobilanthopsis seems to be most closely related to the genera
Mellera and Dysckoriste, and forms, as Moore suggested, a connecting
link between the subtribes Euruellieae and Strobilantheae as under¬
stood by Clarke, to which these two genera respectively belong. It
agrees with Mellera in its glandular calyx, with long strap-shaped
segments, in its pollen, and in its unpleasant goat-like scent, but is
readily separable on account of its subsessile leaves, its almost
regular corollas with upright subequal lobes, and its usually two-
seeded capsule. Mellera has markedly petioled leaves, strongly
zygomorphic corollas, and capsules with more than four seeds.
Strobilanthopsis differs from Dysckoriste in its calyx and its two-
seeded capsule.

Volume v. part 1 of The Flora of Tropical Africa, published in
1899, contains the description of Dyschoriste linifolia, a species
founded by C. B. Clarke on a specimen in the Hooker Herbarium at
Kew which was collected by Sir John Kirk in the Highlands of the
Batoka Country (Northern Rhodesia) between July and October
i860, and to which T. Anderson gave the manuscript name, Calo-
pkanes Hnifolius. Clarke adopted Anderson’s manuscript epithet,
UnifoliuSt for this species, and referred it to the genus Dyschoriste
Nees (1832)/which just antedates the genus Calophanes Don {1833),

, 344', - Xt

In his description of Dyschoriste linifolia , Clarke states that the
calyx is divided two-thirds of the way down, and a drawing made by
that author on thp type sheet shows three of the segments two-thirds,
and two slightly less than half, the total length of the calyx. An
examination of the type material reveals that the calyx-segments are
free almost to the base ; the calyx is about 18 mm. long, while the
segments are about 16-5 mm. long, giving a length of about 1*5 mm.
for the calyx-tube.

The linear strap-shaped lobes, very short tube and densely
glandular indumentum of the calyx, and the almost regular corolla,
together with the peculiar goat-like smell which is noticeable when
the inflorescence is boiled, at once place the plant in the genus
Strobilanthopsis S. Moore.

It appears that Moore overlooked Dyschoriste linifolia when he
founded* the genus Strobilanthopsis, and a comparison of S. hircina
with S. linifolia reveals the rather greater development of the lateral
shoots in Kirk’s specimen to be the chief point of difference. The
writer does not consider that this and other minor differences justify
the specific separation of 5 . hircina from S. linifolia .

Strobilanthopsis linifolia shows great variation in the size of its
calyx and corolla; the flowers of specimens gathered in the same
collecting may be far from uniform in this respect, whilst those from
different localities often vary to a still greater degree. The leaves
of this species fall into three classes, namely, those of the primary,
secondary and tertiary shoots, and the appearance of the specimens
is greatly influenced by the presence or absence of the secondary or
of the primary and secondary leaves. The primary leaves are rather
large, sometimes as much as 7 cm. long, and are evidently developed
during the wet season. The secondary leaves are similar to those of
the primaiy shoots, but are considerably smaller. Whilst the
primary leaves have usually fallen by the beginning of the dry season,
the secondary leaves are frequently persistent during the flowering
period. The small leaves of the short tertiary flowering shoots may
be either folded or expanded, and this character again greatly
influences the general appearance of the specimens. Specimens may
be found which appear to differ widely from each other, but, after a
careful examination of all the material in the Herbaria at Kew and at
the British Museum, the writer cannot find any satisfactory reasons
for believing that more than one species is represented by the
material here cited, and accordingly S. glutinifolia and 5 . Rogersii
should be considered as being conspecific with S. linifolia.

The description of a new species, S. prostrata, very close to, but
apparently distinct from, S. linifolia, is appended.

The genus Strobilanthopsis appears to be endemic in the south
tropical African plateau, having been recorded from the Katanga
province of the Belgian Congo, from Angola, from both Northern and
Southern Rhodesia and from Nyasaland. S. linifolia, grows in the
savannah country, often in stony places and on kopjes, but it is also to

345

be found growing in the dry loamy or sometimes sandy soils of the
Brachystegia or Cryptosepalum woodlands, where it is one of the last
herbs to continue in flower after the end of the rains. S. prostrata is
known only from the Kalahari sand area of the Mwinilunga
District of Northern Rhodesia, where the writer found it growing in
rather loose dry sand in open spaces in the Cryptosepalum woodland.

1 . Strobilanthopsis linifolia (T. Anders, ex C. B. CL) Milne-
Redhead, comb. nov.— Calophanes linifolius T. Anders, ms. in
Herb. Kew., et ex C. B. Cl. in FI. Trop. Afr. v. 76 (1899), pro syn.
Dyschoriste linifolia (T. Anders, ex C. B. Cl.) C. B. Cl. in FI. Trop.
Afr. v. 76 (1899). Strobilanthopsis hircina S. Moore in Joum. Bot.
xxxviii. 202 (1900) ; FI. Trop. Afr. v. 511 (1900); Engl. u. Prantl,
Pflanzenfam. Nachtr. iii. 322 (1908). Hygrophila glutinifolia Lindau
in Warb. Kunene-Sambesi Exped. 374 (1903). Strobilanthopsis
glutinifolia (Lindau) S. Moore in Joum. Bot. xlix. 296 (1911) ;
S. Moore in Joum. Bot. li. 213 (1913). Strobilanthopsis Rogersii S.
Moore in Joum. Bot. li. 188 (19x3).

Northern Rhodesia. Highlands of Batoka Country, without
precise locality, July-Oct. i860, Kirk s.n. (typus S. linifoliae in Herb.
Kew.). N’dola District: N’dola, Oct. 1906, Allen 318: "bushy
herb growing in loamy soil ” ; on sand at 1500 m. altitude at Bwana
M'Kubwa, July 1909, Rogers 8368. Broken Hill District: in stony
places in Brachystegia wood, at 1260 m. altitude, 45 Km. south-west
of Broken Hill, 13 July 1930, Hutchinson & Gillett 3609 : “ herb
with strong rank smell; flowers mauve ” ; between Lusaka and
Broken Hill, 13 July 1930, Pole Evans 2850. Mpika District:
common on kopjes at 1700 m. altitude 51 Km. north-east of Serenge
Corner, 25 July 1930, Hutchinson & Gillett 4077 : “ plant 6 dm. high,
flowers pale mauve." Fort Rosebery District: in dry semi-
cultivated soil near villages by Lake Bangweolo, at 900 m. altitude,
May 1924, Jel/3 (Herb. Mus. Brit.): ‘‘ shrubby plant 0*9 m. high with
slight scent; flowers pale yellow." Mumbwa District: Chinenga,
June-July 1911, Mrs. Macaulay 833 : " flowers blue.” Mwinilunga
District: on sand in Cryptosepalum woodland near R. Wamibobo,
6 Aug. 1930, Milne-Redhead 841 : “ perennial herb with very
aromatic unpleasant scent; calyx very glandular; flowers lilac with
orange throat and honey-guide.”

Southern Rhodesia. Fort Gibbs, Sept. 1898, Rand 640 (typus
S. hircinae in Herb. Mus. Brit.): " the plant has a rank disagreeable
odour." Senoia, among rocks, Sept. 1926, Rand 234 (Herb. Mus.
Brit.): " small undershrub covered with glandular hairs and with a
rank odour; flowers purple."

Nyasaland. Narawitawa (or Namwitawa) Mountain at 1600-
,2000 m, altitude. Sept. 1902, McClounie 77 ; “ plant rarely over
,3 dm. high."

. Angola. In sandy places under trees between R. Longa and R.
Laiingua, at 1350 m. altitude, 18 April 1900, Baum 830 (typus S.
gUtUnifoliae). In mixed woods in company with Plectranthus

34^ ' a- ' ' •

floribundus N.E. Br. and Dicoma elegans Welw. in rocky situations on
Mt. Amaral, Cunene, 2 Aug. 1905, Gossweiler 1835 (Herb. Mus. Brit.) :
“ a suffruticose herb 6 dm. high; primary stems erect, branched,
sparsely leafy; corolla tube brownish, rim violet-coloured.”
Common in herb grown short thickets at Kassuango, Kuiriri, 10 April
1906, Gossweiler 2gyg (Herb. Mus. Brit.) : “ a suffruticose densely
branched undershiub of greyish green coloration; branches
ascending, rigid; leaves thick, sub-fleshy, glandular hairy, with a
goaty odour; flowers ascending, campanulate; tube brownish,
blue on outside ; limb pale bluish with five equal lobes.”

Belgian Congo. Near Sakania, 1200 m. altitude, 18 Aug.
1911, Rogers 10021. Kamatanda, about 120 Km. north of Elisabeth-
ville, Oct. 1912, Rogers 1032 g (typus S. Rogersii in Herb. Mus. Brit.).
Elisabethville, at 1200 m. altitude, Rogers 26255 (Herb. Mus. Brit.) :
“ viscid and aromatic plant growing up to i*8 m. high.” Elisabeth¬
ville, 27 May 1912, Bequaert 463 (Herb. Brux.).

2. Strobilanthopsis prostrata Milne-Redhead, sp. nov. ; a S.
linifolia (T. Anders, ex C. B. Cl.) Milne-Redhead, habitu prostrato,
foliis glabris differt.

Herba perennis; caules e caudice centrali undique humistrati,
6-7 dm. longi, valde ramosi, basin versus lignosi, apicem versus
glanduloso-pubescentes. Folia caulium principalium delapsa;
folia ramorum axillarium oblongo-oblanceolata, apice subacuta, basi
attenuata, sessilia, utrinque glabra, 2-5 cm. longa, vix 5 mm. lata.
Inflorescentiae axillares, 1-3-flores; bracteae lineares, circiter 8 mm.
longae, dense glanduloso-hirsutae. Calyx fere usque ad basin
5-partitus, 16-21 mm. longus, tubo 1*5 mm. longo incluso ; segmenta
subaequalia, linearia, vix 1 mm. lata, apice rotundata, dense glandu-
loso-hirsuta. Corolla lilacina 30 mm. longa, extra breviter glandu-
loso-pubescens; tubus 22 mm. longus, parte inferiore cylindrica
10 mm. longa, 2 mm. diametro, parte superiore aliquanto expansa,
fauce aurantiaca valde venoso-palatifera; lobi 5, subaequales,
obovato-oblongi, apice plus minusve emarginati, 8 mm. longi,
5-6 mm. lati. Stamina 4; filamenta parte inferiore per paria
lateralia (posticum cum antico) ope membranae angustissimae
16 mm. connata et tubo corollae 16 mm. inde a basi adnata (i.e.
parte connata libera nulla), parte superiore libera, ilia filamenti
postici circiter 5 mm. longa, antici circiter 6 mm. longa ; antherae
2*5 mm. longae, basi mucronatae. Ovarium 4-ovulatum, oblongum,
3 mm. altum, apicem versus breviter et parce glanduloso- et
eglanduloso-pubescens; discus breviter cupuliformis. Capsula
2-sperma, oblonga, aliquanto compressa, apice acuminata, basi
attenuata, 15 mm. longa, supra breviter glanduloso-pubescens.

Northern Rhodesia. Mwinilunga District: on sand in
Cryptosepalum woodland a few kilometres south of Mwinilunga, 26
Aug. 1930, Milne-Redhead gyi (typus in Herb. Kew.). Prostrate
perennial with branches radiating from central rootstock; leaves
glabrous; inflorescence glandular with goaty smell; flowers lilac
with orange throat.

347

XL VIII.— PLANTS NEW TO ASSAM : V.* C. E. C. Fischer.

Sorbus expansa Koehne [Pomaceae].

Known from China.

Delei Valley, Chibaon, 6000 ft., Kingdon Ward 8077. “ A shrub

or small tree of the mixed forest, chiefly in open situations along the
ridge.”

Sorbus Wenzigiana Koehne [Pomaceae].

Hitherto known from China.

Delei Valley, 12,000-13,000 ft., fls. June, Kingdon Ward 8384.
" Scrubby shrub with black bark and knobby stems rising a little
above the scrub Rhododendrons. Fls. reddish-crimson.”

Potentilla microphylla Don [Rosaceae].

Described from Garhwal to Sikkim.

Delei Valley, Kaso, 4000 ft., fls. July, Kingdon Ward 8407.
“ Forms flat cushions on the sodden alpine turf slopes where there is
still plenty of snow. Fls. buttercup-yellow.”

Potentilla monanthes Lindl. var. sibthorpioides Hook . /.
[Rosaceae].

Reported only from Sikkim.

Delei Valley, Kaso, 13,000 ft., fls. July, Kingdon Ward 8426.
" A flat rosette-plant on alpine slopes among patches of dwarf
Juniper. Fls. bright-yellow.”

Rubus pectinaris Focke [Rubiaceae].

Known from China.

Delei Valley, 10,000-11,000 ft. Fls. Aug., Kingdon Ward 8601.
“ Creeping plant with erect flowering shoots, forming a loose carpet
on open slopes in the Rhododendron-Abies forest. Fls. dark-pink.”

Chasalia lushaiensis C. E. C. Fischer [Rubiaceae].

This species, originally described from specimens from the Lushai
Hills, has been found by the same collector in fruit in the Garo Hills.
Tura Mountain, 4000 ft., fr. Oct., Mrs. N. E. Parry 790, 792.
Fruit subglobose or more or less didymous and then wider in one
direction than long, 6-7 mm. long, up to 9 mm. wide, smooth, black.
Seeds hemispheric, inner face deeply concave. Lushai name:
Ampangthuam .

Paederia Gruddasiana Drain [Rubiaceae].

Found in the Kachin Hills.

Garo Hills, Tura, 1300 ft,, fls. and fr. Oct., Mrs. N. E. Parry 742.
” Flowers dull blueish-white, deep reddish-mauve within the tube.”
Garo name: Pasim.

. The plant is described as quite glabrous except the corolla, but
r the syntype specimens at Kew have the upper part of the rhachis of
the inflorescence and its divisions minutely puberulous and the bracts

, ^Continued from K.B. 1932, 203.

34$ ' "'V •' ' '-r# .• , •

ciliate. In the Garo Hills specimens the indumentum is sometimes
denser.

Colquhounia Seguini Van. [Labiatae].

From W. China.

S. Lushai Hills, near Lungleh, 4000 ft., fl. and fr. Feb., W. J. L.
Wenger 436. " A straggling bush in moderately thick forest. Fl.
dull-red.”

This specimen seems to be half-way between the typical form
and var. pilosa Rehd., being more pilose than the former but less
densely so than the latter.

Molineria oligantha C. E. C. Fischer, sp. nov. [Amaryllidaceae];
M. Finlaysonianue Baker similis, scapis 2-3-floris, bracteis flori-
busque multo majoribus differt.

A herb ; root fibrous ; base of stem thickened by the persistent
widened bases of the leaf-petioles. Leaves several, narrowly
elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate at both ends, plicate, 16-30 cm. long,
1*7-3-8 cm. wide, glabrous, margins sometimes bearing minute,
distant glands; petioles 6-15 cm. long, eventually breaking up into
fibres. Racemes 1-2, radical, 2-3-flowered, 8-10 cm. long, slender
gradually thickening up to the first flower, thinly fulvous-tomentose.
Bracts lanceolate, finely acuminate, 1*9-2 cm. long, margins sparsely
fulvous-villous. Pedicels 5-6 mm. long, thinly fulvous-hairy.
Perianth 3 cm. diam., segments in 2 rows ; the 3 outer elliptic-oblong,
acute, thick, i*i cm. long, with an apical tuft of hairs, glabrous or
with a line of fulvous hairs on the back ; the 3 inner subcircular or
broadly oblong, obtuse, petaloid, 1 cm. long, glabrous. Stamens 6,
free; filaments very short; anthers linear-oblong, obtuse, base
shortly 2-lobed, 6 mm. long. Ovary i*i cm. long, densely fulvous-
villous ; 3-celled; ovules several, subdiscoid; style linear, 8 mm.
long, apex clavate. Fruit not seen.

Delei Valley, 7000-8000 ft.. As. May, Kingdon Ward 8190.
" Undergrowth in the temperate rain-forest. Flowers bright
sulphur-yellow, sweetly fragrant.”

XLIX.—LAUGERIA “VAHL ” = TEREBRARIA KUNTZE.

T. A. Sprague.

A new genus of Rubiaceae was described by J. D. Hooker in
Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PL ii. 101 (1863) under the name
“ Laugeria, Vahl, Eel. 26,1.10, non Jacq.” Vahl, however, proposed
no genus of that name : what he did was to publish descriptions of
one old species (Symb. Bot. iii. 40 : 1794) and two new species of the
pre-existing genus Laugieria Jacq. (1760), using the spelling
" Laugeria ” adopted by Linn6 in 1767 (Syst. ed. 12,177). Hooker
founded a new genus on one of the new species, L. resinosa Vahl, and
should therefore have given it a new generic name. The name
“ Laugeria Vahl ” was, nevertheless, accepted without question by
K. Schumann in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. Abt. 4, 96

349

(1891), Hitchcock in Miss. Bot. Gard. Rep. iv. 93 (1893), Urban,
Symb. Ant. iv. 592 (1911), Wemham in Joum. Bot. 1916, 332, and
Britton & Wilson, Bot. Porto Rico & Virgin Isl. 238 (1925).

In 1903, Otto Kuntze, who was a very accurate and painstaking
bibliographical worker, detected the error, and reduced Laugeria
" Vahl ” Hook. f. to Terebraria DC. (1830). De Candolle, however,
should not be cited as the author of Terebraria, as he merely cited
Terebraria Sess6 as a synonym of Guetfarda resinosa (Vahl) Pers.
Terebraria, as a valid generic name, dates from 1903, when it was
adopted by Kuntze in place of Laugeria Hook. f. The synonymy
and distribution of the genus and its two species are as follows :—

Terebraria Kuntze in Post et Kuntze Lexic. Gen. Phan. 552 (1903).
Laugeria Hook. f. in Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. ii. 101 (1863), non
Laugieria Jacq. (1760); Dalla Torre et Harms, Gen. Siphonog. 501

(1905).

T. resinosa (Vahl) Sprague, comb. nov.— Laugeria resinosa Vahl,
Eel. i. 27 (1796) ; Urb. Symb. Antill. iv. 592 (1911) ; Britton & P.
Wils. Bot. Porto Rico & Virgin Isl. 238 (1925). Guettarda resinosa
Pers. Syn. i. 201 (1805). Stenostomum resinosum Griseb. FI. Brit.
W. Ind. 334 (1861). Antirrhoea resinosa Cook & Coll, in Contrib.

U. S. Nat. Herb. viii. 82 (1903).

Distrib. Porto Rico, Montserrat (loc. typ.) Dominica, Martinique
St. Vincent.

T. densiflora (Griseb.) Sprague, comb. nov.— Stenostomum densi-
florum Wright ex Griseb. Cat. PI. Cub. 132 (1866) ; Britton &
Millsp. Bahama FI. 415 (1920). Laugeria densiflora Hitchcock in
Miss. Bot. Gard. Rep. iv. 93 (1893).

Distrib. Bahamas, Cuba (loc. typ.), Haiti.

The two species are superficially similar, but may easily be dis¬
tinguished by the venation, which is more or less parallel and at right
angles to the midrib with oblong or linear areoles in T. resinosa, and
closely and irregularly reticulate with isodiametric or short areoles
in T. densiflora.

b .—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Hay Collection of Flower Paintings and Wood Specimens.
A bequest by the late Dr. Alfred Hay of his collection of wood
specimens and flower paintings has recently been received at Kew,
Dr. Hay spent many years in India. He was attached at one time
to the Royal Indian Engineering College, Coopers Hill, and later
(1908-23) was Professor of Electrical Technology at the Indian
Institute of Science, Bangalore. It was during vacation periods
spent largely in the hills in Mysore that Dr. Hay was able to
devpte leisure hours to his hobby of illustrating the rich and varied
flora of his surroundings. .

350 : ' ■

The numerous paintings, which are in water-colours (body-
colours) and unmounted, constitute a valuable addition to the
collection of illustrations at Kew. Although the individual pictures
are in some instances incomplete, in the majority of them flowers,
fruit and leaves are faithfully depicted. Great pains appear to have
been taken by the artist in maintaining accuracy of detail and
colouring, and the talent displayed is of a high order.

The wood specimens consist mainly of small hand-specimens and
of plank-specimens several feet in length. About two dozen
different species are represented among the plank-specimens,
many of which are beautifully figured. The hand specimens of
Indian woods, numbering over two hundred and all specifically
named, include many little-known Indian woods. They were
received neatly housed in a specially made pull-drawer cabinet. A
useful set of some of the more important timbers of British Guiana is
also included among the miscellaneous hand-specimens.

Cacao. —The appearance of a. second edition* of this well-known
work on Cacao by Dr. C. J. J. Van Hall will be welcomed by all those
in any way interested in this crop. This new edition incorporates
the results of most of the important work that has been done on Cacao
since the appearance of the first edition in 1914. As work of this
sort is very scattered and appears in the literature of several different
countries, Dr. Van Hall has rendered a great service in having
collected and presented it in a condensed and readily available form.
Although similar in appearance to the first edition, and consisting of
approximately the same number of pages, there are important
additions and modifications in the subject matter. The first altera¬
tion that claims attention is the substitution of the word Cacao for
Cocoa on the title page. This is fitting, inasmuch as the book is
concerned with the production of the Cacao bean rather than with
its manufacture into cocoa or cocoa products. A chapter which was
devoted to the cocoa and chocolate industry in the original edition
has now been entirely omitted, no doubt because cocoa and chocolate
manufacture is so fully dealt with in other works. Its place is taken
by a discussion entitled “ Some characteristics of the Marketable
Bean/’ which is of far greater value to the practical producer.

Among the important new features is the chapter devoted to
selection. Here the author outlines the methods employed in
improving the crop and indicates the progress that has been made.
Vegetative propagation in Cacao —in common with many other
tropical plantation crops—has assumed considerable importance in
recent years. The author wisely devotes special attention to this
aspect of Cacao cultivation and improvement, and outlines the
improved technique in budding that has been evolved. Under the
heading of botanical characteristics the important advances that

* Cacao , by Dr. C. J. J. Van Hall. Second edition, revised, pp, xi+514,
with 176 illustrations. Macmillan & Co., Ltd,, St* Martin's Street, London,
1932. Price 28s.

351

have been made in the cytology of the plant are dealt with and
reference is made to the researches of such workers as Cheesman,
Kuyper, Heyn and others. The excellent illustrations that appear
of wild Cacao of the Forastero type are of particular interest. This
wild Cacao was first brought to light by Stahel in remote parts of
Surinam (see Kew Bulletin, 1930,1).

A large amount of additional information on diseases and insect
pests is incorporated and a summary is given of much of the
important work relating thereto that has been done on the Gold
Coast. The chapter on Cacao-growing countries, the most extensive
and perhaps the most important in the work, has been brought
thoroughly up-to-date. Great changes have obviously taken place
in the relative importance of different countries as Cacao producers
since 1914, and also in the methods of cultivation and preparation
employed. A noteworthy inclusion here is a chart showing the
exports of individual Cacao-producing countries from the period
*830-39 to the present time. f. n. h.

Appendices to the Kew Bulletin. —In future Appendix I of
the Bulletin, “The Review of the Work of the...Gardens... ", will be
bound up in the volume for the year to which it refers, instead of
in the volume for the subsequent year as at present, and the issue
of the “ List of Seeds...”, as Appendix II, will be discontinued. As
a result of these two changes the volume for the year 1932 will con¬
tain two Appendices, namely the “Reviews” for the years 1931
and 1932. Subsequent volumes will contain only one Appendix,
namely the “Review” for the current year.

The “ List of Seeds ” will continue to be issued as a separate
publication and those who have in the past received this list for the
purpose of seed-exchange will continue to do so. Those, on the
other hand, who have received it only as part of the Bulletin and
who do not exchange seeds with the Gardens, will not receive it in
future. Copies, however, will be available for purchase from H. M.
Stationery Office. In order to form an estimate of the number
of copies required, the Director would be glad if those readers
who wish to purchase the “ List ” in the future would communicate
with him before October 31,1932.

Mr. Adams* Works on Diatomaceae. —In the note on this
subject, Kew Bulletin, 1932, 250, the statement that Mr. Adams’
collections contained “21,000 slides comprising over 1,000,000
diatoms” should read “comprising over 100,000 diatoms.”

> Frtaed wider the authority of His MaJxsTT*s SurioitnaT Qmoi.
Bjr The South Essex Recorders, Ltd., High Road, Ilford,

(4S0) Wt71/8a 1M S.EJL Ltd, 6p. 9.

352 r ■

BULLETIN OF MISCELLMfg&g
INFORMATION No. 8 1932

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

LI. —CANTHIUM IN BRITISH EAST AFRICA.

A. A. Bullock.

Introduction.

Dr. Robyns’s excellent monograph of the tribe Vanguerieae*
has rendered that tribe of Rubiaceae one of the easiest of the family
to deal with in the herbarium, with the exception of the genus
Canthium Lam., the study of which Dr. Robyns deferred. At
Mr. J. Hutchinson’s suggestion the writer has attempted to arrange
systematically the East African species of this difficult genus ; the
present arrangement, however, is to be regarded as purely tentative,
the material available for study being in many cases incomplete
or too scanty to give any idea of the range of specific variation.
British East Africa as here understood includes the Uganda Protec¬
torate, Kenya Colony, and the Mandated Territory of Tanganyika.

In addition to the material in the Kew Herbarium, where the
benefit of Mr. Hutchinson’s advice and criticism has always been
obtainable, the writer is indebted to the authorities at the British
Museum (Natural History) for facilities for study in the herbarium
there, to Dr. Diels for the loan of much type and other material from
the Berlin Herbarium, and to Dr. Burtt Davy for the loan of material
from the herbarium of the Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford.

A relatively large number of new combinations has been found
necessary owing to the persistent use by some authors of the
Linnean name Plectronia for the genus. The reasons for abandoning
this name are here restated. Some hitherto undescribed species are
also included, some of which it has been necessary to describe from
rather poor or incomplete material. The key is more or less descrip¬
tive, and the characters mentioned are contrasted as far as possible ;
it is therefore necessary to read each pair of contrasted portions
completely, and not to rely too much on the opening phrase. The
drawings are the work of Miss S. Ross-Craig, to whom the author is
much indebted.

Except where otherwise stated, all the specimens cited have
been examined, and those not to be seen at Kew are followed by the
following abbreviations indicating the herbarium in which they are
contained:—

Ber.=Berlin.

B.M.—British Museum (Natural History).

Oxf.—Oxford (Imperial Forestry Institute).

Am.=Amani (Tanganyika).

* Robyns in Bull. lard. Bot. Brux. xi. fasc, 1 (1928).

353

History and Nomenclature.

The genus Plectronia was founded by Linnaeus 1 on a specimen
preserved in the Linnean herbarium and on a figure published by
Burmann 2 as " Rhamnus foliis subrotundo-acuminatis, fructu
racemoso.” The association of this figure with the Linnean
specimen under Plectronia was unfortunate, since the specimen and
figure are referable to two widely separated families, Ohniaceae and
Rubiaceae respectively.

It is not clear whether Thunberg 8 was aware of this discrepancy
when he described his genus Olinia ( 0 . cymosa), but there is not the
least doubt that it is identical with Linnaeus’ specimen of Plectronia.
To obviate nomenclatural difficulties in this case Sprague 4 has
proposed the conservation of Olinia Thunb. against Plectronia Linn.
There remains, however, the difficulty presented by Linnaeus’
citation of Burmann’s figure under the name Plectronia.

Lamarck 6 in 1795 described the genus Canthium, and
Burmann’s figure (2) is, in the opinion of most modem authors,
referable to it. De Candolle 6 , neglecting the Linnaean specimen,
referred both Plectronia and Canthium to the Rubiaceae, and main¬
tained both genera, in addition to Phallaria, a genus established
by Schumacher 7 to accommodate two West African species,
but afterwards reduced to Canthium by A. Richard 8 . Bentham
and Hooker 9 , and also Schumann 10 , regarded Plectronia and
Canthium as synonymous, and these authors therefore used the older
Linnean name. In 1898, however, Hiem 11 and later Robyns 12
pointed out that the synonymy was not complete.* It appears,
in fact, that the name Plectronia as applied to Burmann’s figure,
and hence to the Rubiaceae, is based on a wrong identification.
The earliest legitimate name for the plant represented by Burmann’s
figure is therefore Canthium Lam. The synonymy given below
(p. 358) is not by any means complete for the genus as a whole,
but it includes all the more important references, which lead to any
further information required by future workers.

As regards the species, nomenclatural difficulties are rarely
encountered. In this revision only one new name (C. euryoides
Bullock) is proposed in place of an earlier illegitimate name (C.

1 Lfixn Mant. 6 (1767).

9 Burm. PL Afr. 257, t. 94 (1739).

3 Thunb. in Roem. Arch. ii. 4 (1799).

4 Sprague in Prop. Brit. Bot. 85 (1929).

6 Lam. EncycL i. 602 (1795).

' *DC. Prodr. iv. 619 (1830).

7 Schum. et Thonn. PL Guin. 112 (1827).

*A. Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss, i. 350 (1847).

*Benth. et Hook, i Gen. Pl. ii, 110 (1873).

10 K. Schum. in Engl, et PrantL Nat, Pflanzenfam. iv. Abt. 4, 91 (1897).

- “Hiem, Cat. Welw. Afr, Pl. i. 472 (1898).

' “Robyns in Bull. Jard, Bot. Brux. xi. fasc. I. 7 (1928).

- *- Without ahy discussion Hiem had previously used the name Canthium
for this genus in thoFIora of Tropical Africa, iiL 132 (1877).

354 >*‘*v * -

nitens Hiem), and one new name for a species transferred from
Plectronia to Canthium, on account of preoccupation of the specific
epithet (P. lamprophylla K. Schum. becomes C. micans Bullock).
This is, of course, due to the fact that most of the African species
have been described since the publication of the Index Kewensis
and of the third volume of the Flora of Tropical Africa, and have a
very short nomenclatural history.

Value of Characters.

The genus, as represented in East Africa, includes several
highly critical small groups of species, but in general the specific
limits are fairly readily discernible. Four primary series are
tentatively suggested, though further subdivision, especially of the
Pedunculate Series , will be necessary.

The Pedunculate Series, including 30 species, is characterised
by a cymosely branched inflorescence, the typical form being shown
in figure 1, illustrating C. venosum. This becomes variously
modified in other species, an extreme case being C. Robynsianum
(figure 2). In C. bibracteatum the cyme branches once only (or not
at all), die two arms terminating in many-flowered false umbels,
while in C. subopacum the inflorescence is branched from the extreme
base, a fact which led Schumann and Krause to describe the flowers
as fasciculate. Although the pentamery or tetramery of the flowers
of this series proves useful,* it was found that a more natural
arrangement was made possible by first separating all the very hairy
species from those which have almost or quite glabrous stems and
leaves. In the latter it is usually found that the inflorescence
branches are finely puberalous, as for example in C. vulgare and C.
rubrocostatum. In general, the hirsute species are scrambling plants,
the branchlets being inserted 1 at right angles to the main stem, while
the glabrous species are usually erect shrubs or trees. Exceptions
are the fairly common C. zanzibaricum, which is sometimes rather
densely pubescent in the young stage, but rapidly becomes glabrous,
and the less common but widely distributed C. venosum, which some¬
times retains its indumentum, especially on the branches, even when
mature. The indumentum of various groups of species is very
characteristic. In the C. Gueinzii group, for instance, the stems are
very densely hairy, the indumentum in some cases being shortly
tomentellous with an admixture of long, more or less stiff, setose
hairs, the latter being exclusively present on the lower surface of the
leaves and especially on the inflorescence branches. In the C. vulgare
group, on the other hand, the stems and leaves are, as a rule, perfectly
glabrous and the inflorescence branches are finely puberulous; this
group includes only trees and erect shrubs with ascending branchlets.

* Some species are included of which flowers have not been seen; in
several cases the remains of the calyx in the fruiting stage has given the
necessary information; and in a few the position of the species has been
inferred from its general affinities.

355

The mode of growth of the erect species shows two interesting
forms. C. vulgare and its allies produce elongated shoots with
several pairs of leaves, the stipules being early deciduous, leaving
only a faint scar; whereas C. crassum, C. Siebenlistii and their
allies produce but one pair of leaves each season, the stipules are
very persistent, become woody, and the intemodes are often much
abbreviated. The extreme case of this last condition is seen in C.

'pseadoverticillatum where the leaves appear to be in whorls of four
owing to the extreme shortness of the opposite branchlets. C.
Robynsianum also produces very short intemodes, but one of the
axillary buds in each pair of leaves is usually dormant. In a few
cases specific limits are ill-defined, especially in the C. Gueinzii
alliance. The species overlap both in characters and distribution,
and it seems certain that hybridisation has taken place.

Leaf-shapes, excepting apical and basal characters, although
usually mentioned, have not been used to any great extent in differ¬
entiating species. This is not on account of pronounced variability,
nor even because most of the species produce similar leaves ; shape
and texture are in fact highly specific characters, but the personal
factor encountered when describing them renders their use confusing,
and it was not considered advisable to depend upon them.

As a rule, reduction in the number of flowers in each cyme, as in
C. captum compared with C. Gueinzii, is accompanied by the develop¬
ment of stouter, shorter pedicels, and a further corresponding
development is seen in the production of fewer, much larger fruits.
The case of C. Robynsianum is an exception. Here, as shown in
figure 2, the cymes are reduced to about three small flowers, but
the pedicels have remained extremely slender.

The modified cymes found in C. bibracteatum and C. subopacum
(see above, p. 355) provide interesting connections with the
Anomalous and Fasciculate Series respectively. Both are rather
anomalous members of the group in which they are placed here;
and in general appearance C. subopacum more strongly resembles
some of the Fasciculate Series than any other species, while the
resemblance between C. bibracteatum and the Anomalous Series
is also most marked.

The main types of flower structure met with in the genus are
illustrated in figures 1-4. The flower characters are not of great
value in specific differentiation, but C. Kaessneri can be separated
easily on account of its large corolla. The Spinose and Anamolous
Series have very small flowers, but otherwise variation in size is not
marked. The shape of the stigma and anthers is of serial value.

, Ecological Distribution and Growth Form.
t The Spinose Series , represented here by C. glaucum, includes
spiny shrubs or trees of the coastal and fringing forests. C. glaucum
itself has been collected only near the coast in Kenya Colony, but its

356

more southern counterpart, C. Frangula* occurs far inland on the
banks of the Zambesi.

The Anomalous Series, comprising erect trees and shrubs, is also
entirely eastern in range, and constitutes an endemic group confined
to the littoral and sublittoral regions, penetrating inland only where
the soil is exceptionally saline. Its species are somewhat anomalous
in the genus, with characteristic coriaceous leaves and large mem¬
branous stipules. They are linked taxonomically with the Peduncu¬
late Series by C. bibracteatum, which is a shrub or small tree of
similar habit, confined on the mainland to the eastern littoral, but
extending through Zanzibar and Pemba to the more distant
Mascarene Islands; it is the only species considered here which
extends farther from the mainland than Zanzibar and Pemba.

The Fasciculate Series includes, in the main, trees and erect shrubs
of the subtropical rain forests, though several of the group occur
in the tropical rain forests of West Africa, and some, such els C.
recurvifolium, are littoral thorn-scrub shrubs. C. euryoides is found
westwards to the Niger river as well as in East Africa, and C.
Kaessneri is known from only three localities—one in Kenya Colony,
one in Tanganyika and one in Portuguese East Africa.

The most interesting but at the same time most complex group
is undoubtedly the Pedunculate Series , which for distribution purposes
may be split up into three main groups which are also fairly distinct
taxonomically. They will be referred to as shown in the " key ”
below, and though such a classification is naturally imperfect, the
great majority of the species concerned fit into it very well.

Erect glabrous trees and shrubs :

Branchlets elongated, with several pairs of leaves.

C. vulgare group.

Branchlets short, with only one pair of leaves.

C. lactescens group.

Scrambling (or sometimes erect) coarsely hairy shrubs with

elongated branchlets inserted at right angles.. .C, Gueinzii group.

The C. vulgare group are typically trees or erect shrubs of the rain
forest areas, some of which produce good timber.

Trees and shrubs of quite different aspect are included in the C.
lactescens group. These are plants of the fire-swept open woodlands
and deciduous (Brachysiegia) forests. They frequently develop a
thick bark which serves as a protection against fire. Each
branchlet produces only one pair of leaves each season, and the
intemodes are often much abbreviated.

The last group is the most complex of all, and contains the most
numerous apparent contradictions. The species seem to be to a
great extent independent of environmental conditions, and produce
different habit forms to suit the particular conditions to which they
are exposed. Typically, however, the y are scrambling shrubs of the

* See note in enumeration under C. glaucum Hiem.

357

rain and fringing forests, but some of them at least thrive also as
erect shrubs of the open woodlands and deciduous forest lands.
They appear to be deciduous or evergreen according to the type of
country in which they occur, and correlated with this great flexibility
their geographical range is equally extensive. C. Gueinzii itself is
the most widely distributed species in Africa, while C. zanzibaricum,
C. venosum , C. sylvaticum and C. scabrosum have also very extensive
geographical ranges.

CANTHIUM Lam.

Lam. Encycl. i. 602 (1785)*; DC. Prodr. iv. 473 (1830) ; A. Rich.
Tent. FI. Abyss, i. 350 (1847) ; Hiem in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. iii. 132
(1877), et Cat. Welw. Afr. PI. i. 472 (1898); Baill. Adans. xii. 179
(1878), partim ; Robyns in Bull. Jard. Bot. Brux. xi. fasc. 1. (1928),
in clavi et obs.; Hutch, et J.M. Dalz. FI. W. Trop. Afr. ii. 112 (1931).

Phallaria Schum. in Schum. et Thonn. Beskr. Guin. PI. 112
(1827); DC. Prodr. iv. 619 (1830).

Plectronia DC. Prodr. iv. 475 (1830); Benth. et Hook. f. Gen.
PI. ii. no (1873); K. Schum. in Engl, et Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.
iv. Abt. 4, 91 (1897), et in Engl. Hochgebergsfl. Trop. Afr. 399 (1892),
et in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C. 385 (1895) ; non Linn. Mant. 6.
(1767), nec Lour. FI. Cochinch. 162 (1790}.

Keetia Phillips, Gen. S. Afr. FI. PI. 587 (1926), et in Bothalia, ii.
368 (1927).

Calyx : tube (i.e. the portion adnate to the inferior ovary) short,
obconic, turbinate, hemispherical or globose; limb very short,
cupular or annular, truncate or 4-5-dentate, usually persistent.
Corolla: tube short, cylindrical or broadly funnel-shaped, villous
at the throat, glabrous outside; limb 4-5-lobed, lobes valvate,
erect, spreading or reflexed, as long as or longer than the tube,
rarely shorter, oblong or triangular, acute or subacute, glabrous
outside or sometimes strigose-pilose towards the apex. Stamens 4-5,
inserted at or just below the throat of the corolla ; filaments very
short, filiform, or almost obsolete; anthers dorso-basifixed, oblong,
obtuse or very obscurely mucronate. Disk annular, fleshy. Ovary
invariably 2-locular; style usually exserted, or sometimes scarcely
as long as the corolla-tube, often more than twice as long as the
corolla-tube; stigma capitate, mitriform or subglobose, truncate
at the base and apex, or somewhat deeply bilobed, often sulcate.
Ovules solitary, anatropous, pendulous. Drupes didymous or by
abortion one-celled; cells globose or ellipsoid.— Shrubs or trees ,
armed or unarmed* often scandent, with terete or square branchlets.
Leaves opposite, chartaceous or coriaceous, shortly petiolate.
Stipules interpetiolar, triangular, acuminate or long-cuspidate,
or ovate-lanceolate and acute, persistent or often early deciduous.

* For dates of publication of the parts of this work see Jourcu Bot. xliv.
318 {1906). , -

,35S * ' V 1 V -■ - ’ -

Flowers axillary in pedunculate corymbose cymes, often modified,
or in sessile fascicles, or rarely solitary, white, cream or greenish.
Fruits small or rarely attaining 3 cm. or more in diameter, woody or
fleshy.

Key to Series.*

Shrubs or trees armed with supra-axillary spines.

I. Spinose Series (p. 359).

Shrubs or trees without spines :

Inflorescence a pedunculate or sessile cyme (sometimes much
modified); corolla-lobes usually spreading or reflexed (erect
in C. Robynsianum, C. telidosma and C. microdon) .

II. Pedunculate Series (p. 360).
Inflorescence a sessile fascicle, or flowers solitary :

Corolla-lobes spreading or reflexed ; stigma longer than its
diameter, deeply 2-deft; stipules more or less coriaceous
(margins often membranous) usually subulate or long
acuminate from a broad triangular base.

III. Fasciculate Series (p. 381).
Corolla-lobes erect; stigma subglobose, entire; stipules

membranous, ovate or lanceolate, subacute or acute,
but not subulate or long acuminate as above.

IV. Anomalous Series (p. 386).

1 .—Spinose Series.

Small glabrous forest tree armed with supra-axillary spines about
1 cm. long; leaves produced in single pairs on the very short
lateral shoots, elliptic, 2-2-5 cm. long and about 1-5 cm. broad,
apex obtuse or subacute, rounded to cuneate at the base, thinly
herbaceous; flowers in shortly-pedunculate false umbels;
peduncle 5 mm. long; pedicels 6-8 mm. long; calyx deeply

5-dentate ; corolla apiculate, 2-5 mm. long in bud.

1. C. glaucum.

1. Canthinm glaucum Hiern in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. iii. 134 (1877),
partim, quoad specim. keniense.— Plectronia glauca K, Schum. in
Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C. 386 (1895), quoad specim. keniense.

Kenya Colony. “ Somali Coast; Sola River,” April, Kirk
s.n. (type). Arabuko, Malindi District, a small somewhat scandent
forest tree up to 20 ft. high, with greenish flowers, March, Graham

2352.

It is many years since Hutchinson recorded in a manuscript note
in the Kew Herbarium the fact that Kirk’s Zambesi-land specimen

♦Since only a portion of the genus is under consideration the series
employed here are not intended to have any nomendatural value, and Latin
names are not, therefore, applied to them. The Spinose Series, it may be
noted, corresponds with Schumann's section Armatae, but the others are not
paralleled in any other classification.

359

collected at Tette, and cited by Hiem under this name, is not con-
speciiic. C. glaucum had not been collected since the first specimen
was sent to Kew until Mr. Graham’s excellent material was received
in 1930, and this leaves no doubt that the Zambesi specimen belongs
to a distinct though closely allied species. I have been unable to
trace the exact location of the Sola River, but it seems likely that it is
included in the Malindi District. The Zambesi plant is identical
with C. Frangida S. Moore, described in the account of Mr. C. F. M.
Swynnerton’s Gazaland plants in the Journal of the Linnean
Society (Botany), vol. xl. p. 89 (1911).

II.—Pedunculate Series.

♦Peduncle more or less well developed, always readily distinguish¬
able (very short and filiform in C. Robynsianum).
f Branchlets elongated, always with many pairs of leaves (except
C. indidum) more less densely pubescent, setose, woolly
tomentose or tomentellous, or if only slightly pubescent, then
flowers 4-merous :

Leaves shortly and densely tomentose below and/or branchlets

densely woolly tomentose (see below).30. C. crassum

Leaves never tomentose below; branchlets at most shortly
tomentellous, never woolly:

Corolla-lobes strigulose-pilose outside:

Cymes 1-2-flowered; ovary very densely golden-
pubescent, globose ; leaves ovate to ovate-lanceolate
or elliptic, apex obtuse or subacute, rounded at the
base, about 2-4 cm. long and 1-2 cm. broad, thinly
hispidulous above, more densely so below, especially
on the nerves (see also in the Fasciculate Series below)

2. C. telidosma

Cymes 3- or more-flowered; ovary thinly pubescent,
minute; leaves very much as above, but smaller,
glabrous above except on the midrib, and very thinly

hispidulous below.3. C. microdon

Corolla-lobes glabrous outside :

^Leaves pubescent or hispidulous all over the upper
surface:

Leaves long-attenuate or acute at the base, apex
rounded, oblanceolate to oblong or oblong-elliptic,
about 6 cm. long and 1*5-3 cm. broad, hispidulous
above and below, minutely scabrescent above;
flowers in very shortly-pedunculate glomerulate
cymes; calyx subacutely 5-dentate; corolla
rounded in bud, 4 mm. long; branchlets hispidulous,

baxk greyish-brown....4. C. sordidum

: Leaves acute at the base, acute or acuminate at the

apex (see below).....13. C. huillense.

360 ’ ' - .; ■ , * ’

Leaves rounded to subcordate at the base, apex obtuse
to acuminate:

Branchlets rather thinly spreading-setose (see below)

9. C. kispidum

Branchlets densely tomentellous:

Leaves elliptic or broadly oblong-elliptic, apex
obtuse, rounded at the base, 4-6*5 cm. long,
2-5-4 cm. broad, velvety-pubescent, especially
on the midrib and 3-5 pairs of lateral nerves
below, drying bluish-black; petioles 5-8 mm.
long; branchlets short, developing only one pair
of leaves each growth-season ; bark very light

greyish-brown, powdery.5. C. indutum

Leaves lanceolate to oblong, acutely acuminate,
subcordate at the base, 6-11 cm. long, 2-5-5 cm.
(or more) broad, long-pubescent especially on
the midrib and 7-9 pairs of lateral nerves
below, scabrescent above, drying greenish-
brown ; petioles 2-4 mm. long; branchlets
elongated with several pairs of leaves; bark

dark brown, smooth.6. C. scabrosum

Leaves glabrous above or adpressed-pubescent only on
the midrib and lateral nerves (rarely a few scattered
setae present) :

§Branchlets tomentellous with sometimes a few
spreading setae also present; leaf-margins not
ciliate:

Leaves rounded, not cordate at the base, oblong-
elliptic to ovate or obovate, abruptly narrowed to
the broadly rounded apex, minutely mucronu-
late, 5-6-5 cm. long and up to 4 cm. broad,
glabrous above, pubescent below, the midrib and
5-6 pairs of lateral nerves densely tomentellous,
sometimes becoming almost glabrous in age,
tertiary veins not impressed above; petioles
tomentose; calyx tomentose, with 5 triangular

teeth...7. C. purpurascens

Leaves distinctly cordate at the base, oblong or
rather broadly oblong-lanceolate, acutely and
rather gradually acuminate, up to 10 cm. long and
4 cm. broad, adpressed pubescent on the midrib
and 6-8 pairs of lateral nerves above, tertiary
veins impressed, hispidulous below, especially on
the nerves; petioles hispid; calyx triangular-5-
dentate, setose-pubescent, but less densely so than

the slender pedicels...8. C. Gueinzii

Leaves rounded to subacute at the base, apex
abruptly acuminate, rather thinly adpressed or

361

spreading pubescent on the nerves below (see

below) ...ii. C. sylvaticum

§§Branchlets persistently thinly spreading long-setose ;
leaves oblong to narrowly oblong-ovate, acutely
acuminate, subcordate at the base, up to 14 cm. long
and 5 cm. broad, thinly setose-pubescent below,
especially on the midrib and 6-8 pairs of lateral
nerves and sometimes with a few scattered setae
above, margins thinly ciliate, tertiary veins not
impressed above.9. C. hispidum .

§§§Branchlets adpressed pubescent or puberulous, more
or less glabrescent (very glabrescent in C. charadro-
philum) ; leaves acute to rounded at the base :
Drupes comparatively small, the cells not exceeding
8 mm. diam., fairly numerous in each infructes-
cence:

Leaves markedly parallel-venose above (see below)
14. C. venosum

Leaves not as above, tertiary veins rarely visible
above:

Calyx rather deeply and acutely triangular-den¬
tate ; inflorescence-branches long-pubescent;
scrambling shrubs with the branchlets
inserted at right-angles; leaves narrowly
oblong to oblong-elliptic:

Inflorescence lax, multiflorous; branchlets
rather thinly pubescent, glabrescent ;
leaves up to 10 cm. long and 3*5 cm. broad ;
intemodes very long, up to 6 cm. long......

10. C. charadrophilum
Inflorescence rather congested ; branchlets
rather densely pubescent; leaves about
7-9 cm. long and up to 4 cm. broad; inter¬
nodes about 2-3 cm. long...n. C. sylvaticum
Calyx subtruncate or minutely denticulate;
inflorescence-branches shortly pubescent;
leaves ovate, 3-5 cm. long, 1*5-3 cm. broad,
subacute to acuminate, rather shortly pubes¬
cent on the midrib and lateral nerves,
especially below, or sometimes almost glab¬
rous ; pedicels slender, 5-8 mm. long, densely
shortly pubescent; an erect shrub with

ascending branchlets...13. C. huillense

Drupes large, the cells at least 1*5 cm. diam., about
. 2 in each infructescence ; leaves broadly elliptic,
abruptly acuminate, 8-10 cm. long, 3-5 cm.
broad, thinly adpressed-pubescent on the midrib
and lateral nerves; branchlets inserted at right-
angles, bark grey.,*....*.....13. C. Brownii

jf Branchlets much abbreviated and bifoliate, or elongated,
multifoliate and glabrous, or if slightly pubescent or puberu-
lous then flowers 5-merous; inflorescence cymose or
subumbellate:

JFlowers 4-merous:

Inflorescence a dichasial cyme :

Leaves markedly parallel-venose above, lanceolate to
rather narrowly ovate, up to 12 cm. long and 4-5 cm.
broad, acute to acutely acuminate, cuneate to rounded
at the base, glabrous when mature except in the axils
of the 4-5 pairs of lateral nerves below, drying rusty
brown ; bark greyish; drupes small, numerous,

didymous or globose.14. C. venosum

Leaves not as above, tertiary nerves, when visible,
reticulate:

Scrambling shrubs with the branchlets inserted at
right angles:

Leaves oblong, acute or subacute, acute at the base,
about 7*5 cm. long and up to 3 cm. broad, thinly

pilose on the nerves below.15. C. syringodorum

Leaves elliptic to oblong, acuminate, rounded to
abruptly acute at the base, about 10 cm. long and
5 cm. broad, thinly pubescent on the nerves below
16. C. zanzibaricum
Trees or erect shrubs with ascending branchlets;
leaves completely glabrous ; inflorescence-branches
puberulous:

Leaves with the midrib and lateral nerves (and
sometimes the whole surface) below distinctly red
in colour, ovate to oblong-elliptic, shortly and
obtusely acuminate, acute to broadly rounded at
the base, up to 12 cm. long and 6 cm. broad;
petiole 5-8 mm. long; calyx truncate to undu-
lately 4-lobed or 4-dentate, glabrous or very
minutely ciliate on the edges of the lobes ; corolla
5 mm. long; the ovary slightly exceeding 2 mm.

in length.17. C. rubrocostatum

Leaves not red below :

Branchlets subterete to obtusely subquadran-
gular ; leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, acuminate,
acute at the base, 6-12 cm. long, 2*5-5 cm.
broad, with about 4 pairs of lateral nerves,

green below.18. C. vtdgare

Branchlets acutely 4-angled; leaves very much
as in C. vulgare, but usually rather larger, and
with about 6 pairs of lateral nerves, drying
blackish and shining.19. C. melanoph&ngos

363

Inflorescence unbranched or branching once dichasially, the
branches terminating in many-flowered false umbels of
pedicellate flowers; leaves elliptic, scarcely acuminate,
acute or cuneate at the base, 6-10 cm. long, 3-5 cm.
broad, with about 6 pairs of lateral nerves, drying almost
black or dark reddish-brown; fruit i-celled and globose,

or didymous; a small tree.20. C. bibracteatum

JFlowers 5-merous; erect shrubs or trees (rarely semi-
scandent):

Branchlets and leaves slightly pubescent when very young

branchlets elongated, multifoliate (see above).

10. C. charadrofihilum .
Branchlets and leaves completely glabrous, or branchlets
abbreviated and bifoliate:

§Stipules deciduous, not persisting beyond the current
growth-season :

Cymes multiflorous ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, shortly
acuminate, mucronulate, acute at the base, 6-11 cm.
long, 3*5-4*5 cm. broad ; calyx subulately 5-dentate

21. C. sclerocarpum
Cymes about 8-15-flowered ; leaves elliptic, ovate, or

oblong:

Leaves scarcely acuminate, broadly rounded at the
base, broadly elliptic, 7-8 cm. long, 3-5-5 cm.
broad, slightly discolourous; branchlets with a
light-coloured epidermis; bark almost white;
fruit one-celled, ellipsoidal, about 3 cm. long.

22. C. Stuhlmannii
Leaves gradually or abruptly acuminate, usually

cuneate at the base ; branchlets dark-coloured :
Mature leaves slightly discolourous, ovate or
oblong-elliptic, n-14 cm. long, 4-6 cm. broad,
abruptly acuminate, acumen 1-1*5 cm - long,
acute or shortly cuneate at the base, with about
5 pairs of lateral nerves ; cyme-branches with a

line of spreading pilose hairs on one side.

23. C. ruwenzoriense
Mature leaves strongly discolourous, narrowly
elliptic to oblong-elliptic, 4-7*5 cm. long,
2-3 cm. broad, gradually acuminate, usually
cuneate at the base, with about 4-5 pairs of
lateral nerves; bark yellowish; fruit often
2-celled, broadly ellipsoidal, 1*5-2 cm. diam.;
cyme-branches with a few adpressed hairs, not

, , in one line.......,..24. C. captum

§§Stipules very persistent, becoming woody;

- JfCymes with not more than. 20 flowers; peduncle 1 cm.
long or less:

Leafy shoots elongated, producing more than one
pair of leaves each season; cymes about 12-
flowered, borne in the axils of fallen leaves,
peduncle up to 1 cm. long ; leaves elliptic, oblong-
elliptic or ovate, up to 12 cm. long and 6*5 cm.
broad, shortly acuminate, with 4-6 pairs of lateral
nerves; stipules long-acuminate, up to 2 cm.

long; bark light-coloured, branchlets smooth.

25. C. keniense

Leafy shoots very short, producing only one pair of
leaves each season; cymes 3-10-flowered,
peduncle not more than 5 mm. long :

Shoots (except the terminal one) in lateral opposite
pairs, each with a pair of leaves, the latter
appearing as though borne in whorls of 4 on the
older branchlets; leaves narrowly elliptic to
oblanceolate or obovate, 3-5 cm. long, 1-2 cm.
broad, slightly acuminate, cuneate at the base,

with about 3 pairs of lateral nerves.

26. C. fiseudoverticillatwn
Shoots not as a rule in opposite pairs, the leaves
obviously opposite, not apparently whorled as
above:

Cymes 3-5-flowered, with very slender peduncles
and pedicels, the peduncle often not more
than 2 mm. long, pedicels 3-4 mm. long;
leaves elliptic, 3*5-7 cm. long, 2-4*5 cm.
broad, abruptly acuminate, acute at the base,
with about 3 pairs of lateral nerves ; bark
soon becoming greyish-white and powdery...

27. C. Robynsianum
Cymes up to about* io-flowered, peduncle about
5 mm. long, fairly stout; leaves elliptic to
sub-rhomboid, 4*5-8 cm. long, 3 *5-4*5 cm.
broad, abruptly acuminate, rounded to
cuneate at the base, with 5-6 pairs of lateral
nerves ; bark purplish-brown and wrinkled...

28. C. Siebenlistii

|| IfCymes with more than 20 flowers; peduncle 2 cm.

long or more:

Leafy shoots with only one pair of leaves ; stipules
triangular, subacute, leathery, 1*5 cm. long;
leaves oblong-elliptic, ovate or suborbicular, apex
triangular, subacute, cuneate to cordate at the
base, usually up to 9 cm. long and 6*5 cm. broad,
but sometimes (pollard shoots ?) 8-14 cm. diam.;
petioles 1*5 cm. long; peduncles about 2*5 cm.
long, puberulous, later glabrescent; pedicels very

365

short; corolla rounded in bud, 2*5 mm. long.

29. C. lactescens

Leafy shoots with more than one pair of leaves;
stipules lanceolate, long acuminate, 1 cm. long;
leaves obovate, obtuse to rounded, but sometimes
almost acuminate at the apex, cuneate at the
base, up to 14 cm. long and 8 cm. broad, glabrous
above, glabrous or shortly tomentellous below;
peduncle about 2 cm. long, pedicels 1-3 mm. long;
branchlets glabrous or rarely lanate-tomentose,
corolla acute in bud, 5 mm. long...30. C. crassum
♦♦Peduncle obsolete, cymes branched from the base and flowers
appearing to be fasciculate ; leaves narrowly lanceolate-elliptic,
acuminate, subacute at the base, about 8 cm. long and 3 cm.
broad, glabrous, lateral nerves numerous, very slender, distinct
above, very indistinct below.31. C. sub&pacum

2. Canthium telidosma ( K . Schum.) S. Moore in Joum. Linn. Soc.
Bot. xl. 87 (1911).— Plectronia telidosma K. Schum. in Engl. Bot.
Jahrb. xxiii. 460 (1897).

Tanganyika Territory. Longuza, Dec., Zimmermann G. 6113
(partly). Usambara, Feb. StuMmann 66go (type, Ber.).

The flowers were described as solitary by Schumann, and in the
type specimen this is indeed the case. In Zimmermann’s specimen,
however, there are frequently two or more flowers borne on a common
peduncle. In order to facilitate determination, this plant has been
inserted also in the key to the Fasciculate Series, but there is no doubt
that its general affinities are with the following species, which
Zimmermann collected under the same number.

•3. Canthium mlcrodon S. Moore in Joum. Linn. Soc. Bot. xl. 86
(191 1 ).

Tanganyika Territory. Longuza, Dec., Zimmermann G. 6113
(partly).

Also in Gazaland {Swynnerton 552, at the British Msueum).
The Tanganyika specimen is rather poor, and shows more numerous
flowers per cyme than the type from Gazaland. In all other
characters, however, they are identical.

4. Canthium sordidum [K. Schum) Bullock, comb. nov.—
Plecironia sordida K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C. 386

(1895)-

* Tanganyika Territory. Urnpeke, Stuhlmann 860 (type, Ber.);
KibweSi, Ukambwane, 3000 ft,, Dec., Scheffler 28.

5. Canthium indutum Bullock, sp. nov.

Ptutex scandens, ramis junipribus velutinis, ramulis lateralibus
abbreviatis 2-foliatis. Folia sicco nigra, ovata, apice obtusa, basi
rotundata, circiter 4-6*5 £n, longa et 2*5-5 cm. lata, utrinque
breviter - pubescentia, nervis lateralibus; utiinsecus 3-4, petiolis
' • *. ;r "-'

velutinjp 5 mm. longis. Flores non visi, ut videtur in cymas
corymbosas mnltifloras dispositi.

Tanganyika Territory. Kondoa-Irangi District, Jan., Burtt
1294.

The very incomplete material of this species shows evident
affinity with Canthium Junodii Burtt Davy, from the Transvaal
and Nyasaland.

6. Canthium scabrosum Bullock, sp. nov.

Frutex scandens pubescens, ramis angulo recto patentibus. Folia
oblongo-lanceolata vel oblonga, apice longe acuminata, basi sub-
cordata vel rotundata, 6-11 cm. longa, 2-5-5 cm - l a * a , utraque
pagina dense pilosa, pagina superiore scabrescentia; ramuli ex
axillis fohorum parvorum ovato-cordatoram orti. Stipulae pilosae,
caducae, longe cuspidatae, 1 cm. longae. Cymae pedunculatae,
dichasiales, multiflorae, pedunculo usque 1 cm. longo, pedicellis
3 mm. longis, bracteis linearibus, inferioribus circiter 5 mm. longis.
Calyx subcampanulatus, 2-5 mm. longus, lobis triangularibus, tubo
minus dense pilosis. Corolla alabastro apice rotundata, 5 mm. longa,
lobis sub anthesin ovatis deflexis 2-5 mm. longis, fauce dense villosa.
Drupa didyma, subglobosa, circiter 1 cm. diametro, striguloso-
pilosa.— Canthium hispidum S. Moore in Joum. Linn. Soc. Bot.
xxxvii. 161 (1905), non Benth. (1849).

Uganda Protectorate. Entebbe, Fyffe s.n. (type). Without
exact locality, a shrub with greenish flowers, Dec., Bagshawe 34
(B.M.).

Tanganyika Territory. Kyimbila District, Bulambya-
Ilembo, Oct., Stolz 1618. Namanyere, Konongo and Massiba, Dec.,
Swynnerton 21 ; 7 22 (B.M.).

As regards the East African specimens, this species is very
distinct in its very densely hairy calyx, and in the scabridity of the
upper surface of the mature leaf. Although the leaves are broader,
a specimen from the Malange District, Angola (Gossweiler 1251)
shows the same characters, but others show very evident affinities
with C. Gueinzii Sond., and C. rufivittosum Robyns ex Hutch. &
J, M. Dalz,* A specimen collected by Dr. Mildbraed (No. 9542) in
the Cameroons is reminiscent of C. Gueinzii, but the indumentum is
much longer than in that species, and the scabridity of the upper
surface of the leaves, though slight, is quite obvious. Excellent
material recently collected in north-western Northern Rhodesia by
Mr. E. Milne-Redhead (No. 813, barren material, and No. 976,
fruiting material) is in some respects like C. rufivittosum , but its
indumentum is less dense, even in the young (barren) state, while the
fruiting material leaves no doubt that it is consepcific with
Gossweiler's Angolan specimen (No. J251), and with the East
African material from which the species has been mainly described.
Mr. Milne-Redhead’s notes on his two collections of this plant,

* Hutch, et J. M. Dalz. FI. W. Trop. Afr. ii. 113 (1931).

367

together with those attached to the other specimens mentioned are
appended:—

Cameroons. Buar-Buala, 3500 ft., June, Mildbraed 9542.
Angola. Malange District, near the Governor’s Palace and
Post Office, in waste places not reached by the annual fires, a woody
climber not uncommon in shady places, climbing over neighbouring
shrubs, Aug. (fr.), Gossweiler 1231 (Kew & B.M.).

Northern Rhodesia. River Kasengiko, Camp 12*, a shrub or
trailer among other shrubs in Cryptosepalum woodland, with tawny
pubescence, Aug. (barren), Milne-Redhead 813. River Lunga, below
Mwinilunga, a shrub up to 15 ft. high with pendulous branches and
green fruits, Aug. (fruit), Milne-Redhead gy6. Thirty miles north of
Kasama, a shrub, 15 ft., in the Brachystegia woodland, July (fruit),
Hutchinson & Gillett 3808.

7. Canthium purpurascens Bullock , sp. nov.

Frutex subscandens, ramulis patentibus dense tomentellis demum
glabrescentibus, cortice flavido-albo. Folia sicco purpurea, oblongo-
elliptica usque ovata vel obovata, apice abrupte etbreviter angustato-
rotundata, minute mucronulata, basi (saepe inaequaliter) rotundata,
5-6*5 cm. longa et usque 4 cm. lata, supra glabra, infra pubescentia,
costa et nervis lateralibus (utrinsecus 5-6) molliter dense tomentosa.
demum subglabrescentia ; petioli circiter 7-8 mm. longi, tomentosi;
stipulae mox deciduae, triangulari-cuspidatae. Cymae peduncu-
latae, corymbosae, multiflorae; flores, ut videtur 5-meri, non visi.
Calyx statu fructifero tomentosus, 5-dentatus. Drupa esculenta,
didyma vel abortu i-locularis, loculis subglobosis vel ellipticis x cm.
longis.

Tanganyika Territory. Rufiji, 50 ft., semi-climbing shrub,
fairly common in black alluvial soil in full sun, Dec., Musk 67.

8. Canthium Gueinzii Sond. in Linnaea, xxiii. 54 (1850), et in
Harv. et Sond. FI. Cap. iii. 16 (1864-5) ; S. Moore in Joum. Linn.
Soc. xl. 89 (1911); Bullock in Hook. Ic. PI. t. 3170 (1932).—
Plectronia Gueinzii (Sond.) Sim, For. FI. Cape Col, 241 (1907) ;
Bews, FI. Natal and Zululand 198 (1921). Plectronia hispida
Battiscombe, Cat. Trees and Woody PL of Kenya Col. 106 (1926),
partim, non Canthium hispidum Benth. (1849). Keetia transvaal-
ensis Phillips, Gen. S. Afr. FI. PL 587 (1926), et in Bothalia, ii. 369

, (1927). Canthium hispidum Robyns in Notizblatt Bot. Gart.
Berlin, x, 616 (1929), non Benth. (1849).

, A scandent shrub climbing over trees in the forest with fragrant
white or creamy flowers. The mature leaves are glabrous on the
upper surface, except on the midrib and lateral nerves; the tertiary
veins are slightly impressed, a character which serves to distinguish
this species from its several close allies.

Uganda Protectorate. Common. Exsicc. — Snowden 861 ;
Sc: Elliott 79x3.

* Camp 12 of the Aerial Sorvey of the Zambesi Basin, 1930.

368 , ■

Kenya Colony. Common. Exsicc.— Graham 1757. Battis-
combe 203. R. E. & T. C. E. Fries 1627 ; 1764. Snowden 634 .
Rammell 1078. Dilmmer 1685. Moon 752. Powell 135. Dale

2423,

Tanganyika Territory. Common. Exsicc.— Thomson s.n.
Burtt 960 ; 1752. Swynnerton 761 (B.M.). Lynes D.g. 122 ; F.j. 66 ;
F.r.31. . - ^

This is perhaps the most widely distributed species of Canthium
in Africa. It ranges from Abyssinia and the Sudan southwards to
the Transvaal and Natal, where it was collected by Dr. Gueinzius,
and westwards through Rhodesia to Angola in the south, and to the
Cameroons Mt. in the north. In altitude it ranges from near sea-
level to about 8000 ft.

9. Canthium hispidum,,.ftewtf/f..in Hook. f. Nig. FI. 409 (1849) ;
Hiem in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. iii. 140 (1877) > et Cat. Welw. Afr. PI. i.
476 (1898) ; Hutch, et J. M. Dalz. FI. W. Trop. Afr. ii. 115 (1931).—
Plectronia hispida (Benth.) K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr.
C. 386 (1895), saltern partim; ]£, Krause in Mildbr. Wiss. Ergebn.
Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr. ‘Exped. 1907-8, ii. 326 (1914) ; K. Krause in
R. E. Fries, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo Exped. 1911-12,
i. Nachtr. 15 (1921), incl. var. glabrescens K. Schum.

Tanganyika Territory. Derema, Usambara, Scheffler 193 .
Sigi, March, Soleman 5933 . Amani, 3000 ft., a common climber in
the forest, flowers cream, Apr., Burtt 426. Lvani, Jan., Braun 1030
(Am.); Oct., Engler 3363 (Am.). Monga, Feb., Zimmermann 6109
(Am.) ; 6110f

Also in Rhodesia, westwards and northwards through the
Belgian Congo and Upper Guinea, but apparently not occurring
further north on the eastern side of Africa, where it is entirely
replaced by C. Gneinizi Sond. A number of specimens not referable
to either C. Gueinzii or C. hispidum, sensu stricto, have been seen, of
which the following are examples.—Kyimbila District, Stolz 577.
Moshi Rain Forest, 2300 ft., Jan., Lewis 216, Amani, “ Herb. Amani.”
390. Amani, Apr., Braun' i862(Am .).

10. Canthium charadrophilum (K. Krause ) Bullock, comb. nov.
— Plectronia charadrophila K. Krause in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. lvii. 36
(1920).

Tanganyika Territory. Bundeli Mts., Kyimbila District,
4000 ft., a scrambling shrub 30 ft. high, with yellowish flowers,
growing at the edge of the forest, Oct., Stolz 124 (type, Ber.).

This species is readily distinguished from the following by its
very lax habit. It is very closely allied to the preceding.

11. Canthium sylvaticum Hiem, Cat. Welw. Afr. PI. i. 477 (1898),
—Plectronia silvatica (Hiem) K. Schum. in Just, Jahresb. 1898, 393
(1900), Plectronia citspido-stipulata K. Schum. ex Engl, in Abh.

369

Preuss. Akad. Wiss. (1894) 53, nomen. Plectronia Mspida Battis-
combe, Cat. Trees and Woody PL of Kenya Col. 106 (1926), partim,
non K. Schum. (1895) et non Canthium hispidum Benth. (1849).

Uganda Protectorate. Victoria Nyanza: Sese Is.; Bungala
Is., 3700 ft., Dec., Maitland 393; Bubembe Is., 3700 ft. Dec.,
Maitland 400 ; without exact locality, Carpenter 8 ; 11 (Jan. 1913).
Entebbe, a common plant at the edge of the forest, Oct., Maitland
1 74. Changa, Feb., Sc. Elliott 7192. Toro District; Ibanda Hill,
Nov., Maitland ex Liebenberg 107 5.

Kenya Colony. Shimba Hills, a climbing shrub with white
flowers, Gardner 1435. Nyanza Basin, 4500-5000 ft., Moon 584.

Tanganyika Territory. Mlalo, March, Holst 2426. Mt.
Kilimanjaro: Mashani, 4000-5000 ft., a shrub with white flowers,
Feb.-Apr. Haarer 189 ; 1030 ; Marangu, 5000 ft., Oct., Volkens
1105a \ Grote 5070.

Also in Angola. Hiem described this species from one of Dr.
Welwitsch’s specimens (No. 3134 ). It is readily distinguished from
C. hispidum and C. Gneinzii by its discolourous leaves, with fine
distinct reticulate venation on the lower surface.

12. Canthium Brownii Bullock , sp. nov.

Frutex scandens, ramis angulo recto patentibus subglabris pallide
griseis, ramulis junioribus teretibus ferrugineo-pubescentibus
glabrescentibus. Folia elliptica, apice breviter accuminata, basi
cuneata vel acuta, 5-10 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata, costa et nervis
lateralibus (utrinsecus 5-6) leviter adpresso-strigoso-pubescentia
infra praesertim, petiolis ferrugineo-pubescentibus 7-10 mm. longis.
Cymae dense multiflorae. Calyx pubescens, 4-dentatus. Corolla
alabastro 3 mm. longa, 4-lobata. Drupa globosa vel didyma,
loculis circiter 1*3 cm. diametro.

Uganda Protectorate. Entebbe, 3900 ft,, a scrambling shrub
with white flowers, June, E. Brown 233 (type).- Kimuri, 4000 ft.,
a scandent shrub of the forest edge with white flowers, July, Diimmer

3*38-

13. Canthium huillense Hiern, Cat. Welw. Afr., PI. i. 476 (1898).—
Plectronia huiUensis (Hiem) K. Schum, in Just, Jahresb. 1898, 393
{1900). Plectronia heliotropiodora K. Schum. et K. Krause in Engl,
Bot. Jahrb. xxxix. 540 (1907).

1 Tanganyika Territory. Lake Tanganyika, Dec., Bohm 68 .
Mnernia, Kondoa-Irangi District, Dec., Burtt 5395. Irangi, 6400 ft.,
common, March, Lynes I.g. 225a. Dodoma District, 4000 ft., a shrub
in the Berlinia forest, Dec., Burtt 994. Without exact locality,
Busse 1295 (Am.).

The type of Plectronia heliotropiodora was collected by Busse
(No, 875) in Ruanda. The leaves, which are very young, are very
densely pubescent on both surfaces. There is no doubt, however,
that it is conspecific.

370

Dr. Welwitsch’s specimens (Nos. 3145 ; 3146 ) from Angola are
almost glabrous, but otherwise indistinguishable from those cited
above; the latter are also identical with the following Rhodesian
and Transvaal specimens :—

Rhodesia. Katuba Stream, N.W. Rhodesia, on ant hills, Dec.,
Kassner 2258 . Victoria Falls, a shrub 2-2^ ft. high, Jan., Allen 250 .
Salisbury, 4800 ft., Eyles 6175. Matopo Hills, Mar., Eyles 6306.
Without exact locality, S. Rhodesia, Dec., Jack in Herb. Eyles. 5052.
Between Kubango and Kuibo, 4000 ft., Dec., Baum 302.

Transvaal. Macalisberg, Dec., Burke s.n. Daspoort Rand,
below River Redoubt, Oct., Pole-Evans 164. Woodstock, Rusten-
berg District, a tree 5-8 ft. high with masses of small cream flowers,
Nov., Pegler 2002. Warm Baths, Waterberg District, Jan., Burtt
Davy 2328 . Without locality, Zeyher in Herb. Wallich. 763.

14. Canthium venosum [Oliv.) Hiern in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. iii.
144 (1877); Hutch, et J. M. Dak. FI. W. Trop. Air. ii. 115
(1931). [Figure 1].— Plectronia venosa Oliv. in Trans. Linn. Soc.
Lond. xxix. 85, t. 49 (1873). Canthium venosum var. pubescens
Hiem, l.c. Canthium Barteri Hiem, l.c. 143. Plectronia Barteri
(Hiem.) De Wild, et Th. Dur. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Ser. 2, i. pt. 2, 33
(1900). Canthium sphaerocarpum Schweinf., MS. in Herb. Mus. Brit,
et Herb. Kew. Plectronia myriantha K. Krause in Mildbr. Wiss.
Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr. Exped. 1907-8, ii. 327 (1911), non
Schlect. et K. Krause in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xl. Beibl. 92, 43 (1908).

Uganda Protectorate. Madi Woods, Dec., Speke & Grant s.n.
(type). Kitamilo, Buvuma, Mar., Maitland ex Liebenberg 1266.
Nile Distr., shrub 10-15 ft- high, Dawe 913. Sozi Point, Bugala Is.,
Sese, 3850 ft., a climbing shrub with green flowers, common in
scrub forest, Nov., Eggeling ex Brasnett 233. Mabira Forest,
Mulange, 4000 ft., Jan., Diimmer 4367. Mouth of Bakora R., a
shrub with greenish-white flowers, Jan., Bagshawe 140 (B.M.).

Tanganyika Territory. Longuza, Dec., Zimmermann 6116.
Monga, Nov., Zimmermann 6117. Without exact locality, Busse
2620 (Am.).

Also in West Africa from Nigeria to French Guinea, Cameroons,
Sudan, Congo, Northern Rhodesia and Angola [Gossweiler 1233).
The single specimen of C. sphaerocarpum [Schweinfurth 1387) which
has been seen at the British Museum Herbarium, is merely a narrow¬
leaved form of this species, but the Kew specimen of the same
collection is quite typical in this respect, as also is Schweinfurth 2487,
in the Kew Herbarium. A further specimen [Broun 43) from Bahf-
el-Ghazal, has very large (up to 15 cm. long) leaves. A specimen!
collected by Hutchinson and Gillett (No. 3610) twenty-eight miles
south of Broken Hill in Northern Rhodesia in July, 1930, has some.'
leaves almost rotundate, but is nevertheless certainly referable to
this species. Hutchinson and Gillett obtained typical specimens
(No, 4031) six miles north of Kasama. -The type of P. myriantha
was collected by Dr. Mildbraed (No. 684) in the Virunga Mountains,

15. Ganthium syringodorum (K. Schum.) Bullock, comb. nov.—
Plectronia syringodora K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C.
386 (1895).

Tanganyika Territory. Karema, Lake Tanganyika, Bohrn
23a (type, Ber.). Walla River, Bohm g2a (not seen, Ber.).

Also in the Belgian Congo.

16. Canthium zanzibaricum Klotszch in Peters, Reise Mossamb.
Bot. 291 (1861); Hiem. in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. iii. 138 (1877), incl. var.
glabristyle Hiem, l.c. 139.— Plectronia zanzibarica (Klotzsch) Vatke.
in Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. xxv. 231 (1875); Engl, in Abh. Preuss. Akad,
Wiss. 26 (1894). Canthium gracile Hiem in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. iii.
139 (1877), et Cat. Welw. Air. PI. i. 474 (1898). ? Plectronia sub-
cordata K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C. 386 (1895), non
Canthium subcordatum DC. Prodr. iv. 473 (1830). Canthium
tenuiflorum Welw. ex Hiem, Cat. Welw. Afr. PI. i. 477 (1898).
Plectronia tenuiflora (Hiem) K. Schum in Just, Jahresb. 1898, 393
(1900).

Uganda Protectorate. Masaka, Kyotira District, a rambler,
Oct., Maitland 852. Toro, 5000 ft., Snowden 42. Buddu, 4000 ft.,
Dawe 33.

Kenya Colony. Mombasa, Wakefield s.n. Rabai Ravine,
Fimboni, Nov., Taylor s.n. (B.M.).

Tanganyika Territory. Amboni, Holst 2721 ; Kassner 5;
Braun 3493 (Am.). Without exact locality, Marshall 39. Kivin-
dani, March, Braun 1337 (Am.); Stuhlmann 8320 (Am.).

Zanzibar Is. A very common scrambling shrub with white
flowers. Exsicc.— Hildebrandt 1137 > Kirk 33 ; s.n .; Kuntze s.n. ;
Greenway 1266 ; Taylor 18/2 ; 24/3 ; Vaughan 1318.

Pemba Is. Ole, a straggling shrub with white flowers,
Vaughan 288 (B.M.). Makongwe Isl., a very common white-flowered
shrub with an unpleasant odour, Feb., Greenway 1412.

Also in Angola. The Zanzibar specimens are very constant in all
characters except the degree of hairiness of the style, and it becomes
necessary to discard Hiera’s var. glabristyle. On the mainland
variation is more pronounced, and the determinations of the Uganda
specimens at any rate are to be,regarded as merely tentative. A
specimen collected by Braun (No. 3389, Herb. Amani.) in the Bukoba
District, differs in its narrower leaves and more hairy inflorescence.
This form also occurs in Uganda [Changu, Sc. Elliott 7192 (B.M.)].

17. Ganthium rubrocostatum Robyns in Notizblatt. Bot. Gart.
Berlin, x. 616 (1929).

Kenya Colony. Kiringa District, a small tree with sweet-
scented flowers, Mar., Fries 2107 (type). Solai Forest, 7800 ft., a
medium-sized tree, Gardner la (Oxf.). Katimok Forest, Kamasa
District, 7000-8000 ft., a tree 30 ft. or more high, growing as an
understorey in the forest, with light grey bark and reddish leaves,
Oct., Dale 2437. S.E. Mt. Elgon, 6500-7500 ft., a tree 20-30 ft.
high, Dec. (fr.), Jackson ex Lugard 322.

373

Tanganyika Territory. Derema, Usambara, Scheffler 151.

The red colouration of the nerves on the lower surface of the
leaves renders this species strikingly distinct. The red colour
sometimes tinges the whole leaf, as indicated by Mr. Dale’s notes
above. Dr. Robyns allies this species to C. Mannii Hiem, a West
African plant, but it is much more closely related to C. vulgare (infra)
from which it is distinguished by the red colouration of the leaves
and the larger, rather less numerous flowers.

18. Canthium vulgare (K. Schum.) Bullock, comb. nov.—
Plectronia vulgaris K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw, Ost-Afr. C. 386
{1895); K. Krause in Mildbr. Wiss. Ergebn. Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr.
Exped. 1907-8, ii. 326 (1914). Canthium golungense Hiem, Cat.
Wdw. Afr. PI. i. 478 (1898). Canthium golungense var. parviflorum
S. Moore in Joum. Linn. Soc. Bot. xxxvii. 161 (1905). Plectronia
golungensis (Hiem) K. Schum. in Just, Jahresb. 1898, 393 (1900).

Uganda Protectorate. Many localities, 3000-5000 ft., a tree
of the forest, bush and grasslands 15-30 ft. high, or occasionally
reduced to the stature of a small shrub, with profuse white flowers.
Exsicc. — Carpenter 8 (July 1913). Dummer 8go; 1204. Fyffe 30.
Maitland 6g. Sc. Elliot 7220 ; 7418 (B.M.). Snowden 401;
1923. Brasnett 95; 418. Bagshawe 209 (B.M.) ; 1147 (B.M.).

Kenya Colony. Mowesa, a somewhat scandent shrub, 10 ft.,
flowers white and scented, Graham 1823.

Tanganyika Territory. Rubiri Forest, Bukira District,
4000 ft., a timber tree in the temperate rain forest, Nov., Wigg 313.
Koine Is., Victoria Nyanza, 4000 ft., a heavily branched tree used for
knee-pieces for dhows, April, Bancroft 181. Amboni, July, Holst
2717. Without exact locality, river junction, on bushy slopes, a
shrub 4-6 ft. high, Aug., Mildbraed 682 (Ber.). Bukoba, Feb., April,
Stuhlmann 1060; 1347 ; 3242 ; 3620; 3730; 3978 (cited by
K. Schumann-—not seen—Ber.). Muansa, Stuhlmann 4661 (Ber.).
Victoria Nyanza coast, Speke Gulf, common among granite rock
boulder kopjes, 3740 ft., an evergreen shrub with minute flowers,
June, Burit 2470.

Also in Gazaland (Swynnerton 62x1 at the British Museum), the
Belgian Congo, Angola and Southern Nigeria (Maitland 1721), and
-probably also in French Guinea and Sierra Leone. This species
was described from Dr. Stuhlmann’s specimens, and there is no
doubt that these are identical with C. golungense var. parviflorum
described by Spencer Moore from Dr. Bagshawe’s Uganda plant.
Whether the writer is correct in reducing Hiem’s Angolan C.
golungense is more debatable. The only difference observed is in
the rather laxer habit and generally somewhat larger leaves of the
Angolan plant, both characters which might be expected in a shade
dorm. Two other specimens, one from French Guinea (Pobeguin
, 704) labelled “ Canthium sp.” in the Kew Herbarium and one from
Sima Leone (. Deightm 1199) labelled " Canlhium horizontal ” in the
British Museum Herbarium, seem to be referable to this species.

374 - ' * 1 . ' ‘ ; ' 1

They differ from the Angolan plants only in the rather more densely
pubescent inflorescence. The notes attached to these two sheets
are appended in full, since they greatly extend the hitherto known
range of this species.

Pobeguin J04 :—French Guinea ; Juin, 1901; ** Arbre moyen
de 10 a 12 m. de haut; feuillage vert vonce brillant; fleurs nom-
breuses, blanches, odorantes.” Deighton ngg :—Sierra Leone ;
" tree 15 ft.; fls. white, unpleasant smell.”

C. vulgare may be regarded as the nearest African ally of C.
didymum Gaertn. from Malaya.

19. Ganthium melanophengos Bullock, sp. nov.

Arbor magna, glabra, ramulis prominente 4-angularibus usque
subteretibus, ramis pallide brunneis, lenticellis prominentibus
longitudinaliter elongatis. Folia sicco fere nigra, supra nitida,
anguste ovata, apice gradatim acuminata, basi pleramque rotundata,
6-10 cm. longa, 2*5-4*5 cm. lata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus 7-8,
petiolis 5-7 mm. longis. Cymae dense multiflorae. Calyx ut
videtur subtruncatus. Corolla non visa. Drupae plerumque abortu
i-loculares, numerosae, globosae, 7-9 mm. diametro.

Kenya Colony. Morigo's and Tusu, Mt. Kenya, 6600-7000 ft.,
a large timber tree, Rammell 1054.

Tanganyika Territory. Rukarara, Rugegi Forest, 6500 ft., a
large tree with a tall straight trunk and very hard wood, Aug.,
Mildbraed 1015 (type, Ber.).

20. Ganthium bibracteatum (Baker) Hiern in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr.
iii. 145 (1877).— Plectronia bibracteata Baker, FI. Maurit. 146 (1877).

Kenya Colony. Kwale, a small tree with green flowers “ with
five red members” and pear-shaped, hard yellow fruits, Graham
rf 53 -

Tanganyika Territory. Amboni, June, Holst 2713. Dar-es-
Salam, Holtz 3ig ; 885 ; 2026 ; 2866 (all Ber.); Braun 885 (Ber.) ;
StuUmann 6341 (Ber.); Kruger 16 (Ber.).

Zanzibar Is. Without notes, Kirk s.n. A common shrub
with yellow berries, 6-10 ft. high, growing on coral rock in open and
closed bush formations, Feb., Greenway i3og. Kurekive-Kilima
Kzall, a shrub or small tree up to 15 ft. high, much branched, flowers
cream, fruits eaten by natives, Dec., Greenway 2643. Without notes,
Vaughan 1040 ; 1453 ; 1536.

Also in the Mascarene Islands. The locus classicus is Mauritius.
So far as has been ascertained this is the only East African species of
Canthium which occurs so far away from die mainland; it is also
one of the most constant in its specific characters.

si. Ganthium sclerocarpum (K. Schum.) Bullock, comb. nov.—
Plectronia sderocarpa K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxxiv. 334
(1904).

Tanganyika Territory. Lungusa, East Usambara, 300-550 ft.
Sept., Engler 38g (type, Ber.).

375

This species is very closely allied to C. Afzelianum Hiem,
described from a Sierra Leone plant collected by Afzelius, and later
recorded from the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan {Broun s.n. ; Snowden
1703). A specimen from N. Rhodesia {Macaulay 835, from Mumbwa)
differs from C. Afzelianum in the more hairy inflorescence and some¬
what longer and less coriaceous stipules. Further material will
probably disclose that these plants and C. sclerocarpum are identical.
C. congense described by Hiem from “ Lower Guinea, Congo *' (Chr.
Smith s.n., at B.M.) may also belong here.

22. Canthium Stuhlmannii Bullock, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor glabra. Folia late elliptica, apice vix acuminata,
basi late rotundata, 7-8 cm. longa, 3-5-5 cm. lata, paullo discoloria,
petiolis usque 1 cm. longis; stipulae longe subulatae, basi latae,
Cymae ut videtur pauciflorae. Drupa unilocularis, ellipsoidea, 3 cm.
longa, 2 cm. lata.

Tanganyika Territory. Usaramo, Stuhlmann 7007 (type,
Ber.).

This is perhaps the most imperfectly known of all the new species
described here ; it is included merely for the record, but will need
to be redescribed when more complete material becomes available.

23. Canthium ruwenzoriense Bullock, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor parva, glabra, 2-4 m. alta. Folia ovata vel
oblongo-elliptica, apice abrupte et obtuse accuminata, basi acuta
vel breviter cuneata, 11-14 cm. longa, 4-6 cm. lata, paullo discoloria,
nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 5, petiolis usque 1 cm. longis;
stipulae 6 mm. longae, subulatae, basi latae, mox deciduae. Cymae
circiter io-florae, pedunculis 1-1-5 cm. longis, pedicellis 3-4 mm.
longis unilateraliter pilosis. Calyx 5-lobatus, lobis anguste triangu-
laribus. Corolla alabastro 5 mm. longa, apice acuta, Drupa non
visa.

Uganda Protectorate. Butagu Valley, W. Ruwenzori,
6000-7000 ft., a shrubby tree 8-12 ft. high with bluish-green
leaves and greenish flowers, Feb., Mildbraed 26g2 (type, Ber.).

24. Canthium captum Bullock, sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor parva, omnino glabra, 2-4 m. alta, ramulis
teretibus adscendentibus atratis, ramis vetustioribus cortice pallide
flavo. Folia elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, apice obtuse longe
acuminata, basi plerumque cuneata, 4-7*5 cm. longa, 2-3 cm. lata,
nervis lateraiibus utrinsecus circiter 6, supra nitide flavido-viridia.
Infra griseo-viridia, petiolis circiter 5-8 mm. longis; stipulae
subpersistentes, vix lignosae, subulatae, basi latae, Cymae usque
12-florae, pedunculis circiter 8 mm. longis, pedicellis usque 6 mm.
longis. Calyx profunde 5-lobatus, lobis patentibus triangularibus
t*5 mm. longis. Corolla (non visa) luteo-viridis.” Drupa saepe
2-locukiis, ellipsoidea vel leviter compressa, circiter 1-5 cm.
diametro. ' ,

37 & * • 4 * ' * * '■ ' •' ■ ■

Tanganyika. Territory. Kyimbila District: in the bamboo
forest, a shrub about 6 ft. high with greenish-yellow flowers, glossy
leaves, green with a yellowish tinge above, greyish-green below,
ovary brown, Nov., Stolz 22g3 (type) ; Bundali, 6200 ft., a shrubby
tree 12-14 ft- high, with glossy greyish fruits £ in. in diameter, with
white dots, the leaves glossy, dark green with a yellowish tinge,
March, Stolz 2558. Usambara : Kwai, Makambaberg, Holtz jg2a
(Ber.) ; 828 (Ber.).

This is very closely allied to the Abyssinian C. oligocarpum Hiem,
the resemblance being particularly noticeable in the Holtz specimens
cited.

25. Canthium keniense Bullock, sp. nov.

Arbor parva, 8-10 m. alta, omnino glabra, ramulis teretibus
laevibus elongatis multifoliatis, cortice demum pallido et deciduo.
Folia elliptica usque ovata, apice acuminata, basi rotundata usque
cuneata, usque 12 cm. longa et 6-5 cm. lata, nervis lateralibus
utrinsecus 4-6; stipulae persistentes, longe acuminatae, usque
2 cm. longae. Cymae circiter 12-20-florae, ramulis leviter pilosis,
pedunculis usque 1 cm. longis. Calyx minutus, truncatus vel
obsolete undulato-denticulatus. Corolla 4 mm. longa, 5-loba, tubo

2 mm. longo, lobis patentibus vel reflexis 2 mm. longis. Drupa
abortu i-locularis, oblongo-elliptica, 1-3 cm. longa.

Kenya Colony. Nairobi to Kikuyu, 5500-7000 ft., common,
a small tree, 25-30 ft. high, Battiscombe 872. Ngong, 5500 ft.,
MacDonald 830, Arabuko, a small deciduous shrub or tree with
green flowers, growing as an understorey in the Brachystegia forest,
Graham ijii. Without exact locality, Conservator of Forests (1926)
28 (Oxf.).

26. Canthium pseudoverticillatum S. Moore in Joum. Bot,
xliii. 352 (1903).— Plectronia microterantha K. Schum. et K. Krause
in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxxix. 541 (1907).

Kenya Colony. Shimba Hills, western slopes, 1500 ft., March,
K&ssner 383 (type) ; 416 (B.M.).

The verticiflate appearance of the leaves in this species is due to
the abbreviation of the opposite lateral branchlets. Plectronia
microterantha was described from a specimen of the same number as
S. Moore’s type.

27. Canthium Robynsianum Bullock , sp. nov. [Figure 2].
Frutex erectus, glaber, cortice griseo-luteo, ramulis lateralibus

brevibus 2-foliatis, intemodiis brevissimis. Folia elliptica usque
subrotundata, apice late et breviter acuminata, basi acuta vel
subcuneata, 4-7 cm. longa, 2-5-4 cm. laftb chartacea, nervis later¬
alibus gracilibus utrinsecus 3-4, petiolis usque 7 mm. longis;
stipulae longe subulatae, basibus persistentibus lignosis. Cymae
3-5-florae, brevissime gracilissime pedunculatae, pedicellis gracilibus

3 mm. longis. Calyx 5-triangulari-dentatus. Corolla alba, alabastro
2 mm. longa, Fructus non visus.

377

Kenya Colony. Mida, Malindi District, a tall shrub of the
forest edge, or in the bush, with small white flowers, March, Graham
2341 (type).

Named after Dr. Robyns, of Brussels, in recognition of his
monograph of the Vanguerieae.

28. Canthium Siebenlistii (K. Krause) Bullock, comb, nov.—
Plectronia Siebenlistii K. Krause in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. lvii. 35 (1920).

Tanganyika Territory. West Usambara, 4500-6500 ft.,
Dec., Siebenlist s.n. (type, Ber.). Near Monya, 3000 ft., March,
Grote 3755 (Am., Ber.). Magambarvald, Feb., Holtz 1846 (Ber.).

This is a small savannah tree which, like the two following species,
develops a thick bark which serves as a protection against fire.

29. Canthium lactescens Hiern , Cat. Welw. Afr. PI. i. 511 (1898).
—Canthium crassum Hiem in OHv. FI. Trop. Afr. iii. 145 (1877),
partim, quoad spec, mittuense, excl. descr. Canthium lactescens var.
grandifolium S. Moore in Joum. Linn. Soc. Bot. xxxvii. 161 (1905).
Plectronia lactescens (Hiem) K. Schum. in Just, Jahresb. 1898, 393
(1900).

Uganda Protectorate. Ankole, 4500 ft., a small tree or shrub,
Dawe 376. Near Mulema, June, Bagshawe 329 (B.M.).

Tanganyika Territory. Kondoa District, in a rocky ravine
in the hills opposite Kola, a small tree with cream-coloured flowers,
Feb., Burtt 1303.

Also in Mittu-land ( Schweinfurth 1695), Rhodesia and Angola.
The Uganda specimens cited above belong to Spencer Moore’s var.
grandifolium, and they differ from the Angolan type (Welwitsch
3157) only in the large size and cordate base of the leaves. A form
intermediate between the Uganda plants and the Angolan type
occurs also in Angola (Gossweiler 2405 ) suggesting that these
abnormal forms are merely specimens taken from very vigorous or
pollard shoots. It seems likely also that C. umbrosum Hiern (Cat.
Welw. Afr. Pl. i. 479; 1898), described from another of Dr.
Welwitsch’s Angolan plants (No. 2576) is merely a pubescent form of
this species. C. Welwitschii Hiem may also be an abnormal form
of this species.

30. Canthium crassum {Schweinf.) Hiern in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr.
iii. 145 (1877), partim, quoad descr. et spec, djurense.— Vangueria
crassa Schweinf. MS. Canthium platyphyUum Hiem, Cat. Welw.
Afr. PI. i. 479 (1898). Plectronia platyphylla (Hiem) K. Schum. in
Just, Jahresb. 1898, 393 (1900). Canthium opimum S. Moore in
Joum. Linn. Soc. Bot. xxxvii. 308 (1906); K. Krause in R. E.
Fries, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod.-Kongo Exped. 1911-12, i.
(Nachtr.) 15 (1921). Canthium amplum S. Moore in Joum. Bot.
lvii. 87 (1919). Canthium dictyophlebum S. Moore l.c. Plectronia

379

buarica. Mildbr. in Notizblatt Bot. Gart. Berlin, ix. 203 (1924).
Plectronia opima (S. Moore) Mildbr. l.c. 204, in obs. Plectronia opima
var. sudanica Mildbr. MS. in Herb. Kew.

Tanganyika Territory. Kyimbila District, a shrub with
greenish-yellow flowers and yellow edible fruits, Jan. (fl.), July (fr.),
Stolz 569 ; 1463. Urundi, Meyer 1806 (Ber., not seen).

Also in Djur-land, Eastern Sudan, Cameroons, Belgian Congo,
Rhodesia, Shire Highlands {Buchanan 196 ; 223 ; s.n.) and Angola.
According to Mr. Taylor, of the British Museum Herbarium, this
species occurs also in Kenya Colony, but the -writer has seen no
specimen from this area. The numerous descriptions of this plant
cited in synonymy above are perhaps due to its having been collected
in different stages or in different habitats. The shortly tomentose
lower surface of the leaves in Canthium amplum and Plectronia
buarica render this form strikingly distinct, but it seems certain that
the indumentum soon falls off, leaving the typical form of C. crassum.
The distribution of this form is interesting:—C. amplum, N.-W.
Rhodesia (. Rogers 8446) ; Plectronia buarica, Cameroons; Buar,
savannah of the Baja highlands {Mildbraed 9330 ; 9459 ). C.
platyphyllum is a further form with a lanate tomentum on the inflores¬
cence and young branchlets ; this falls away and the plant develops
a rusty red-coloured bark. It is an Angolan form {Welwitsch 2583).
Of the remaining synonyms, C. dictyophlebum was collected by the
Rev. F. A. Rogers (No. 10085) at Elisabethville in Katanga and is
identical with specimens from Northern Rhodesia. An Angolan
specimen {Gossweiler 1239) is also referable to this species. Van-
gueria crassa {Schweinfurth iyoy), is from Djur-land, and is the type
of this species.

Canthium crassum is a shrub or small tree occurring in the fire-
swept grasslands of Tropical Africa. It develops a very thick,
light bark, which serves as an extremely efficient protection against
the intense heat of the grass fires. Specimens have been recently
collected by Hutchinson and Gillett inN.-E. Rhodesia, while travelling
with General Smuts’s Botanical Expedition to Lake Tanganyika
(1930), with the following notes : " No. 3691 ; a shrub 15 ft. in a
moist dell in the Brachystegia forest, 5 miles E. of Chiwefwe.” " No.
3813 ; a shrub 8 ft. with green fruits, 30 miles N. of Kasama, alt.
4500 ft.” The fruits of the latter specimen must have been at least
3-5 cm. in diameter when fresh.

31. Canthium subopacum {K. Schum. et K. Krause) Bullock ,
comb. nov.— Plectronia subopaca K. Schum. et K. Krause in Engl.
Bot. Jahrb. xxxix. 538 (1907).

Tanganyika Territory. Dar-es-Salam, Oct., StuMmann 233
(type, Ber.),

A species remarkable for its inflorescence, first described as
“ fasciculate ” but actually a sessile branched cyme which marks a
dose approach to the members of the following series.

380

III. —Fasciculate Series.

♦Flowers several in each fascicle :

Pedicels about 2-5 cm. long; leaves glabrous, broadly elliptic,
3-5 cm. long, 2-3-5 cm - broad, rounded at the apex, decurrent
to the base, venose reticulate above and below ; calyx limb
very small, denticulate ; corolla about 7 mm. long in bud ;

style long-exserted.32. C. micans

Pedicels 1-1*5 cm - l° n g :

Corolla 10-12 mm. long in bud, anthers exserted; leaves
ovate to obovate, 3-7 cm. long, 2-4-5 cm. broad, subacute
to rounded at the apex, decurrent to the base, glabrous,
shining above ; calyx very small, subtruncate or denticu¬
late.33. C. Kaessnen

Corolla 5-8 mm. long in bud :
fPedicels glabrous:

Branchlets ascending; a small tree; leaves elliptic or
oblong-elliptic, about 10 cm. long and 5 cm. broad,

abruptly acuminate.34. C. clityophyllum

Branchlets inserted at right-angles ; scandent shrubs :
Drupes large, 1 or 2 maturing in each fascicle, often
i-celled by abortion, each cell about 1 cm. diam.
(when dry) ; leaves ovate, 6-10 cm. long, 3-6 cm.
broad, shortly and abruptly acuminate, with about
3 pairs of indistinct lateral nerves ; stems becoming

terete.35. C. egregium

Drupes smaller, more numerous in each fascicle, each
cell 4-5 mm. diam.:

Leaves shining above, oblong-ovate, up to 12 cm.
long and 5-5 cm. broad, rather gradually acum¬
inate, rounded to acute at the base, with about
5 pairs of lateral nerves; stems becoming

terete.36. C. malacocarpum

Leaves dull above, elliptic, 6-8 cm. long, 3-4*5 cm.
broad, very abruptly acuminate (acumen about
1 cm. long), acute or cuneate at the base, with
3-4 pairs of lateral nerves; stems 4-angled,

deeply furrowed.37. C. lacus-Victoriae

t fPedicels densely puberulous ; trees or erect shrubs :

Corolla acute in bud ; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate,
gradually and acutely acuminate, acute at the base,
about 6 cm. long and 3 cm. broad; pedicels up to
1*5 cm. long; calyx-lobes broadly ovate; corolla 6 mm.
long in bud; bark pale greyish brown. ..38. C. euryoides
Corolla rounded in bud; leaves very much as in C.
euryoides, but scarcely acute; pedicels about 1 cm.
long ; calyx subtruncate or undulately lobed; corolla

6 mm. long in bud ; bark dark-coloured.

39. C. Schimp&rianum

38i

**Flowers 2-4 in each fascicle, or solitary :

Leaf margins not recurved; erect shrubs or trees with
ascending branches: leaves pubescent above and below,
ovate to ovate-lanceolate, apex subacute, rounded at the
base, about 2-4 cm. long and 1-2 cm. broad; flowers
solitary; calyx deeply dentate; ovary and young fruit
clothed with a golden pubescence ; intemodes about 5 mm.
long (see also in the Pedunculate Series above).. .2. C. telidosma

Leaf margins recurved; usually a scandent shrub with the
branchlets inserted at right-angles ; leaves elliptic to ovate,
apex obtuse to rounded, rounded to subcordate at the base,
2*5-4 cm * cm. broad, glabrous, shining above,

margins recurved; flowers in fascicles of 2-4; calyx obtusely
5-denticulate ; corolla 7 mm. long.40. C. recuruifolium

32. Canthium micans Bullock, nom. nov.— Plectronia lamprophylla
K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxiv. 335 (1904); K. Krause in
R. E. Fries, Wiss. Ergebn. Schwed. Rhod -Kongo Exped. 1911-12,
i. (Nachtr.) 14 (1931); non Canthium lamprophyllum F. Muell.
Fragm. ii. 133 (1860-61) ; Plectronia mtens K. Schum in Engl.
Pflanzenw Ost-Afr. C. 385 (1895).

Tanganyika Territory. Dar-es-Salam, a shrub 6-10 ft. high,
Nov., Engler 2127 (type, Ber.).

Also in Northern Rhodesia {Fries 1852, fide K. Krause, l.c. not
seen). The very long pedicels render this species strikingly distinct.
K. Schumann first considered this species to be identical with
Canthium mtens Hiem (not of DC.), but later corrected this mistake
when he described Plectronia lamprophylla . Canthium nitens appears
here under the new name C. euryoides.

33. Canthium Kaessneri S. Moore in Joum. Bot. xliii. 351 (1905).
[Figure 3].— Plectronia longistaminea K. Schum. et K. Krause in
Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxxix. 542 (1907).

Kenya Colony. Near Gadu, 300 ft., March, Kdssner 418 (type).

Tanganyika Territory. Without exact locality, Busse 556

(Am.).

Also in Portuguese East Africa (Msalu River-mouth, Lake
Nyasa, a small bush 6 ft. high, on river banks, Feb., Allen 119).
Schumann and Krause described Plectronia lotigistaminea from
Kdssner 418, the number which Spencer Moore had described two
years previously. The large corolla and exserted stamens with
comparatively long filaments are not closely paralleled among East
African species of the genus.

34. Canthium clityophyllum Bullock , sp. nov.

Arbor parva, glabra. Folia elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, apice
abrupte acuminata, basi rotundata, 10-12 cm. longa, 3 *5-5 *5 cm.
lata, nervis lateralibus utrinsecus circiter 4 supra prominentibus
petiolis 5 mm. longis; stipulae deciduae, anguste oblongae, basi latae,

382

circiter 5 mm. longae. Fasciculi pro rata pauciflori. Calyx
5-denticulatus. Corolla alabastro leviter apiculata, 3 mm. longa,
sub anthesin 5-lobata. Drupa didyma vel loculo altero abortivo
globosa, loculis circiter 8 mm. diametro.

Tanganyika Territory. Tana, Ulugura, 2000 ft., in clearings
on mountain slopes, a small tree, Oct., Stuhlmann 8928 (type, Ber.).

35. Canthium egregium Bullock , sp. nov.

Frutex vel arbor parva, glabra, usque 4 m. alta, ramulis
gracilibus adscendentibus vel patentibus. Folia elliptica, apice
abrupte acuminata, basi subacuta usque rotundata, 6-10 cm. longa,
3-6 cm. lata, supra nitida, nervis lateralibus inconspicuis utrinsecus
4. Fasciculi pro rata pauciflori. Calyx 5-lobatus, lobis triangu-
laribus. Corolla non visa. Drupa didyma vel loculo altero abortivo
globosa loculis usque 2 cm. diametro.

Tanganyika Territory. Kyimbila District, 3500 ft., a
climbing shrub 12 ft. high, without flowers, fruit glossy, glaucous
green, leaves pale green on both surfaces, stem greenish brown but
not shining, March, Stolz 1914 (type, Ber.).

A species remarkable for the large size of its fruits, some of the
two-celled examples being nearly 5 cm. across.

36. Canthium malacocarpum ( K . Schum. et K. Krause) Bullock,
comb. nov.— Plectronia malacocarpa K. Schum. et K. Krause in
Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxxix. 540 (1907).

Tanganyika Territory. Ischana, Nov., Stolz 92 (type, Ber.).
Kyimbila District, Dec., Stolz 1764.

Also in N.E. Rhodesia (“ a climber in patches of forest by the
river E. of Chiwefwe, 15 July, 1930, Hutchinson & Gillett 3693 ”)
and in N. W. Rhodesia (" Solwezi Distr., evergreen vegetation by
Mbulungu Stream near Mutanda Bridge, shrub 18 ft. high, with
unripe fruit, June, 1930, Milne-Redhead 629.”).

37. Canthium lacus-Victoriae Bullock, sp. nov.

Frutex scandens glaber, ramulis acute 4-angularibus. Folia
elliptica, apice abrupte longe acuminata (acumine 1-1*5 cm. longo),
basi acuta vel subrotundata, 7-8 cm. longa, 3-5-4-5 cm. lata, nervis
lateralibus indistinctis utrinsecus 4, petiolis circiter 7 mm. longis.
Fasciculi multiflori. Flores non visi. Drupa bilocularis vel abortu
unilocularis, loculis globosis circiter 7 mm. diametro.

Uganda Protectorate. Victoria Nyanza; Sese Is., Sozi Is.,
3700 ft., on the edge of the forest, Dec., Maitland 399 ; 424 (type).
Entebbe, 3900 ft., common in the lakeshore forest, a bush up to
12 ft. high, with black fruits, Oct., Eggeling ex Brasnett 205.

38. Canthium euryoides Bullock ex Hutch, et J . M. Dalz. FI. W.
Trop. Afr. ii. 113 (1931)*.— Canthium nitens Hiem in Oliv. FI. Trop.
Afr. iii 135 (1877), 11011 DC. Prodr. iv. 474 (1830), nec Plectronia

* This name was published as follows: C. euryoides Bullock in Kew Bull.
1931, ined.

384

nitens K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr. C. 385 (1895).
Pledronia lucida De Wild, et Th. Dur. in Ann. Mus. Congo, Ser. 2, i.
II. 33 (1900), non K. Schum. et K. Krause in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
xxxix. 537 (1907), nec Canthium lucidum R. Br. (1814). Canthium
Schimpenanum S. Moore in Joum. Linn. Soc. Bot. xxxvii. 161 (1905),
non A. Rich. (1847).

Uganda Protectorate. Kagera Valley, May, Bagshawe 282
(B.M.).

Kenya Colony. Without exact locality, 6000-7500 ft., in
dry country, Battiscombe 84.

Tanganyika Territory. Maschana, Usambara, March, Holst

8868.

Also in Southern Nigeria {Barter 2114), the locus classicus of
Hiem's species, and in the Lake Kivu and Lake Albert areas of the
Congo {Kassner 3132 ; 3261). I have not seen Dewfare 657, the type
of P. lucida, from the Congo, but from the description I believe it
should be placed here.

39. Canthium Schimperianum A. Rich. FI. Abyss, i. 350 (1847) ;
Hiem in Oliv. FI. Trop. Afr. iii. 135 (1877); Robyns in Notizblatt
Bot. Gart. Berlin, x. 617 (1929).— Canthium lucidum R. Br. in Salt,
Abyss, p lxvii. (1814), nomen, non Schlecht. ex Hook. f. FI. Brit. Ind.
iii. 132 (1880), nec Hook, et Am. Bot. Beech. Voy. 65 (1830), et non
Pledronia lucida De Wild et Th. Dur. (1900). Phallaria Schimperi
Hochst. in PI. Schimp. Exsicc. i. 328, nomen nudum; HiernZ.c. in syn.
Pledronia Schmipenana (A. Rich.) Vatke in Linnaea, xl. 195 (1876) ;
Engl. Hochgebirgsfl. Trop. Afr. 399 (1892); K. Schum in Engl, et
Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. iv. Abt. 4, 92, fig. 33, E-F (1897) ; Battis¬
combe, Trees and Woody PI. of Kenya Col. 106 (1926). Canthium
myrtifolium S. Moore m Joum. Bot. 266 (1907).

Uganda Protectorate. Forest near the mouth of the R.
Mpanga, Toro, 3800 ft., Aug., Bagshawe 1132 (B.M.).

Kenya Colony. Arabuko, a fairly tall forest tree, attaining a
diameter of 2 ft., with numerous white flowers, dark-coloured rough
bark with many longitudinal slits, and yielding a whitish hardwood
said to be almost as good as Brachychlaena , June, Graham J995.
Without exact locality, a small tree, Jan., Fries 1035. Nairobi,
Nyeri, 5500 ft., a medium sized tree in the Brachychlaena forest,
Gardner 115 (Oxf.). (Also Fries 247 ; 883 fide Robyns, l.c. —not
seen.)

Tanganyika Territory. Iringa, 6400 ft., a common small tree,
March, Lynes I.h. 235.

Also m Abyssinia. According to Battiscombe {l.c.) this tree
produces hard, easily-worked timber, and is common near Nairobi
and in the Nandi Cedar forests.

40. Canthium recurvifolium Bullock, sp. nov.

Frutex scandens vel erectus, glaber, 3-5 m. altus, ramis teretibus
angulo recto patentibus vel adscendentibus, ramulis primum

385

puberulis. Folia elliptica vel ovata, apice rotundata, basi rotundata
vel subcordata, 2*5-6 cm. longa, 1 *5-3*5 cm. lata, supra nitida, mar-
ginibus recurvis, petiolis brevissimis; stipulae anguste oblongae, 5
mm. longae, glabrae, mox deciduae. Fasciculi 2-4-flori, pedicellis
1 cm. longis parce puberulis, Calyx 3 mm. longus, limbo 5-lobato,
lobis parce puberulis. Corolla alabastro apice acuta, 7-8 mm. longa,
5 lobata, lobis 3*5 mm. longis. Drupa 2-locularis vel abortu
i-locularis, compressa, ambitu obovata, 7 mm. longa, pedicello
usque 2 cm. elongato parte superiore incrassato.

Kenya Colony. Mowesa, a scandent shrub growing near the
edge of the swamp, the twigs inserted at right-angles, with white or
cream flowers, Graham 1751.

Pemba Is. Bank of Chake-Chake Creek, a scandent shrub
with white flowers growing over bushes and small trees on the cliff
face in yellow sand, not common, Dec., Greenway 2781 (type).
Ras Mkumbuu, a much branched shrub with stiff erect branches
growing in sand near the sea shore above high water mark, fairly
common, Dec., Greenway 2775.

This is the only species occurring m East Africa which shows a
definitely recurved leaf-margin, though a tendency in this direction
is sometimes seen in small, ill-nourished examples of C. Schim-
perianum. Like many other species, its habit is erect with
ascending branchlets when there is no other vegetation near by
suitable for it to show its more usual scrambling habit. In the
latter case, the branchlets are inserted at right-angles.

IV.— Anomalous Series.

Intemodes very short; leaves rather small, narrowly oblong-
elliptic to elliptic, usually about 2-2-5 cm. long and up to 1 cm.
broad, but sometimes attaining 3-4*5 cm. long and 2 cm. broad,
apex obtuse, base subacute; fascicles 3-6-flowered; corolla

2-2*5 mm. long.41. C. Greenwayi

Intemodes rarely less than 1 cm. long, usually much longer;
leaves larger than above :

Flowers several:

Branchlets and stipules rusty-pubescent; leaves glabrescent,
but petioles persistently pubescent; othej^vise very much

as in C. pallidum (below).42. C. Diplodiscus

Branchlets, etc., quite glabrous; leaves oblong-elliptic to
ovate or obovate, apex rounded to acute, rounded or
abruptly acute at the base, usually up to about 7 cm. long

and 4 cm. broad.43. C. pallidum

Flowers solitary: &

Pedicels up to 2 cm. long; leaves oblong or somewhat
obovate-oblong, rounded at the apex, subtruncate at the
base, up to 8 cm. long and 3 cm. broad; calyx-lobes
glabrous, lanceolate, about 4 mm. long...44. C. mombazense

386

Pedicels i cm. long or less ; leaves ovate, obovate or elliptic,
apex very obtuse or rounded, rounded to somewhat
subcordate at the base, 2*5-4-5 cm. long, 1*5-2*5 cm.
broad; calyx-lobes glabrous, lanceolate, about 1*5 mm.
long.45. C. inopinatum

41. Canthium Greenwayi Bullock, sp. nov.

Frutex parvus, glaber, ramosissimus. Folia elliptica vel ovata,
1-3*5 cm * longa, 0*5-1 *5 cm. lata (raro usque 4*5 cm. longa et 2 cm.
lata), coriacea, petiolis 1*5 mm. longis; stipulae lanceolatae, usque
5 mm. longae, membranaceae, mox deciduae. Flores 3-6, in axillis
fasciculatis, pedicellis 5-7 mm. longis. Calyx profunde dentatus,
dentis triangularibus 1 mm. longis. Corolla caduca, alabastro 2 mm.
longa, apice minutissime apiculata. Drupa non visa.

Tanganyika Territory. Kisuani, S.E. Pares, 3000 ft., a
small much branched shrub with greenish flowers, growing in shade
in sandy soil on a rocky mountain slope, not common, Feb.,
Greenway 2179.

42. Canthium Diplodiscus ( K . Schum) Bullock, comb. nov.—
Pkctronia Diplodiscus K. Schum. in Engl. Pflanzenw. Ost-Afr.
C. 385 (1895).

Tanganyika Territory. Mlalo, Usambara, April, Holst 583
(type, Ber.).

43. Canthium pallidum (K. Schum,) Bullock, comb. nov. [Figure
4].— Plectronia pallida K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxviii. 77 (1899).

Kenya Colony. Arabuko, a shrub 10 ft. high forming under¬
growth in the forest, with greenish-white flowers which fall to pieces
very soon after opening, or a small tree up to 20 ft. high in the bush-
land, Graham 1968 ; 2340. Mwachi, a small tree up to 12 ft. high
with white flowers, growing as undergrowth in the forest or in the
bush, Graham 1762. Mida, a shrub or small tree of the undergrowth,
with white flowers, Elliot 1344. Without locality, a shrub of the
coast forests, Battiscombe 170.

Zanzibar Is. Mangapwani, a small shrub with greenish incon¬
spicuous flowers growing on the cliff top in coral rock, Jan., Greenway
1151. Without locality, Jan., Stuhlmann 487 (type, Ber.). Without
notes, Vaughan 1780.

44. Canthium mombazense Baill. in Baill. Adans. xii. 188 (1878),
Kenya Colony. Mombasa, Boivm s.n. (type, Paris).

Pemba Is. Ras Mkumbuu, a much-branched shrub up to 15 ft.
high, with lax branches and small greenish white flowers, growing
near the seashore above high-water mark, Dec., Greenway 2774.
Pembe Is., Oct., Burtt Davy 22460 (Oxf.). Pansa Is. (S.W. of Pemba
Is.). A shrub growing in the shade of taller trees, not common,
Feb., Greenway 1410.

The type of this species was collected during Boivin’s journey of
1847-52.

387

45- Canthium inopinatum Bullock, sp. nov.

Frutex erectus (vel arbor parva ?), glaber, ramis subpatentibus
leviter striatis, intemodiis circiter 1-2 cm. longis. Folia ovata vel
obovata vel elliptica, apice valde obtusa vel rotundata, basi rotundata
usque subcordata, 2-5-4*5 cm. longa, 1*5-2-5 cm. lata, petiolis
1-2 mm. longis; stipulae oblongo-lanceolatae, acutae, mem-
branaceae, 5 mm. longae. Flores in axillis solitarii, pedicellis
5-8 mm. longis. Calyx campanulatus, 3 mm. longus, profunde
5-lobatus, lobis glabris lanceolatis 1*5 mm. longis. Corolla apiculata.
Drupa non visa.

Tanganyika Territory. Ukambane, Nov., Sc. Elliot 6380.
Closely allied to the preceding, on account of its solitary flowers,
though differing in leaf-shape, the shorter pedicels and smaller
flowers, this species shows evident affinity with both C. pallidum and
C. Diplodiscus, both of which, however, have several flowers in
axillary fascicles.

Excluded Species.

1. Plectronia xanthotricha K. Schum. in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xxxiv.
335 (1904), is perhaps better referred to Hutchinsonia Robyns,
under die name H. xanthotricha (K. Schum.) Bullock, comb. nov.

2. Plectronia bugoyensis K. Krause in Mildbr. Wiss. Ergebn.
Deutsch. Zentr.-Afr. Exped., 1907-8, ii. 327 (1911), is congeneric
with the preceding, and a new combination, Hutchinsonia
bugoyensis (K. Krause) Bullock , is therefore made for it.

The two species above have much shorter corolla-tubes than the
two West African plants on which Dr. Robyns founded the genus.
Some slight modification of the generic characters is therefore
necessary.

3. Plectronia kidaria K. Schum. et K. Krause in Engl, Bot. Jahrb.
xxxix. 537 (1907), is Rytigynia kidaria (K. Schum. et K. Krause)
Bullock, comb. nov.

4. Plectronia amaniensis K. Krause in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. xliii. 142
(1909), is Rytigynia amaniensis (K. Krause) Bullock , comb. nov.

5. Plectronia Eickii K. Schum. et K. Krause in Engl. Bot. Jahrb.
xxxix. 538 (1907), is Rytigynia Eickii (K. Schum. et K. Krause)
Bullock, comb. nov.

6. Canthium phyllanthoideum Baill. in Baill. Adans. xii. 220 (1878), is
Rytigynia phyllanthoidea {Baill) Bullock, comb. nov.

7. Canthium didymocarpum Peters MS. in Herb. Amani. is better
placed in Rytigynia (.Zimmermann G. 6107, from Longuza).

8. Canthium pubipes S. Moore in Joum. Bot. xliii. 352 {1905), is a
Rubiaceous plant which I exclude from Canthium on account of its
terminal inflorescence. It may be a species of Psychotria, but the
material is scarcely sufficient to decide the point.

389

LII.—RESEARCHES ON SILENE MARITIMA AND S.
VULGARIS*: X. Investigation of the Vascular Anatomy
of the Flowers of Silene maritima. C. A. Pratt (Imperial
College of Science and Technology).

The material on which this investigation is based was collected
at Potteme from numbered plants of Silene maritima . Flowers of
these plants were examined anatomically in order to substantiate, if
possible, the suggestion put forward by R. O. Whyte (Nature,
cxxiii 113: 1929 and Joum. Genetics, xxiii. 109: 1930) that
the sexual and petal differences exhibited might be due to, or at
least correlated with, variations in the vascular anatomy (“ vascular
bundle supply ”) of the flowers.

Some of the flowers investigated showed poor petal development,
others deficient anther development (functionally female), and some
were defective in both respects.

This material was derived from the following plants :—

N 16 (=A 13 selfed) Plant 1—Poor petals and anthers
deficient.

N 16 (=A13 selfed) Plant 3—Poor petals and normal anthers.

A 13—Poor petals.

A 2—Anthers deficient.

A 11—Normal hermaphrodite.

A 6—Normal hermaphrodite.

Methods.

(i) Flowers of each of these were cleared in Eau de Javelle,
stained in ammoniacal fuchsin and mounted entire.

390

(ii) Flowers were cut approximately in half and the ovary
removed. The half flower was cleared in Eau de Javelle, stained in
ammoniacal fuchsin and then mounted.

(iii) Longitudinal sections were cut through the flowers. All of
the sections of any one flower were stained and mounted together.
These sections were stained either with safranin and haematoxylin,
or with ammoniacal fuchsin. The latter stain proved the more
satisfactory.

(iv) Series of transverse sections were cut through the base of the
flower from the level of the calyx attachment to that where the
petals and stamens become free from the receptacle. All of the
sections from any one flower were stained and mounted together.

Results.

The entire flowers in method (i) did not show the vascular system
sufficiently clearly though it was evident that in every flower
examined the vascular supplies were abundantly developed. Cutting
the flowers, as in (ii), and removing the ovaries made it possible to
follow the vascular strands with some degree of certainty. Typical
results are shown in the diagrams, Figs, (i), (2), and (3), which are
drawn as nearly as possible on the same scale. Fig. (1) was drawn
from A 6 with normal petals and anthers, Fig. (2) from N16 with poor
petals and deficient anthers, Fig. (3) from A 2 with normal petals and
deficient anthers.

These diagrams serve for comparison of the relative sizes of the
stamens and petals in the different flower types, as well as to show
vascular supplies to petals and stamens.

Figs. (4) and (5) have been drawn from a large number of longi¬
tudinal sections obtained by method (iv).

391

Fig. (4) represents the vascular system as seen in flowers of
plants A 6 and A 11 (both normal), and A 13 (poor petal). The
vascular strands were well developed in every flower to stamens, to
normal petals, and to poor petals. The same was found to be true
of flowers of A 2 (anthers deficient) and of N 16 (poor petals and
anthers deficient).

The results obtained by method (iv) are shown in Figs. (6)-(ii).
Fig. (5} shows the approximate levels of the sections from which the
drawings were made. The investigation made it clear that the
vascular systems are alike and equally developed in all of the flowers,
whether normal, or with poor petals, or with deficient anthers, or if
deficient in both petals and anthers. A similar series was obtained
for every flower. The drawings have intentionally been made from
sections selected from different series in order to emphasise this
point. The source of the section is indicated below. It will be
noticed that these sections provide an essentially continuous series.

392

Diagrams of sections through base of flower of Silene maritima, passing
upwards.

Fig. (6) Vascular supply of axis and small strands passing down
and out to calyx (from N 16).

Fig. (7) Petal strands leaving central cylinder, which has by
now widened out considerably (from An).

Fig. (8) Five petal strands isolated : origin of outer and inner
stamen strands by fluting of central cylinder (from A 13
and A 2).

Fig. (9) Five petal and ten stamen strands clearly and strongly
developed : drawn from N 16 (poor petals and anthers
deficient) : ridges at bases of petals not pronounced.
Fig. (10) Five petals and ten stamen strands as seen in normal
hermaphrodite flower (A 11) : pronounced ridges at
bases of petals.

Fig. (n) Petals and stamens free from receptacle: vascular
supply to ovary wall separating out.

Coticlusion.

All the evidence obtained by each of the four methods described
above points to the conclusion that the failure in certain of the
flowers of plants of Silene maritima to complete the development of
anthers and of petals cannot be ascribed to any anatomical defects
of the vascular bundles. Early cessation of growth of the parts is
not, then, due to failure of nutrition resulting from an inadequate
vascular supply. The stamens and petals cease to grow in spite of
the fact that the vascular strands are as well formed as in normal
plants. Indeed, as will be seen by comparing Figs. (9) and (10)
the difference between the poor and normal petals is already evident
at such a low level as, obviously, to be quite independent of the
vascular supply. The petal strands are equally well developed in the
two flowers, but only the normal petals have a strongly ridged base.

Imperfect flower development does not, then, seem to be con¬
ditioned by the vascular supply, for in this respect all the flowers of
Silene maritima , perfect and imperfect, are indistinguishable.
Literature .

(i) Marsden-Jones, E. M. and TurriU , W. B. “Researches on

Silene maritima and Silene vulgaris.” Kew Bulletin, 1928,
1; 1929. 33, 145; 1931,118, 345-

(ii) Whyte , R. O. “ Dioecism in Ranunculus acris,” Nature,

cxxiii. 13 (1929).

(iii) Whyte, R. 0 . “ Researches on Silene maritima and Silene

vulgaris.” Kew Bulletin, 1929,197.

(iv) Whyte , R. 0 . “ Studies in Ranunculus : II, The cytological

basis of sex in R. acris L.” Joum. Gen. xxi. 183-193 (1929).

(v) Whyte, R. 0 . " Sterility and Floral Abnormality in the tetra-

ploid Saxifraga pottemensis. ,> Joum. Gen. xxiii. 93-121
(1930).

394

LIII.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA. OF TROPICAL
AMERICA. XIV.* N. Y. Sandwith.

Mora and Dimorphandra in British Guiana.

These two genera, like Eperua (Wallaba), are of considerable
economic and ecological importance, and the time has come for
a taxonomic treatment of the species occurring in British Guiana.
The small genus Mora, which has sometimes been merged in
Dimorphandra, includes the famous Mora of the Arawaks, which is
one of the largest and best-known trees in the Colony and has been
repeatedly mentioned by such writers as the Schomburgks, and the
less well-known Morabukea, a large tree of equal ecological signifi¬
cance, which has only recently been described as a distinct species,
while the flowers are described for the first time in this paper. A
full account of the ecology of the Mora and Morabukea consociations
or forest-types in British Guiana will appear shortly in the Journal
of Ecology, in a paper by Messrs. P. W. Richards and T. A. W.
Davis.

Dimorphandra is a very interesting genus of about 18 species
occurring in Guiana and Brazil, and in Amazonian Venezuela.
This number will probably be increased by further exploration in
the interior of Guiana and adjacent Brazil, since of the six species
known in British Guiana four are described here for the first time.
In British Guiana, at any rate, the species of Dimorphandra, unlike
those of Mora, are always found in the “ white sand ” patches of the
coastal region or in the wide sandstone areas of the interior where
more species will almost certainly be discovered. They may be
small trees of the savannah type of vegetation (D. conjugata and D.
cuprea), or very large trees with an immense girth [D. Davisii ). One
of them, D. macrosiachya, is a conspicuous feature of the flora of the
slopes of Roraima, but has not yet been met with on Duida, at the
western extremity of the Pacaraima Range.

A most useful recension of Dimorphandra and Mora was given by
Dr. Ducke in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, iv. 39-45 (1925).
Sufficiently convincing arguments were given there for the retention
of Mora as a good genus, but Dr. Ducke might have stressed two
floral characters of Mora, the woolly deciduous hairs at the apex of
the anthers, and the long style, which appear to be constant in the
South American species and in M. megistosperma (Pittier) Britton et
Rose (M. oleifera Ducke) of Panama although, to judge from
descriptions, they are not present in the two isolated species of
Hispaniola, M. Ekmanii (Urb.) Britton et Rose and M. Abhottii
Rose et Leonard.

In his review of Dimorphandra, Ducke has shown that the stamin-
odial characters, which were originally used by Tulasne to distinguish
the two sections Eudimorphandra and Pocillum, are by no means so
clear-cut as had been supposed. This is still further borne out by

•Continued from KB. 1932, 317.

395

examination of the British Guiana species, and one is led to the
conclusion that there is no correlation whatever between such
characters and the others, such as inflorescence and fruit, which
certainly distinguish the species forming the two sections. Thus
the staminodes of D. Davisii (§ Pocillum) and of D. conjugata
(§ Eudimorphandra) are free and anantherous; those of D. con-
gestiflora and D. Hohenkerkii (both § Pocillum) are free and antheri-
ferous; while those of D. cuprea (§ Pocillum) are coherent and
antheriferous. The staminodes of D. macrostachya (§ Pocillum) are
unfortunately unknown. The presence or absence of rudimentary
anthers on the staminodes is presumably of no great taxonomic
value, since of two closely allied species, D. cuprea and D. velutina
Ducke, they are present in the former and absent in the latter.
There remains the actual shape of the lamina of the staminode;
the value of this has been greatly exaggerated, and it does not appear
to be capable of employment as a sectional character.

Mention must be made of Ducke’s misleading interpretation of
D. polyandra Benoist and D. macrostachya Benth. Relying on
portions of the original descriptions, he has placed these species in a
part of his key comprising plants with truly spicate (sessile) flowers.
Both species, however, have very distinctly pedicellate flowers, and
the Brazilian D. macrostachya Ducke is obviously a misidentification
and bears no resemblance to the Roraima species ; it seems, on the
other hand, to be closely allied to D. congestiflora of the present paper.

Dr. Ducke made no reference in his account to D. mcgacarpa
Rolfe, which was described from leaves and fruit only, but he had
already reduced it to Parkia multijuga Benth.—see Arch. Jard. Bot.
Rio de Janeiro, iii. 79 (1922).

Key to Mora and Dimorphandra.

Leaves simply pinnate, wholly glabrous; anthers (in S. American
species) with conspicuous deciduous white hairs; style longer
than the glabrous (in British Guiana species) ovary; seeds large,

reniform, soft, with membranous testa, exalbuminous.

Mora Benth.

Leaves bipinnate, never wholly glabrous ; anthers always glabrous;
style much shorter than the villous (in British Guiana species)
ovary; seeds ( fide Ducke) small, nearly cylindric or oval and

flattened, very hard, with coriaceous testa, albuminous.

Dimorphandra Schott

Key to the British Guiana Species of Mora.

Bark greyish-brown; leaflets 3-4-jugate, finely and intricately

reticulate beneath; ovary distinctly stipitate.1. excelsa

Bark rich brown ; leaflets 2-jugate, laxly reticulate beneath; ovary
sessile or barely stipitate.2. Gonggrijpii

1. Mora excelsa Benth. in Trans. Linn. Soc. xviii. 210, tt. xvi, xvii
(1839); Griseb. FI. Brit. W. Ind. 216 (i860); R. O. Williams in

396

Flora of Trinidad and Tobago, i. 285 (1931).— M. guianensis Schomb.
ex Benth. et Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 588 (1865), pro syn. ; Baill, Hist.
PI. ii. 149 (1870), in adnot.; Ducke in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de
Janeiro, iv. 45 (1925). Dimorphandra Mora Benth. et Hook. f.
Gen. PI. i. 588 (1865) ; Record, Timbers of Tropical America, 225
(1924). D. excelsa Bail!. Hist. PI. ii. 167 (1870), in obs.; Pulle,
Enum. PI. Surinam, 209 (1906) ; Pittier in Trab. Mus. Com.
Venezuela, iii. 133 (1928). D. guianensis Baill. Lc. 149, in adnot.

Arbor excelsa, cortice cinereo usque cinereo-brunneo. Folia
omnino glabra, intemodiis rhacheos usque 5-5 cm. longis; foliola
3-4-juga, matura oblonga, elliptica vel elliptico-oblonga, apice
rotundata saepissime leviter emarginata vel brevissime obtuse
cuspidata, basi saepius rotundata vel obtusa sed nonnunquam
cuneata, 6-19 cm. longa, 2-5~7‘5 cm. lata (in plantis incipientibus
majora, forma valde diversa, anguste elliptica, apice attenuata,
longe acuminata, basi attenuata acuta), coriacea, utrinque praes-
ertim supra nitida, costa utrinque elevata, nervis ceteris utrinque
obviis, reticulatione densa valde intricata praesertim subtus
prominente. Inflorescentiae spicatae, spicis apice ramulorum
paniculatis dense breviter albo-pilosulis 8-25 cm. longis genitalibus
exclusis ad 1*7 cm. diam. Calyx cylindrico-campanulatus usque
campanulatus, lobis inclusis circiter 4 mm. longus atque latus, extra
glaber vel pilosulus, tubo intus pubescente; lobi rotundato-
semicirculares, 1-1*25 mm. longi. 1*5-2 mm. lati, valde albo-ciliati.
Petala spathulata, 5-5-6 mm. longa, vix 2-5 mm. lata, glabra sed
dimidio superiore valde ciliata. Stamina filamentis 7 mm. longis;
antherae ellipticae, 1-5 mm. longae, 1 mm. latae, pilis albis longis
mox deciduis dense lanato-barbatae. Staminodia glabra, filamentis
6-7 mm. longis; lamina anguste clavata, 1-5 mm. longa, vix
0-5 mm. lata. Ovarium distincte (0-7 mm. vel saepius longius)
stipitatum, ellipsoideum, glabrum, stylo multo longiore. Legumen
glabrum, 13-21 cm. longum, 5-7-5 cm. latum, seminibus 1-2 reni-
formibus usque 12-5 cm. longis, usque 7 cm. latis.

Without locality, Robert Schomburgk 496 (type), 148 ; Parker.
Demerara River, fl. June, 1889, Jenman 5096. Pomeroon River,
fi. March 1884, Jenman 2006. Flat ground near Pomeroon River,
fl. Jan. 1931, Chapelle in Forestry Department record no. 1013.
Baboon Island, Kurupukari, Essequibo River, fl. July 1920, Hohen-
kerk in F.D. no. 844. Near Tinamu Fall, Cuyuni River, fl. March
1931, Martyn 267. Stop-off Fall, Cuyuni River, fl. Feb. 1931,
Brinsley in F.D. no. 2051. On right bank below the Akaio Falls,
Cuyuni River, seedling leaves only, Nov. 1929, Sandwith 701.

Vernacular name (Arawak), “ Mora/'

Distr. Guiana ; Trinidad; Eastern Venezuela, in the Orinoco
Delta.

The Trinidad material has the calyx pilosulous on the outer
surface; that of British Guiana specimens is usually, but not always
—see Martyn 267—glabrous outside except for the ciliate lobes.

397

The leaflets of seedlings are remarkably different in shape and size
from those of the mature tree.

2. Mora Gonggrijpii (Kleinh.) Sandwith, comb. nov.— Dimor-
phandra Gonggrijpii Kleinh. in Rec. Trav. Bot. N6erl. xxii. 410
(1925); Sandwith in Kew Bull. 1931, p. 367-8.

Arbor excelsa, cortice laete brunneo. Folia omnino glabra,
petiolo 1-6 cm. longo, intemodio rhacheos 1-5-5 cm - longo, petio-
lulis 4-8 mm. longis ; foliola bijuga, elliptica, obovato-elliptica vel
ovata (semper eis M. excelsae multo minus oblonga), apice breviter
late obtuse acuminata vel cuspidata, basi cuneata acuta usque
obtusa fere rotundata, 5-15 cm. longa, 2-5-7*5 cm. lata (in plantis
incipientibus majora), tenuiter coriacea, utrinque praesertim supra
nitida, costa utrinque elevata, nervis ceteris supra obviis sed venulis
inconspicuis, subtus laxe prominenter reticulatis. Inflorescentiae
spicatae, spicis apice ramulorum paniculatis; spicae ut in M.
excelsa breviter albo-pilosulae, usque q cm. longae, genitalibus
exclusis 1-1*5 cm - diametro. Flores sessiles, cremeo-albi. Calyx
maturus campanulatus, lobis inclusi^ 3-5-4*5 mm. longus, 4-5 mm.
latus, extra glaber, tubo intus pubescente; lobi late rotundato-
ovati, 1-5-175 mm. longi, 175-2 mm. lati, albo-ciliati. Petala
spathulata, vix 6 mm. longa, 2-2-5 mm. lata, dimidio superiore
ciliata, ceterum glabra. Stamina filamentis glabris, maturis ad
8 mm. longis; antherae elhptico-oblongae, 1-75-2 mm. longae,
I mm. latae, ut in M. excelsa pilis albis longis mox deciduis dense
lanato-barbatae. Staminodia libera, glabra, filamentis 4-5 mm.
longis; lamina ovata usque clavato-elliptica, 1-1*2 mm. longa,
0-5 mm. lata. Ovarium sessile vel subsessile, ellipsoideum, sub
anthesi 3 mm. longum, 1-5 mm. diametro, glabrum ; stylus glaber,
5-7 mm. longus; ovula 4-5. Fructus maturus ignotus; semen
teste Kleinhoonte medio connatum, rotundatum, applanatum.

Matope Line, Cuyuni River, fi. Feb. 1931, Davis in Forestry
Department record no. 1033 : “ moderately large tree, about 130 ft.
high, 14 in. diam., in morabukea forest on ochreous-brown clay soil
on hill slope; slightly buttressed; flowers creamy-white."
Moraballi Creek, Essequibo River, Nov. 1929 (leaves only), Sandwith
570. Mazaruni River, Aug. 1926 (leaves only, from seedlings?).
Forestry Department record no. 888.

Vernacular name (Arawak), " Morabukea.”

Distr. Surinam.

The flowering material collected by Mr. T. A. W. Davis removes
all doubt as to the position of this species in the genus Mora, and
enables the above description to be drawn up. The characters of
the inflorescence prove to be strikingly similar to those of M.
excelsa in every detail, the only differences detected being in the
calyx-lobes, which appear to be rather longer, and in the ovary,
which is sessile or very nearly so, instead of very distinctly stipitate.
The flowering spikes are uniformly short, but further collections
may show that they can be longer; those of M, excelsa are known

398

to vary greatly in length. The flowers of the two species appear to
be of the same colour.

Mr. Davis has kindly sent the following note on Morabukea :

" Morabukea is normally not quite so large a tree as Mora, the
average height of mature trees being 127 ft. against 135 ft. in Mora,
and the difference in girth is still more marked, very large specimens
of Morabukea being far less common than they are of Mora. Apart
from the leaves the colour of the bark is a good distinguishing
character, for though the difference may not be very marked in a
few cases, it is very distinctive in typical individuals. M. Gonggrijfiii
has brick red bark (where it is clean and newly exposed by the
shedding of old bark) whilst that of Mora is ashy brown, or light
ochreous brown in colour. Mora boles appear ashy grey whilst
those of Morabukea are decidedly reddish. The blaze is not
distinctive.”

“ Ecologically the two species are alike in being gregarious.
Morabukea is characteristic of localities always free from inundation,
whilst Mora typically grows in swampy localities, or on low-lying
ground subject to periodical floods. M. excelsa is, however, quite
commonly found growing on hill slopes, when the general composition
of the forest is very similar to that of Mixed Forest. In typical
Mora Forest the canopy is less dense than in Mixed Forest. Mora¬
bukea Forest is characterised by a very dense canopy—it gives
heavier shade than any other common forest type in British Guiana—
and heavy undergrowth due to a dense mass of seedlings which form
a thicket. Its associates are the species characteristic of Mixed
Forest, but it is normally far more strongly dominant than is Mora
occupying a similar habitat. In typical Mora Forest seedlings are
abundant, but they do not form thickets comparable in density with
those of Morabukea regeneration. Neither Mora nor Morabukea
Forest can be definitely associated with any particular type of soil.”

Key to the British Guiana Species of Dimorphandra.
Leaflets not stellate-pubescent; flowers in solitary or few, long
(usually much exceeding 10 cm.) simple racemes or spikes ; calyx
campanulate or cup-shaped; petals longer than the calyx
(species of Section Pocillum);

Leaflets 3-5-jugate, large, not less than 5*8 cm. long or 2-5 cm.
wide, usually much larger : petals conspicuously sericeous-pilose

within.x. Davisii

Leaflets multijugate, not reaching the lowest dimensions of
D. Davisii , usually much smaller; petals glabrous or nearly
glabrous within:

Flowers sessile ; petals less than 4 mm. long.2. congestiflora

Flowers pedicellate ; petals more than 4 mm. long :

Lower surface of leaflets, rhachis, branchlets and inflorescence,

densely cupreous-pilose.3. cuprea

Lower surface of leaflets glabrous or glabrescent; rhachis,
branchlets and inflorescence not cupreous-pilose:

399

Leaflets up to io pairs, rather large, 2*5-5-5 cm. long,

0*6-2 *4 cm. wide.4. Hohenkerkii

Leaflets numerous, more than 10 pairs, small, hardly up to

1*5 cm. long, very rarely exceeding 4 mm. in width.

5. macrostachya

Leaflets large, stellate-pubescent beneath ; flowers in numerous,
short (usually less than 10 cm.), paniculate spikes; calyx cylin-
dric; petals small, shorter than the calyx (species of Section
Eudimorphandm ).6. conjugata (latifolia)

1. Dimorphandra Davisii Sprague et Sandmith, sp. nov.; distinct-
issima, specierum adhuc cognitarum prope D. vemicosam Spruce ex
Benth. tantum ponenda, ab ilia forma foliolorum magnorum,
petalis intus dense sericeo-pilosis longe abhorrens.

Arbor excelsa, in terra albo-arenosa crescens ; ramuli summi
nigrescentes, glabrescentes, costati, lenticellati. Folia usque 33 cm.
longa ; petiolus sparse pubescens, 5 *5-6*5 cm. longus ; intemodium
rhacheos simile, 3-4*2 cm. longum ; pinnae 2-jugae, altera jugi
superioris nonnunquam suppressa, petiolis 2-4 cm. longis, intemodiis
rhacheos 1-4 cm. longis, omnibus cinereo-pubescentibus; petioluli
3*5-6 mm. longi, similiter induti; foliola 3-5-juga, opposita vel fere
opposita, ovata usque oblonga, apice abrupte breviter (3-7 mm.)
acute acuminata, basi rotundata et leviter cordata vel obtusa
ecordata vel etiam acuta cuneata, 5*8-15 cm. longa, 2*5-5*5 cm. lata,
subcoriacea, supra nitidula glabra vel glabrescentia, subtus satis
dense minute cinereo-pubescentia, utrinque subtiliter inconspicue
reticulata, nervis primariis utroque costae latere circiter 12.
Inflorescentiae densissime racemosae, racemis solitariis vel binis
ubique praesertim supeme ferrugineo-tomentosis vel pedunculo
infeme tantum pubescente; pedunculus 3*5-10 cm. longus,
3’5~4*5 mm. diametro ; pars florifera densissima, 10*5-17 cm. longa,
circiter 2*5 cm. diametro; pedicelli tomentosi ad 3 mm. longi.
Calyx turbinato-campanulatus, extra sericeo-pubescens, lobis
inclusis 4-5 mm. longus, apice ad 4 mm. latus; lobi deltoideo-
triangulares, obtusi, circiter 1 mm. longi, ad 1*75 mm. lati. Petala
anguste obovato-spathulata, 7*75 mm. longa, ad 2*6 mm. lata, extra
glabra, intus infeme glabra ceterum conspicue dense sericeo-pilosa.
Stamina uniseriata, glabra, matura filamentis 6 *5-7 *5 mm. longis
juventute apicem versus conspicue angustatis ; antherae oblongae,
vix 2 mm. longae, 1 mm. latae. Staminodia libera, decidua, glabra,
filamentis in akbastro 1-1*5 mm. longis, lamina foliacea crassa plus
minusve triquetra elliptico-lanceolata, 2*75-3 mm. longa, vix 1 mm.
lata, apice ananthera. Ovarium stipite styloque induso anguste
fusiforme, saepe leviter falcatum, saepe leviter falcatum, 7-7*5 mm.
longum, ad 1 mm. latum, dense flavescenti-sericeo-pilosum, stipite
indumento ovarii circiter 2*5 mm. longo, stylo brevi glabro vix 2 mm.
longo; ovula 5. Legumen rectum vel leviter falcatum, planum,
coriaceum, marginibus incrassatis, glabrum, oblongum, 16-20 cm.

400

longum, 3*3-3*6 cm. latum, apice in acumen ad 1 cm. longum con-
tractum, indehiscens, stipite 2-4*5 cm. longo.

British Guiana. Mazaruni-Kuribrong Divide, between Camps
9 and 10, fl. and fr., Nov. 1926, Davis in Forestry Department record
no. 895 (type) ; a large tree on white sand lull. Ibid., Camp 8,
fr. and old fl., Oct. 1926, Mackay in F.D. no. 891.

A magnificent species, with no obvious affinities. Its discoverer,
Mr. T. A. W. Davis, writes as follows: “ The specimen was not
measured, but was a large tree about 30 in. diameter and probably
120 ft. or more in height. The bark is grey with regular longitudinal
fissures. The crown is light, and the leaves are rather pale green,
those on young trees or epicormic shoots being very much larger
than those from the crowns of mature trees. No. 891 is undoubtedly
the same species as No. 895. Flowers white.”

“ The trees are very large, unbuttressed, with long somewhat
tapering boles. The normal girth attained undoubtedly exceeds
that of Mora excelsa, and the average height is at least 120 ft.
They grow gregariously in association with Eperua and Dicymbe
corymbosa. Arawak Indians asserted that where it was found the
undergrowth consisted of species which commonly grow in Muri
(Houmin) scrub. It was found growing on white quartz sand only,
and the dead leaf-layer was always thick, but not excessively so as in
Dakama Forest {D. conjugata

2. Dimorphandra congestiflora Sprague et Sandwith sp. nov.;
D. campinarum Ducke affinis, indumento folioloram calycisque e
descriptione distinguenda.

Arbor, sat excelsa, cortice laevi. Folia usque 35 cm. longa,
petiolo, rhachi, pinnisque ubique breviter molliter ferrugineo-
tomentosis; petiolus 4*5~9*5 cm. longus, 3-4*5 mm. diametro;
intemodia rhacheos 1-5-3*5 cm. longa ; pinnae 3-8-jugae, 11-22 cm.
longae, petiolis vulgo 7-8 mm. longis, intemodiis rhacheos 6-9 mm.
longis; foliola sessilia vel minutissime petiolulata, multijuga,
28-29-juga, opposita, anguste obovato-oblonga (vel oblonga), apice
obtuse rotiuidata (vel levissime emarginata), basi truncata levissime
cordata, 1-5-3*3 cm. longa, 4*5-7*5 mm. lata, inferiora nonnunquam
minora, coriacea, margine revoluto, supra nitida prope basin atque
secus costam sericeo-pubescentia ceterum glabrescentia costa
canaliculato-impressa excepta evenia rugulosa, subtus ubique
flavescenti-sericeo-pubescentia costa ferruginea valde prominente
ceterum fere evenia vel nends lateralibus obscuris vix elevatis.
Inflorescentiae apicem ramulorum versus complures (saepius 4),
spicatae; spicae longissimae, aurantiaco-rubrae, ubique velut
ramuli molliter ferrugineo-tomentosae, pedunculo 2*5-4 cm * longo,
4-5 mm. diametro, parte florifera usque 32 cm. longa et 1*2 cm.
diametro, floribus sessilibus densissime congestis; bracteae subu-
latae, circiter 1*5 mm. longae. Calyx perfecte cupularis, statu vivo
flavus, siccitate extra ferrugineo-tomentosus, intus pubescens, lobis
inclusis 2*5 mm. longus atque latus; lobi late rotundato-ovati vel

401

subsemicirculares, vix 07 mm. longi, ad 1*5 mm. lati. Petala
aurantiaca, obovato-oblonga, ad 375 mm. longa, 2-2-5 nun. lata,
extra dimidio inferiore sparse flavescenti-pubescentia ceterum
glabra, intus fere glabra sed prope medium sparsissime pubescentia.
Stamina 5 glabra; filamenta rubra, matura 3-3-5 mm. longa,
o-6 mm. lata, apice angustata; antherae aurantiacae, ovato-
oblongae, vix 1-5 mm. longae, circiter o-8 mm. (vix 1 mm.) latae.
Staminodia libera, glabra, laminis deciduis; filamenta in alabastro
circiter 1 mm. longa, fore maturo elongata tenuia ad 4 mm. longa ;
lamina rubra, petaloidea, plana, membranacea, obovata, 1-5 mm.
longa, 0-5 mm. lata, apice anthera rudimentaria circiter 0-4 mm.
longa 0-3 mm. lata coronata. Ovarium sessile, anguste ovoideo-
ellipsoideum, densissime longe fiavescenti-villosum, stylo incluso
3-25 mm. longum, 1 mm. latum; stylus brevis, glaber, vix 1 mm.
longus ; ovula 8. Fmctus ignotus.

British Guiana. Mazaruni River : Macreba Falls, Kurupung
River, August 1925, Alt son 348 (type). “ A large tree, 80 ft. high,
by waterside on sandy soil. Bark smooth, exudes translucent-
brown watery secretion. Flowering spikes borne in terminal
clusters at the summit, usually 4 in a cluster ; calyx yellow ; corolla
orange ; filaments red ; anthers orange ; dilated staminodes red ;
whole spike appears orange-red. The bark is said to be used in the
construction of ‘ woodskins

Potaro River : Waratuk Path, Oct. 1898, Jenman 7429.

Vernacular name (Acawai), “ Hawakaiyek ” ( fide Altson).

A very close ally of this species is D. macrostachya Ducke, non
Benth., see note under D. macrostachya Benth. D. congestiflora and
its allies are characterised not only by their sessile flowers, but also
by their cupular, rather than campanulate, calyx, and unusually
short petals.

3. Dimorphandra cuprea Sprague et Sandwith sp. nov.; D.
velutinae Ducke manifeste affinis, pinnis foliorum paucioribus,
foliolis infra cupreo-pilosis nec pallide sericeo-pubescentibus, racemis
angustioribus, rhachi pedicellis calycibusque indumento cupreo
multo densius atque longius tomentosis, lamina staminodiorum
breviore apice anthera rudimentaria coronata differt.

Arbor parva, patula, 6 m. alta, partibus novellis inflorescentiisque
ubique insigniter dense cupreo-tomentosis ; ramuli summi costato-
sulcati, ad 5 mm. diametro. Folia usque 30 cm. longa; petiolus
ut ramuli indumento supra descripto praeditus, 4-7 cm. longus;
intemodia rhacheos similiter induta, 1-5-2 cm. longa; pinnae
9-12-jugae, 5-11 cm. longae, petiolis 3-4 mm. longis rhachique
indumento cupreo denso indutis, intemodiis rhacheos circiter 3 mm.
tantum longis; foliola sessilia, multijuga, 20-40-juga, opposita,
anguste lineari-oblonga sed apicem versus paulum dflatata, apice
rotundata, basi truncata rhachi adpressa, 0*5 (ima et summa)-
1-2 cm. longa, 1-2 mm. lata, coriacea margine revoluto, supra nitida
plumbea costa pilosa demum glabrescente excepta glabra costa

402

canaliculato-impressa cetenim evenia, subtus dense praesertim costa
valde prominente cupreo-pilosa cetenim evenia. Inflorescentiae
axillares, solitariae, racemosae, passim cupreo-tomentosae ; pedun-
culus circiter 10-12 cm. longus, ad 2-5 mm. diametro ; pars florifera
18-26 cm. longa, 1-5 cm. diametro, floribus in verticillis congestis
dispositis; pedicelli 2-3 mm. longi; bracteae subulatae, circiter
2 mm. longae. Calyx campanulatus, lobis inclusis 3 mm. longus,
4 mm. latus, utrinque cupreo-tomentosns; lobi late ovato-triangu-
lares, obtusi, ad 075 mm. longi, 1-5-2 mm. lati. Petala glabra,
obovato-spathulata, 6-7 mm. longa, 3 mm. lata. Stamina 5, glabra,
filamentis 4 mm. longis apice angustatis; antherae oblongo-ellip-
ticae, ad 2-25 mm. longae, vix 1 mm. latae. Staminodia glabra,
filamentis in alabastro circiter 1 mm. longis (in flore maturo
elongatis) ; laminae deciduae, in alabastro insigniter cohaerentes,
foliaceae, crassae, camosae, ellipsoideae, ad 3-5 mm. longae, circiter
1*5 mm. latae, apice antheris rudimentariis minutis coronatae.
Ovarium sessile, ovoideo-ellipsoideum, cum stylo ad 4*5 mm. longum,
1*5 mm. diametro, dense cupreo-villosum ; stylus glaber, vix 1 mm.
longus ; ovula 9. Fructus ignotus.

British Guiana. Kaieteur Savannah, Potaro River, Sept.-Oct.
1881, Jeyman 1030. “ A spreading tree, 20 ft. high.”

4. Dimorphandra Hohenkerkii Sprague et Sandwith, sp. nov.;
D. vernicosae Spruce ex Benth. affinis, pinnis foliorum 4-5-jugis,
inflorescentiis longissimis differt; D. polyandra R. Benoist valde
affinis, staminibus fertilibus 8-10 statim distinguitur.

Arbor mediocris, in terra arenosa crescens; ramuli summi
circiter 8-9 mm. diametro, obtuse angulati, late sulcati, minute
ferrugineo-pubescentes. Folia usque 18 cm. longa ; petiolus minute
cinereo- et ferrugineo-pubescens, 2-5~4'5 cm. longus, 2-3-5 mm.
diametro; intemodia rhacheos similiter induta, 1-5-4 cm. longa;
pinnae 4-5-jugae, similiter indutae, ad 11 cm. longae, petiolis ad
1-3 cm. longis, intemodiis rhacheos 0-7-1-2 cm. longis; foliola
subsessilia, 7-10-juga, obovato-oblonga vel oblonga, apice truncata
levissime emarginata vel obtusa rotundata, basi obliqua obtusa,
brevissime petiolulata, 2-5-5-5 cm. longa, 0-6-2-4 cm. lata, coriacea,
supra nitida siccitate plumbeo-purpurascentia semivemicosa, subtus
opaca brunneo-rubra, supra glabra costa nervisque impressis
obscuris, subtus costa saepius pubescente excepta glabra costa
nervisque lateralibus prominentibus venulis inconspicuis mesophyllo
dense minutissime punctulato. Inflorescentiae axillares, solitariae,
racemosae, dense cinereo- et ferrugineo-pubescentes vel sub-
tomentellae; pedunculus 3-5 cm. longus, 4-5*5 mm. diametro;
pars florifera usque 38 cm. longa, 17-2 cm. diametro; pedicelli
circiter 2 mm. longi, ferrugineo-pubescentes; bracteae subulatae,
circiter 2 mm. longae. Calyx statu vivo aurantiacus, campanulatus,
lobis inclusis 3 mm. longus, 3-25 mm. latus, extra sparse ferrugineo-
pubescens, intus tubo satis dense flavo-sericeo-pubescente ceterum
glabrescens; lobi rotundato-ovati, ad x-25 mm. longi, ad 1-5 mm.

403

lati. Fetala rubra, glabra, obovato-spathulata, ad 6 mm. longa,
2*5 mm. lata. Stamina 5, glabra, filamentis circiter ad 2*5 mm.
longis; antherae oblongae, ad 2-5 mm. longae, 1 mm. latae.
Staminodia glabra, lammis inter se liberis sed cum petalis plus
minusve cobaerentibus, filamentis 2*5 mm. longis; lamina clavato-
spathulata, foliacea, camosa, 1*5-2 mm. longa, 0-5 mm. lata, apice
anthera rudimentaria coronata. Ovarium subsessile, ellipsoideum,
ad 4*5 mm. longmn, vix 1 mm. diametro, dense villosum; stylus
glaber, brevissimus, haud 1 mm. longus. Legumen planum,
crassum, 14 cm. longum, 6 cm. latum, glabrum, nigrum.

British Guiana. Ite Creek, Kuruabaru River, Demerara
River, Sept. 1919, Hohe?ikerk in Forestry Department record no. 823
(type) : “ tree, 60 ft. high, on white sand on the edge of ‘ Muri ’
bush ; flowers cherry to brick-red, with orange calyx.” Ridge
between Ewaropa and Mauri Creeks, Demerara River, Nov. 1919,
Holienkerk in F.D. no. 823A : " on white sand, in ‘ Muri * bush ;
flowers cherry to brick-red, with orange calyx.”

The description of D. polyandra was based on material collected
from a single tree. The species owed its name to a very remarkable
character which distinguished it from all other members of the genus,
the presence of a second whorl of fertile stamens in addition to the
normal whorls of stamens and staminodes. Thus M. Benoist
described the androecium as composed of 5 staminodes and 10
fertile stamens. The British Guiana material cited above had been
provisionally identified as a new species, when it was discovered that
it agreed well with the description of D. polyandra except for its
androecium, which was normal. One of the type sheets of D.
polyandra was accordingly borrowed from the Paris Herbarium,
and this was found to agree well with the British Guiana sheets in
most important respects, from foliage to the small details of floral
dissection, except for its abnormal androecium. Two flowers of
Benoist 138 were dissected, and in each instance the calyx and
corolla were pentamerous, whereas the androecium whorls were
tetramerous. Thus there were 4 staminodes and 2 whorls of 4
fertile stamens, the outer whorl being the shorter. On present
evidence, the best course is to describe the British Guiana material
as a distinct species ; on the other hand, it seems quite possible that
M. Benoist’s tree bore unusual, abnormal, flowers with an additional
whorl of fertile stamens, but it is to be hoped that further collections
in French Guiana will throw light on the matter. It may be
added that, under the International Rules of Nomenclature, should
D. polyandra prove to represent a teratologies! state and to be
indistinguishable as a species from the British Guiana tree, that
name must be rejected in favour of D. Hohenkerkii .

5. Dimorphandra macrostachya Benth. in Hook. Joum. Bot. ii
lox {1840), non Ducke in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro, iv. 39, 40,
42(1925).

404

Ramuli summi crassi, minute ferrugineo-pubescentes. Folia
usque 24 cm. longa ; petiolus 1-2-2-2 cm. longus, velut intemodia
rhacheos pinnaeque minute ferrugineo-pubescens; intemodia
rhacheos 0-8-2 cm. longa; pinnae 6-12-jugae, 7-12 cm. longae,
petiolis ad 5 mm. longis, intemodiis rhacheos 4-5 mm. longis;
foliola sessilia, ut videtur 17-25-juga, oblonga, apice rotundata
saepius subtruncata, basi obliqua truncata rhachi adpressa, 0-5
(summa vel ima)-i-5 cm. longa, 2-5-4 mm - l a ta, coriacea,
supra nitida marginibus nonnunquam pilosulis exceptis glabra
costa impressa excepta evenia, subtus opaca secus margines
costamque pilosula (costa nonnunquam glabra) ceterum glabra
costa prominente ceterum evenia vel nervis lateralibus
inconspicue elevatis. Inflorescentiae racemosae, apice ramulorum
2-6, dense minute ferrugineo-pubescentes vel subtomentellae;
pedunculus ad 3 cm. longus, 4-6 mm. diametro; pars florifera
usque 25 cm. longa, 1-5-2 cm. diametro; pedicelli 2-3 mm. longi.
Calyx campanulatus, lobis inclusis ad 3-5 mm. longus, 4 mm. latus,
extra sparse feirugineo-pubescens, intus tubo feirugineo-pubescente
lobis fere glabris; lobi rotundato-ovati, 0-75-1-25 mm. longi,
ad 1-75 mm. lati, ciliati. Petala glabra, obovata, ad 5-7 mm. longa,
3 mm. lata. Stamina 5, glabra, filamentis 4-4-5 mm. longis;
antherae oblongae, 2 mm. longae, vix 1 mm. latae. Staminodia
filamentis in flore maturo tenuibus glabris ad 4-5 mm. longis;
laminae delapsae, non visae. Ovarium sessile, ellipsoideum, stylo
incluso ad 5 mm. longum, 1-5 mm. diametro, dense villosum;
stylus glaber, brevis, vix 1 mm. longus; ovula 9. Fructus jam
vaide immaturas dense minute ferrugineo-tomentellus, pilis longis
sparsis praesertim secus margines hie illic interspersis, stipite
circiter ad 1 cm. longo.

British Guiana. Sandstone district of Roraima, Robert
Schomburgk 1045 (type). Roraima district, fl. Nov., Dec., Schom-
burgk 635 (962B); Richard Schomburgk refers to this species in
his Travels as one of the chief floral constituents of the slopes of
Roraima, where it grows to a height of 5000 ft. on the edges of forest.
Arapoo Valley, Roraima, Dec. 1884, im Thurn Set A no. 39.

D. macrostachya Benth. of Ducke in Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de
Janeiro, iv. 39, 40, 42 (1925) is represented at Kew by Ducke 20203,
and is a totally different plant. Ducke was presumably misled by
Bentham’s original description, which describes the inflorescence as
spicate, although mention is made of the very distinct pedicels.
Ducke’s plant differs from Bentham’s, inter alia, in the thinner
inflorescence with sessile flowers, the much smaller petals (only
3 mm. long), and the persistent lamina of the staminodes. D.
macrostachya Ducke is, in fact, very closely allied to D. congestiflora
Sprague et Sandwith described above both in foliage and floral
characters, and examination of further material may prove it to be
conspecific. It is apparently distinguished chiefly by the
glabrescence of the lower surface of the leaflets.

405

6. Dimorphandra conjugata ( Splitg .) Sandwith, comb. nov.—
Mora conjugata Splitg. in Hoev. et De Vriese, Tijdschr. ix. 109
(1842). Dimorphandra latifolia Tul. in Arch. Mus. Par. iv. 189
(1844) ; Walp. Rep. v. 575 (1845-6); Benth. et Hook. fil. Gen.
Plant, i. 587-8 (1865); Pulle, Enum. PI. Surinam, 209 (1906) ;
Ducke, l.c. 44.

Arbor parva, in locis arenosis crescens. Folia petiolo 3-10 cm.
longo, rhachi, pinnis, omnibus stellato-pubescentibus; pinnae
1-2-jugae, petiolo 2-6 cm. longo, intemodiis rhacheos 4-10 (vel
ultra) cm. longis; foliola i-3-juga, apice truncata vel rotundata
vel brevissime cuspidata, basi cuneata vel obtusa vel rotundata et
levissime cordata, 5-24 cm. longa, 4-2-15 cm. lata, supra glabra nitida,
subtus sparse regulariter stellato-pubescentia, utrinque praesertim
subtus perlaxe reticulata, nervis primariis lateralibus 8-n.
Inflorescentiac spicatae in paniculis densis dispositae, ubique ferru-
gineo-pubescentes vel subtomentosae; spicae 4-10 cm. longae,
circiter 1 cm. diametro, floiibus sessilibus. Calyx cylindricus,
3*25 mm. longus, vix 2*5 mm. latus, extra ferrugineo-pubescens.
Petala inclusa, satis anguste spathulata, 3 mm. longa, ad 1 mm. lata,
extra sparse pilosa intus praesertim supeme marginibusque
flavescenti-villosa. Stamina 5, glabra, filamentis 3-5 mm. longis;
antherae oblongae, 1*75 mm. longae, o-8 mm. latae. Staminodia
libera, glabra, filamentis 4 mm. longis ; lamina obovato-elliptica, in
filamentum abrupte transiens, camosa, 1*5 mm. longa, 0-75 mm.
lata, apice ananthera. Ovarium sessile, stylo incluso 4-5 mm. longum,
vix 1*5 mm. diametro, dense villosum ; stylus glaber, vix 1*5 mm.
longus ; ovula circiter 8. Fntchts desideratur.

British Guiana. In sandy places by the railway near Rock-
stone, June 1910, Stockdale in Bot. Gard. Herb. 8778 : tree, 7-8 ft.
high, with white flowers. Dry sandhills east of Rockstone, July
1921, Gleason 748 : spreading tree, 40 ft. high. Demerara River,
May 1887, Jenman 3932.

Surinam. Without locality, Splitgerber, Hostmann 1007.
Splitgerber (l.c.) notes that Mora conjugata grew " plentifully in
sandy places near Joode Savanne, with Licania crassifolia Benth.”

Vernacular name (Arawak), “ Dakama ” ( fide Jenman and
Davis).

LIV.—OITIGICA (LICANIA RIGIDA).

J. H. Holland.

For some years past kernels under the name of " Oiticica ” have
been coming on to the markets of London and Liverpool, mostly in
sample quantities, but occasionally in consignments of several
tons imported from Brazil. For want of material it was never
possible to name the tree with any certainty. Requests for
herbarium specimens to importing firms who had submitted samples
for identification always met with a courteous response, but usually
resulted in failure to obtain proper specimens, or the sending of other

406

trees bearing the same or a similar common name. At the outset
the oilseed in question was believed at Kew, and by various authors,
to be a species of Couepia (Rosaceae), and C. grandtflora Benth. was
suggested. The botanical source has also been attributed provision¬
ally to Pleragina umbrosissima Arruda (Rosaceae), Moquilea tomen¬
tosa Benth (Rosaceae), and Licania rigida Benth. (Rosaceae).
Pleragina in the Index Kewensis has been treated as a synonym of
Couepia, whether correctly or not it is impossible to say, but the
names quoted referred without doubt to kernels which to all outward
appearances belonged to the same species.

Fruits of two distinct species sent in response to a circular letter
for Oiticica issued by the Foreign Office on behalf of Kew proved to
be (i) Moquilea tomentosa Benth. and (2) probably Clarisia racemosa
Ruiz et Pav. (Urticaceae), both large trees of Brazil. The Brazilian
name of the first is “ Oytycera ” and the fruit is called “ Oyty ” or
“ Oity.” The latter tree is called “ Oiti manso ” and has an edible
fruit called “ Oiticuro.” The kernels of Moquilea tomentosa do not
contain oil and those of Clarisia racemosa, on a sample of the fruits
received from Bahia submitted by the Director to the Imperial
Institute for analysis, were found to yield only 1*7 per cent, of oil, in
comparison with about 60 per cent, found in the true “ Oiticica ”
kernels. Accordingly neither is held to be of commercial value as a
source of oil.

Usually the name " Oiticica ” has been that under which the
seeds in question have been sent to Kew for identification, but
samples have also been received at the Museum (in 1915) as
“ Brazilian ” or “ Hazel Nuts.” The Ceara name is sometimes
given in publications as “ Oticia.”

The specimens recently received from Ceara through the kind
offices of H. M. Consul-General at Pernambuco have been found
ample to admit of determining the tree as Licania rigida Benth.
They agree with the type specimens in the herbarium, described
under this name by Bentham in 1840 (see Hooker’s Journal of
Botany, ii. 220 : 1840), and collected by Gardner (No. 1592) in
Ceara, whence the present material was also obtained. Bentham
apparently did not see the fruits, since he does not describe them.

The tree is reported to grow to a height of 15 metres, native of
the States of Rio Grande do Norte, Ceara and Piauhy in north-east
Brazil, flowering towards September, and fruiting from December to
March. The fruits, in shape mostly ovoid to ellipsoid, are single-
seeded, with comparatively thin shells about 45 mm. long,
15 to 20 mm. in diameter at the middle, and reddish brown or some¬
what green in colour. A kilogram contains approximately 240
fruits, of which about 70 per cent, is seed—which is easily separated
—and 30 per cent. hull. The kernels have been found on various
analyses (see the works referred to below) to contain from 60 to 65
per cent., or an average of 63 per cent, of oil. The habit of the tree
as illustrated (1) resembles that of the Mango.

407

The industrial value of the oil has been thoroughly investigated,
but the production at the present time appears to be of importance
only in the States above mentioned, where the tree is indigenous
and abundant. According to Dr. Henrique Paulo da Cunha
Bahiana (i) the factory preparation of the oil was taken up in 1876
at Fortaleza (Ceara) but was discontinued after a short time on
account of the disagreeable odour. During the Great War (1914-
1918) the extraction was again started by a Company in Rio Grande
do Norte; again in 1927 the firm of H. H. Sardinha at Rio de Janeiro,
and later (1929) the firm of C. N. Pamplona & Co. in Fortaleza
commenced the extraction of Oiticica oil on a large scale.

The native method of preparing the oil is simple. The seeds are
taken out of the shells, crushed in a mortar and boiled in a pot of
water for some hours. The top oily layer is then skimmed off and
purified by treatment for some time with clean water This oil is
used locally for rheumatism and other medicinal purposes.

On a commercial scale the extraction of the oil in Rio de Janeiro
and Fortaleza is described (1) and the following facts have been
abstracted from this account.

In the factory of J. A. Sardinha the seeds (or kernels) are con¬
veyed by means of elevators to rotating sieves in order to separate
impurities, and from these to roller presses where the seeds are
broken but not crushed. They are then heated in a heater to about
70°C., crushed, and the oil is finally refined and rendered odourless.

The yield of oil is from 35 per cent, to 40 per cent, of the kernels.
With this equipment it is possible to produce about 500 kg. of oil
daily, though the actual production may be less. The price is lower
than that of Linseed oil. The Sardinha factory aims at treatment
that will considerably or completely remove the unpleasant odour of
the oil. Experiments are in progress to make the oil permanently
liquid.

The Myrian Factory in Fortaleza (Ceara) was established in 1928
by Carlito N. Pamplona and Franklin Monteiro Gondim. As
Oiticica seeds were not available in sufficient quantity when the
factory was erected (April 1929), castor oil was produced during the
latter part of that year. Oiticica oil was first produced in January
1930, nuts having begun to come in from the new harvest in
December 1929.

The procedure is the same as in Sardinha’s factory, but the
capacity of the machines is greater. The oil is despatched in tin
plate receptacles of 15 kg. or more, often in iron drums. The
factory is concerned entirely with the production of oil at present,
but the production of paints and varnish has been under considera¬
tion. The entire production is exported from the ports of Sao Paulo
and Rio de Janeiro. The new industry in Ceara is being assisted by
the State in that it is to be exempt from taxes and duties for the first
ten years. Felling of Oiticica trees has been prohibited and they are
included in the State estimates of trees.

408

The kernels have been examined by Bolton and Revis (2), and at
the Imperial Institute in 1929 (4). The former analysis was made
according to the authors in the early part of 1917, when they stated
that the oilseed had been sent apparently for the first time from
Brazil, bearing the native name “ Oiticica ” or “ Oilizika.”

The description given by them mentions the characteristic odour,
which, as above stated, was sufficiently powerful to stop the extrac¬
tion on a large scale in Ceara. “ They have a peculiar and very
distinctive smell, which might be described as a heavy and over¬
powering odour, rather recalling the smell of tung oil, a very
interesting property, seeing that the oil, as subsequently described,
bears a distinct resemblance to tung oil.”

The outstanding features of the oil were given as follows :—
“ Melting-point.—As the oil consists of a mixture of oils varying
from liquids to hard solids no definite figures can be given to
represent the melting-point of the oil, and the points of incipient
and complete fusion must both be considered—incipient fusion,
2i*5°C., complete fusion 65*09°C. Iodine Value, 179-5 ; Saponi¬
fication Value, 188-6; Free Fatty Acids as oleic, 5-7 per cent.;
Unsaponifiable matter, 0-91 per cent.; Sp. Gr. at i5-5/i5*5°C.,
0-9694; Refractive Index at 40X. Zeiss, beyond the scale of the
Zeiss butyro-refractometer. J ’

A series of chemical experiments is recorded by these authors,
who state that “ all tended to show that this oil has very remarkable
properties, which place it in a distinctly unique position and there
seems every reason to suppose that the oil is worthy of the attention
of the varnish-maker and possibly also of those interested in the
manufacture of linoleum, but for these purposes it will be necessary
to obtain the oil on a commercial scale.”

The above analysis is recorded (4) with others made at the Imperial
Institute. One of these analyses of the oil, extracted from imported
kernels, showed the constants to be Specific Gravity at i5/i5°C.=
0-9673 ; Refractive Index at 40X., 1-507 ; Acid value 5-6 ; Saponi¬
fication Value i86-x; Iodine Value (Wijs, 3 hrs.) per cent. 144-8;
Unsaponifiable matter per cent. 0-9 ; and Solidifying point of fatty
acids 45*4°C. In general the examination showed that " the kernels
examined contained a normal percentage of oil of the usual appear¬
ance. ... A comparison of the figures with those recorded by
Bolton and Revis shows that the solidifying point of the fatty acids
of the oils examined at the Imperial Institute was from 2 to 4-6
degrees above that previously recorded whilst the Iodine Value of
the oils is about 35-40 per cent, below the recorded figure.” The
oil in this analysis was also found to resemble Tung oil.

Similar characteristics of the oil are recorded (7) in a recent paper
by Dr. Jordan, who summarises the results of investigations, which
have been made as follows:—” From the tabulated records it will
be seen that the physical as well as the chemical properties of the oil
samples vary widely. This variation is undoubtedly due to the high

409

acidity and rapid oxygen absorption to which reference has already
been made—for example ... a drop of 15 points in iodine value
between cold pressed and hot pressed oil from the same seed is quite
outstanding. There is also no doubt about the fact that the varia¬
tions reported as to the capacity of the oil to gelate are really due to
variations in acidity, which in some samples must have been sufficient
practically to inhibit gelation altogether.

Making allowances for these variations it is concluded that
oiticica oil is characteristic in respect of :

(a) smell, which is very persistent;

(b) density, which is higher than that of tung oil;

(d) melting point range, which shows a great difference between

incipient and complete fusion ;

(e) heat polymerisation and gelation, rather slower than tung oil;

(/) high oxygen absorption, relative to linseed oil."

Other analyses could be given—Van Loon and Steger (Delft,
Holland), Grimme (German), Gardner (United States), etc.—but
that first recorded (1918) and the most recent (1929) of imported
kernels will perhaps be sufficient to give an idea of the general
characters of the oil.

Whether it will ever prove an effective substitute for Tung oil
(Aleurites Fordii) seems open to question. There are no export
figures available either of kernels or of oil from the country of origin
to show that the trade has become of any commercial importance
outside Brazil.*

There is no information available on the rate of development of
Licania ngida under cultivation, but when mature it is said to yield
fruits abundantly and it would no doubt prove to be a good shade
tree in parks or avenues.

From the experience at Kew the germination of the seeds seems
to be very uncertain. Out of 60 sown on April 25th only one showed
signs of germination on July 6th, or about three months from the
time of sowing. They were selected from the fruits received from
Ceara with the herbarium material mentioned above and all appeared
to be comparatively fresh when sown. Some seeds (kernels -of the
trade) were sent to Kew for identification in March 1924 by Messrs.
Kleinwort, Sons & Co., of Liverpool, and of two seeds selected for
growing at the propagating pits one germinated in less than a month

•In a paper on "Le Commerce des grames ol6agineuses au Br6sil...
L'Oitxcica...” in Bulletin des Matiferes grasses de l'institut Colonial de Mar¬
seille, no, 2, 63 (1931), it is stated that the export of this oil dated only
from that year; it had been, up to May, approximately 25,500 kg. m all.

In a monograph on Tung Oil, by C. Concannon (U.S. Dept, of Commerce),
Trade Prom. Ser. No. 133, 59 (1932), it is estimated that “only small
quantities have been shipped to foreign countries, but the development
of an export trade in Oiticica Oil is hoped for, and trial shipments have
recently been made to Germany, England, Belgium and the United States.”

410

after sowing. On the other hand the seeds of Moquilea tomentosa
germinate readily. In a small consignment of fruits received from
the British Consul at Para in 1929, the seeds germinated freely and
there are now several well-established plants about 3 ft. high.

Literature.

(1) " O Oleo de Oiticica e as vantagens de sua industria no
Brasil.” Dr. Henrique Paulo da Cunha Bahiana in Boletim
do Ministeres da Agricultura, Industria e Commercio, Rio
de Janeiro, Sept. 1930, 443-460. (Under the name of
“ Licania rigida ”.)

(2) “ Oiticica Oil—a New Drying Oil,” E. Richards Bolton and
Cecil Revis in “ The Analyst,” July 1918, 251-253. Reprint
in American Journal of Pharmacy, October 1918, 727-730.

(3) *' Oticia or Oiticica Oil.” Bull. Imp. Inst. 1923, 641.

(4) “ Oiticica Nuts {Licania rigida)” Bull. Imp. Inst. 1929, 279.

(5) " Oticia Oil: A possible Adjunct to Tung Oil.” Henry
A. Gardner, Circular 177, Educational Bureau, Paint Manu¬
facturers Association U.S.A. 1923.

(6) " Das Oiticica-Ol und die Oiticica-Olindustrie in Brasilien.”
Der Tropenpflanzer, Berlin, May 1931, 206-210.

(7) “ Oiticica Oil,” Dr. Jordan in Technical Paper of the
Research Association of British Paint, Colour and Varnish
Manufacturers, No. 34, 155-158 (1932).

LV.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Hooker’s leones Plantarum.* —Part iii. of vol. ii. of the
Fifth Series, which has now appeared, includes descriptions and
plates of sixteen new or recently described species of special interest,
four of them belonging to genera not previously or adequately
figured. The remaining nine plates illustrate little-known species or
varieties.

Delphinium {Consolida) acutilobum Turrill (t. 3151) is a native of
northern Persia, discovered by Mr. Gilliat-Smith in 1927. D.
macedonicum Halacsy et Charrel (t. 3152) is a very beautiful species
of larkspur inhabiting Thrace, Anatolia and Armenia. Its rather
complicated history and synonymy have now been elucidated.
Tamarix Hampeana var. aegaea Turrill (t. 3153) is a new variety,
from W. Thrace. It is remarkable for the long acuminate bracts
and might have been treated as a distinct species but for the exis¬
tence of specimens intermediate in character. Genista tinctoria var.
virgata Koch (t. 3154), which is distributed in Central and South-
Eastern Europe, differs from G. tinctoria , as represented in Western

♦Hooker’s leones Plantarum; or, figures, with descriptive characters and
remarks, of new and rare plants, selected from the Kew Herbarium. Fifth
Series. Edited for the Bentham Trustees by Sir A. W. Hill, K.C.M.G., Sc.D.,
F.R.S., Director, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Vol. ii. part iii. (London,
Dulau & Co., 1932). Price 10s.

Europe, by its tall erect habit (up to 2 m. high) and numerous slender
twigs, as well as by its persistent stipules. Cotyledon lassithiensis
Hayek (t. 3155) is a native of Crete and Thrace, described by the late
Dr. Hayek in 1925. It differs from C. pendulinus Batt. chiefly in
its coarsely serrate bracts. Onopordon tauricum Willd. (t. 3156) is a
handsome thistle figured from material grown at Kew from Bulgarian
seed. It has a wide distribution in South-Eastern Europe and N.
Asia Minor, but its occurrence in the western Mediterranean as a
native plant is doubtful. Sideritis scardica Griseb. (t. 3157) is
collected in considerable quantity in Bulgarian Macedonia, and is
used for making an infusion which is drunk as “ tea/’

Neocheiropteris Waltoni Ching (t. 3158) is a second species of a
genus of Polypodiaceae hitherto supposed to be monotypic. It is a
native of Tibet, and differs from the Yunnanese N. palmatopedata
(Baker) Christ chiefly in its hastately trilobed fronds. Sloanea
elegans Chun (t. 3159) and Acer sycopseoides Chun (t. 3160) are new
species from South China. The latter is remarkable, in the genus
Acer, for its undivided or slightly trilobed leaves. Pterostyrax
Leveillei (Fedde) Chun (t. 3161) is clearly allied to P. hispidus Sieb. et
Zucc., from which it may be distinguished by the tricuspidate leaves
and floral characters. Gentiana setuhfolia Marquand (t. 3162),
from S.E. Tibet, is unique in the genus in having ciliate leaves and
calyx-lobes. Kingdon-Wardia is a recently described monotypic
genus, intermediate between Gentiana and Swertia. K. codonopsi -
doides Marquand (t. 3163) has been found only in S.E. Tibet.
Buddleja gynandra Marquand (t. 3164), which is a native of Tonkin,
differs from all previously known species of Buddleja in the position
of the stamens, which are semi-epigynous instead of being attached
to the corolla-tube. Leycesteria crocothyrsos Airy-Shaw (t. 3165),
from Assam, is a beautiful new species with foliaceous stipules and
orange flowers. L. gracilis (Kurz) Airy-Shaw (t. 3166) has a wide
distribution in Sikkim, Bhutan, and Yunnan. It was long known
erroneously under the name L. glaucophylla (Hook. f. et Thoms.)
Hook. f. That species is now assigned to subgen. Euleycesteria
Sect. Pentapyxis , whereas L. gracilis is the type of a new subgenus,
Paralestera , distinguished by the 8-locular glabrous ovary and very
small subulate bracts. Taraktogenos calophylla Ridley (t. 3x67) is a
new species from Sarawak.

Paraphyadanthe suffruticosa Milne-Redhead (t. 3168), a new
species from Northern Rhodesia, is an undershrub, well adapted to
withstand savannah conditions and especially the annual grass fires
which sweep the country at the end of the dry season. Paraphya¬
danthe belongs to the Flacourtiaceae-Oncobeae. Dalbergiella nyasae
E. G. Baker (t. 3169), a tree originally described from Nyasaland, is
by no means uncommon in Northern Rhodesia, though it was not
collected there before 1929. The fruits possess a remarkable fringe
of plumose hairs along the dorsal suture. The genus, which was
described for the first time in 1928, belongs to the Leguminosae-

412

Dalbergieae. Canthum Gneinzii Sond. (t. 3170) has a wide distribu¬
tion from Uganda and Kenya Colony in the north to the Transvaal,
Natal and Zululand in the south. It is readily distinguished from
all other species of Canthiwm by the reddish tomentum of the young
branchlets and by the lateral nerves being impressed in the glabrous
upper surfaces of the mature leaves. Perhaps the most remarkable
plant in the Part is Rhopalota aphylla N. E. Brown (t. 3171), a diminu¬
tive aquatic member of the Crassulaceae, which has been segregated
generically from Crassula chiefly on account of its leafless stems and
truncate-convex uniovulate carpels. The flowers are sunk in the
upper surface of the club-shaped segments of the stem, so that the
limits of calyx and stem-segments are difficult to distinguish.

Barnhartia flonbunda Gleason (t. 3172), from British Guiana and
the Amazons, was described in 1926 as a new genus and species
related to the Styracaceae. It is shown that both Barnhartia and
the related genus Diclidanthera (on which a new family, Diclidan-
theraceae, was based in 1924) should be referred to the Polygalaceae.
The Part ends with three species of Strychnos from British Guiana.
5 . (§ Longiflorae) diaboli Sandwith (t. 3173) is a new species known by
the Arawak Indians of British Guiana as " Black Devil-Doer ” on
account of its poisonous properties. S. (j \Intermediae ) Melinoniana
Baill. (t. 3174) is known, for a similar reason, by the vernacular name
“ White Devil-Doer/’ S. (§ Longiflorae) tomentosa Benth. (t. 3175)
is related to S. toxifera Rob. Schomb., from which it differs in the
indumentum of the branchlets and leaves and the shape of the
calyx segments.

Principles of Soil Microbiology.* The investigation of the
activities of micro-organisms occurring in the soil is to-day one of
the most important and far-reaching problems of agricultural science.
Since the publication of the first edition of Waksman's Principles of
Soil Microbiology (see K.B. 1927, 424) there has appeared a con¬
siderable volume of new literature on the subject. In this second
edition the author has incorporated much additional recent
information. Certain chapters, as for instance that on mycorrhiza,
have been entirely rewritten, and some new chapters have been
added dealing with the decomposition of organic matter in natural
and artificial manures, with the transformation of organic matter in
peat and forest soils, and with the relation between plant growth
and the activities of soil micro-organisms. To counterbalance the
increase in size of the work which would have resulted, there has
been some condensation by the omission of not strictly relevant
matter and by the combination of certain chapters. The resulting
volume actually has three pages less than the first edition, and 15

♦Principles of Soil Microbiology, by Selman A. Waksman. Second
Edition. Bailli&re, Tindall & Cox, 8, Henrietta Street, Covent Garden,
London, W.C.2, 1931, pp. xxviii -f- 894, 15 plates, 83 figures in text, price
52s. 6d.

413

instead of 19 plates. Allowing for a few more text-figures and an
additional number of words, it is still difficult to see why it was
necessary to raise the price from 45/- to 52/6. The work is of the
first importance, not only to investigators in soil science, but also to
advanced students of general biology. It is unfortunate therefore
that its price could not have been brought more within the means of
the average research worker.

E.M.W.

The Curious Gardener.* —Mr. Jason Hill has rendered a con¬
spicuous service to Horticulture in this book, since he reminds us of
many interesting and valuable old garden plants, which are tending
to vanish or have vanished from our gardens owing to the desire for
new forms.

Many of the old-fashioned flowers charmed us by their scent or
some other pleasant qualities, such as beauty of form, now often
ousted by doubling and so on. The author reminds us of the old-
fashioned roses, now so largely neglected, which it is hoped will again
receive attention thanks to his welcome volume. If Mr. Hill would
look through the early numbers of the Botanical Magazine and try
to reintroduce the numerous plants of interest now lost to cultivation
he would perform a signal service to horticulture and good gardening.

His chapter “ The Invisible Garden ” is one to be commended,
since he dilates there on those plants which yield their fragrance to
us either from their leaves or flowers. How much pleasure can be
derived from scented plants is not fully appreciated by those whose
main delight is to cultivate plants only for the size or brilliance of
their flowers.

A number of plants are mentioned all of which are worthy of a
place in any garden, and which could well be grown apart in a
separate plot.

The book is illustrated with some interesting drawings by John
Nash, and in all the chapters there are references to plants well
worthy of attention by the “Curious” amateur gardener, who
should take the interest of a connoisseur in his garden.

Insects and Diseases of Ornamental Trees and Shrubs, f—
Although primarily a book for the guidance of those interested in
American Arboriculture, this important work is also applicable to
this and other European countries, for many of the fungus diseases

♦By Jason Hill, London, Faber Sc Faber, Ltd., 24, Russell Square,
pp. 173, ill 7. Price 7s. 6d.

fBy Ephraim Porter Felt, Director and Chief Entomologist, Bartlett Tree
Research Laboratories; and W. Howard Rankin, Associate in Research in
Plant Pathology, New York State Agricultural Experiment Station, Cornell
'University. Published by the Macmillan Company, New York and London,
1932, pp. xix 4- 507, 243 text figures. Price 25s. net. Obtainable in this
country from Messrs. Macmillan & Co., Ltd., London.

414

and insect pests considered are troublesome alike to North American
and European cultivators, whilst similar means of control are
necessary wherever they are found. The book, which is divided
into two parts, commences with a general description of insects,
their life history, and depredations. This covers pp. 3-38 and
includes notes on the anatomy of insects, the transformation stages
of various kinds, food preferences, methods of attack, natural checks
to injurious insects, climatic effects on insects, the more important
groups injurious to shade trees, and other subjects. Lists are then
given of borers and wood-gnawers, leaf-feeders, sucking and other
insects.

Chapter 2 deals in like manner with fungi and extends from
p. 39 to p. 99. General remarks on fungi are followed by sections
on their methods of causing disease, descriptions of specific types of
disease, and the treatment of wounds and cavities. The next eleven
pages deal with the composition and methods of use of a considerable
number of insecticides and fungicides, and a chapter follows on
injuries other than those caused by organisms.

Of particular interest to persons residing in or about industrial
towns are the pages on gas and smoke injuries. Lists are given of
some of the most easily affected and of some of the most resistant
trees. From the former list the horse chestnut is missing. That
tree is one of the first deciduous trees to suffer from impure atmos¬
pheric conditions in this country. The ash heads the list of resistant
trees, a decision that is corroborated by experience in the British
Isles. This concludes Part I of the book.

Part II is devoted to an alphabetical arrangement of trees and
shrubs with accounts of the associated insects and fungi. In this
the various groups of trees and shrubs are taken in alphabetical
sequence under their common names. The various pests and
diseases peculiar to each genus are dealt with at varying lengths
according to their bearing upon the health of their hosts, one that
occasions little harm being dismissed in a few lines whereas one or
more pages may be devoted to those that are of greater virulence and
endanger health and life. In the latter cases methods of control are
described. The book is concluded by a good index. w. d.

A Handbook of Empire Timbers.* —In the preface we are
informed that the object of this book is to direct the attention of
architects, engineers, builders, the designers and makers of furniture,
and other people interested in the use of timber, to a number of the
more important woods of the British Empire, and ways are indicated
whereby they may be used instead of those of foreign origin. The
Imperial Institute, the Forest Products Research Laboratory at
Princes Risborough, the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and the

*A Handbook of Empire Timbers. Issued by the Empire Marketing
Board, 2, Queen Anne’s Gate Buildings, London, S.W.l, pp. 102.
Particulars from the Secretary.

415

Empire Marketing Board have collaborated in the production of the
book and the Empire Marketing Board has undertaken the important
work of publication.

The timbers described are limited to sixty, and include only those
of proved worth of which a regular supply can be maintained.
They are geographically arranged, and under the general heading of
the trade name each timber is described under several subheads.
The first paragraph in each description deals with the scientific
name of the tree, its average size and general distribution. Then
are given descriptions of the physical properties of the timber,
mechanical properties, seasoning, durability, working and finishing
qualities, sizes as generally available, and its principal uses, in fact,
all the particulars that are required by a person who is asked to use a
particular wood of which he has no previous knowledge.

The various woods described have been well tested, and lists of
their special uses are given on pp. 94-96. Specimens of all of them
are to be seen in the museums in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.
The use of the book is facilitated by a good index of scientific and
common names, and it should be included in the library of every
person interested in the marketing and use of timber. w. D.

The Birds of Tropical West Africa.* —The first volume of
this valuable work, including an introductory essay on the relation¬
ship of the vegetation belts to the distribution of bird life in tropical
Africa, was reviewed in Kew Bull . 1930, 334. The second volume,
which appeared late in 1931, continues the systematic description of
genera and species and includes the Orders Ralliformes (Rails and
Finfoots), Gruiformes (Cranes, Bustards, Stone Curlews, and Lily
Trotters), Charadriiformes (Waders), Columbiformes (Sandgrouse,
Button-Quails, Pigeons and Doves), and Psittaciformes (Parrots).

Under each species or variety are paragraphs dealing with its
synonymy, technical description, field identification, range and local
distribution, and habits, the last section being attractively written
and containing many facts of interest to the general reader. No
support is given to the popular belief that the Egyptian Plover or
Crocodile Bird enters the mouth of the Crocodile in order to pick its
teeth. The coloured illustrations of the commoner birds are
particularly good. The volume also contains a useful map of the
Gold Coast on which the railways, roads of various classes, and
principal paths are clearly marked.

*By D. A. Bannerman. The Crown Agents for the Colonies, 4, Millbank,
Westminster, 1931, pp. xxx+ 428, full page plates 15, coloured map, text
figs. 114. Price 22s. 6d.

Printed under the authority of His Majesty’s Stationery Offic
By The South Essex Recorders, Ltd., High Road, Ilford

(544) Wt 71(28 926 10(82 SJB.R. Ltd Gp. 9.

416

BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS*

INFORMATION

No. 9

1932

ROYAL

BOTANIC

GARDENS,

KEW

LVI.—THE

GRASSLAND

VEGETATION OF

THE

CAMEROONS MOUNTAIN. T. D. Maitland.

Introduction.

The following remarks on the grass flora of the Cameroons
Mountain have been drawn up from observations by the writer
during several botanical trips along its eastern slopes, and from a
fairly comprehensive collection of its grasses.

The region is of considerable interest botanically, as many of its
species are endemic, and there is still much to be known regarding it.

It is hoped that these notes will add to our knowledge of the area
and provide a comparison with the other mountain regions in the
African Tropics and with those in other Continents.

The Mountain lies on the edge of the Bay of Biafra in the Gulf
of Guinea on the west coast of Africa, between 3°57 ~4°27 / N. and
8°58 , -9°24 / E. It is a huge, volcanic mass, its lower peak rising
abruptly from the sea to 13,336 ft. (4100 m.) in its main peak, which is
about 14 miles away. It is roughly oblong in shape, and extends
inland to about 28 miles, forming a land mass of about 600 sq. miles.
It is considered to be of the same basaltic origin as Fernando Po,
Prince’s Is., St. Thomas Is., and Ascension in the Atlantic.

It will be observed from its position that it lies within the tropical
rain-belt, and some local records compare with those of Assam,
which holds the world’s record for rainfall. There are records for
Debuncha, a plantation at sea-level, showing as much as 316*64 in.
for one year, and for Buea at 3200 ft. (984 m.), the highest station
on the Mountain, as much as 121*96 ins.

These excessive precipitations do not hold for the whole moun¬
tain area, and, although there are no records for the higher altitudes,
the Buea meteorological records would indicate that above the rain¬
forest belt, mist and drizzle during the rainy period, as opposed to
the torrential downpours of the lower levels, are the rule. In
addition, the porosity of the great lava folds of the upper regions
precludes the accumulation of moisture supplies.

The seasons are very well defined. There is a period of heavy
rains, occurring between the months of June and October, with
July, August and September the excessively wet months ; and a dry
period, extending from November to May, with December, January,
and February very hot. The latter season leaves the mountain
grass-land dry and parched, and causes many of the forest trees to

417

cast and renew their leaves. The periodic dessication, the rarified
air, and the edaphic conditions in the upper reaches all combine to
give rise to a flora with marked xerophytic characters.

ZONATION.

The vegetational zones of the Mountain are also well-defined
and can be classified as follows :—

The Mangrove Zone. This is confined to the southern end of
the Mountain, and to the estuaries of the Rio del Rey and Mungu
rivers. It is a mere fringe, interrupted in parts where the rugged
rocks form the fore-shore.

The Rain-Forest Zone. This succeeds the Mangrove zone and
covers the slopes up to 6500 ft. (2000 m.). It contains a sub-zone
with its higher limit at 3200 ft. (984 m.), where the coastal com¬
ponents of the rain-forest cease.

The Mountain Forest Zone. This immediately follows the
Rain-Forest zone, and is characterized by a formation consisting of
Hypericum lanceolatum Lam., Lasiosiphon glaucus Fres., Rapanea
neurophylla Mez, Lachnopylis Mannii Hutch, et M. B. Moss,
Schefflera Hookeriana Harms, Myrica arborea Hutch., Pittosporum
Mannii Hook, f., etc., with its higher limit at 8500 ft. (2616 m.).

The Mountain Grass-Land Zone, with its higher limit at
11,000 ft. (3384 m.).

The Alpine Desert Zone. This succeeds the grassland at
11,000 ft. (3384 m.) and continues to the summit.

Apart from the extensive community described as a sub-zone
within the rain-forest, no mention is made here of other smaller
communities within the respective zones. These will be remarked
on later where necessary. It may be added that the various zones
indicated are exemplified in the grass flora.

Types of Vegetation.

Mangrove Zone. The maritime grasses are the first encoun¬
tered at low levels. One of the most interesting of these is Paspalum
vaginatum Swartz, which is found in certain places in the Avicennia
nitida Jacq. mangrove association, where it inhabits the salt mud¬
flats, the rocky and sandy fore-shore, and the periodically flooded
tidal level. In the salt water conditions it forms cushion-like domes
with masses of finely developed roots which hold up fine particles of
sand. Over the rocks above the tide it is of a clambering nature,
and on the sandy shore, although it does not extend beyond a very
narrow strip, it exhibits a pasture-like habit. At its landward limits
it is found in the Avicennia association linked up with Stenotaphrum
secundaiim (Walt.) 0 . Kuntze, the St. Augustine grass of America, a
species widely distributed on the sea-shores of West Africa.

Both these grasses, it is interesting to note, exhibit the thick,
fleshy structure characteristic of halophytes and xerophytes, in
contrast to the normal structure of neighbouring grasses which
approach, but do not enter, the salt-marsh area.

418

Platl VI

r/uti Bulletin 1932

Spotobolus tobustus Kunth, clambeimg^over rocky foreshoie.

Sporobolus robustus Kunth and Andropogon tectomm Schum. are
also found in rather unusual conditions on the sea-front, the former
clambering over the rocks, and the latter on the edge of afforested
cliffs almost within the tidal spray. These two grasses, however,
will be discussed later with other species of the genus from the higher
levels.

Rain-Forest Zone. On some parts of the gentle slopes to the
sea-shore P asp alum vaginatum Swartz is joined by a closely allied
species, Paspalum conjugatum Berg., which extends to the higher
limits of the sub-zone at 3200 ft. (984 m.). At this altitude it enters
largely into the composition of the pasture land about the Govern¬
ment station of Buea. It is a vigorous, matted grass, forming
natural pastures wherever the shrubby and arboreal plants are kept
down. It invades old cultivations, open spaces, and, about the
villages where it is grazed by goats and sheep, it forms lawn-like
stretches. In the damper positions at the coast P. conjugatum Berg,
is often mixed with Axonopus cotnpressus Beauv., known as the
" carpet grass,” but the latter may in places be found almost pure.
It is of similar habit and behaves in much the same way as P.
conjugatum Berg., but it is, however, very restricted in its distribu¬
tion, as it does not extend much higher than a few hundred feet.

P. conjugatum Berg, and Axonopus compressus Beauv. are also
found at these low levels in association with Oplismenus hirtellus
Beauv. and 0 . Burmanii Beauv., but mostly about afforested areas
or near shade. The two former being typical forest species, give
place to the latter in the more shady places. The Oplismenus spp.
have, however, been observed to persist for a time in the P. conju¬
gatum Berg, and Axonopus compressus Beauv. communities in open
land which had, until some years previously, been under forest.

It may be worthy of note that the inflorescences of 0 . hirtellus
Beauv. are glandular and viscid, and, in places where it forms thick
patches in open glades and during hot, moist weather, have been
observed to give off the strange smell so peculiar to the “ stink
grass,” Melinis minutiflora Beauv.

Both the species of Oplismenus are widely distributed and extend
some way beyond the sub-zone. At a higher altitude their place is
taken by a hairy form, the variety simplex , and the forma robusta
Stapf of 0 . hirtellus Beauv., all of which are found along forest paths
in glades at about 4500 ft. (1384 m.). The last form has larger
spikes and stronger bristles than the type.

Ruderals are very well represented within the sub-zone and the
well-known “ guinea grass,” Panicum maximum Jacq., is prominent
among them. It behaves here in its normal way, invading old
clearings, cultivations and roadsides, and may be found in pure
stands of strong, luscious growth. Other ruderals occurring are
Digitaria horizontalis Willd., Chloris breviseta Benth., C. pycnothrix
Trim, Eragrostis ovina Hochst., Eleusine indica Gaertn., Sporobolus
Molleri Hack., all of which inhabit gravelly places such as roadsides,

419

Paspalum scrobiculatwn var. Commersonu Stapf, and P. panicidatum
L., both invading old pastures, and Penmsetum polystachyon Schult.,
Arthraxon Quartimanus Nash., and Rottboelha exaltata L., which,
like the “ guinea grass,” invade old dealings and cultivated lands.

The occurrence here of P. paniculatum L. is of interest, being a
species widely known in Mexico, tropical America, and the West
Indies, while its distribution on the west coast of Africa is rather
local. Although a few stragglers have been observed as high as
3200 ft. (984 m.), it finds the conditions about sea-level more favour¬
able, where in parts it is fairly common.

Of the ruderals enumerated only one, or perhaps two, would
appear to be restricted to the higher limits of the sub-zone. These
are Arthraxon Quartmianus Nash, and Rhynchdytrum roseum Stapf
et Hubbard ( Tricholaena rosea Nees), which, so far as observations go,
occur only at about 3200 ft. (984 m.). Here the Arthraxon is a
rambling grass forming pure patches about the sides of roads and in
abandoned garden plots, or mixed with other grasses. During the
height of the dry season it shows a heavy infestation of rust, which
turns the patches brown and destroys the leaves, but not before the
flowers are well advanced. This pomt is remarked on as the grasses
of the Mountain are singularly free from fungal attack.

The Rhyndielytrum is not at all frequent and the gatherings so far
made have been from around boulders in large clearings. The
excessively moist conditions do not seem to favour it. In East
Africa, where it is quite common and where the rainfall and humidity
are very much less, it frequents dry, gravelly slopes, or is a ruderal
in old cultivated areas.

Besides Echinochloa pyramidalis Hitch, et Chase, which has been
observed only at low levels in swamp communities, mention may be
made of Brachiaria mufoca Stapf as one other grass confined to the
sub-zone. It has been gathered on the edge of swamp along with the
former; also on some adjoining elevated land near the sea, and in an
elephant grass community at 3200 ft. (984 m.), occurring in dense
patches some three or more feet deep. Those at the lower level are
glabrous, whilst those of the higher possess hairy joints. It is a
vigorous, spreading grass with tough stems.

With the exception of B. plantaginea Hitch., which was found on
a stock farm, but considered to be an alien, this is the only Brachiaria
so far recorded. This fact is significant, since the genus is repre¬
sented by numerous species over a great part of Central Africa, and
especially the Uganda Plateau.

There are two other grasses of the sub-zone which have so far not
been discussed, the “ elephant grass,” Pennisetum purpureum Schum,
and the ” buffalo grass,” Setaria Candida Stapf; they are not confined
to the sub-zone, occurring as high as 4500 ft. (1384 m.). In the
sub-zone the " elephant grass ” occurs only sporadically along the
mountain streams, about the edge of forests, bordering clearings,
and almost to the sea-level, but at 3200 ft. (984 m.) it covers some

420

fairly extensive areas and evidently finds the conditions at this
altitude very favourable, as it forms strong, dense growth. This
grass having invaded deforested land, these areas are not stable and
some of the older parts are now becoming overgrown by shrubs, such
as species of Maesa, Triumfetta, Millettia, Combretum, Tephrosia, etc.—
a transitionary stage in re-afforestation. This altitude would appear
to be the most favourable for it, for on the great Uganda Plateau it
covers miles of country at 3700 ft. (1140 m.) and extends over the
greater part of the western slopes of the Ruwenzori Mountain up to
5000 ft. (1540 m.).

Within the “ elephant grass ” areas there are found other grass
communities which are of interest, as, for instance, colonies of
Melinis minutiflora x M. tenuissima, Brachiaria mutica Stapf,
Panicum brevifolium L., and Imperata cylindrica var. Thunbergii
Durand et Schinz. Melinis minutiflora Beauv. and M. minutiflora
var. inermis Rendle have been observed at about 4500 ft. (1384 m.),
but the other parent, M. tenuissima Stapf, has not so far been
observed on the mountain by the writer.

Setaria caudula Stapf follows its normal behaviour here, growing
about the edge of forests and in glades associated with herbs
and bushes. At lower levels in some of the banana plantations
which have been planted over deforested land, it is becoming a
serious pest. The genus is further represented by the species S.
Chevalieri Stapf and 5 . barbata Kunth, the former being similar to
S. caudula Stapf, occupying much the same habitats, but having a
spreading, lax inflorescence, with stiff, piercing hairs on the leaf-
sheath. The latter is a rambling grass, rooting at the nodes, and
frequenting damp places and the shade of trees.

There are two grasses which take up roughly a middle position
in the rain-forest zone, both representative of the genus Panicum,
P. calvum Stapf, and Panicum cf. P. sublaetum Stapf. P. brevi¬
folium L. might well be included here too, although its limits
appear to be somewhat narrower. The two former occur from
1000 ft. (308 m.) or 2000 ft. (616 m.) to about 4000 ft. (1232 m.) and
frequent the edges of the forest, clearings and paths. They are
trailing or clambering grasses and occur in pure patches when they
have no neighbours over which to clamber. They form a link with
the Panicum monticolum Hook. f. group, including P. acrotrichum
Hook, f., and P. Hochstetteri Steud., which make their appearance at
high altitudes. Here also is found another interesting forest grass,
Chloachne secunda Stapf, which exhibits much the same characters as
the Panicums.

The foregoing account gives some impression of the grasses of the
rain-forest zone, but it should be noted that most of the species
dealt with occur within the region of human habitation, and it is by
reason of this that they appear as prominently as they do. Their
existence is made easier by man having deforested large areas for
cultivation and habitation, whereby competition with the larger
components of the flora is for the time being restrained.

421

Cultivation by the native ceases about 4500 ft. (1384 m.) and
with it the grasses. Closed forest mostly obtains, and grasses do not
again appear until the limits of the rain-forest are reached at
6500 ft. (2000 m.).

Mountain Forest Zone. The rain-forest, with its fringe of
mountain forest, forms an irregular band along the mountain slopes,
extending from 6500 ft. (2000 m.) to 8500 ft. (2616 m.). In some
places the mountain grassland pierces the mountain forest to the
limits of the rain-forest zone, and here, fringing the forest,
Panicum Hochstetteri Steud. is usually found with P. acrotrichum
Hook. f. in glades and shady places. The former is found fringing
the forest and the mountain grass-land as high as 8000 ft.
(2460 m.), forming matted masses and clambering over bushes. It
possesses extensive, thin, hard, wiry stems and narrow leaves.

The following observations on the genus Panicum as represented
by the species recorded for this region may be of interest. With
the exception of Panicum maximum Jacq., which is a strong-growing,
erect plant with thick stems and large leaves, usually inhabiting
open places, the species are of a trailing and clambering habit with
extensive, thin, wiry stem development and small, narrow leaves.
In the species P. calvum Stapf, Panicum cf. P. sublaetum Stapf and
P. brevifolinm L., which occur well within the rain-forest, the
leaves are somewhat larger than those of P. Hochstetteri Steud.
They become very reduced in the diminutive species P. pusillum
Hook. f. which occurs sparingly in the mountain grass-land at 8000 ft.
(2460 m.).

It is evident that the trailing and clambering habit assumed by
these species of Panicum is a method of growth suited to forest or
semi-forest conditions, as it enables them to grow more easily in
search of light and advantage of position. The reduction in the leaf
system of the species P. Hochstetteri Steud. and P. pusillum Hook. f.
at the higher levels is compatible with the rarified air conditions and
the extreme drought to which they are subject during the dry
season.

In addition to the last two Panicums associated with the
mountain forest zone there are two other grasses found in glades,
with various herbs or in small colonies; namely, Streblochaete
longiaristum Pilger and Acritochaete Volkensii Pilger. Like the
Panicums they are trailing grasses with fairly extensive stem
development. Their long, slender, barbed awns are peculiar in
that they form a rope-like twist so that numbers of the spikelets
are linked up and when ripe become detached from the spike in a
bunch-like fashion. Both these grasses have been recorded from
East Africa, the latter from Mts. Kilimanjaro, Elgon and Kenya.

In the more open parts and about the fringe of the mountain
forest zone two species of Brontus, B. scdbridus Hook. f. and B.
giganteus L. occur, as well as several species of Avenastmm. The
latter also appear sparingly in the neighbouring grass-land, and in

422

general appearance resemble the British Arrhenatherum elatius
Mert. et Koch. The Bromus species have not so great a range,
although B. scabridus Hook. f. has been gathered among bushes at
9200 ft. (2832 m.).

Mountain Grass-Land Zone. There is little or no transitionary
bush stage from the forest limits to the mountain grass-land so that
one passes as through a door-way from the forest. Very soon,
especially on the main Eastern slopes, having passed through a
narrow strip of Panicum Hochstetteri Steud., Pennisetum monostigma
Pilger, and certain herbaceous plants, a belt of Trichopteryx
camerunensis Stapf is encountered. It is a tussock grass subsisting
on the thin soil of the windswept slopes, and during the dry season
its browned culms and panicles of chestnut hue give them a character¬
istic colouring. In full leaf it appears as a continuous sward, but
the grass fires during the dry season reveal its tussocky nature.

The approximate range of T. camerunensis Stapf is between
7000 ft. (2152 m.) and 8000 ft. (2460 m.), thus forming a narrow belt
round the mountain. It is superseded by Andropogon Mannii Hook,
f., A. lima Stapf, A. distachyus L., and Andropogon cf. A. Dummeri
Stapf, which are a feature of the grass-land up to 10,000 ft.
(3080 m.), with scattered tufts extending higher. As they occupy
a higher level they are subject to more poverty-stricken conditions,
occurring over great stretches of the old weathered lava fields.
They have been gathered from ledges and holes in the scoriaceous
rocks and boulders.

The association of Andropogon and Trichopteryx here suggests a
reference to a similar association in East Africa, where, on the shores
of the Victoria Nyanza in Uganda, Trichopteryx kagerensis K. Schum.
and Andropogon canaliculatus Schum. are found. A. Dummeri
Stapf is found also about the same region. The sandy soil of the
Lake shore and the gravelly, laterite slopes approximate in some
respects to the edaphic conditions of the Cameroons Mt., where the
Trichopteryx and Andropogon exist. The genus Trichopteryx is
represented here only in the species T. camerunensis Stapf, whereas
in East Africa there are a number, ranging from the short T.
kagerensis K. Schum. to the tall T. superba Baglietto. The several
species of Andropogon recorded from the higher levels of the Mountain
are all of similar growth, being tussock grasses with thin, straight
flowering stems up to two feet or so, carrying from 2 to 3 brown
spikes. There is, however, an exception in A. abyssinicus R. Br.
gathered at 11,000 ft. (3384 m.), a small, annual species with short
awns and light coloured, hairy spikes, but not so common as the
others. These mountain species are in striking contrast to A .
tectorum Schum., found near the sea-shore and already referred to—
a grass of more ample dimensions, growing as high as 3 to 4 ft.,
with a multiple branching habit and carrying numerous spikes. It
is found only sparingly in the afforested sub-zone, whilst in Sierra
Leone it covers extensive areas in the open.

423

Within the mountain grass-land there are some favoured areas
which might be described as orchard, inhabited by low trees and
shrubs, namely Aguaria salicifolia Hook. 1 , Hypericum lanceolatum
Lam., and A denocarpus Mannii Hook. f. Such areas exist at the
southern and northern ends on flats and gentle slopes from 8000 ft.
(2460 m.) to 10,500 ft. (3230 m.). In the lower orchard areas the
grass covering is of a heavier nature than elsewhere and is composed
of a number of species, notably Hyparrhenia Smithiana Stapf and
Pennisetum monostigma Pilger, besides Trichopteryx and Andropogon.
The Hyparrhenia does not go much beyond 8000 ft. (2460 m.),
keeping to the more favoured areas, but the Pennisetum is less
fastidious, occurring not only on the edge of the forest around bushes
in the orchard land, but even among scoriaceous rocks in the old lava
flows, and is found as high as 9000 ft. (2768 m.). It is an interesting
Pennisetum not only in this respect, but in the fact that it is a species
almost confined to the Cameroons Mountain.

In places the mountain grass-land is intersected by more recent
lava flows overlying the old and in various stages of deterioration,
resulting in peculiar communities of plants within them. They are
invaded by some of the grasses from the neighbouring grass-land,
and although some of the species merely tolerate the conditions
others would appear to be adapted to them. Besides Pennisetum
monostigma Pilger, already referred to as occurring in the lava flows,
one species of Tripogon, T. major Hook, f., also occurs frequently.
Indeed it has been gathered from pure ashbeds on the slopes of some
of the small craters. It is found only sparingly in the grass-land,
about boulders and stones, and is of a xerophytic structure, with
narrow, rolled leaves, thin, wiry flower stalks, carrying scaley
LoliumAPksz spikes, of an unusual ashen colour. It is found between
8000 ft. (2460 m.) and 9000 ft. (2800 m.).

Another interesting grass found under identical conditions, but
extending much higher, even up to 11,000 ft. (3384 m.), is Sporobolus
montanus (Hook, f.) Engl. Its vegetative characters are also similar,
being tufted, with thin flower stalks, carrying a loose panide of dark-
coloured spikes. It differs markedly in these respects from the species
S. robustus Kunth and 5 . indicus R. Br. The former is a diffuse
plant, thick-stemmed, and bearing robust, tail-like panicles. The
plants of this species from the rocky fore-shore, it should be remarked,
are of a clambering habit and short-jointed in contrast to the long-
jointed, strong, erect habit of those from the Uganda plains, which
appear to be its more natural habitat. The latter is found usually
in favoured places and at lower levels—a leafy grass with an erect,
open, graceful panicle. There is a form, however, which occurs
scattered in the grass-land at about 7000 ft. (2152 m.), with a
stiff, spike-like panicle.

At 8000 ft. (2460 m.) or even lower, some of the outposts of the
upper grass-land are encountered, as, for example. Air a caryophyllea
L., the well-known European species—here it is very light-

424

Keu. Bulletin 1932]

Plate VII

Arboreal limits at 10 700 ft (3 292 m) with 4denocarpus Mamin Hook
f in foreground leading to pure giass-land

A community of Deschampsia cf D Mildbraedn Pilger and Festuca.
abyssimca Hochst in depression among hchen-co\ ered la\a, 12,500 ft.
{3,846 m}

To face pag e 425]

coloured in all its parts, delicate in structure, scattered but widely-
distributed, and frequent in pockets in the grass-land and old lava
flows— Koderia convoluta Hochst., allied to K. cristata Pers. of the
northern and southern hemispheres, Deschampsia cf. D. Mildbraedn
Pilger, Agrostis, Festuca, Pentaschistis, Poa annua L. and P.
leptodada Hochst.

The bush Adenocarpus Mannii Hook. f. finally ceases at 10,700 ft.
(3292 m.). This is preceded on certain parts of the barren moun¬
tain slopes at 9000 ft. (2800 m.) to 10,000 ft. (3080 m.) by a com¬
munity of Aguaria salicifolia Hook, f., Hypericum lanceolatum Lam.,
together with Adenocarpus Mannii Hook. f.; the grasses here are
Andropogon Mannii Hook, f , Agrostis Mannii Stapf MS. ( Deyeuxia
Mannii Hook. L), Festuca abyssimca Hochst., and Deschampsia cf.

D. Mildbraedn Pilger. The last, with its ripened silvery panicles,
is a striking feature over the boulder-strewn landscape.

Above 10,700 ft. (3292 m.) the vegetation becomes pure grass¬
land with certain herbaceous components, and Deschampsia and
Festuca abyssinica Hochst. are prominent. This community con¬
tinues along the sloping approaches to the peak, which become more
and more thinly-clad and tussocky as the conditions become more
and more desert, and finally ceases at about 12,500 ft. (3846 m.).

Alpine Desert Zone. On the steep rise to the main crater
and the barren ash-covered cones which make up the peak the
conditions become bleak and desert in the extreme, and it would be
difficult to find a place more unfavourable to plant life. Neverthe¬
less on the smooth, ashy slopes and on the very summit itself stunted
and dried up plants of Festuca Schimperiana Nees and Pentaschistis
Mannii Stapf MS. grow either in clumps or from low domes of moss.
These, with Senecio clarenceanus Hook. f. and Helichrysum Mannii
Hook, f., form the final plant community at 13,336 ft. (4100 m.) on
this mountain mass.

For identifications of many of the grasses I am indebted to the
Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, with whom many of
the specimens have been deposited ; and to Dr. Turrill and Mr. C.

E. Hubbard for suggestions regarding the preparation of this paper.

LVIL—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF SIAM.*—

Additamentum NXXVI.

Ixora betongensis Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; ab affini I.
merguense Hook. f. foliis subtus haud glabris, nervis Iateralibus magis
numerosis inter alia recedit.

Frntex circa 1 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli validi, ad 8 mm.
diametro, parum complanati, puberuli, brunneo-corticati, lenticellis
parvis inconspicuis. Folia elliptica vel obovato-elliptica, apice
acuminata, basi cuneata, 27-33 cm. longa, 12-14-3 cm. lata, sub-
coriacea, sicca viridia vel parum brunnescentia, supra glabra, subtus
breviter hirsuta, costa supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis

♦Continued from K.B. 1932, 338.

425

lateralibus utrinque circa 16 supra impressisjsubtus prominentibus
intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervis transversis supra impressis
subtus prominulis, margine recurva, petiolo 1-5 cm. longo valido
supra late canaliculato suffulta ; stipulae deciduae. Inflorescentia
terminalis, 7 cm. diametro, pedunculo communi brevi incluso
6 cm. longa, ramulis longius puberulis ; bracteae ad 4 mm. longae,
cum bracteolis 2 mm. longis puberulae; fores albi (ex Kerr),
sessiles vel pedicello ad 1-5 mm. longo suffulti. Receptaculim 1 mm.
longum, sicco fuscum, puberulum. Calycis segmenta 4, inter se
subaequalia, oblongo-ovata, acuta vel acute acuminata, ad 2 mm.
longa et 1-25 mm. lata, dorso puberula, ciliata. Corollae tubus
extra puberulus, 2-8 cm. longus, lobi 8 mm. longi. Antherae 6 mm.
longae, acuminatae, loculis basi inter se liberis, filamentis 1 mm.
longis. Stylus gracilis, ad 3-3 cm. longus, stigmatibus 4 mm. longis.

Betong, 200 m., scrub jungle, Kerr 7639.

Ixora bracteolata Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; ab I. lucida R. Br.
ex Hook. f. bracteolis receptaculo longioribus, corollae tubo extra
glabro, ab I. eitgenioide Pierre ex Pitard stipulis et calycis segmentis
angustioribus, corollae tubo conspicue longiore distinguenda.

Ramuli graciles, primo compressi, puberuli, demum teretes,
glabri, cortice brunneo obtecti, lenticellis haud conspicuis. Folia
oblongo-oblanceolata, rarius elliptica vel ovata, apice subacuminata,
summo apice apiculata, basi cuneata, late cuneata, vel rarius
rotundata, 4-6-5 cm. longa, 1-8-3-2 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca supra
subfusca, subtus brunnea, pagina utraque glabra, costa supra
prominula subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 8-10
tenuibus rectis supra conspicuis subtus prominulis intra marginem
anastomosantibus, nervulis paucis pagina utraque plus minusve
conspicuis, petiolo usque ad 5 mm. longo primo puberulo supra
canaliculato suffulta; stipulae subulatae, ad 5 mm. longae, puber¬
ulae. Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbosa, circa 3 cm. longa, et
rhachi et ramulis puberulis, articulata; bracteae angustae, ad 3 mm.
longae; pedicelli usque ad 2-5 mm. longi, apice bracteolis duabus
angustisreceptaculo paulo longioribus instructi; alabastra acuminata,
apice demum paulo stellulata. Receptaculum 1 mm. longum, glabrum.
Calycis tubus brevis, segmenta 2 mm. longa, 0-75 mm. lata, glabra.
Corollae tubus 1 cm. longus, extra glaber, lobi 4, circa 4 mm. longi.

Krat, Ta Kum, Put 2887.

Ixpra brevidens Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; ab af&ni I. Br.unonis
Wall, ex G. Don foliis subtus indumento brevi instructis, calycis
segmentis multo brevioribus inter alia recedit.

Ramuli annotini compressi, crassi, breviter hirsuti. Folia
elongato-obovato-elliptica, apice acuminata, basi cuneata, obtusa,
18-32 cm. longa, 9-5-11-5 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca parum fusces-
centia, subtus pallidiora, supra ad costam et saepe etiam ad nervos
laterales puberula, subtus breviter subsparse pubescentia, costa

426

subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 15-17 supra con-
spicuis subtus prominentibus intra marginem anastomosantibus,
nervis transversis supra plus minusve conspicuis subtus prominulis,
petiolo 5 mm. longo breviter hirsuto supra canaliculato suffulta;
stipulae e basi deltoidea subulato-acuminatae, 1 cm. longae, dorso
medio carinatae, breviter birsutae. Infmctescentia terminalis,
2-2-5 cm. longa, e basi ramosa vel pedunculo communi ad 1 cm.
longo suffulta, breviter hirsuta vel longius puberula. Fructus
seminibus solitariis ellipsoideus vel geminis subrotundatus et parum
compressus, ad 1 cm. diametro, calcyis segmentis oblongo-deltoideis
circa 1-25 mm. longis erectis dorso breviter pubescentibus ciliatis diu
coronatus.

Prachuap, Hui Yang, Put 3253.

Ixora ebarbata Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; ab affini I. lucida
R. Br. ex Hook. f. corollae oculo glabro inter alia differt.

Frutex circa 4 m. altus (ex Kerr), inflorescentia excepta glaber ;
ramuli subgraciles, iuventute sicco fusci, compressi, mox teretes,
cortice cinnamomeo obtecti, lenticellis haud conspicuis. Folia
oblonga, oblongo-obovata, vel elliptica, apice breviter obtuse
acuminata, basi cuneata vel rotundato-cuneata, 4*5-11 cm. longa,
2-4 cm. lata, chartacea, sicco atra, costa supra conspicua subtus
prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 10 supra saepissime
impressis subtus prominulis intra marginem anastomosantibus,
nervulis pagina utraque subprominulis, petiolo usque ad 1 cm. longo
supra anguste canaliculato suffulta ; stipulae subulato-acuminatae,
circa 4 mm. longae. Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbiformis,
pedunculo communi ad 1-5 cm. longo et floribus inclusis ad 4-5 cm.
longa, laxiflora, ramulis lateralibus utrinque 2 inferioribus circa
7 mm. longis, partibus omnibus puberula; flores albi (ex Kerr),
terminalibus saepissime sessilibus, lateralibus pedicello circa 3 mm.
longo suffultis; bracteae angustae, inferioribus ad 3 mm. longis;
bracteolae binae, ad pedicelli apicem positae, circa 0-5 mm. longae.
Receptaculum puberulum, 1 mm. longum. Calycis lobi tubo paululo
longiores, deltoidei vel suboblati, circa 0-5 mm. longi et 0-75 mm.
lati, fere glabri. Corollae tubus gracilis, extra puberulus, 2*5 cm.
longus, lobi 4, mox arete reflexi, vix 6 mm. longi. Antherae 3-25 mm.
longae, apice acute acuminatae, loculis basi productis, filamentis
1 mm. longis.

Ranawng, Kao Talu, 50 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 11,829.

Ixora kratensis Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; ab affini I. Brunonis
Wall, ex G. Don foliis petiolatis, et calycis segmentis et corollae lobis
brevioribus inter alia recedit.

Fritiex circa 2 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli primo densius hirsuti,
mox parum glabrescentes. Falia saepissime oblonga vel suboblonga,
apice acute acuminata, basi truncata vel rotundato-truncata,
15-21 cm. longa, 4*5-6*5 cm. lata, chartacea, sicco brunnea, subtus
pallidiora, supra ad costam primo hirsuta, mox plus minusve

427

glabrescentia, aliter primo sparse hirsuta, cito glabrescentia, subtus
hirsuta, pilis hand densis, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 12-15 intra marginem anastomosantibus
supra parum impressis subtus prominentibus, nervulis rete
laxum supra subconspicuum subtus subprominulum efficientibus,
margine revoluta, primo ciliata, petiolo 8-12 mm. longo dense
hirsuto supra canaliculato suffulta ; stipulae subulatae, 1 cm. longae,
hirsutae, diu persistentes. Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbiformis,
pedunculo communi circa 1 cm. longo incluso 2-5-5*5 cm. longa,
5-9 cm. diametro, partibus omnibus hirsuta; flores albi (ex Kerr),
subsessiles vel pedicellis ad 2 mm. longis suffulti; bracteolae 2, sub
receptaculo, circa 1 mm. longae. Receptaculum circa 1 mm. longum,
pilis paucis instructum. Calycis segmenta 4, lanceolata, subacuta,
175 mm. longa, hirsuto-ciliata. Corolla extra subsparse pilosa,
ante anthesin apice fusiformis ; tubus 3 cm. longus, intra glaber;
lobi 4, spatulato-elliptici, 7 mm. longi, 3 mm. lati. Stamina 4,
fllamentis 2*5 mm. longis ad corollae tubi apicem adfixis, antheris
circa 3-5 mm. longis, connectivo excurrente acuminatis. Stylus
filifonnis, 3 cm. longus, glaber, stigmatibus binis circa 2 mm. longis.
Fructus ellipsoideus vel late ellipsoideus, ad 11 mm. longus et 8 mm.
diametro, pilis paucis instructus, calyce persistente coronatus.

Krat, Baw Rai, 600 m., common in evergreen forest, Kerr 9473.

Ixora Lakshnakarae Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; ab I. betongense
Craib calycis segmentis conspicue longioribus distinguenda.

Frutex, ramulis iuventute compressis subhirsutis magis minusve
fuscis demum cinereo-corticatis. Folia elliptica vel anguste ellip-
tica, apice acutius subacuminata, basi cuneata vel late cuneata, ad
30 cm. longa et 11*5 cm. lata, coriaceo-chartacea, sicco supra viridia vel
subviridia, subtus pallidiora, supra glabra, subtus hirsuta, costa
supra medio sulcata subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
circa 20 supra impressis subtus prominentibus intra marginem
anastomosantibus, nervis transversis supra impressis subtus prom-
inulis, petiolo usque ad 1*5 cm. longo hirsuto suffulta; stipulae e
basi lata subulato-acuminatae, ad 1*5 cm. longae, basi connatae,
dorso hirsutae. Corymbi terminales, e basi ramosi, floribus inclusis
ad 15 cm. longi et lati, ramulis lateralibus utrinque 3-4 cum pedun-
culis hirsutis; bracteae inferiores foliaceae, ad 13 mm. longae,
superiores gradatim minores, supremae 8 mm. longae ; pedicelli ad
4 mm. longi, apice bracteolis duabus late oblanceolatis 7 mm. longis
2-5 mm. latis instructi, hirsuti; flores albi (ex Lakshnakara ).
Receptaculum 2 mm. longum, pubescens. Calycis segmenta 4, inter
se aequalia, oblongo-oblanceolata, 7 mm. longa, 275 mm. lata,
foliacea, ciliata. Corollae tubus 37 cm. longus, extra parce sub-
pilosus, lobi 1 cm. longi, fere 4 mm. lati. Antherae 6 mm. longae.

Tomo, Ban Wo, 180 m., by stream, Lakshnakara 688.

Ixora Parkin soniana Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; ab I. opaca
R. Br. ex G. Don foliis latioribus, pedunculo elongato, et receptaculo
et corolla extra conspicue puberulis recedit.

428

Frutex circa 2 m. altus (ex Kerr ); ramuli glabri, primo compressi,
mox cortice cinereo vel brunneo-cinereo tecti, lenticellis haud
conspicuis. Folia suboblonga, elliptica, late elliptica, vel rarissime
rotundata, apice obtusa, basi cuneata, late cuneata, vel rotundata,
7-15 cm. longa, 3-8-8-5 cm. lata, coriacea vel subcoriacea, sicco
subviridia, subtus param pallidiora, pagina utraque glabra, costa
supra conspicua vel param impressa subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 7-10 supra subprominulis subtus prominentibus
intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervulis rete gracile pagina
utraque conspicuum efficientibus, margine revoluta, petiolo 1-2 cm.
longo supra canaliculate suffulta; stipulae subulatae, ad 5 mm.
longae, diutius persistentes. Inflorescentia pendula (ex Kerr ),
floribus inclusis circa 3 cm. longa et 6 cm. diametro, pedunculo
communi ad 17 cm. longo sparse puberulo paululo supra basem
bracteato suffulta, articulata, puberula, bracteis ad 2-5 mm. longis,
floribus albis (ex Kerr), terminalibus sessilibus, lateralibus pedicdlis
ad 2 mm. longis apice bracteolis duabus circa 075 mm. longis
instructis suflultis; alabastra obtusa. Receptaculum vix 1 mm.
longum, dense puberulum. Calycis segmenta subquadrata, 0*5 mm.
longa, ciliolata, dorso puberula. Corollae tubus 1*8 cm. longus,
extra densius longius puberulus, lobi 4, oblongo-obovati, 4 mm. longi,
2-5 mm. lati, dorso puberali, ciliolati. Antherae dorsifixae, 3 mm.
longae, apiculatae, filamentis ad corollae tubi apicem positis circa
1-25 mm. longis.

Yanyao, 50 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 18,170.

Ixora straminea Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; ab I. lucida R. Br.
ex Hook. f. inflorescentia glabra, alabastris haud longe acummatis
inter alia recedens.

Frutex circa 4 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli graciles, glabri, sicco
primo fusci, compressi, mox straminei, teretes, lenticellis parvis
haud conspicuis. Folia oblanceolata vel lanceolata, apice acute
acuminata, basi cuneata vel obtuse cuneata, 6 *5-10-5 cm. longa,
17-2*8 cm. lata, chartacea, sicco atra, pagina utraque glabra, costa
supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa
12 pagina utraque prominulis, nervulis rete gracile pagina utraque
efficientibus, margine anguste cartilaginea saepe param recurva,
petiolo ad 5 mm. longo glabro supra canaliculate suffulta; stipulae
basi inter se breviter connatae, e basi lata subulato-acuminatae,
2 ’5~4*5 mm. longae, glabrae, primo fuscae, mox stramineae, diutius
persistentes. Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbosa, pedunculo
communi circa 3 mm. longo et corollis inclusis ad 3*5 cm. longa et
5*5 cm. lata, glabra, articulata; ramuli laterales utrinque 3, circa
4 mm. longi, basi bracteis angustis 2 mm. longis instructi, partiales
ad 3 mm. longi; fiores albi (ex Kerr), terminalibus sessilibus,
lateralibus pedicellis ad 2 mm. longis apice bracteolis duabus
0*75 mm. longis instructis suflultis; alabastra primo acuta, sub-
acuminata. Receptaculum 1 mm. longum. Calycis segmenta 0*75 mm.
longa, 0*5 mm. lata. Corollae tubus gracilis, 2 cm. longus, lobi 4,

429

elliptici vel oblongo-elliptici, subacuminati, subacuti, 4 mm. longi,
175 mm. lati. Antherae dorsifixae, 3 mm. longae, acutae, loculis
basi productis, filamentis ad corollae tnbi apicem positis 1 mm. longis.
Stylus gracilis, paulo exsertus.

Trang, Kao Sung, 800 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 15,233.

Duperrea scabrida Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; a D. pavettifolia
(Kurz) foliis subtus scabridulis haud molliter pubescentibus cognos-
cenda.

Ramuli graciles, primo subadpresse hirsuti, mox glabri,
cinnamomeo-corticati, lenticeUis inconspicuis. Folia opposita,
paribus haud rarius inter se inaequalibus, saepissime oblanceolata
vel oblongo-oblanceolata, apice acute acuminata, basi cuneata, ad
15 cm. longa et 5 cm. lata, sicca fusco-brunnea, chartacea, pagina
superiore setulis adpressis hie et illic instructa, inferiore ad costam
nervosque laterales setis brevibus adpressis scabridula, costa supra
conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque ad 10 supra
conspicuis subtus prominulis, nervulis rete laxum pagina utraque
subconspicuum efficientibus, setuloso-ciliata, petiolo 4-10 mm. longo
adpresse setuloso supra canaliculato suffulta; stipulae subulato-
acuminatae, ad 6 mm. longae, scariosae, dorso parce adpresse setu-
losae, diutius persistentes. Inflorescentia corymbiformis, pedunculo
communi 2 cm. longo et floribus inclusis ad 7 cm. longa et 6 cm. lata,
pedunculo ramulis et pedicellis subadpresse hirsutis; bracteae
angustae, ad 4 mm. longae ; pedicelli ad 5 mm. longi. Receptaculum
1-5 mm. longum, subsparse adpresse hirsutum. Calycis tubus
0*5 mm. longus, segmenta subulata, 5 mm. longa, hirsuta. Corollae
tubus extra adpresse hirsutus, 2 cm. longus, lobi 5, subrotundati,
breviter acuminati, circa 4 mm. diametro, primo hirsuto-ciliati, dorso
apice pilis paucis rigidis instructi. Antherae 3-25 mm. longae,
filamentis brevibus ad corollae tubi apicem insertis. Stylus 3 cm.
longus, parce breviter pubescens, stigmate fusiformi camoso.

Krat, Ta Kum, Put 2889.

Pavetta aspera Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; ab affini P. nervosa
Craib calycis lobis deltoideis inter alia distinguenda.

Ramuli annotini scaberuli, teretes, circa 3 mm. diametro. Folia
saepissime oblongo-oblanceolata, apice obtuse acuminata vel sub¬
acuminata, basi attenuato-cuneata, 11-18 cm. longa, 27-6 cm. lata,
chartacea, sicco subviridia, subtus parum pallidiora, matura supra
ad costam scaberula, subtus scaberula, costa supra conspicua subtus
prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 10 supra plus minusve
conspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervulis rete gracile subtus sub¬
conspicuum efficientibus, petiolo 1-2 cm. longo scaberulo suffulta;
stipulae ad 8 mm. longae, subulato-acuminatae. Corymbi termin¬
ates, foliati, iis P. indicae Linn, similes, floribus inclusis usque ad
20 cm. lati, densius crispatim puberuli; pedicelli circa 5 mm. longi;
flores albi (ex Put). Receptaculum 1 mm. longum, densius sub¬
adpresse longe puberulum. Calyx receptaculo paululo longior, fere

430

ad medium lobatus, extra longe puberulus, lobis deltoideis ciliolatis.
Corollae tubus 27 cm. longus, extra glaber, lobi 4, oblongo-elliptici,
6 mm. longi, 275 mm. lati. Antherae 6 mm. longae, filamentis
brevibus. Stylus 5 cm. longus.

Krat, Ta Kum, Put 2881.

Pavetta brevituba Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; a P. inclica Linn,
foliis subtus breviter hispidulis, corollae tubo breviore distinguenda.

Frutex circa 1 m. altus (ex Ken) ; ramuli primo fusci, breviter
sparse scaberuli, mox pallidi, glabri, lenticellis haud conspicuis. Folia
lanceolata, oblanceolata, vel oblongo-oblanceolata, apice acute
acuminata, basi cuneata, 3-5-7-5 cm. longa, 1-2-2 -9 cm. lata,
chartacea, sicco subviridia, subtus parum pallidiora, pagina superiore
primo sparse breviter setulosa, inferiore breviter bispidula et
saepissime in nervorum axillis pilosa, costa supra conspicua subtus
prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 6 subtus prominulis,
nervulis vix conspicuis, petiolo 4-10 mm. longo breviter hispidulo
suffulta ; stipulae ad 4 mm. longae. Inflorescentia corymbiformis,
terminalis, pedunculo communi brevi et floribus inclusis circa 2 cm.
longa et 3-5 cm. lata, rhachi ramulis et pedicellis sicco atris breviter
albo-hirsutis; pedicelli ad 4 mm. longi, floribus albis (ex Kerr).
Receptaculum 0-75 mm. longum, sparse hispidulo-puberulum.
Calycis tubus receptaculo subaequilongus, dorso extra subglaber,
lobi 4, deltoidei, obtusi, 0-5 mm. longi, dorso subglabri vel hispidulo-
puberuli, ciliati. Corollae tubus 7 mm. longus, extra glaber, lobi 4,
oblongi vel late elliptici, ad 4 mm. longi et 2-5 mm. lati, glabri.
Antherae 4-25 mm. longae, filamentis brevibus ad corollae tubi os
adfixis. Stylus 1 -8 cm. longus.

Prachuap, Ban Nawng Kang, under 50 m., evergreen forest,
Kerr 10,908.

Pavetta fruticosa Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; a P. tomentosa
Roxb. ex Sm. statura minore, foliis subtus haud tomentosis inter alia
recedens.

Frutex ad x m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli nisi ad nodos glabri,
obtuse quadrangulares, ad 6 mm. diametro, rubro-corticati, lenti¬
cellis parvis inconspicuis. Folia obovata, anguste obovata, vel
suboblonga, apice rotundata, saepe parum retusa et apiculata, basi
cuneata, sub anthesin ad 6 cm. longa et 2-5 cm. lata, rigide chartacea,
sicca brunnescentia, pagina superiore pilis brevibus adpressis sparse
instructa, inferiore ad costam nervos nervulosque similiter instructa,
costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
usque ad 12 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis, nervis transversis
supra subconspicuis subtus subprominulis, margine ciliolata, petiolo
ad 7 mm. longo pilis brevibus adpressis primo sparse instructo supra
canaliculato suffulta ; stipulae variabiles, scariosae, late deltoideae,
oblongae, vel transverse oblongae, cuspidato-acuminatae, ad 7 mm.
longae. Corymbi terminales, sessfles, floribus inclusis 6-8 cm. longi,
9-11 cm. lati, foliati, rhachi et ramulis primo pilis paucis instructis

431

glabrescentibus sicco fuscis ; pedicelli ad 6 mm. longi, bracteis
parvis; flores albi (ex Kerr ). Receptaculum circa i mm. longum,
puberulum, sicco fuscum. Calycis tubus receptaculo subaequilongus,
dorso puberulus, lobi breves, pallide marginati, ciliolati. Corollae
tubus i-i cm. longus, extra glaber, intra supeme pilosus, lobi 4,
oblongi, 6*5 mm. longi, 2-25 mm. lati, pallide marginati, supra basi
pilis paucis instructi. Antherae 5 mm. longae, filamentis brevibus.
Stylus 2*5 cm. longus, medio sparse pubescens.

Doi Sutep, 300-600 m., deciduous forest, Kerr 1149.

Pavetta nervosa Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; a P. indica Linn,
eiusque affinioribus ramulis scaberulis, a P. siphonantha Dalz., cui
habitu subsimilis, calycis lobis multo brevioribus inter alia recedit.

Ramuli scaberuli, sicco primo compressi, subfusci, mox teretes,
cortice cinnamomeo obtecti, lenticellis haud conspicuis. Folia
saepissime oblongo-ovata, oblongo-obovata, vel late oblanceolata,
apice obtuse acuminata vel subacuminata, basi cuneata vel late
cuneata, interdum acuminata, usque ad 16 cm. longa et 6 cm. lata,
rigide chartacea, sicco brunnescentia et plus minusve fuscescentia,
pagina utraque praecipue ad costam sparse subscaberulo-puberula,
costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
9-12 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervulis pagina
utraque conspicuis vel paucis inferiore prominulis, petiolo 1-2*5 cm.
longo scaberulo suffulta; stipulae basi connatae, 8 mm. longae.
Inflorescentia ei P. indicae Linn, similis sed parcius puberula ; flores
albi (ex Put), pedicellis circa 5 mm. longis suffulti. Receptaculum
1 mm. longum, fere glabrum. Calycis tubus 0*5 mm. longus, dentes
breves. Corollae tubus 1-7 cm. longus, extra glaber, intra, basi
excepta, subpilosus, lobi 4, circa 5 mm. longi et 2*5 mm. lati, supra
basem versus pilis paucis instructi. Antherae 5 mm. longae,
filamentis brevibus. Stylus 37 cm. longus.

Kaw Pangan, Put 807.

Pavetta petiolaris Wall. mss. [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; P. indicae
Linn, valde affinis a qua foliis pro rata saepissime longioribus apice
distincte acuminatis supra ad nervos pilis crispatis praetereaque
aliter setis sparsis instructis distinguenda.

Arbuscula vel frutex (ex Garrett) ; ramuli glabri, primo fusci,
angulati, annotini cinereo-corticati. Folia anguste elliptica vel
oblanceolata, apice acute acuminata, basi attenuato-cuneata,
11-18 cm. longa, 27-5-8 cm. lata, chartacea, sicco parum brunnes¬
centia, subtus pallidiora, supra ad nervos sed praesertim ad costam
pilis saepissime crispatis subsparse instructa praetereaque aliter setis
hie et ilhc instructa, subtus ad costam nervosque breviter crispatim
pubescentia, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque circa 9 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis,
reticulatione gracili pagina utraque plus minusve subconspicua,
petiolo 10-15 mm. longo suffulta. Inflorescentia corymbosa,
sessilis, floribus inclusis 5 cm. longa et 10 cm. lata, ramulos laterales

432

circa 7 cm. longos apice bifoliatos aliter nudos terminans, rhachi
ramulis et pedicellis breviter crispatim pubescentibus ; pedicelli ad
5 mm. longi. Receptaculum circa 1 mm. longum, breviter crispatim
pubescens. Calycis tubus receptaculo paulo brevior, extra sub-
glaber, dentes 4, breves. Corollae tubus 1 cm. longus, extra glaber,
intra apicem versus pilosus, lobi 4, circa 5 mm. longi, glabri.
Antherae 5 mm. longae, filamentis brevibus ad corollae tubi apicem
insertis. Stylus 2*5 cm. longus.

Doi Angka, E. slope, MS Ka Pak drainage, 1450 m., Garrett 504.

Pavetta pilosa Craib [Rubiaceae-Ixoreae]; a P. naucleiflora R.
Br. ex G. Don foliis latioribus brevius petiolatis, calycis segmentis
conspicue longioribus, corolla extra pilis albis longiusculis divaricatis
sat dense instructa recedens.

Ramuli sat dense hirsuti, circa 3 mm. diametro. Folia oblonga,
oblongo-lanceolata, vel elliptica, apice acute acuminata, basi saepe
parum inaequilateralia, rotundata vel cuneata, 11*5-21 cm. longa,
4*3-7 *7 cm. lata, sicca supra fusco-brunnea vel fusco-viridia, subtus
fusco-grisea, chartacea, supra sparse hirsuta, subtus longius et
mollius hirsuta pilis ad costam nervos nervulosque patulis, costa
supra impressa subtus promrnente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
12 supra impressis subtus prominulis, nervulis supra plus minusve
impressis subtus subprominulis, ciliata, petiolo ad 1 cm. longo
hirsuto suffulta; stipulae subulatae, ad 1*5 cm. longae, breviter
hirsutae. Inflorescentia terminalis, pedunculo communi 1*5-2-5 cm.
longo, corymbiformis, 3-4 cm. longa, 5-6 cm. diametro, densifora,
pedunculo et ramulis hirsutis ; bracteae inferiores lineari-lanceolatae
vel lineares, ad 1*3 cm. longae; pedicelli ad 5 mm. longi, medio
bracteolis duabus angustis 2 mm. longis hirsutis instructi. Recepta¬
culum late ellipsoideum, 1*5 mm. longum, dense hirsutum. Calycis
tubus 0*75 mm. longus, dorso hirsutus, lobis angustis subaequilongus.
Corollae tubus 1 cm. longus, extra pilis divaricatis longius hirsutus,
intra parte dimidia inferiore glaber, superiore subpilosus, lobi 5,
oblongi, 5*5 mm. longi, 2 mm. lati, infra longius hirsuti, supra glabri.
Anther ae 7 mm. longae, apiculatae, subsessiles. Stylus cum stig-
matibus 1*8 cm. longus, medio breviter pilosus.

Krat, Kao Saming, Put 534.

Morinda cinnamomea Craib [Rubiaceae-Morindeae]; a M. villosa
Hook. f. foliis minoribus, nervis lateralibus intra marginem baud
anastomosantibus, nervis transversis obscuris, a M. Scortechinii
(King et Gamble) et M. cochinchiense DC. ramulorum indumento
multo densiore recedit.

Frutex volubilis (ex Kerr) ; ramuli dense molliter cinnamomeo-
subpilosi. Folia oblonga, anguste oblonga vel oblanceolato-oblonga,
apice subacute acuminata, basi cuneata vel rotundata, usque ad
9 cm. longa et 3*2 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca supra fusca, subtus
pallidiora, supra ad costam densius subadpresse ferrugineo-pubes-
centia, aliter plus minusve glabrescentia, primo sparse subhirsuta.

433

subtus ad costam nervosque laterales adpresse pallide fulvo-sericea,
aliter subpilosa, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 10-12 supra vix conspicuis subtus prominen-
tibus, nervis transversis paucis subtus conspicuis, margine ciliata,
petiolo 5-10 mm. longo indumento ei ramulorum simili tecto suffulta;
stipulae diu persistentes, connatae, ad 9 mm. longae. Pedunculi
terminates, ad 8, umbellatim dispositi, circa 5 mm. longi, dense
subfulvo-pubescentes, 5-flori; alabastra sicco fusca, extra longius
pubescentia. Receptacula inter se connata. Calyx 075 mm. longus,
4-lobulatus. Corolla 5 mm. longa, tubo brevi, lobis 4 oblongo-
oblanceolatis intra pilis erectis dense barbatis. Antherae 075 mm.
longae, filamentis 1 mm. longis. Stylus glaber, stigmatibus duobus
inclusis 4-5 mm. longus ; ovarium biloculare, ovulis solitariis.

Satul, Kao Keo Range, 700 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 14,551.

Morinda longifolia Craib [Rubiaceae-Morindeae]; a M. asfera
Wight et Am. foliis angustioribus, stipulis haud alte bifidis recedit.

Frutex circa 175 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli compressi, primo
asperuli, fusci, mox cortice stramineo obtecti. Folia sublanceolata,
apice obtusa, basi cuneata, ad 17 cm. longa et 3 cm. lata, chartacea,
sicca supra fusca, subtus pallidiora, pagina utraque pilis brevibus
asperula, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis later¬
alibus utrinque circa 15 pagina utraque plus minusve conspicuis,
nervulis paucis subtus subconspicuis, asperulo-ciliolata, petiolo ad
5 mm. longo asperulo suffulta; stipulae deltoideae vel late deltoideae,
3-5 mm. longae, brunneae, dorso asperulae. Capitula oppositifolia,
pedunculo communi 7-10 mm. longo asperulo suffulta. Receptacula
connata. Calyx brevis, truncatus. Corolla alba (ex Kerr), ante
anthesin infeme subglabra, supeme conspicue asperulo-puberula;
tubus circa i-i cm. longus, intra supeme pilosus; lobi 5, circa
7 mm. longi et 2 mm. lati, supra glabri. Antherae 4 mm. longae,
ad corollae tubi apicem attingentes, filamentis brevibus. Stylus
i*4 cm. longus, glaber, stigmatibus duobus 3-4 mm. longis; loculi
duo, ovulis solitariis.

RaMng, 100 m., cultivated, Kerr 4577.

Morinda nana Craib [Rubiaceae-Morindeae]; a M. persicifolia
Ham. eiusque affinioribus foliis minoribus, inflorescentia parva
recedit.

Frutex nanus; ramuli prostrati vel erecti (ex Kerr), scaberuli,
circa 2-5 mm. diametro. Folia variabilia, saepissime obovata,
oblongo-ovata, elliptica, vel fere rotundata, interdum medio con-
stricta, apice rotundata vel obtusa, basi cuneata, ad 2-8 cm. longa et
1-3 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca viridia vel subviridia, subtus pallidiora,
glabra, costa supra conspicua vel prominula subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 4-5 intra marginem anastomosantibus
pagina utraque subconspicuis, nervulis vix conspicuis, petiolo ad
3 mm. longo lamina decurrente plus minusve alato suffulta ; stipulae
circa 1 mm. longae, apice saepissime bilobatae. Inflorescentia

434

terminalis vel pseudoterminalis, corollis exclusis 3 mm. diametro,
subsessilis vel breviter pedunculata, floribus circa 5-7 albis (ex
Kerr). Receptacula inter se fere libera. Calycis tubus brevis, apice
truncatus, sat camosus. Corolla extra puberula; tubus 6-5 mm.
longus, intra apicem versus parce pilosus; lobi 5, oblongo-lanceo-
lati, 4 mm. longi, 1-5 mm. lati. Stamina inclusa vel exserta, fila-
mentis 1*25 mm. longis, antberis 2 mm. longis. Stylus 9 mm. longus,
apicem versus pilis brevibus instructus, stigmatibus duobus 1-5 mm.
longis ; loculi duo, ovulis solitariis.

Nakawn Panom, Ta Uten, 200 m., very common along banks of
streams, Kerr 8461.

Morinda pumila Craib [Rubiaceae-Morindeae]; a speciebus aliis
capitulis solitariis ob caules annuos breves distinguenda.

Caules e radice lignosa annui (ex Kerr), 10-30 cm. alti, erecti,
simplices vel parce ramosi, subhirsuti, primo fusci, glutinosi, mox
pallide virides. Folia saepissime elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica,
apice breviter obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata vel acuminata,
4-5-8-5 cm. longa, 1 *5-3*5 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, sicca supra plus
minusve murina, subtus pallidiora, praesertim ad nervos supra
breviter hirsuta, subtus hirsuta, costa supra conspicua subtus
prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 7-9 supra conspicuis subtus
prominulis saltern supremis intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervis
transversis subtus subprominulis, densius ciliolata, petiolo ad 5 mm.
longo hirsuto suffulta ; stipulae circa 2 mm. longae, diutius persis-
tentes. Pedunculi axillares vel oppositifolii, 0*8-3 cm. longi.
Receptacula inter se connata. Calyx brevissimus, truncatus. Corolla
haud visa.

Chaiyapum, Pak Pang, 200 m., deciduous forest, Kerr 19,981.

Morinda scabrida Craib [Rubiaceae-Morindeae]; a M. angusti-
folia Roxb. foliis maturis sicco viridibus subtus molliter pubescen-
tibus recedit.

Frutex ad 1 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli iuventute quadrangulares,
primo hirsuti, cito pilorum basibus induratis persistentibus scabridi,
brunnei, lenticellis inconspicuis. Folia oblongo-oblanceolata vel
subelliptica, apice acuminata vel subacuminata, basi longe cuneata,
14-21 cm. longa, 3-6 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, sicca supra viridia
vel parum lutescentia, subtus pallide viridia, supra scabrida, subtus
molliter pubescentia, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 10 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus
saltern supremis intra marginem arcuatim iunctis, nervulis rete laxum
subtus prominulum efficientibus, margine parum revoluta, scabrida,
petiolo 1 *5-2 *5 cm. longo scabridulo suffulta ; stipulae persistentes,
i *5 cm. longae, dorso scabridulae. Capitula et axillaria et tenninalia,
breviter pedunculata. Receptacula inter se connata. Calyx brevis,
extra scabridulus. Corolla alba, ante anthesin punicea (ex Kerr),
extra puberula ; tubus i*8 cm. longus ; lobi 5, elliptico-lanceolati,

435

apice subacuti, 8 mm. longi, 4 mm. lati. Stamina 5, ad corollae tubi
medium posita. Stylus fUiformis.

Kanburi, Baw Noi, 700 m., open grassy forest, Kerr 10,260.

Gynochthodes puberula Craib [Rubiaceae-Morindeae]; a G.
macrophylla Kurz, cuihabitu similis, pedunculis et pedicellis longiori-
bus, pedicellis et receptaculis puberuLis recedens.

Ramuli recti, puberuli, sicci primo fusci, mox pallide plumbei vel
plumbei, ad 6 mm. diametro. Folia oblongo-elliptica, elliptica, vel
rarius oblongo-lanceolata, apice subobtusa, saepissime breviter acumi¬
nata, basi cuneata vel late cuneata, 7-12 cm. longa, 27-5 cm. lata,
rigide chartacea, vel subcoriacea, sicca fusca, subtus in nervorum
axillis glandulosa et saepissime breviter sparse hirsuta, aliter glabra,
costa supra impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
10 supra conspicuis interdum leviter impressis subtus prominentibus,
nervulis pagina utraque subconspicuis, margine recurva, petiolo
7-10 mm. longo supra canaliculato suffulta; stipulae parvae, late
deltoideae, dorso puberulae. Inflorescentia axillaris, petiolo fere
dimidio brevior, pedunculo communi ad 3 mm. longo, pedicellis ad
4 mm. longis puberulis. Receptaculum puberulum, circa 1-25 mm.
longum. Calyx brevis, truncatus. Corolla extra glabra, tubo
0*5 mm. longo, lobis 4 oblongo-linearibus 6 mm. longis 1*5 mm. latis
intra villosis. A ntherae 2 mm. longae. Styli fere e basi liberi, 1 mm.
longi.

Kaw Pangan, Put 809.

Prismatomeris filamentosa Craib [Rubiaceae-Morindeae]; a P.
malayana Ridl. eiusque affinioribus filamentis quam antheris con-
spicue longioribus recedens.

Ramuli iuventute conspicue 4-angulati, glabri, stramineo-
corticati, mox teretes, cortice cinereo vel cinereo-brunneo obtecti,
lenticellis haud conspicuis. Folia oblonga vel elliptica, apice breviter
acute acuminata, basi cuneata, late cuneata, vel rotundato-cuneata,
interdum acuminata, saepe parum inaequilateralia, 4-7 cm. longa,
1-5-3 cm. lata, coriacea, sicca plus minusve lutescentia, pagina
utraque glabra, costa supra prominula subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 7-8 supra prominulis subtus conspicuis
nervulis rete laxum pagina utraque subconspicuum formantibus,
margine recurva, petiolo circa 5 mm. longo supra canaliculato
suffulta ; stipulae deciduae. Flores per 2-5 ad ramulorum apices
umbellatim dispositi, pedunculo communi haud evoluto vel rarius
ad 3 mm. longo; pedicelli 3-7 mm. longi, glabri. Receptacidum
glabrum, circa 1-25 mm. longum. Calycis tubus receptaculo sub-
aequilongus, apice truncatus vel parvi-denticulatus. Corollae tubus
17 cm. longus, lobi circa 10 mm. longi et 3 mm. lati. FUamenta
4-5 mm. longa, circa 1 mm. supra corollae tubi basem adfixa, antheris
3*5 mm. longis paululo exsertis.

Rayawng, Ban Pe, Put 2720.

436

Prismatomeris memecyloides Craib [Rubiaceae-Morindeae]; a
P. malayana Ridl. eiusque aflmioribus foliis tenuioribus, receptaculo
cum calyce breviore recedit.

Ramuli graciles, glabri, iuventute 4-angulati, straminei, mox
teretes, cortice brunneo-cinereo obtecti, lenticellis haud conspicuis.
Folia anguste elliptica, oblongo-lanceolata, vel late lanceolata, apice
obtuse acuminata, basi saepe parum inaequilateralia, cuneata vel
late cuneata, 5-11 cm. longa, 2-4 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, supra
saepissime plus minusve fuscescentia, subtus pallide viridia, pagina
utraque glabra, costa supra prominula subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 6-8 supra plus minusve conspicuis subtus
prominulis intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervulis tantum paucis
subconspicuis, petiolo circa 5 mm. longo supra canaliculato suffulta ;
stipulae deciduae. Flores albi (ex Rahil), ad apices ramulorum
solitarii vel per 3-5, pedunculo communi haud evoluto, pedicellis
4 mm. longis glabris. Receptaculum glabrum, sicco fuscum, 1 mm.
longum. Calycis tubus 075 mm. longus, subtruncatus. Corollae
tubus i*6 cm. longus, utrinque glaber, lobi 7-8 mm. longi, 1*5-2 mm.
lati, glabri. Stamina 4, filamentis 1 mm. longis glabris supra corollae
tubi medium adfixis, antheris inclusis fere 4 mm. longis. Stylus
cum stigmatibus 18 mm. longus.

Kaw Chang, Salak Kawk, along path, Rdbil 37.

Prismatomeris mollis Craib [Rubiaceae-Morindeae]; a speciebus
aliis foliis subtus molliter pubescentibus recedens.

Frutex circa 2*5 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli iuventute sicco fusci,
mox conspicue 4-angulati, straminei, glabri, demum teretes, cinerei
vel stramineo-cinerei. Folia elliptico-oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata,
apice acuminata, obtusa, basi cuneata vel subtruncata, acuminata,
haud rarius parum inaequilateralia, 12-20 cm. longa, 4-7*5 cm. lata,
chartacea, sicca supra plus minusve fuscescentia, subtus pallide
viridia, supra glabra, subtus molliter pubescentia, costa supra
prominula subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 8-10 rectis
supremis subpatulis bene intra marginem anastomosantibus supra
conspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervulis rete laxum formantibus,
margine parum recurva, petiolo 8-15 mm. longo glabro suffulta;
stipulae ad 4 mm. longae, bilobatae, per annum persistentes.
Flores e ligno annotino orti, inflorescentiam 2-3-fioram sessilem
formantes, subsessiles ; alabastra alba (ex Kerr), glabra, sicco fusca.
Receptaculum 2 mm. longum. Calycis tubus receptaculo duplo
longior, apice minute denticulatus. Corollae tubus 8 mm. longus,
intra glaber, lobi 5, crassi, circa 1*4 cm. longi et 2 mm. lati, glabri.
Antherae paululo exsertae, 3 mm. longae, filamentis 2 mm. longis
paululo supra corollae tubi medium adfixis. Stylus cum stigmatibus
duobos 7 mm. longus, glaber.

Krabi, Tambon Kao Panom, 100 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 18,825.

437

LVIII.—A NEW SPECIES OF ARBORESCENT SENECIO
FROM RUWENZORI (SENECIO ERIONEURON).

A. D. Cotton.

In November, 1931, a large collection of plants from
Mt. Rnwenzori was presented to Kew by Messrs. C. W. L. Fishlock
and G. L. R. Hancock, of the Department of Agriculture, Uganda.
The material had been collected by them the previous August during
their expedition up the Bujuku Valley, on the western slopes of
Ruwenzori, to the Bujuku Lake and to Mount Stanley. Amongst
this material was an exceedingly fine series of arborescent Senecios.
It was intended to prepare a special paper on the Ruwenzori species
of this group. Since, however, several points with regard to certain
specimens are still obscure this has not been possible, and the general
systematic account must be deferred until the whole matter can be
dealt with in a monograph which it is hoped to publish shortly.
One hitherto undescribed species stands out markedly and, as this
has been previously collected by Prof. H. Humbert and is likely to be
found by other botanists who visit Ruwenzori, it appears advisable
to describe it forthwith rather than wait until all the species can be
clearly defined.

The description of the new species is as follows :—

Senecio erioneuron Cotton, sp. nov. ; S. admvali Stapf affinis sed
trunco tantum 1-2-ramoso et lamina foliorum petiolo excepto infra
omnino glabra differt.

Arbor usque 5 m. alta; truncus simplex vel 1-2-ramosus, foliis
marcescentibus dense vestitus. Folia tenuia, oblonga usque late
elliptica, petiolata, irregulariter praecipue ad basin dentata ; lamina
30-40 cm. longa, 15-20 cm. lata, supra glabra, nervis lateralibus
distinctis 1*5-2 cm. distantibus, infra glabra, costa apicem versus
excepta densissime arachnoideo-villosa ; petiolus alatus in laminam
sensim abiens, margine integro, usque 10 cm. longus et 6 cm. latus.
Inflorescentia bracteata, paniculata, capitulis dense confertis ; axis
ramulique tomento longo lanuginoso densissime vestiti; bracteae
foliaceae, anguste oblongae, acutae, integrae, glabrescentes, costa
infra valde lanuginosa. Capitula late campanulata, usque 3 cm.
lata, i*5 cm. longa, pedunculata. Involucri bracteae 3-seriatae ;
exteriores lineares, 15-16 mm. longae, 1 mm. latae, interiores
2-seriatae, oblongo-lanceolatae, acutae, 15-18 mm. longae, 3-5 mm.
latae, glabrae. Flores radii pauci, breviter Jigulati, flavi, corollae
tubo 7-8 mm. longo, ligula lineari-oblonga 5-8 mm. longa apice
2-3-fida. Flores disci circiter 95-105 (-120), 10-12 mm. longi, tubo
infeme cylindrico supeme leviter dilatato. Achaenia matura 5 mm.
longa, 1 mm. lata, valde striata, glabra. Pappi setae barbatae,
circiter 1 cm. longae.

Ruwenzori. Massif versant Ouest, Juillet, 1929, 3600 m.
H. Humbert 8929 (type). Bujuku Valley, Aug. 1931, 11,500 ft.,

438

[Kew Bulletin, 1932.

Plate VIII.

Senecia erionewon Cotton, sp. nov. In Bujuku Valley, Ruwenzori alt
about 13,000 ft. Photo: G. L. R. Hancock.

[To face -page 438.

Fishlock & Hancock 70, 117 ; 12,500 ft., 81, 82, 83, 99 ; 12,000 ft.,
116. (? Mt. Stanley, Aug. 1931,14,000 ft., Fishlock & Hancock 98.)

The tree Senecios on the enormous massive of Ruwenzori are
much more difficult to differentiate than those inhabiting other
African summits or mountain ranges. Of the seven or eight species
which have been recorded from this mountain, the following only are
sharply defined and have been collected on several occasions.

(1) S. longiligulatus de Wildeman, forming the lowermost zone
at about 10,000 ft., a species with thin, glabrous leaves and long ray
florets.

(2) S. adnivalis Stapf, forming a much higher zone, probably
extending from 12,000 to 14,000 feet, a repeatedly branched species
characterized by very short ray florets and thick leaves with
persistent arachnoid tomentum on the under surface.

(3) 5 . Friesiorum Mildbraed, apparently confined to the highest
altitudes (about 14,000 ft.) and clearly distinguished from all other
species on* the mountain by the homogamous flower-heads and very
dense, short, white tomentum on the under side of the leaf.

The new species here described occurs above the 5 . longiligu¬
latus zone and continues into that of S. adnivalis, and the plant itself
is in some respects intermediate in character between these two
species. The fact, however, that Messrs. Fishlock and Hancock
found it in plenty from 11,000 to 12,500 feet and that they differen¬
tiated it by field-characters confirms the decision, based on morpho¬
logical features in the herbarium, that the plant is a distinct species.
The latter characters consist in the ray florets being of medium
length and in the under-surface of the leaf-blade being glabrous
though traversed by a midrib clothed with a white villous tomentum.
The glabrous leaf, it may be remarked, separates it also from the
various new species recently described from Ruwenzori by Dr. de
Wildeman which are not yet well understood and which are conse¬
quently not referred to above. The field characters which distin¬
guish S. erioneuron from 5 . adnivalis are, according to Messrs.
Fishlock and Hancock, its shorter stature, much less branched, habit
and more persistent leaves {see plate VIII). It moreover prefers
boggy ground, whereas S. adnivalis occurs chiefly on drier moraines.

The first undoubted material of this species to reach Kew was a
fine specimen collected by Prof. H. Humbert during his expedition
to equatorial Africa in 1929 and presented to the Herbarium.
Several rather fragmentary specimens, which occur in various
herbaria, are also possibly referable to S. erioneuron, but these are
not fully localized and, being questionable, are not cited. One
doubtful specimen is, however, included, namely that collected on
Mount Stanley, from which few, if any, plants exist in herbaria.
This (No. 98) was from a rather small-leaved tree and was specially
collected by Mr. Fishlock. The leaf appears to be typical 5 .
erioneuron, though this species was not noted elsewhere as occurring
at so high an altitude as 14,000 feet.

439

LIX.—PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS IN GRAFTING
COFFEE AT AMANI, EAST AFRICA. K E. Toms.

Grafting in the Open.

The first attempts were made in August, 1931, by grafting
selected Coffea robusta on to stocks of the same species. The
stocks were suckers from old trees grown under the shade of
Grevillea robusta in the plantation. These trees were in a healthy
and flourishing state before being cut back the previous January,
for other purposes, to within 9 inches of the ground. One to three
suckers were allowed to develop on each stump.

Several slight modifications of the ordinary veneer method of
grafting were employed, with varying conditions of both stocks and
scions. A 60 per cent. " take ” was obtained, and at the time of
writing the healthy shoots measure 3 to 4 ft. above the union, which
can only be detected on close examination.

The success,of grafting C. robusta on itself justified furthei
attempts, using C. arabica as the scion. In November, during the
rainy season, trials were made with the stocks described above, and
scions from strong young shoots of C. arabica cut in an old plantation
nearby. Shoots to the number of 59 were grafted on 29 plants.
The “ takes ” at present, with shoots 2 to 4 ft. long and large healthy
leaves, number 18 on 13 plants. This result may not appear particu¬
larly successful, but it should be remembered that the trial was
purely experimental and not an attempt to achieve the largest
possible number of " takes.”

In all cases the grafts were tied with raffia and the point of union
covered with grafting wax. Twenty-one grafts were given the
added protection of inverted test tubes of one inch diameter. This
method is an expensive and cumbersome one and as nearly all the
grafts failed it was considered that further trials were unnecessary.
An inexpensive method of protection reported to be used with
success in Java is now being tested. Paper tubes are made about
1 inch diameter and 8-10 inches long, tied with twine at one end and
dipped in melted paraffin wax. These are slipped over the graft and
tied again at the bottom ; no grafting wax is used.

Another experiment, also started in November during the rains,
may not appear very successful, but is indicative of the best type of
scion and therefore has value. The stocks were healthy plants
about 8 years old supposed to be the progeny of a hybrid, C. robusta
x C. arabica , but in appearance typical of C. robusta. Thirty-six
plants were cut back to within 1 foot of the ground, the stems at that
height varying in diameter from to indies. The bark ran very
freely, rind grafting being the method used: x to 3 scions were
inserted into each stump.

The stocks were divided into 3 groups of 12 plants and each group
was grafted with a different type of scion as follows :

A, Scions of terminal shoots about 6 inches long.

B, Scions of firm-green wood. (1 node.)

C, Scions of mature brown wood, (1 node.)

440

The three types of scions were cut from the same long shoots.

Number of

Type.

Stocks.

Scions.

" takes.”

3 i

4 .

The type of scion used in Group B has also proved superior in all
other trials where it has been used. The difference between Groups A
and C is not significant, all other experience having shown that
terminal shoots are superior to the mature brown wood.

Other grafting with the ordinary graft method was done during
the hot dry weather of February. The stocks were the suckers of
Robusta coffee and the scions were from four-year-old plants of
Mocha coffee raised from imported seed. Fifty per cent, of the
grafts are now making healthy shoots. This may be regarded as a
satisfactory " take ” as the plants from which the scions were taken
were not in normal, vigorous growth.

During the same month, strong shoots from a healthy plant of
Coffee arabica were grafted on to 8 eighteen-month old plants of C.
excelsa in the seed bed. Seven are now growing rapidly and have
been moved to permanent positions.

In the case of the stocks, the best union is effected on the firm
green wood and it seems an advantage to make the cut where the
wood is slightly older than that of the scion.

Grafting under Cover.

While the above trials were in progress, another of a different
nature was carried out with seedling grafts under glass in a propa¬
gating house. Seeds of C. arabica , C. liberica, C. robusta and C.
Quillou were sown in August in about 4 inches of river sand on a
bench. They germinated very unevenly but a few had fully
developed cotyledons by November.

The C. arabica seedlings which were used as a scion were cut off
just above the level of the sand. With a sharp razor blade two
nearly parallel slices were cut down the stem making a long tapering
wedge beneath the plumule and cotyledons.

A vertical cut was made in the stock, starting at the plumule and
going towards the ground, so that the two cotyledons fell apart.
The point of the wedge of the scion was inserted at the bottom
of the slit, the two halves of the stock brought together and the whole
bound with a thin strand of raffia. The finished graft had the
appearance of a seedling with two pairs of cotyledons one above the
other.

Each graft was covered with an inverted test tube for about 4
weeks.

More grafting was done in February when the seedlings were
stiff and wiry and much easier to handle, but they seemed to take
much longer to recover from the check in growth. It is quite
possible that this check was caused by lack of food supplies, and it is

441

suggested that it would have been better if the seedlings had been
raised in a good compost, to encourage a strong and continuous
growth.

With a view to discovering the limit of conditions for grafting
seedlings, 5 seedling Robusta and 4 Liberica were used as stocks in
the seed beds outside in the nursery. For 2 days no protection was
given other than that ordinarily provided for seed beds. This was
found to be inadequate and protection from the drying winds was
added. In spite of somewhat harsh treatment 2 of each kind
survived and are now in a flourishing condition.

This method of seedling grafting is a promising one for raising
plants of one species on the root system of another, and is
worthy of further investigation. The nursery requirements for
raising plants on a large scale would not be elaborate or expensive.
Grafting would not be subject to weather conditions, a hundred per
cent, success would be attained, and practice would soon make the
operation a speedy one. In addition the graft would be strong,
minimising the danger of mature plants being snapped off at the
point of union by storms.

Conclusion.

To find the species or variety of Coffea making the best stock will,
of course, need much further research and will probably vary with
the locality. Grafting can be done at Amani at almost any time of
the year, but the best time is during the dry season. The preliminary
work recorded above gave no opportunity of determining which of
the dry seasons is most favourable, but probably the cool dry season
would give the best results.

According to reports from Java, grafting is being used fairly
extensively for raising new stock and for improving established
plantations.

So far the data collected here is in general agreement with that
reported from Java.

Coffee is not a difficult plant to graft and if grafting is proved to
be a more profitable method of cultivation, there is no doubt that
propagation by this means could easily be developed on a large scale
in East Africa.

This article may seem somewhat premature, but as circumstances
prevent the writer from undertaking further work on this subject, it
is considered desirable that an account of the work done, and the
conclusions reached, should be placed on record. The future
behaviour of the grafted plant may prove these conclusions to be
wrong. They have, however, a potential value in indicating the
direction of future investigations.

Bibliography.

Chevalier, Les Cafeiers du globe, 164 (1929).

Coleman, The Improvement of Coffee in the Dutch East Indies, in
Dept. Agric, Mysore, Gen. Ser. Bull 15 (1931).

442

Cramer, Grafting in Coffee Culture, in Trop. Agriculturist, lxii. 76
(3:924).

Haan, Het enten van Koffie, in Meded. v. h. Proefstation Malang,
no. 41 (1923).

Snowden, Annual Rep. Economic Botanist, Dept. Agr. Uganda, pt. 2,
70 (1930).

Thierry, Le greffage du Cafeier, du Cacaoyer et du Muscadier, in
Rev. Cult. Coloniales, v. (1899').

Wester, Shield Budding of Coffee, in Philippine Agric. Rev. ix (1916).

Zimmerman, Over het enten van Koffie volgens der Methode van
den Herr Butin Schaap, in Meded. uit ’sLands Plantentuin,
no. 49 (1901).

LX.—NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA :
II.* New or Noteworthy Plants. R. A. Dyer.

Geraniaceae.

Sarcocaulon Vanderietiae L. Bolus\ —In connection with the
revision of the flora of the Albany and Bathurst Divisions, the genus
Sarcocaulon has been critically examined, especially the status and
range of S. Patersonii Harv. This species, according to Harvey 2 ,
occurs in various localities from the Orange River, the type locality,
through the Karroo to Albany Division. The result of this study
revealed the fact that more than one species was included by Harvey
under S. Patersonii , and that this species is restricted to the western
Karroo region. Recently Mrs. Bolus has also made a study of the
genus and has described a new species, 5 . Vanderietiae, from the
Albany Division, grown by Mrs. van de Riet, of Grahamstown.
This species corresponds with certain material quoted by Harvey,
l.c„ and to 5 . Vanderietiae should be added the following synonymy :
5 . Patersonii Harv. in Harv. and Sond. FI. Cap. i. 256 (i860),
partim ; Kunth in Engl. Pfianzenr. Geraniaceae, 313 (1912), partim ;
S. L’Heritieri Eckl. et Zeyh. Enum. no. 436, 57 (1836), non DC. ;
5 . Burmanni Hook, in Bot. Mag. t. 5729 (1868) ?, non DC.

In the wild state S. Vanderietiae is a small plant, 12-20 cm. high,
with somewhat horizontally spreading branches; the branches are
seldom fully turgid, owing to the prevailing dry conditions, and are
closely set with spinescent petioles. The bases of these modified
petioles are swollen when young and almost as broad as the stem,
but shrink and flatten -with age.

It may be seen from the synonymy that this plant has been
referred to three different species, all of which inhabit the western
areas of the Karroo and Namaqualand. The earliest collection of
S. Vanderietiae was made by Ecklon about 1830 in the Fish River
valley, Albany Division, and was referred by Eckl. and Zeyh., l.c., to

♦Continued from K.B. 1932, 155.

1 South Afr. Gard. & Country Life, xxii. 110 (1932).

9 Harv. & Sond. FI. Cap. i. 256 (1860).

443

S. UHeritieri (DC.) Sweet, from which it is readily distinguished by
its smaller flowers and very much shorter awns on the calyx-
segments. The fact that the plant figured in the Botanical Magazine,
t. 5729 (1868), came from the Botanical Gardens, Grahamstown,
Albany Division, suggests that it originated from the Fish River
valley, and represents a cultivated form of S. Vanderietiae, but the
spine-liases are not shown as swollen and the apical leaf margin is
minutely serrate. Kunth, l.c., cites this fig. in the synonymy of
5 . Burmanni (DC.) Sweet. S. Patersonii (DC.) Eckl. et Zeyh., to
which species both Harvey, l.c., and Kunth, l.c., referred the eastern
Cape plants, is based on fig. 14 in Paterson’s Travels in Africa.
The stem is very thick and fleshy, with truncate branches sparsely
covered with spines and leaves, and is quite unlike the Albany
species.

The following specimens in the Kew Herbarium are considered to
represent the wild state of S. Vanderietiae and indicate its distri¬
bution :—Albany Div. : Fish River valley, Oct., Ecklon and Zeyher
Enum. 436; Dec., Schlechter 6114; April, Dyer 909; Bowker, without
no. Uitenhage Div. : Alexander Prior, without no. Graaff Reinet Div. :
March, Bolus in Herb. MacOwan 39 ; Middelburg Div. : Sneeuwberg
Mt. between Compas Berg and Rhenoster, Drege 7515a ; Cradock
Div. : Cooper 491; Somerset East Div. : Atherstone 21 ; 206;
Bowker, without no.

Sarcocaulonspinosum (Burm.f.) 0 . Kuntze. —Kunth,l.c., although
quoting in the synonymy of S. Burmanni (DC.) Sweet, the names
Geranium spinosum Burm. f. 3 and Monsonia Burmannii DC. 4 , retains
the latter specific epithet. This is incorrect according to the
International Rules since spinosum has priority.

Pelargonium ovale L'Her it. Geran. t. 28 (1788).—Harvey 5 quoted
this plate as a variety of P. ovale Harv. ((Geranium ovale Burm. f.).
Knuth 6 followed Harvey’s classification and ignored the fact that
L’Hgritier and not Harvey was the first to use the name P. ovale.
The plate of P. ovale L’Herit. is excellent in character and detail, and
with the accompanying dissections, validates the publication of the
name. If then, P. ovale Harv. is a distinct species, it is also a later
homonym of P. ovale L’H6rit., and according to the International
Rules, would require a new name. Harvey, after examining a
wealth of material and considering the figures and descriptions,
stated that he found it impossible to recognise more than one species.
His view was accepted by Knuth, l.c., who not only retained the
four varieties established by Harvey, but in addition recognised two
forms of the variety Dregei.

As constituted at the present time, the species P. ovale Harv. is
too heteromorphous for convenience, and it is considered more

’Burm. f. Spec. Geran. 16 (1759).

*DC. Prod. i. 638 (1824).

4 Harv. & Sond. FI Cap. i 291 (1860).

• Knuth in Engl. Pflanzenr. Geraniaceae, 416 (1912).

444

practical to resuscitate some of the species of earlier author which
are found in synonymy.

To facilitate the study of the flora of Albany and Bathurst, and
until such time as a more comprehensive investigation of this group
of plants is possible, it is here only necessary to deal decisively with
those found east of Van Staadens River, in the Port Elizabeth,
Uitenhage and Bathurst Divisions. All the plants in this area,
formerly referred to P. ovale (Burm. f.) Harv. var. ovatum Harv.,
agree very closely with P. ovale L’H6rit, the type of Harvey's
variety ovatum. As stated, P. ovale L’H&it. has priority over
Harvey’s combinations and L’H6ritier’s name is therefore retained
for the eastern Cape plants. They differ from the western Cape
forms in having a larger and comparatively regular purple corolla ;
calyx 15-20 mm. long; stipules lanceolate, about 15 mm. long,
shortly pubescent, or the margin glabrescent. The plants are
branched from a woody base, and the inflorescences are usually
over 30 cm. high ; the stems and leaves are covered with a long
greyish indumentum.

For the time being, however, in addition to the above change in
nomenclature, the Kew Herbarium material of P. ovale Harv. has
been subdivided provisionally by the recognition of P. eriostemon
Jacq. 7 [=P. ovale (Burm. f.) Harv.] P. blattarium Jacq*
[-P. ovale var. blattarium Harv.], and P. veronicifolium (Eckl. et
Zeyli.) Steud . 9 [=P. ovale var. veronicifolium Harv.]. The residue,

including P. ovale var. Dregei Harv., should probably be divided into
two species. Geranium ovatum Cav. 10 is possibly indistinguishable
specifically from one or other of the first two, but his figure has not
been matched exactly with herbarium specimens at Kew. Further
material of all forms with full field notes is required before a satis¬
factory revision can be written.

Pelargonium aridum R. A. Dyer, nom. nov.—P. dissectum (Eckl.
& Zeyh.) Harv,, l.c., non Sweet u . Sweet applied the name P .
dissectum to a garden hybrid, nevertheless, it invalidates the later
homonym.

Pelargonium (Peristera) parvirostre R. A . Dyer, sp. nov.;
affine P. grossularioidi (Linn.) Ait. sed foliis omnibus tripartitis,
segmentitis profunde pinnatifido-incisis, floribus minoribus, fructus
rostro multo breviore differ!.

Herba annua diffusa. Caules 30-50 cm. longa, 1*5-2 mm.
diametro, angulosi, tenuiter et breviter pubescentes, rubri, inter-
nodiis usque 6 cm. longis. Folia tripartita, segmentis profunde
pinnatifido-incisis, lobulis inciso-crenatis, usque 1*5 cm. longa,
2 cm. lata, cordata, utrinque glabra, margine pagina superiore

’Jacq. Hort. Schoenb. li. 4, t. 132 (1797).

« Jacq. l.c. li. 3, t. 131 (1797).

•Steud. Nom. ed. 2, ii. 291 (1841).

“ Cav. Diss. iv. 238, t. 103, f. 3 (1787).

11 Sweet Geran. iii. t. 247 (1825).

445

leviter incrassato; petioli breviter pubescentes vel glabrescentes,
foliorum basalium usque 6 cm. longi, superiorum breviores ;
stipulae amplexicaules, semiorbiculares vel late ovatae, obtusae.
Pedunculi 1-3-5 cm. longi, 3-8-flori; bracteae plerumque 6, ovatae
vel lanceolatae, acutae. Flores pedicellati, pedicellis gracilibus,
breviter glandulosis, usque 4 mm. longis calycis calcari excluso.
Calycis calcar pedicello multo latius, sepala versus sensim ampliatum,
glandulosum, 2-2-5 mm. longum; sepala ovata vel lanceolata,
3 mm. longa, extra glandulosa et pilis paucis brevibus instructa.
Petala 3 mm. longa, dilute rosea, 2 superiora ligulata, 3 inferiora
spathulata. Stamina fertilia 5, antesepala, sepalis breviora;
staminodia 5, antepetala, brevissima. Ovarium dense villosum.
Fructus rostro excluso subglobosus, 2-5-3 mm - longus, 3 mm.
diametro; rostrum 2-5-3-5 mm. longum, breviter puberulum ; semina
oblongo-obovata, plana, glabra.

Eastern Cape Province : Albany Division; near Grahams-
town, Sept., Schonland 370 (type). Bathurst Division ; near Port
Alfred, Sept., Burchell 3792 ; Trappes Valley, Dec., Daly 688. Port
Elizabeth Division ; Port Elizabeth, waste places, Holland.

This species is apparently endemic in the Eastern Cape Province
and for some time has been considered a form of P. grossularioides
(Linn.) Ait., but is distinguished from that in all the leaves being
tripartite, the smaller flowers, and the broad fruit with very short
rostrum.

Pelargonium (Ciconium) frutetorum R. A. Dyer, sp. nov.;
affine P. inquinanti Linn, et P. zonali Linn, ab illo foliis zonatis,
petalis salmoneis nec cruento-rubris, ab hoc petalis latioribus,
florum colore, sepalis oblongo-linearibus apice rotundatis vel
breviter apiculatis, foliis mollius pubescentibus lobis crenatis
differt.

Planta suffrutescens, sparse ramosa, ramis plus minusve scanden-
tibus, usque 1-25 m. alta. Caules teretes, 5-7 mm. crassi, camosulo-
sublignosi, pubescentes. Folia orbiculata vel reniformi-orbiculata,
basi cordata, 5-lobata, lobis crenatis vel crenato-dentatis, usque 5 cm.
longa, 4-7-5 cm. lata, vix camosula, zonata, utrinque indumento molli
satis induta; stipulae latae vel latissime ovatae, 11-18 mm. longae,
9-13mm. latae, abrupte acuminatae, mox membranaceae. Pedunculi
8-20 cm. longi, pubescentes, pilis glandulosis longis instructi, usque
12-flori; bracteae plerumque 6, stipulis similes sed multo minores.
Flores pedicellati, pedicellis 3*5-5-5 cm. longis, calycis calcare tenui
3‘3 _ 4'7 cm - longo eis adnato, pills brevibus glandulosis et perpaucis
longioribus eglandulosis omatis. Sepala oblongo-linearia, 6-8 mm,
longa, circiter 1*5 mm. lata, apice obtusa vel breviter apiculata,
extra pilosa. Petala subaequalia, obovata vel obovato-cuneata,
apice rotundata, 3 inferiora usque 20 mm. longa, 10 mm. lata, extra
rosea dilutissima, intus salmoneo-rosea, 2 superiora saturatius
colorata. Stamina fertilia 7,5 antesepala calyci fere aequilonga,

446

2 posteriora, antepetala, breviora. Ovarium dense villosum.
Fructus fere 3 cm. longus, rostro pilis patulis aibidis hirsuto.

Eastern Cape Province : Bathurst Division; in the coastal
bush between the Kasouga and Kowie Rivers, Oct., Burchett 4029,
4090 (type); Britten 689. Alexandria Division; in bush at
Bushmans River mouth, occasional, May, Galpin 10,664.

This species assumes a scrambling habit in its native habitat,
but in cultivation at Kew it shows a more compact growth and an
intensification of the zonal leaf-marking. A cultivated plant is
being figured in the forthcoming part of Hooker’s leones Plantarum.

Pelargonium (Ciconium) salmoneum R. A. Dyer, sp. nov.;
affine P. zonah Linn, sed foliis haud zonatis magis camosulis saepe
subglaucis, petalis maioribus truncato-obtusis roseo-salmoneis,
2 superioribus rubrinerviis, staminibus fertilibus tantum 5 differt.

Planta suffrutescens, sparse ramosa, ramis plus minusve erectis,
florifera usque 80 cm. alta. Caules teretes, 4-5 mm. crassi,
camosulo-sublignosi, breviter pubescentes. Folia semi-orbiculata
vel reniformia, basi magis minusve cordata, obscure 5-lobata, lobis
grosse crenatis, crenis saepe crenulatis et interdum apiculatis, usque
4*5 cm. longa, 5 cm. lata, camosula,haud zonata.utrinque minutissime
glanduloso-scaberula et praeterea pilis longioribus eglandulosis
sparsis apicem versus porrectis munita, undique viridia vel subglauca;
stipulae lanceolatae vel late ovatae, 5-13 mm. longae, 4-7 mm.
latae, mox membranaceae. Peduncuti 5-14 cm. longi, tenuiter et
breviter pubescentes, 4-14 flori; bracteae plerumque 6, stipulis
similes sed minores, mox deciduae. Flores pedicellati, pedicellis
2-8-3 cm. longis, calycis calcari usque 2-5 cm. longo eis adnato, pilis
brevibus glandulosis omatis. Sepala lanceolata vel oblongo-
lanceolata, acuta, 10-12 mm. longa. Petala subaequalia, 2 superiora
leviter angustiora, obovato-cuneata, subtruncata, 2-3-2-5 cm. longa,
1-1*4 cm - roseo-salmonea. Stamina fertilia 5, antesepala,
sepalis subaequilonga; staminodia antepetala, multo breviora.
Ovarium dense villosum. Fructus 4-4-5 cm. longus, rostro pilis
patulis aibidis hirsuto.

Eastern Cape Province. Origin unknown. During the
Director’s official tour in the Union of South Africa, 1930-31, he
noticed this species growing in Port Elizabeth on the municipal
rockeries under the charge of Mr. F. R. Long. Up to the present
time no definite information is available as to its wild habitat;
however, owing to its large, beautiful, salmon-pink flowers, it is a very
desirable species for cultivation. The plant described was brought
to Kew in 1931 by Miss Hill, and a specimen has been preserved in
the Herbarium under number P. 104.

Araliaceae.

Seemannaralia Viguier in Ann. Sci. Nat. ser. 9, iv. 116 (1906),
descr. ampl.; affine Cussomae Thunb. et Panace Linn., ab ilia foliis
simplicibus, seminibus haud ruminatis, ab hoc pedicello cum ovario

447

continuo, ab ambobus fructu lateraliter multo compresso mem-
branaceo, petalis leviter imbricatis differ!.

Calyx brevissime 5-dentatus. Petala 5, leviter imbricata.
Ovarium 2-loculare, compressum ; styli 2, divaricati, persistentes.
Fructus lateraliter compressus, obovatus, membranaceous, longi-
tudinaliter costatus. Arbuscula vel arbor usque 18 m. alta. Folia
palmatifida, basi cordata, lobis deltoideis acuminatis inaequaliter
glanduloso-dentatis vel serratis, 5-nervia. Flores umbellati, umbellis
pedunculatis racemosis vel racemosim paniculatis, pedicello cum
ovario continuo.

Species 1, endemic in forests of eastern South Africa.

Seemannaralia Gerrardii (Seem.) Viguier, l.c. 118.

Arbuscula vel arbor usque 18 m. alta, 20-40 cm. diametro, cortice
cinereo. Foha 7-15 cm. longa et lata, palmatifida, basi cordata,

5- lobata, lobis deltoideis acutis vel acuminatis inaequaliter glandu¬
loso-dentatis vel serratis, palmatim 5-nervata, subtus in axillis
nervorum ad basin laminae plerumque barbato-tomentella, petiolo

6- 12 cm. longo. Racemi axillares vel terminates, bracteis deltoideis,
umbellis multifloris, bracteolis minutis, pedicello leviter 1 cm. longo
cu m ovario continuo. Calyx brevissime 5-dentatus, dentibus late
deltoideo-ovatis. Petala 5, ovata, leviter imbricata, 2 mm. longa.
Ovarium 2-loculare, compressum, costatum, glabrum; styli 2,
divaricati, demum recurvi, persistentes. Fructus lateraliter com¬
pressus, late obovato-oblongus, membranaceus, 9-10 mm. longus,

7- 8 mm. latus, longitudinaliter plerumque 5-costatus; semen 1,
planum compressum.— Cussonia Gerrardii Seem. Joum. Bot. iv. 298
(1866); Benth. & Hook. f. Gen. PI. i. 945 (1867); Seem. Rev.
Hederaceae 74 (1868) ; Oliv. in Hook. Ic. Plant, t. 1454 (1884);
Harms in Engl. & Prantl. Nat. Pflanzenf. iii. Abt. 8, 54 (1898) ;
Wood, Revised List FI. Natal, 162 (1908). Burtt Davy in Kew
Bull. 1908,149 ; Thonner, Die Blutenpfl. Afr. Nachtr. u. Verbesser.
61 (1913); FI. Pits. S. Afr. (1915); Engl. Pflanzenwelt Afr. 784
(1921); Burtt Davy, FI. PI. Transvaal, ii. 514 (1932). Panax
Gerrardi Harv. Gen. S. Afr. PL ed. 2,147 (1868); Wood, Hand-book
FI. Natal, 57 (1907); Revised List, 162 (1908); Sim, FI. Trees &
Shrubs in S. Afr. 180 (1919); Native Trees of S. Afr. 95 (1921);
Bews, FI. Natal & Zul. 150 (1921); Marloth, FI. S. Afr. ii. pt. 2. 234
(1925); Phillips Gen. S. Afr. FI. PI. 444 (1926).

Pondoland : Port St. Johns, Boshoff in Herb. S. Afr. Forestry
5289 ; Flagstaff, Isililo forest, March, Miller in Herb. S . Af. Forestry
4080. Natal: Alexandra District, near Dumisa, 2400-3000 ft.,
April, Rudatis 909; 997; 1660; near Durban Ismont, Gerrard
1264; Wood 1879 ; near Pietermaritzburg, June, Henkel & Bayer ,
without no. Zululand : Qudeni forest, Fernando in Herb. S. Af.
Forestry 1449.

A specimen consisting of a leafy twig collected by Rehmann
(6785) in the Transvaal (without locality) shows a strong likeness to
this species and it would be of interest to obtain complete material.

448

The systematic position of SeemannaraUa Genardii has been the
subject of divergent views almost since it was first collected by
Gerrard. In 1866 Seemann, l.c., described it under the name
Cussonia Genardii, and two years later Harvey, l.c., who had
evidently not seen Seemann's work, described duplicate material
as Panax Gerrardi. Later, when Oliver figured it as a Cussonia in
Hook. Ic. PI. t. 1454 (1884), he added the following qualification,
“ I think a very doubtful member of the genus Cussonia." Sim, in
his Native Trees of S. Afr. 95 (1921), cites it as a Panax but adds,
" Panax is now divided up, and this is no longer a Panax, nor is it a
Cussonia, so its generic place is not clear."

Recent authors have apparently overlooked the work of R.
Viguier on the classification of the Araliaceae, which was mainly
concerned with the anatomy of the family. In the Ann. Sci. Nat.
(igo6) he established several new genera, amongst them, Seemanna-
ralia, founded on Cussonia Genardii Seem. This was reduced again
to Cussonia by Thonner, Die Blutenpfl. Afr. Nachtr. u. Verbesser
61 (1913). An independent study of more complete material has
confirmed Viguier’s view and an amplified description is given
above with frill synonymy.

Ericaceae.

Erica (Elytrostegia) orientalis R. A. Dyer, sp. nov. ; affinis
E. glumiflorae Klotzsch sed corolla suburceolata quam calyce
longiore, sepalis obovatis scariosis et inflorescentia laxiore differt.

Caules 20-60 cm. alti, ramis et ramulis pubescentibus, ramulis
lateralibus 1-1-5 cm. longis. Folia tematim verticillata, 6-7 mm.
longa, linearia, erecta, supra plana, subtus sulcata, glabra vel juniora
minute ciliata, petiolis brevibus. Flores ad apices ramorum brevium
3-nati. Pedicelli 2-3 mm. longi, pubescentes, bracteis obovatis
calyci similibus sed brevioribus imbricatis. Calyx 3 mm. longus,
segmcntis obovatis carinatis ciliatis scariosis. Corolla 4-5 mm. longa,
suburceolata, lobis brevibus non recurvis. Antherae exsertae,
caudis instructae. Ovarium glabrum; stylus exsertus; stigma
subpeltatum.

Eastern Cape Province : Bathurst Division ; Trappes Valley,
near a vlei, shrublet, flower white, Dec., Dyer 2278 (type) ; Klein-
mond, July, White 51. Albany Division ; Alicedale, Sept., Cruden
82. Stutterheim Division; Fort Cunningham, in very limited
area, Sim 1895. Note :—the flowers of the last two specimens are
smaller than in the type, but are otherwise equal. A specimen in
the Kew Herbarium collected by Alexander Prior, without exact
locality, seems intermediate between E. glumiflora and E. orientalis .

Myrsinaceae-Celastraceae.

Myrsine Gerrardli Haro. —Harvey, ex C. H. Wright in Dyer, FI.
Cap. iv. pt. 1, 436 (1909), founded this species on somewhat incom¬
plete material, Genard 1157 in part. A comparison of his type with

449

Ecklon and Zeyher Enum. 972 (1835), the type number of Cassine
eucleiformis (Eckl. et Zeyh.) 0 . Kuntze, in the Kew Herbarium,
shows the two plants to be the same species. Myrsine Gerrardii
Harv., therefore becomes a synonym of Cassine eucleiformis (Eckl.
et Zeyh.) 0 . Kuntze.

It is interesting to note that a duplicate of Gerrard 1157 is referred
to the latter species by Davison in Bothalia, ii. i, 327 (1927).
Davison, l.c., cites in synonymy Celastrus filifolius Thunb., a specific
epithet which dates from Linn. f. Suppl. 153 (1781), based on one of
Thunberg’s specimens. If the two plants were actually conspecific,
the latter name would have priority. However, in Thunb. FI. Cap.
ed. Schultes, 217 (1823), the description includes the phrase “folia
opposita,” whereas Cassine eucleiformis has alternate leaves. Sonder,
in Harv. & Sond. FI. Cap. i. 470 (i860), also dissociates the two
species.

LVI.—ON THE FLORA OF THE NEARER EAST: XIII.*

Miscellaneous New Records and Extensions of Known
Distributions. W. B. Turrill.

Linum virgultorum Boiss. et Heldr .—a species new to Europe.

This annual species of flax with capitate stigmata and glandular,
3-nerved sepals was described by Boissier and Heldreich in Boiss.
Diagn. ser. 1, viii. 105 (1849) from material collected by the latter
author “ in herbidis inter frutices faucis supra Tsimbouckkan
Pamphyliae sitae (Heldr. Maio. 1845).” Two sheets of Heldreich’s
are in the Kew Herbarium.

Mr. L. C. Pinatzi has sent three plants, collected by himself on
Mt. Corydalus, Attica, which must be considered as rather small,
few-flowered, representatives of L . virgultorum. In an accompanying
letter he informed the writer that “ l'aire de distribution de ce
Linum, sur la colline en question est plutdt restreinte, occupy par un
terrain calcaire sec couvert de quelques arbrisseaux de Pinus
Halepensis. Le sol lui m@me est courvert d'une couche rare de
phrygana, formation habituelle de l’Attique.” In addition to
providing yet another example of trans-Aegean floristic connection,
the discovery of this species, whose known distribution is extremely
limited in Asia Minor, on a hill about 5 km. west of Athens indicates
how much botanical exploration remains to be done even in relatively
well-known areas in the Nearer East.

Arenaria oxypetala 5 . et S. and allied species.

In the Florae Gaecae Prodromus i. 303 (1806) Sibthorp and
Smith published the species Arenaria oyxpetala based on material
collected by Sibthorp " in agro Eliensi." The description is to be
associated with the figure afterwards published in Flora Graeca,
t. 437 (1825). No record has been found of the species having been
collected since Sibthorp’s time on the mainland of Greece, Mr. L.

♦Continued from K£. 1932, 250. ~~

450

Pinatzi of Athens has, however, forwarded specimens, collected by
himself on Mt. Pames, Attica, in April, 1930, with both flowers and
fruits, which certainly belong to this species. Various specimens
from other countries of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin have been
referred to A. oxypetala and an extended investigation has shown that
there are a number of morphologically ill-defined species which must
be considered in any attempts to trace the geographical distribution
of A. oxypetala .

Apparently the earliest binomial for any member of the group of
species here considered is Arenaria graveolens Schreb. in Nov. Act.
Nat. Cur. iii. 478 (1767). The habitat is given as “ in Oriente/’ and
" Alsine graveolens saxatilis & vema, foliis lanceolatis. Toum.
cor. 17." is cited as a synonym. The description is a fairly complete
one but it is difficult to know exactly what value to give to certain of
the terms used. By use of the symbol O Schreber describes the
plant as annual, while Boissier, Halacsy, Hayek, and other authors
describe it as perennial and even use this as a key character for the
separation (inter alia) of A. graveolens from A. oxypetala. Comparing
the original description of A. graveolens with that of A. oxypetala in
the Flora Graeca the only differences, apart from slight differences in
measurements and relative lengths, are the acute leaves and “ calyx ”
of A. oxypetala and the acuminate leaves and “calyx" of A.
graveolens. Relative, however, to material assigned by later authors
to A. graveolens the sepals of Sibthorp’s type material otA. oxypetala ,
kindly loaned by the Sherardian Professor of Botany, Oxford, are
decidedly acuminate as that term is now generally applied. We are
thus in a dilemma, since Schreber’s description of A. graveolens (of
which the original material has not been seen) applies better to
Sibthorp’s material than Sibthorp’s own description under the name
A. oxypetala !

The Cretan material referred to A. oxypetala (by Halacsy, Consp.
Flor. Graec. i. 232-23 : 1900, and others) and also Sieber’s specimen
in the Kew Herbarium sub. nom. Arenaria muralis (reduced by
Hal&csy and others to A. graveolens ) differs from the Greek material
of A. oxypetala (Sibthorp, Pinatzi) in having acute not acuminate
sepals. The earliest name for the Cretan plants is Stellaria muralis
(Link, Enum. i. 429:1821), transferred to Arenaria as A. muralis
Sieb. ex Spreng. Syst, ii. 397 (1825). This species, as indicated by
Link, is normally an annual.

For the allied perennial species distributed from Asia Minor
(and the near-lying islands) to Syria, Palestine, and Sinai the earliest
name appears to be A. pubescens d’Urv. in M6m. Soc. Linn. Par. i. 306
(1822) from Cos (Coum). A synonym of A. pubescens is A. deflexa
Decne. in Ann. Sci. Nat. s6r. 2, iii. 277 (1835), from Sinai, Bovd 176,
177.

Arenaria rhodia Boiss. Diagn. ser. 1, i. 52 (1842) from Rhodes
(Auch.-Eloy No. 575), described as an annual, is scarcely distin¬
guishable from the Cretan A. muralis except by the slightly larger

45 *

flowers and fruiting calyces. A. cypria Holmboe (Stud. Veg.
Cyprus, 68, fig. 16 :1914) can be best placed under A. rhodia.

Arenaria pamphylica Boiss. et Heldr. Diagn. ser. 1, viii. 102
(1849) is a relatively well distinguished species on account of the
foliaceous bracts. A specimen from Cyprus (ad rapes pr. Kantara,
2.5.1880, Sintenis et Rigo 233, in Herb. Kew.) appears to be this
species, though the number is quoted by Holmboe, l.c., under A.
oxypetala S. et S.

Of the varieties included by Boissier under A. graveolens (Flor.
Or. i. 701:186 j), grandiflora is probably a distinct species, glabrescens
{A. sipylea Boiss.) has not been seen, graeca is a distinct species (A.
graeca Hal.) and athoa is also a distinct species which must bear the
name A. filicaulis Fenzl.

The species closely allied to A. oxypetala and here considered can
be distinguished as follows :—

Bracts foliaceous, plant annual: A . pamphylica (Asia Minor,
Cyprus).

Bracts not foliaceous, subulate or shortly triangular

Sepals acuminate. A. oxypetala (Greece).

Sepals acute

Plant perennial. A. pubescens (Asia Minor south to Sinai).

Plant annual

Sepals 3-3*5 mm. long. A. muralis (Crete).

Sepals 4-4*5 mm. long. A. rhodia (Rhodes, Cyprus).

To which, if any, of these microspecies the name A. graveolens
Schreb. should be applied and whether it would be better to consider
them as varieties or subspecies of one species to which the name A.
graveolens could be applied cannot be decided with the material at
present available.

Cornucopiae cucullatum L. in Greece.

The monotypic genus Cornucopiae, with its strange, scarcely
grass-like inflorescence, is widely distributed in the extra-European
parts of the Nearer East. Specimens at Kew show that its range
includes much of Asia Minor from the western sea-board east to
Kurdistan, Syria, Palestine, and Iraq. Mr. Pinatzi has sent speci¬
mens to Kew, collected by himself in the Athens district, Kallithea,
“ dans les vergers, rare,” April 1932. While this grass may have
been recently introduced into Greece it is of interest to note that it is
common in the Smyrna district on the opposite Aegean coast and
that Sibthorp recorded it from Patinos (see Shaw and Turrill in Kew.
Bull. 1926, 122).

Trifolium leucanthum M. Bieb. Flor Taur. Cauc. ii. 214 (1808).

This species has a rather wide distribution in the Mediterranean
Basin, and in the Balkan Peninsula is recorded from Thessaly, N.
Macedonia, Thrace, N. and S. Bulgaria, Rodope Massif, Serbia,
Hercegovina, and Dalmatia. The var. declinatum Boiss. is known
from Mt. Oeta Phthiotidis (Sprun.). Material collected by Mr.

452

Pinatzi on Mt. Paraes, Attica, " pr. loc. Vountima dictum—dans le
maquis,” in May, 1931, extends the known range of the species
southwards in the Balkan Peninsula.

Scorpiurus muricata L. var. laevigata (S. et S. pro sp.) Boiss.,
known previously from Crete, near Canea, and the Greek Archipelago,
has been collected by Mr. Pinatzi " in arvis pr. Gortynam,” Crete,
30.4.1932.

Campanulata spathulata S. et S. var. Giuseppii Milne-Redhead
et Turrill.

Radix tuberoso-incrassata, infeme dichotoma. Caulis tenuis,
fiaccidus, ramosus, prostratus vel pendulus, circiter quinqueflorus,
20-25 cm. longus, basem versus sparissime hirsutus. Folia caulina
inferiora elliptica, apice obtusa, infeme in petiolum usque ad 2-5 cm.
longum, angustata, margine obscure crenata, lamina usque ad 2 cm.
longa et 1-3 cm. lata, phis paucis dispersis in pagina superiora et in
petioli basi instructa ; superiora gradatim angustiora et parviora fere
sessilia. Sepala patula vel leviter deflexa, linearia, acuta, 8-9 mm.
longa, 1 mm. lata, margine fere integra sed cum hydathodis 2-4
instructa. Corolla infundibuliformis, 1 *6-1*7 cm. longa, lobis patulis
vel leviter reflexis 0*9-1 cm. longis, 0*5 cm. latis oblongo-lanceolatis.

The above description has been drawn up from a living specimen
grown by Dr. Giuseppi at Trevose, Felixstow, from a plant which he
informs us he collected on Mt. Chelmos in Greece. Haldcsy (Consp.
Flor. Graec. ii. 268-9 : 1902) records the species, as C. Sibthorpiana
Hal. (= C. spatlndata S. et S. non. W. et K.), but Giuseppi's plant
differs from all the material of the species we have seen in the
spreading, or even slightly reflexed, sepals and corolla lobes. The
habit is rather that of die var. filicaulis (Hal.) than of the type except
that the stems are branched and more floriferous. The colour of the
corolla-lobes has been matched with " Amparo Purple ” (Ridgeway,
t. xi.).

Plants from Sithonia (Longos) Peninsula, Greek Macedonia.

The Khalkidike Peninsula, to the south-east of Salonika is
divided by two deep bays, on its south-eastern sea-board, into three
relatively long and narrow peninsulas, those of Kassandra, Sithonia
(more often in western European maps named Longos), and Athos.
Of these the last is by far the most famous, and the highest, and has
been most visited by botanical collectors. Indeed, Kassandra,
except the northern part, and Sithonia are botanically unknown or
almost unknown territories. A small collection of plants made by
the Hon, H. G. Chick, H.M. Consul-General at Salonika, has, there¬
fore, considerable interest phytogeographically, since it is of sufficient
size to indicate that the flora is essentially of a Mediterranean type
and rather more characteristically so than the parts of Macedonia
to the west and north of Salonika. The specimens were collected
early in May of this year mainly near Neos Marmaras, between this

453

place and Parthenon, around Toroni, and inland from the Koufo
Inlet. The first two localities are on the west side of Sithonia, about
the middle of the peninsula, and the last two on the west side near the
southern end.

The following are represented in the collection: Anemone
hortensis L. (intermediate between var. fulgens Hayek and var.
stellata Gren. et Godr., near to the former), Malcolmia flexuosa
S. et S., Cistus monspeliensis L., C. salviifolius L., Helianthemum
guttatum (L.) Mill. var. plantagineum (Willd.), H. ovatum (Viv.)
Dun. (probably a stunted form of var. hirsutum (Thuill.) sensu
Hayek), Tamarix parviflora DC., Silene subconica Friv., 5 . vulgaris
Garcke, Linum angustifolium Huds., Erodium cicutarium L’Her.,
Astragalus macedonicus Heldr. et Char., Hymenocarpus circinnatus
(L.) Savi, Melilotus neapolitanus Ten., Vida dasycarpa Ten.,
Bupleurum junceum L. (forma depauperatata ), Tordylium apulum L.,
Chrysanthemum segetum L., Crepis neglecta L. var. graeca Vierh.,
Senecio vernalis W. et K., Campanula phrygia Jaub. et Spach.,
Arbutus Unedo L., Erica arborea L., Alkanna tinctoria (L.) Tausch.,
Echium plantagineum L., Linaria pelisseriana Mill., Lavandula
Stoechas L., Prasium majus L., Euphorbia veneta Willd., Muscari
comosum Mill,, Orchis morio L., Serapias vomeracea Briq., Vuipia
bromoides S. F. Gray.

Muscari Charrelii Hal. et Nadji.—I am unable to distinguish
M. Charrelii as a species distinct from M. comosum Mill. The name
was first published as a nomen nudum (Hal&csy ex Rouy in Bull. Soc.
Bot. Fr. xxxviii. 135 :1891). Later Haldcsy and Nadji Effendi
(Charrel), in Nadji Effendi, Empire Ottoman Geographie Botanique,
42 (1892), published a short description in French. Neither with
the aid of this description nor with that provided by the four sheets
at Kew collected by Nadji, can I find any characters to separate the
Macedonian plants from M. comosum Mill.

LXII.—A NEW BERBERIS FROM CHILE AND
ARGENTINA. T. A. Sprague.

The genus Berberis is well represented in the South American
Andes, especially in Chile and Argentina, 27 species being recognized
from these two countries alone in Dr. C. K. Schneider's revision of
the genus (Bull. Herb. Boiss. s6r. 2, v. 822 : 1905). Perhaps the
most remarkable species yet known from South America is B.
Comberi (Kew Bull. 1927, 175) which, as regards its vegetative
characters, is among the least specialized, spine-leaves being com¬
pletely absent, whereas its pentamerous flowers with superposed
whorls represent a maximum of floral modification. B. Comberi was
discovered at Cerro Lotena, Argentina, by Mr. H. F. Comber, who
saw it also on the road from Zapala to Chos Malal, and between
Malala and San Martin, in all three places near to oil drillings and
prospectings. Mr. Comber informs us that “ one of the peculiarities
of Berberis Ccmberi was the way in which the seeds were stuck

454

together in a round ball, the segments like pieces of an orange," and
that the species was raised from seeds, and is still in cultivation at
Nymans and Wakehurst, though not growing very well owing to the
wet winters. He collected fine herbarium material as well as seeds
of various other species of Berberis in Argentina. Among these was
his no. 415 from Pulmari which was assigned provisionally to B.
montana C. Gay (1 vide H. F. Comber, Andes Exped. 21:1928).
Plants of this and of no. 415a were raised in this country, where
they have proved to be hardy. Flowering specimens of no. 415a
were exhibited at the Chelsea Show of the Royal Horticultural
Society in May 1932, and it was then noticed that this number
differed in several respects from typical B. montana, which had also
been raised from seed of no. 798 brought back by Mr. Comber.
Specimens were submitted to the writer for identification, and the
plant was found to differ sufficiently from B. montana to be treated
as a separate species. The leaves and flowers are considerably
smaller than in B. montana, and the stamens are nearly as long as
the petals instead of being at most two-thirds of their length as in
that species. Perhaps the most important distinction, however, lies
in the inflorescence, which is fasciculate or umbellate in B. montana ,
whereas in the new species the flowers are solitary on the short shoots.

Mr. Comber’s no. 415a agrees essentially with a specimen in the
Kew Herbarium, collected in the Cordillera de Chilian by Ph.
Germain in 1856 or 1857 an d named “ B. montana var. chillanensis
C. K. Schneider " by Dr. Schneider in 1906. This specimen is not,
however, the actual type of var. chillanensis, which is preserved in
the Natural History Museum at Vienna (Bull. Herb. Boiss. s6r. 2,
v. 395 :1905), but there is no reason to doubt the correctness of the
identification.

The new species, Berberis chillanensis , described below, is based :
(1) on the above-mentioned specimen at Kew collected by Ph.
Germain on the Cordillera de Chilian; (2) on fresh cultivated
material of H. F. Comber’s no. 415a, received from Mr. James
Comber, Gardener to Lt.-Col. L. C. R, Messel, Nymans, Handcross,
Sussex.

Berberis chillanensis Sprague ex Bean in New Flora & Sylva,
v. 50, fig. 16 (1932), anglice, sp. nov. ; affinis B. montanae C.
Gay, a qua foliis floribusque minoribus, floribus singulis, staminibus
petala subaequantibus recedit.

Frutex 1-2*5 m * altus. Rami subangulati, 3-5-4 mm. diametro
20 cm. infra apicem, cortice cinereo vel cinereo-fusco minute pilosulo
longitudinaliter fisso obtecti; spinae simplices, vel trifidae ramis
lateralibus patentibus, 4-8 mm. longae, tenues ; ramuli ascendentes,
dense minute pilosuli, cinereo-fusci; ramulorum spinae simplices, e
basi ovato-deltoidea attenuatae, rectae vel apicem versus leviter
recurvae, 3-6 mm. longae; ramuli abbreviati in axillis spinarum singuli
vel bini, folia 4-8 (plerumque 5-6) gerentes. Folia brevissime petiolata,
petiolo sub anthesi 0*3-0 *6 mm. longo, sub fructu circiter 1 mm.

455

longo, anguste obovata, rhomboideo-obovata vel oblanceolata, sub
anthesi 4-10 mm. longa, 2-5 mm. lata, sub fructu ad 1-5 cm. longa
et 7*5 mm. lata, apice obtusa rotundata vel apiculata, infeme in
petiolum sensim angustata, herbacea, anguste hyalino-marginata,
supeme vel apicem versus minute papillato-ciliolata, ceterum
glabra, trinervia nervis lateralibus costae parallelis ad vel ultra •§
procurrentibus ibique cum venulis anastomosantibus, nervis et
venulis translucentibus, supra satis pallide viridia, venis incon-
spicuis, subtus pallidiora. Flores singuli in ramulis abbreviatis,
expansi ad 1-5 cm. diametro ; pedunculi 5-10 mm. longi. Sefiala
lutea, 3-seriata: extima ovato-oblonga vel oblonga, 2*5-5-5 mm.
longa, 1-2-5 mm. lata, apice nonnunquam leviter bifida ; intermedia
elliptico-oblonga, 7-8 mm. longa, 3*5-4 mm. lata, apice breviter
bifida lobis rotundatis; intima late obovata, 8-10 mm. longa,
5-6 mm. lata, vix unguiculata. Petala pallide aurantiaca, e basi
horizontali erecta, suborbiculari-elliptica, 5-5*5 mm. longa, 4 mm.
lata, truncata vel retusa; nectaria allantoidea, 0*6-0*7 mm - longa.
Stamina petalis paullulo breviora, 4*5 mm. longa, filamentis antheras
aequantibus. PistiUum lageniforme, 4-4*5 mm. longum; stigma
1*2 mm. diametro; ovula 5-12. Bacca limoniformis, in sicco 6 mm.
longa, stylo cum stigmate 1*5 mm. longo.— B. montana var. chillan-
ensis C. K. Schneider in Bull. Herb. Boiss. s6r. 2, v. 395 (1905), fide
specimine authenticate in Herbario Kewensi.

Chile. Cordillera de Chilian, ann. 1856 et 1857, Pk Germain
(typus in Herb. Kew.).

Argentina. Bano de Palau Mahida, 1800 m., fl. Jan. 16,
1926, H. F. Comber 415a (fide H. F. Comber, Andes Exped. 21:1928).

Mr. Comber’s nos. 479 (fl.) and 415 (fr.) have solitary flowers and
agree on the whole with B. chillanensis, but have distinctly larger
leaves and flowers, intermediate in size between those of chillanensis
and montana. The branchlets, however, are more strongly hirsute
than in chillanensis , and the peduncles are shortly but densely
hirsute. It is therefore convenient to treat these numbers as repre¬
senting a distinct variety of B . chillanensis.

Berberis chillanensis var. hirsutipes Sprague ex Bean in New
Flora & Sylva, v. 50 (1932), anglice, var. nov,; a typo pedunculis
breviter at densiuscule hirsutuhs differt; ramuli dense breviter
hirsuti; folia ad 1-2 cm. longa.

Argentina. Suangulo, 1950 m., fl. Jan. 16,1926, H. F. Comber
479 (typus in Herb. Kew.); Pulmari (Queseria), 1050 m., fr. Jan. 16,
1926, H. F. Comber 4x5.

The precise inter-relationships of the Andean species of Berberis,
and the question as to "rthat extent the numerous perplexing forms
are due to hybridization or other causes, axe problems which can be
elucidated only with the aid of extensive special studies in the field.
In the meantime it is necessary to have descriptions and names for

456

the plants actually in cultivation, whatever the status which may
ultimately be assigned to them.

Mr. H. F. Comber informs us that in his opinion his nos. 415,
415a, 479 and 798 are all well-connected varieties of Berberis
montana. He considers that this species, as he found it in the Andes,
is a variable plant best distinguished from B. buxifolia —to which
Reiche in the Flora de Chile united it—by the usually larger flowers,
two, three or four in a fascicle or corymb, rarely solitary on the short
shoots, the less prominent, brown (when mature) spines slightly but
characteristically recurved, and by the fruits being lemon-shaped,
not flattened-globose (orange-shaped), as in B. buxifolia. He
regards his no. 415a as a dwarf mountain form, and nos. 415 and 479
as more or less intermediate forms.

The writer agrees that “ Berberis montana " as circumscribed by
Schneider is a natural group, but prefers, for reasons of convenience,
to treat it for the present as including two species, B. montana ,
sensu stricto, and B. chittanensis, until it can be shown that the
actual range of variation covers both extremes. Gay’s description
of his B. montana mentions that the leaves may reach two inches in
length, and that the flowers are either solitary or several together
on the short shoots, so that he evidently took the species in a wide
sense. Schneider (Bull. Herb. Boiss. sdr. 2, v. 295) was apparently
the first to segregate varieties, and he selected as type a plant with
glabrous branchlets and fascicled or corymbose flowers, represented
by Lechler’s no. 1990 from the Cordillera de Ranco. This then may
be accepted as the lectotype of the name Berberis montana.

LXIIL—THE GENUS MARISCOPSIS. F. Ballard.

The monotypic genus Mariscopsis was described by M. H.
Chermezon in 1919 (Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. xxv. 60: 1919) from
specimens collected in Madagascar and Zanzibar. It was based on
M. suaveolens Cherm., which was published as a new species. Later,
in 1926, R. E. Vaughan collected further material of the species
in Mauritius. From the fact that it has appeared only spasmodically
and at rare intervals in these islands it was felt that the plant might
be an alien weed, imported in some way from the Indian or African
mainland. India, as a source, seemed more probable and a search
made in certain likely genera of the Eucypereae revealed that it was
identical with Pycreus hyalinus (Vahl) Domin. In the Flora of
British India it appears as Pycreus pumilus Nees.

The question to be settled, therefore, is whether to retain
Mariscopsis as a genus or to leave the plant in the germs Pycreus.
The sole reason for retaining it in Pycreus seems to lie in the posses¬
sion of a biconvex nut, since it cannot be said to resemble in general
facies any known species of Pycreus. It is generally admitted that
the genera of the tribe Eucypereae are to a large extent artificial but
that they serve as convenient groups. This being so, Mariscopsis
has as much right to generic segregation as any other genus of the

457

tribe. On purely technical characters our plant falls into none of
the genera possessing two styles and a biconvex nut. From Pycreus
it differs in possessing a deciduous rhachilla, the spikelets falling
entire. Juncellus possesses a dorsally compressed nut, whereas the
fruit of our species is compressed laterally. Its natural position is
probably near Kyllinga, in which the spikelets of some species
resemble closely those of Mariscopsis. It differs, however, in the
open umbellate inflorescence, that of Kyllinga being densely capitate.

The synonymy of our plant is of interest and an account of it
by W. B. Turrill will be found in Kew Bull. 1922, 122, where
Pycreus pumilus Nees is given as a synonym. Actually, this
combination was made by Nees as the result of a wrong identification.
We know from his determination of a Wight specimen that our plant
was identified by him with Cyperus pumilus L. and when transferring
a number of species of Cyperus to Pycreus, a new combination,
Pycreus pumilus Nees was made for it. Since true Cyperus pumilus
L. is also a Pycreus, Nees’ combination, under the present Rules,
must be retained for it, while another specific epithet must be found
for the plant misidentified by Nees. The earliest name for it appears
to be Cyperus hyalinus Vahl and, transferring it to Chermezon’s
genus, it becomes Mariscopsis hyalinus {Vahl) Ballard, comb. nov.

The synonymy is as follows :— Cyperus hyalinus Vahl, Enum. ii.
329 (1806). C. pumilus Nees in Wight, Contrib. 74 (1834) excl. syn.,
non L. Pycreus pumilus Nees in Linnaea, ix. 238 (1834), quoad
specim., excl. syn. P. hyalinus Domin in Bibl. Bot. lxxxv. 417
(1915). Mariscopsis suaveolens Cherm. in Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. xxv.
60 (1919).

E. G. Camus in Lecomte, FI. Indo-Chine, 32, records our species
from Annam and Cochin-China (as P. pumilus Nees) and while his
description seems to fit quite well, the illustration given of a spikelet
undoubtedly refers to another species. It probably portrays the
Linnaean Cyperus pumilus {Pycreus pumilus Nees) which is included
in the same work under P. nitens Nees. There are no specimens of
Mariscopsis in the Kew Herbarium from Indo-China.

According to C. B. Clarke in the Flora of Tropical Africa, viii.,
Mariscopsis hyalinus has been collected in Mozambique and Timor,
although no specimens from the African mainland or from Malaya
are now to be found at Kew.

An interesting feature of the plant which appears to have
escaped the attention of botanical writers is the possession by it,
at least when dry, of a strong odour which exactly resembles that of
dried specimens of Trigonella Foenum-graecum L. Specimens
collected by Wight in India over one hundred years ago still retain
this^ odour to an astonishing degree. The smell is very pungent,
re mindin g one somewhat of curry powder and is due in part, in
Trigonella at any rate, to the presence of coumarin. Although this
substance is present in a number of plants there is no previous
record of its occurrence in any member of the Cyperaceae.

458

LXIV.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

Retirement of Mr. Airman. —The retirement of Mr. John
Aikman, M.B.E., on October 8th, 1932, under the age-limit has, to
our great regret, brought to a conclusion a career of nearly 44 years
in the public service, under three Directors.

Mr. Aikman came to Kew as a Student Gardener on December
10th, 1888, and on January 6th, 1890, was promoted to be “ Label-
Writer ”—a wise selection, as all those familiar with his excellent
handwriting will appreciate. On January 1st, 1891, he was
appointed a Temporary Technical Assistant in the Herbarium.
Four months later he became an acting Assistant, and was established
in the latter capacity on July 7th, 1891. He then took up duty in
the Director’s Office, and he has been the Director’s Confidential
Assistant during the whole of his established service, extending over
a period of more than 41 years. Commencing his work under Sir
William Thiselton-Dyer, he developed those methods of accuracy in
every detail which have proved invaluable to the establishment.

In recognition of his meritorious service, Mr. Aikman received
the Honour of the M.B.E. from H.M. the King at the New Year,
1930.

In wishing Mr. Aikman many years of happiness in his retirement
the present Director cordially endorses a statement placed on record
by Sir William Thiselton-Dyer when he himself retired in 1905 :—

“ The work of the Director’s Office is of the most varied kind
and requires in its transaction equally varied technical knowledge.
Mr. Aikman has acquired a remarkable grasp of it and in the details
of daily routine is never at fault. His memory for books, papers
and men is simply invaluable.

“ But he possesses another qualification which is even more
indispensable. The business of my office is frequently of the most
confidential kind. I have for a long period of years found myself
able to place entire confidence in Mr. Aikman's discretion.

“ We have both often had to work at high pressure and
Mr. Aikman has never spared himself in rendering me assistance.
I feel that I should be wanting in gratitude for his faithful help if I
did not place this statement on record.” w.t.t.d. 14.xii.05.

In succession to Mr. Aikman, the Minister of Agriculture and
Fisheries has appointed Mr. Stuart Frederick Ormsby as Chief
Clerical Officer in the Director’s Office.

Mr. Leonard Rodway. —We learn with regret that Mr. Leonard
Rodway, C.M.G., has resigned his position as Honorary Govern¬
ment Botanist of Tasmania, mainly on account of failing health.

Mr. Rodway, after a varied early naval and medical career, went
to Tasmania in 1880 and soon after joined the Royal Society of
Tasmania, of which he has been for so long a very active and highly
valued member. He was appointed Honorary Government Botanist
in 1896 and, during his term of office, he has built up the Tasmanian

459

Herbarium and written his well-known " Flora of Tasmania.” In
addition he has published a very useful book on “ The Wild Flowers
of Tasmania ” and has prepared a complete description of the
Mosses and Hepatics of the State.

His services to Tasmanian Botany were very fittingly recognised
in the conferment of the Honour of the C.M.G. by H.M. the King in
1917. He was also honoured by his own countrymen when he was
presented with the first Royal Society of Tasmania medal in 1928.

Mr. Rodway has been active in many directions in Tasmania and
in particular he has been a member of the Scenery Preservation
Board, Advisory Officer to the Forestry Department and for some
years Lecturer in Botany to the University. As a Trustee of the
Botanical Gardens he has done much to keep alive interest in the
fine Gardens at Hobart; latterly, since the retirement of the
Superintendent, he has resided in the Gardens and it is to be hoped
he will be able to supervise their maintenance until the Government
of Tasmania finds itself in a position to appoint a new Superintendent.

Mr. Rodway has been a valued correspondent of Kew since the
year 1897, and has sent many consignments of Tasmanian plants for
the enrichment of the Kew Herbarium.

Karl Ritter von Goebel.-— The death of Geheimrath
Professor Dr. Karl Ritter von Goebel on October 9th, in his 78th
year, has removed the most prominent figure among the plant-
morphologists of his time. He had been Professor of Botany in the
University of Munich, and Director of the Botanic Garden there since
1891, and was at his death President of the Bavarian Academy of
Sciences. He was foreign Fellow of the Royal Societies of London
and Edinburgh, of the Linnean Society, and of many of the
Academies of Europe and America. The event does not merely
remove a figure universally known in scientific circles, but it closes a
brilliant period of Botanical Science in Germany. Doubtless his
influence lives through his pupils, and through the readers of his
prolific writings. Their effect will continue to be felt wherever
Botany is studied. Nevertheless his death breaks a traditional
sequence continuous from Hofmeister himself. He was in fact the
last surviving pupil of that great master.

Nursed in the methods of von Mohl, and in the clear inductive
reasoning of Schleiden, and with our own Robert Brown as a con¬
temporary, Hofmeister in 1847 formulated, on the basis of his own
original observations, the underlying scheme of life as seen in Mosses,
Ferns and Conifers, thereby introducing the great synthesis centred
in the expression “ Alternation of Generations.” To him, as he was
serving his last years in the Chair at Tfibingen, came young Goebel,
a native of Bellighem in Baden. Nothing learned there was lost on
him, as we may judge from his filial essay written in 1924 to celebrate
the Centenary of Hofmeister's birth. An English translation of this
essay was published by the Ray Society in 1925. None of the vast

460

contributions of von Goebel to the literature of Botany conveys
more clearly his deep philosophical insight than this volume of
appreciation, tinged as it is with the natural criticism of a later age.
Nor could any writer place more justly in its frame the portrait of
the founder of a new phase of botanical thought But it rested with
the pupil, thus “blooded" in the pursuit of Science, to extend its
scope.

Young Goebel passed from Tubingen to Wurzburg, where he was
stimulated by the radiant intellect of Sachs, and to the Institute in
Strassburg, then directed by De Bary. After such favourable
training his own natural powers of investigation carried him through
rapid steps of promotion to the important Chair of Botany in the
University of Munich. Here he established a thriving school of
investigation, and developed his own researches, the results of which
are now summarised in his great work “ Organographie der
Pflanzen,” of which the third edition awaits only the issue of its last
part for its completion. The book stands unrivalled, whether as the
achievement of a single brain, or as an epitome of the work of a long
life of intense activity and unusual opportunity.

Botanists in Britain knew von Goebel well. His frequent visits,
his attractive personality, and his knowledge of our language all
helped to cement friendship based upon supreme scientific quality.
There was a strong bond between Kew and the Botanic Garden at
Munich, and, among other gifts, Kew received an interesting
collection of Ferns and Stove plants in 1930. Students knew him
by the translation of his “ Outlines ” and of the first edition of the
" Organographie," both having been published by the Oxford Press.
For plant-morphologists his influence was wide and deep, though
persuasive rather than dogmatic. His chief aim seems to have been
to read the riddle of causality, rather than to pursue the elusive and
protean phantom of phylogeny. His life leaves our science greatly
enriched. His many friends will rejoice that he maintained his
powers of thought to the very end. F. 0. b.

Everard im Thurn. —By the death of Sir Everard im Thum,
K.C.M.G., K.B.E., on October the 8th, at the age of 80, Kew loses
one of her oldest and most valued correspondents.

Educated at Marlborough and Exeter College, Oxford, where he
graduated in 1875, Sir Everard's first connection with Kew was in
1877, when Sir Joseph Hooker was instrumental in obtaining for
him the post of Curator of the British Guiana Museum at George¬
town. From here he soon commenced sending back collections of
living and dried plants to Kew, a practice which he continued
throughout a long career of colonial administration.

In 1882 he was appointed Special Magistrate of the Pomerun
District, a post which, however, did not interfere with his botanical
activities and in 1884 he published a paper entitled “ The Palms of

461

British Guiana ” in “ Timehri,” a Guiana journal of which he was
the editor and founder.

In the same year he accomplished his historic ascent of Roraima,
a most vivid account of which appeared in the proceedings of the
Royal Geographical Society for 1880. The plants collected on this
expedition were described by Professor Daniel Oliver in the Trans¬
actions of the Linnean Society for 1886, and are now in the
Herbarium at Kew.

In 1890 Sir Everard was appointed Government Agent in the
North West District, a post which he held until 1899, when he was
transferred to the Colonial Office. Here he remained only a year,
proceeding to Ceylon as Colonial Secretary and Lieutenant Governor
in 1901. In Ceylon official routine kept him exceedingly busy and it
was not until 1904, when he was appointed Governor of Fiji and
High Commissioner of the Pacific, that he again became botanically
active.

Between 1904 and 1910, when he retired, Sir Everard collected
extensively in the Fijian Islands and sent his plants to be worked out
at Kew. In 1915 a list of the Phanerogams in his collections was
published in the Journal of the Linnean Society. Out of a total of
72 species, 24 were new, the majority of which came from the
Nandarivatu District and Kandava. The Ferns were enumerated
later in the Kew Bulletin, 1930, 343.

Sir Everard was a zoologist and a distinguished anthropologist as
well as a botanist, and was the author of several books of travel,
notably " Among the Indians of Guiana ” (1883). He also published
an interesting account of the Western Pacific in the Geographical
Journal for 1909.

Sir Everard received the Honour of the K.C.M.G. in 1905 and the
K.B.E. in igi8.

The name Pinus laricio.—The specific epithet is commonly
spelt with a capital initial letter, but as it is neither a personal nor a
generic name, it should be spelt as above. The Italian vernacular
name " Larizio ” or " Laricio ” appears to be applied to one or two
species of Pinus, namely, to P. nigra Arnold (P. laricio Poir., 1804),
and possibly to P, Pinaster Sol. (P. laricio Savi, 1798). Savi (FI. Pis.
ii. 353 : 1798*) gave the Italian name of his Pinus Laricio [sic] as
“ Pino Larizio,” and O. Targioni Tozzetti (Diz. Bot. Ital. ed. 2, i.
216 : 1825) cited it as “ Pino Laricio.” Poiret (Lam. Encycl. v.
339: 1804) in publishing his Pinus laricio omitted to explain the
derivation of the specific epithet. The vernacular Italian name
“ Pino laricio ” was, however, cited for it by Tenore (FI. Nap. v. 267 :
1835-36), and the form " Pino Laricio ” by Bertolini (FI. Ital. x.
263 ; 1854) &&d Parlatore (FI. Ital. iv. 53 : 1867). Piccioli (Piant.
Legn. Ital, 77 : 1890) cited " Pino laricio,” " Laricio ” and ” Larice

♦Bertoloni (FI. Ital. x. 261) and Parlatore (FI. Ital. iv. 38) cited this
name from Santi, Viagg. terz. 60, t. 1, which I have not seen.

462

di Corsica ” among the vernacular names of P. laricio Poir. He gave
no similar name under P. Pinaster Sol., so that it seems probable
that the epithet laricio was applied to that species owing to con¬
fusion with P. nigra Arnold. Penzig (FI. Pop. Ital. i. 355 : I 9 2 4 )
also cited “ Pino laricio,” " Laricio,” and " Larice di Corsica ” among
the Tuscan vernacular names of P. laricio Poir., but gave no similar
name under P. maritima L. (P. Pinaster). The statement by K.
Koch (Dendrol. ii. Abth. 2, 287: 1882) that the vernacular name
" Laricio ” is applied in Italy to P. Pinaster as well as to P. maritima
Mill. (P. laricio Poir.) is apparently based on Savi.

The existence of the variant “ Larice di Corsica ” suggests a
connection between " Laricio ” and Larix (Ital. “ Larice ”). At
the same time it is difficult to see any resemblance between either of
the two species concerned and the common Larch. Nevertheless
the names '* Larch Pine,” and " Larchen-kiefer ” (or " Lerchen-
kiefer ”) have been coined by English and German botanists
respectively for P. laricio Poir. Loudon (Arb. et Frut. Brit. iv.
2200: 1838) used the former; and the latter is cited among the
German names of Pinus laricio Poir. by Gerth van Wijk (Diet. PI.
Names, 1006 : 1911). According to Pritzel and Jessen (Deutsch.
Volksnam. Pfl. 278 : 1882) the form ” Lerchenkiefer ” is employed
in Austria for P. laricio Poir. t. a. s.

South Indian Weeds.*—This publication of the Department of
Agriculture, Madras, is in the same series as “ Some South Indian
Grasses ” and furnishes a further example of the value of systematic
botany to the agriculture of a country. The major portion of the
book is devoted to descriptions of individual weeds, most of which are
accompanied by excellent line drawings of the plants, showing then-
seeds and other organs by which they can readily be recognized.
As an introduction to each description the English name of the
weed, if such exists, is given, as well as its name in the principal
vernaculars. This is followed by a note of the flowering and fruiting
season, the habit of the plant, its habitat, the soil types which it
prefers, how it is propagated and the approximate number of seeds
which a plant can produce. Below the description there is a short
note suggesting methods of control and if the plant is reputed to be of
economic importance (many of them have a reputation of medicinal
value) mention is made of its uses.

As numbers of these weeds are cosmopolitan in the dry tropics
and as others have close relatives which are also obnoxious weeds in
other countries, this book deserves a much wider circulation, among
those interested in village life in the tropics, than in the confines of
an Indian Province.

The earlier chapters of the book consist of an introduction to
botanical terms of nomenclature, a classification of weeds, and their

♦Handbook of Some South Indian Weeds, by C. Tadulinggam, F.L.S.,
and G, Venkatanarayana, B.Sc. (Ag). Pp. vii.-)-356. Printed and published
by the Superintendent, Government Press, Madras. Price Rs. 4.

463

methods of propagation. This is followed by a descriptive and
illustrated chapter on weed seeds and weed seedlings and another
on general methods of weed control. At the close of the book there
is a bibliography and a glossary of botanical terms.

The authors are to be congratulated both on the subject matter
of the book and on the manner in which it has been presented. The
Superintendent of the Government Press is also to be congratulated
on the general style of the publication and the excellent reproduction
of the illustrations.

Chromosomes and Plant Breeding.*—The practical plant-
breeder finds particular difficulty in assimilating the results of modem
work on chromosomes. He is frightened by the array of new terms
and by the mathematical puzzles which are continually confronting
him. Dr. Darlington, in the present volume, aims at presenting
these results in as clear a way as possible and in a form easily
applicable to the problems of plant breeding.

The earlier chapters are devoted to a brief outline of Cytological
and Mendelian facts. These are followed by sections on various
aspects of Polyploidy and its relation to plant breeding.

The later chapters show very strikingly the great light that the
study of chromosomes has thrown on the history of our cultivated
plants. They also show how much success in breeding for new forms
depends on a knowledge of chromosome behaviour. In breeding
apples and pears, for example, it might be expected that the most
vigorous varieties would give the best seedlings. An examination
of the chromosomes of such varieties, however, shows that they are
frequently triploid and hence useless for breeding work.

This book, which had appeared previously in a slightly different
form as a series of articles in " The Gardeners' Chronicle,” should be
extremely helpful both to breeders and to the “ lay-scientist ”
wishing to obtain a clear view of modem work on chromosome
behaviour.

*By C. D. Darlington, Ph.D,, D.Sc., with a foreword by Sir Daniel Hall,
K.C.B., F.R.S. Macmillan & Co., Limited, London, 1932. Pp. xiv+112,
25 figs. Price 7s. 6d.

Printed under the authority of Hi 8 Majesty’s Stationery Office,
By The South Essex Recorders, Ltd., High Road, Ilford.

<«5«) Wt. 71/28 826 11/82 SJEJEI. Ltd. Gp. S.

464

BULLETIN OF MISCELLANEOUS
INFORMATION No. 10 1932

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

LXV.—THE ARBORESCENT SENECIOS OF MOUNT
ELGON. A. D. Cotton.

Introduction.

Recent studies of the arborescent Senecios have shown clearly not
only that there are several distinct species on each of the high
mountain masses of East and Central Africa, but also that these
species occur in zones and show, as might be expected, certain
morphological features of ecological significance. The most obvious
feature is to be found in the leaf-structure, the species occurring in
the forest or in the subalpine zone above the forest-belt possessing
thin leaves devoid of a dense tomentum, whereas those found in the
highest or alpine zone possess thick leaves which are protected below
by a dense woolly covering. Differences are also found in the
anatomical structure of the leaf. These features are clearly seen in
the species occurring in Kilimanjaro, the Virunga Mountains and
Ruwenzori (see Kew Bull. 1930, 115, 1931, 289, and 1932, 438,
respectively). The fact that floral differences accompany those in
the leaf precludes the idea of their being merely variations of the
same species due to habitat-conditions. As will be shown below, a
similar state of affairs has now been found to exist on Mt. Elgon, from
which mountain one species only has hitherto been described.

Mt. Elgon, as is well known, is an extinct volcano, over 14,000 ft.
high and remarkable for the very large crater at the summit.
Details of the mountain will be described by Major E. J. Lugard in a
paper on the flora, shortly to be published in the Kew Bulletin.
All, therefore, that need be stated here is that at about 9000 ft. the
forest degenerates into open scrub which at about 10,000 ft. passes
into subalpine grassland with scattered Ericaceous bushes and
suffruticosc plants of temperate genera. The true alpine zone
commences at about 12,000 ft. and extends to the summit. The
crater is saucer-shaped, being tilted in a westerly direction; in its
longest diameter it is 8 miles across. It is believed by some
authorities to have been in eruption in Pleistocene times,* but it
is now clothed with a characteristic alpine vegetation of grasses,
species of Alcheamlla, Helichrysum, and other plants, though it

* The late Prof. J. W. Gregory kindly drew my attention to the recent
statement by 0. H. Odman that " it may be considered established that the
history of Mt. Elgon as an active volcano in the eruptive stage was com¬
pleted m pre-Pleistocene time.” (Geol. Foren. Stockholm, Forh. vol. 52,
p. 534, 1930.)

465

contains also much swampy ground and several small lakes. Hail is
frequent and snow occurs, but it seldom lies for any time. A
luxurious growth of tree Senecios flourishes on the slopes of the
mountain from about 11,000 ft. and also within the crater itself.
For many years Jackson’s Peak (13,650 ft.) on the Uganda side of
the crater rim was regarded as the highest point, but revised readings
show that other peaks exceed it.

Historical.

Before dealing with the tree Senecios which occur on Mt. Elgon
a brief summary of the botanical exploration of the mountain may
be given. The crater was first crossed by F. J. Jackson and E.
Gedge during the Imperial East African Company’s expedition in
1890. The following statement by E. G. Ravenstein, in his account
of that expedition (1891, 202), provides the first reference to the
giant Senecios. “ A curious tree with straight rough stem and a
large leafy top grows abundantly between 11,000 and 13,000 feet.”
Excellent photographs of the crater and Senecios were taken by
Gedge, and these plants are also alluded to by Hobley (1897), who
made a tour around the crater in 1896.

Although the mountain is on the frontier of Kenya and Uganda
it was formerly included in the Central Province of the latter country.
It is therefore dealt with in Sir Harry Johnston’s well known work
" The Uganda Protectorate ” published in 1902 (vol. i. chapter 2).
Johnston did not reach the crater himself, but he supplies notes on
the general mountain flora and reproduces some of the photographs
of the crater taken by Gedge. The plants collected during his visit
were presented to Kew and the list of identifications was published
(Johnston 1902, 326-328). These names are also included in a
general list of Uganda plants by C, H. Wright (1902).

In 1913 Rudolf Kmunke ascended the crater from the west
side and his plants, which include the first giant Senecio collected
from Mt. Elgon, are preserved in the Botanical Institute of the
University of Vienna. In his book " Quer durch Uganda ” several
pages are devoted to the vegetation and many excellent photographs
of Senecios are reproduced, including one (t. 19, fig. 1) which probably
depicts the new species described below as S. Gardneri.

In October, 1916, Mr. J. D. Snowden, of the Department of
Agriculture, Uganda, starting from Mbale and using the route via
Budadiri (4200 ft.), Butandiga (c. 7000 ft.) and Bulambuli
C Bamboo Camp,” c. 9000 ft.), visited Mt. Elgon and ascended
Jackson’s Peak, the supposed highest point of the crater. His
collection, which is preserved at Kew, contains a specimen of the
plant subsequently named S. elgonensis, but which was determined
at the time as S, Johnstonii . Some eighteen months later R. A.
Dummer, using the same route as Snowden, and fortified with the
latter’s notes and list of plants, also visited the crater and Jackson's
Peak. He published a breezy if perhaps somewhat superficial

466

account of his trip (1919). The first set of his specimens is at Kew,
but duplicates are to be found at Berlin and elsewhere.

In 1920 the Swedish ethnographer, G. Lindblom, accompanied
by S. Loven and H. Granvick, visited Uganda and included Mt. Elgon
in their explorations. The two small books dealing with this expedi¬
tion, Lindblom (1921) and Loven (1921), contain excellent photo¬
graphs of the vegetation of the crater and Plate 44 in the latter work
evidently portrays S. Gardneri. The material was largely worked
out at Berlin, but is preserved at Stockholm. Mr. C. H. Lankester
visited the crater and summit in 1921, following the usual track from
Uganda. The small collection brought home was presented to Kew
and was the subject of a short paper in the Kew Bulletin 1922.

In 1922 the brothers R. E. Fries and Th. Fries carried out their
botanical expedition to Kenya and in 1923 commenced to publish
in the " Notizblatt ” of the Berlin Botanic Garden a succession of
important papers and revisions on the flora of Mt. Kenya, the
Aberdares, and Mt. Elgon, a series which is still being continued.
Neither of the Fries brothers, however, actually visited Mt. Elgon,
their papers dealing with their own Kenya specimens and the
Mt. Elgon specimens collected by the Swedish expedition above
referred to. Immediately previous to this, Mildbraed (1922) published
a short but interesting account of the Mt. Elgon flora. He gives
several extracts from Kmunke’s volume and translations from
Lindblom’s Swedish account. He points out that the Elgon species
of arborescent Senecio, which had been referred to by previous
observers as S. Johnstonii, was not that species, and that, judging
from photographs, there might be a second species on the mountain,
possibly identical with his S. Friesiorum from Ruwenzori.
Mildbraed gives a list of about 30 specimens collected by Lindblom.

Thore Fries, working at the Berlin herbarium in 1923, came
across a duplicate of Dummer’s specimens collected in 1918 and
described it as S. elgonensis, sp, nov. This plant has a moderately
thick leaf, but is devoid of a dense woolly covering on the under
surface'. It is the species which botanists had previously regarded
as S. Johnstonii and is common between 11,000 and 12,000 ft.
altitude.

In the Pflanzenwelt Afrikas, Engler (1925, 296-299) gives a
valuable summary of our knowledge of the Mt. Elgon flora fip to that
date, incorporating some of the results of Swedish work and giving
a list of species which includes S. elgonensis Th. Fries.

In 1929 G. L. R. Hancock, Entomologist, Department of
Agriculture, Uganda, and W. W. Soundy made a trip to Mt. Elgon
with the object of carrying out entomological investigations. They
brought back a small collection of plants, which was presented to
Kew, and published an interesting paper (1931) on the fauna and flora.
The paper is illustrated with good photographs and contains a useful
bibliography. They refer to S. elgonensis , though they did not
collect specimens (their Plate 5, fig. 2, probably represents 5 .

467

Gardnen). L. C. C. Liebenberg, late of the Uganda Department of
Agriculture, paid a brief visit to the mountain in 1930 and sent a
fairly extensive collection to Kew, including a flowering specimen of
S. elgonensis.

Arborescent Senecios from Mt. Elgon, therefore, were repre¬
sented in European herbaria up to the time when the present investi¬
gations commenced (January 1930) by three gatherings of S.
elgonensis only, namely, those of Snowden, Dummer and Liebenberg.
A single other specimen existed in Europe, namely, a portion of a
plant collected by Kmunke in 1913, but this was not available for
study, being preserved in an exhibition case at the Museum of the
Botanical Garden and Institute at Vienna. Dr. E. Janchen,
however, has been good enough to make an examination and he
reports that the leaves agree with those of S. elgonensis . As will be
seen below, during the three years since that date more than a dozen
gatherings, each consisting of ample material, have reached Kew.

Recent Collections.

In the light of the facts referred to in the Introduction it was
reasonable to conclude that, since Mt. Elgon is 14,000 feet high, the
uppermost species reported by observers would certainly be distinct
from the smooth-leaved S. elgonensis occurring at 11,000 feet and
that a third species might even be expected to occur. The possi¬
bility of a second high-alpine species had, indeed, been pointed out
by Lindblom (1921, p. 42), Mildbraed (1922, p. 240) and Thore Fries
(1923, p. 228) and the receipt in April 1930 of a leafless flowering
shoot, collected by H. M. Gardner, tended to confirm this view and
to arouse new interest in the area.

As it was impossible to obtain further information from material
in Europe, letters, accompanied by a questionnaire, were sent in
January, 1931 to various persons in Kenya and Uganda who were
interested in the mountain flora, with a request for information and
for material, particularly (if it could be found) of a densely-
tomentose species from the highest altitudes. The result of these
letters has been highly satisfactory and has led, not only to the
discovery of two other well-marked new species, but to a much
clearer understanding of the distribution of these plants on Mt. Elgon.
Mr. H. M. Gardner has taken the greatest interest in the matter and
through his help both leaves and flowering material, collected by
Mr. E. J. Honors, Forest Officer, were received in February 1931.
The plant proved to be the same as that collected by Mr. Gardner
himself the previous year and has been named S. Gardneri. In
December, 1930, Major E. J. Lugard, who, with his daughter-in-law,
Mrs. Cyril Lugard, was making an extensive collection on behalf of
Kew, likewise obtained and sent home excellent specimens of both
S. Gardnen and S. elgonensis. At a later date Capt. Cyril Lugard
kindly sent a further series of specimens, accompanied by photo¬
graphs and the subjoined memorandum (slightly edited) which

468

provides a clear picture of the growth and distribution of both
species.

" I left Tanyelel on November 2nd, 1931, and ascended by the
Wagishu track to a forestry hut at 8500 ft. Here I left the track,
which goes on into Uganda, and branched off to the right. This led
upward through the forest, which was mainly Podocarpus. At about
9000 ft. a bamboo forest was entered. This was finer than that
found at 8300 ft., possibly because it had been less cut.

" The forest belt ended at about 10,000 ft. The turf is here
short and tree heaths were plentiful, in many places forming patches
of forest. I camped at 10,300 ft. near some scattered flat-topped
huts of the Elgoni people. Continuing next morning through
similar country I found Senecio elgonensis for the first time along a
stream at 11,000 ft. No specimens were observed in the forest itself.
The tree heaths gradually became scarcer and ended at about
12,800 ft. and the grass became tussocky. 5 . elgonensis was very
common and always occurred in wet ground, indeed the whole
mountain side about here was saturated with water. No flowers
of this species were seen (nor were they during my previous visit in
December, 1930) but a fair number of plants showed old flower-stalks.
At about 13,000 ft. there were masses of flowers including a white
Helichrysum and a scrub-like yellow Composite. These made a very
fine display of colour.

" I was now on what I believe to be the slopes of Sudek. At
approximately 13,300 ft. occurred the first specimens of 5 . Gardneri ,
growing as a fine grove in very wet ground, and this species extended
to the summit. The zones of S. elgonensis and 5 . Gardneri just
overlap and the two plants were found here growing together, but,
except for two stunted individuals noted on the summit of Sudek,
13,300 ft. appeared to be the maximum altitude for S. elgonensis.
S. Gardneri is frequently found in very wet conditions though it also
occurs on the edge of rocks and tops of hills. I saw no flowers but
noted a few flower-heads in bud last year (December, 1930) on
Jackson’s Summit at 13,650 ft. Only a very few plants of this
species showed old flower-stalks. There were masses of old dead
leaves hanging down on the stems of S. Gardneri and S. elgonensis —
in fact the two trees have generally the same habit.” Two of
Captain Lugard’s photographs are reproduced (figs. 3 and 4).*

Several collections have been received during 1932. Captain
and Mrs. Cyril Lugard, accompanied by Mrs. D. R. Tweedie, made a
further ascent in February and collected both species, the lower one
in full flower. They also forwarded specimens of S. Gardneri
showing its juvenile condition (see p. 472).

♦Acknowledgments for permission to reproduce the photographs used m
this paper axe due to Mr. E. H. Robins of the Public Works Department,
Kenya Colony, for photograph No. 1; to Mr, J. C. Rammel, of the Forest
Department, Kenya Colony, for No. 2 ; and to Captain Cyril Lugard for Nos. 3
and 4.

469

A very interesting gathering was received in March from
Mr. G. Fairbaim (Kenya Forest Service) of a species allied to, but
distinct from, S. elgonensis. This was characterised by a very thin
leaf, oblong in form with an almost truncate apex. It is the only
gathering of its kind in existence and is described below as S. amblyo-
phyllus, sp. nov. (see footnote, p. 474). Another Forest Officer,
Mr. R. V. H. Porter, sent a fine series of S. elgonensis collected in
March 1932.

From the Uganda side of Mt. Elgon material was received of
both 5 . elgonensis and S. Gardnen collected in August by Mr. A. S.
Thomas, of the Department of Agriculture.

The notes on the route followed by Mr. Thomas are of special
interest, since the distribution of the flora appears to be somewhat
different from that on the usual route from the Kenya side.

The arduous ascent necessary to secure these specimens and to
collect data involves considerable time and effort as well as expense,
and to all who have helped forward botanical science in the
present investigation warmest thanks are due.

Taxonomy.

The full description of the three species occurring on Mt. Elgon
is given below and is followed by a key which will provide for their
ready recognition in the field.

1 . Senecio elgonensis Th. Fries jr. in Svensk Bot. Tidskrift, xvii.
229 (1923).

Stem repeatedly forked, 5 or more metres high, covered above
with marcescent foliage and bearing large, terminal rosettes of leaves.
Leaves thin to medium thickness, elliptical to oblong-elliptical, apex
acute to subacute, finely dentate, or almost entire, teeth surmounted
with hydathodes; lamina 30-40 cm. long and 15-18 cm. wide;
upper surface glabrous when mature ; midrib arachnoid-tomentose
towards insertion; lateral nerves distinct arising at an acute angle,

2— 2*5 cm. apart; under surface apparently glabrous but actually
clothed with short silky hairs especially towards apex; midrib
barbato-tomentose at base, glabrous when mature ; petiole distinct,
winged, 5-8 mm. long, 3-4 cm. wide. Inflorescence bracteatc,
thyrsoid-paniculate, nearly 1 metre high, with flower heads
racemosely arranged on ascending branches; main axis and branches
arachnoid-tomentose; bracts leaf-like, with long, broadly winged
base. Flower heads subcampanulate, 2 cm. wide and 13-15 mm. long
(excluding rays), borne on slender peduncles. Involucral brads

3- seriate; outer i-seriate, linear, 6-7 mm. long; inner 2-seriate, 13-20,
narrowly lanceolate, acute, 12-18 mm. long, 2-4 mm. wide, purplish
at base. Ray flowers few, ligulate, yellow, tube 8 mm. long, ligule
13-15 mm. long. Disk flowers 55-80, tube 8-9 mm. long, cylindrical,
Achenes strongly ribbed, 6 mm. long. Pappus barbed.

470

Plvit IK

[A/ 1 Pull iw 1932

Senecia elgouemis Th 1 nes In sub alpint mtdtlo^s bclou tratei of Mt Tlgon about 12 000ft alt Photo T H Robins

Kew Bulletin. 1932]

Plate X

2. S. elgonensis Th. Fries. 10,500 ft. alt Photo. J. C. Rammell

3. S. Gardneri Cotton, sp. nov. 13,500 ft. alt. An unusually fine example.
Photo. Capt. Cyril E. Lugard.

Mount Elgon. Jan. 1918, Dummer 3382* (type); 1913, Kmunke
(Mus. Vind.) ; Oct. 1916, Snowden 480; 11,500 ft., April 1930,
Liebenberg 1609 ; 12,000 ft., Dec. 1930, E. J. and Mrs. C. Lugard
437 \ 13,000 ft., Nov. 1931, Cafit. and Mrs. C. Lugard 696 ; 11,000
ft., Feb. 1932, 699 ; 11,000 ft., Feb. 1932, Tweedie 113 (Nairobi
Herb.); 10,500 ft., June (?) 1932, Porter 2732; 12,800 ft., Aug. 1932,
Thomas 628 and 630.

This species is abundant and occurs as a definite zone below 5 .
Gardneri, extending, according to recent observations, from 11,000
to 13,000 ft. The older altitudinal records, when the two species
were not distinguished, must be accepted with reserve. The almost
glabrous leaf and the relatively short, broadly-winged petiole dis¬
tinguish it at once from the upper species and, when in flower, it is
also seen to be distinct in the more slender inflorescence and well-
marked ray florets.

5 . dgonensis , according to Capt. Cyril Lugard, always occurs on
wet ground, a fact which is in accordance with the presence of large
hydathodes which line the margin of the leaf. These vary in number
in different specimens, and it is probable that their number is corre¬
lated with the habitat, as is the case with S. Cottonii on Kilimanjaro,
where plants growing in dry situations have an almost entire margin,
whereas those occurring in wet ground are dentate, the teeth being
surmounted with hydathodes.

The altitudinal zone and the wet habitat of S. elgonensis are
precisely similar to those of S. Kilimanjaro, and it is interesting to
note how the two species, which are obviously allied, have responded
in slightly different ways to the conditions of their respective
mountains.

2 . Senecio Gardneri Cotton , sp. nov.

Arbor ramosa, usque 5 m. alta. Folia rigide coriacea, elliptica
vel elliptico-lanceolata, cordata, petiolata, basim versus dentata;
lamina 30-40 cm. longa, 15-18 cm. lata, supra sericeo-pilosa demum
glabrescens, infra in plantis juvenilibus pilosa, in maturis dense albo-
lanata, costa villoso-tomentosa supeme demum glabrescente ;
petiolus longus (10-14 cm.), cylindricus, pilosus. Inflorescentia 1 m.
alta, capitulis dense congestis. Flores disci numerosissimi (105-120).
Species ab omnibus speciebus sectionis homogamis petiolo longo
cylindrico distincta.

Tree, repeatedly forked, up to 5 metres high. Stem covered below
with furrowed bark and above with remains of old leaves. Leaves
in large terminal rosettes, bright green, thick, tough, broadly elliptic
or elliptic-lanceolate, cordate, dentate or sub-entire towards apex,
teeth surmounted by hydathodes, lamina 30-40 cm. long, 15-18 cm.

♦There is a possibility that the type specimens collected by Dummer are a
mixed gathering. The inflorescence and flower heads correspond to those
of the plant found abundantly from 11-13,000 ft. and here accepted as S.
elgonensis Th. Fries. The leaves in both the Kew and the Berlin specimens
are identical and badly damaged, but are somewhat thinner than the normal
leaves of S. elgonensis.

471

wide; upper surface arachnoid-tomentose at first, glabrous when
mature, midrib arachnoid at base, lateral nerves distinct, arising
almost at a right angle, 1-5-2-5 cm. apart; lower surface in young
plants pilose, in mature plants clothed with a very dense, short, white,
persistent tomentum, midrib densely barbate-tomentose, becoming
glabrous with age and dark brown or black in colour ; lateral veins
very distinct; petiole distinct, cylindrical, up to 14 cm. long, densely
pilose. Inflorescence bracteate, paniculate, up to 1 m. high,
densely crowded with flower heads, subracemosely arranged on short
lateral branches; main axis and branches clothed with very dense,
woolly tomentum ; lower bracts leaf-like, with broadly winged base,
purple when dried. Flower heads homogamous, widely campanu-
late, 2-2-5 cm. wide, 1*5 cm. long, borne on long peduncles; flowers
yellow. Involucral bracts 3-seriate; outer linear, 15-17 mm. long,
1 mm. wide; inner 2-seriate, oblong-lanceolate, acute, 15-18 mm.
long, 3-5 mm. wide, glabrous, purplish when dry. Ray flowers
absent. Disk flowers hermaphrodite, very numerous, 105-120, tube
9-10 mm. long, cylindrical. Achenes 4 mm. long. Pappus barbed.

Mount Elgon. 13,500-14,000 ft, Feb. 1930, Gardner 2269 ;
Sudek, 13,800 ft., Jan. 1931, Honord 2520 (type); Jackson’s Summit,
13,600 ft., Dec. 1930, E. J. and Mrs. C. Lugard 438; 13,300 ft.,
Nov. 1931, Capt. and Mrs. C. Lugard 697, 698 (young) ; 13,500 ft.,
Feb. 1932, Capt. and Mrs. C. Lugard 700, 701 (young) ; and Tweedie
112 ; March (?) 1932, Fairbairn 2677; 13,500 ft., Aug. 1932, Thomas
627.

Illustrations : Kmunke, Quer durch Uganda, t. 19, fig. 1.
Loven, Kring Mt. Elgon, t. 44.

5 . Gardneri commences at the top of the S. elgonensis zone at
about 13,000 ft. and extends thence to the highest peaks of the rim
of the crater. It is distinguished from S. elgonensis by the leaves
being densely tomentose below and by possessing a long, cylindrical
petiole. The flower heads also differ in being devoid of ray florets.

In the juvenile state the leaf covering is entirely different, as was
proved by two interesting gatherings forwarded by Captain and Mrs.
Cyril Lugard (Nos. 698 and 701). The specimens were collected
from young plants 3-6 ft. high, and showed leaves which were
clothed with long silky hairs on the under as well as on the upper
surface. Although the leaves were identical in form with those of
S. Gardneri, there was no development, even on the largest, of the
dense short tomentum characteristic of that species. In spite of this
striking difference, Capt. Lugard did not regard it as a distinct
species but as a juvenile form of S. Gardneri. Some eight months
after these specimens were collected, Mr. I. R. Dale, an Assistant
Conservator of Forests in Kenya Colony, discovered a similar
phenomenon in the case of S. aberdaricus on the Aberdare Mountains,
and sent specimens to Kew accompanied by the following note:
“ The leaves of the young plants may be glabrous or hairy, and the
former condition . . . usually, I think, changes when about 4 feet

472

high.” Capt. Lugard’s view has, therefore, been confirmed and is
here accepted as correct. These observations in the field are not
only of interest for the light they throw on the biology of the plants,
but are of great value in the prevention of errors liable to occur in
the herbarium.

The general affinity of S. Gardneri is with 5 . •heniodendron Fries
from Mt. Kenya and with 5 . Friesiorum Mildbraed from Ruwenzori,
which are the only other species possessing homogamous flowers. They
both occur at the highest altitudes and possess tomentose foliage.
5 . Gardneri is more nearly allied to the latter, which is, however,
very distinct in the short, broadly-winged petiole of the leaf and
its apparently much narrower lamina. The very long petiole of 5 .
Gardneri is remarkable in a species growing at extreme altitudes and
is indeed not found in any other of the arborescent Senecios except
S. Johnstonii, which occurs at a very much lower level.

S. Gardneri occurs under climatic conditions of extreme contrasts,
hot sun alternating with sharp frost at night, and periods of rain
alternating with very drying winds. In common with many other
species it is found on very wet ground and sometimes actually grows
in water. With a soil temperature, however, so little above freezing
point, the risk of excessive transpiration is at times very great, and the
significance of the dense coating of hairs on the lower surface of the
leaf is obvious. On the other hand, in seasons of prolonged rain
there is a danger of the leaf-tissues being overcharged with water,
hence the presence of large hydathodes on the leaf-margin.

3 . Senecio amblyophyllus Cotton, sp. nov.

Arbor ramosa. Folia tenuia, oblonga vel oblongo-elliptica,
cordata, apice rotundata vel fere truncata, dentibus minimis
instructa ; lamina in speciminibus extantibus 30 cm. longa, 15 cm.
lata, nervis lateralibus a costa angulo fere 90° abeuntibus, infra
breviter pilosa demum subglabrescens; petiolus brevis, alatus.
Inflorescentia thyrsoideo-paniculata ; axis ramique laterales lanati,
satis graciles. Cafiitula subturbinata, 1*5-2 cm. lata. Flores radii
conspicui, ligula lineari-oblonga, 14-16 mm. longa. Flores disci
haud numerosi (55-70).—S. elgonensi affinis sed foliis tenuioribus
apice fere truncata differt.

Stem repeatedly forked, — m. high. Leaves thin, oblong or oblong-
elliptic, cordate, apex rounded or almost truncate, shortly petiolate,
finely dentate; lamina in existing specimens 30 cm. long,
15 cm. wide ; upper surface pilose at first, glabrous when mature ;
midrib densely pilose; lateral nerves distinct, arising almost
horizontally, 1-2 cm. apart; under-surface thinly and shortly
pilose, becoming partly glabrous ; midrib densely pilose, especially
towards base; petiole long, broadly winged at base, 20 cm. long.
Inflorescence bracteate, thyrsoid-paniculate, about 1 m. high ; main
axis and branches somewhat slender, lanate ; bracts with broadly
winged base. Flower heads subturbinate, 1*5-2 cm. wide, 12-13 mm.
long (excluding rays). Involucral bracts 3-seriate; outer 8-10, linear,

473

67 mm. long, i mm. wide ; inner bracts 2-seriate, 13-15, narrowly
lanceolate, acute, 12-15 mm. long, 4-5 mm. wide. Ray flowers few
(11-14), ligulate, yellow, tube 5-6 mm. long, ligule 14-16 mm. long,
3-4 mm. wide. Disk flowers about 60 (55-65), tube 8-9 mm. long,
cylindrical. Pappus barbed.

Mount Elgon. On small stream, Kassowai River, site wet and
shady, Feb. (?) 1932, Fairbairn 2678.

Though 5 . amblyophyllus is known only from a single gathering,
the leaves are so remarkably distinct that it appears justifiable to
describe it as new.* They differ from those of S. elgonensis, amongst
which it occurs and to which it is allied, in being much thinner and
more oblong in outline with a blunt, almost truncate, apex. The
veins, moreover, are closer together and arise almost at a right angle,
instead of at an acute angle, from the midrib. The inflorescence
resembles that of 5 . elgonensis, but the branches are apparently
more slender and the capitula smaller. The ray florets are long and
showy and the plant must present a fine sight when in flower.

The species appears to be scarce on the mountain, at all events
on the tracks usually used by the Kenya foresters, and nothing can
be stated as to the extent of its altitudinal range. When collected
it was not recognised as distinct from the common species, and conse¬
quently the data supplied as to range and habitat require verification.
Being a thin-leaved species it is to be expected that it would form a
zone lower than that of S. elgonensis and possibly be confined to
localities where shade is provided. Further material and observa¬
tions in the field would be most welcome.

Key to Mt. Elgon Species.

(1) Leaf with long cylindrical petiole ; under surface clothed with a

dense, short, white tomentum; flower heads homogamous. Occurs
from 13,000 ft. to summit.I. S. Gardneri Cotton.

(2) Leaf with winged petiole ; under surface when mature glabrous,
or nearly so ; flower heads heterogamous.

(a) Lamina of leaf thin to of medium thickness, oblong-lanceolate.
General from 11,000 to 13,000 ft....2. S. elgonensis Th. Fries.

(b) Leaf very thin, oblong, apex rounded or almost truncate. At

9 000 ft.3. S, amblyophyllus Cotton.

Literature on the Botany of Mt. Elgon.

Dummer, R, A.

1919. The vegetation of the Crater and Summit of Mt. Elgon.
_ Gard. Chron. lxv. 123, 137-8,150.

♦As this paper was passing through the press a second specimen of S.
amblyophyllus was sent to Kew by Mr. A. S. Thomas (No. 655). This speci¬
men confirms the decision, that the species is distinct from S. elgonensis and
we notes accompanying it show that it occurs in the bamboo forest zone at
9100 ft. The leaf lamina is stated to be flat and not recurved and the petiole
and midrib to be flushed with purple.

474

Engler, A.

1925. Die vegetation der Erde. Die Pflanzenwelt Afrikas, v.
pt. 1.

Fries, Th.

1923. Beitrage zur Kenntniss der Flora v. Kenya, Aberdares and
Mt. Elgon. Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, viii. ix. x.
Hancock, G. L. R. and W. W. Soundy.

1931. Notes on the Fauna and Flora of . . . Masaba (Mt. Elgon).
Journ. E. Africa and Uganda Nat. Hist. Soc. no. 36,165-183.
Hobley, C. W.

1897. Notes on a journey round Mt. Masawa or Elgon. Geogr.
Joum. ix. 178-185.

Johnston, H. H.

1902. The Uganda Protectorate, i. ch. 2, The Central Province,
43-84, and list of Mt. Elgon plants, 326-328.

Kmunke, Rudolf.

1913. Quer durch Uganda. Berlin.

Lankester, C. H.

1922. A short trip on Mt. Elgon, Uganda. Kew Bull. 145-148.
Lindblom, G.

1921. I vildmark och nigerbjar. Stockholm.

Loven, S. A.

1926. Kring Mt. Elgon. Stockholm.

Mildbraed, J.

1922. Bemerkungen iiber die Pflanzenwelt des Elgon. Notizbl.
Bot. Gart. Berlin, viii. 237-242.

Ravenstein, E. G.

1891. Messrs. Jackson & Gedge’s Journey to Uganda via Masai-
land. Proc. Roy. Geog. Soc. xiii. 193-208.

Wright, C. H.

1902. List of plants occurring in the Uganda Protectorate. See
Johnston, H. H., 1902, 329-351.

LXVI.—CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE FLORA OF SIAM.*—

Additamentum XXXVII.

Psychotria aganosmifolia Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; P.
lanceolariae Ridl. habitu similis sed ramulis haud fuscis, calyce et
corolla maioribus recedit.

Fnitex circa 2 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli graciles, primo angu-
lati, mox teretes, glabri, brunneo-corticati. Folia lanceolata vel
oblanceolata, apice acute vel subacute acuminata, basi angustato-
cuneata, 9-17 cm. longa, 1-5-4-5 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca plus
minusve pallide brunnea, pagina utraque glabra, costa supra parum
impressa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 9-10 pagina
utraque conspicuis bene intra marginem arcuatim iunctis et ibi
nervum intramarginalem conspicuum formantibus, nervulis vix
conspicuis, margine mox irregulariter recurva, petiolo 0-8-3 cnl -
♦Continued from K.B. 1932, 437.

475

longo glabro suffulta; stipulae brunneae, 7 mm. longae, subulato-
acuminatae vel pauci-fimbriatae, margine irregulariter denticulatae,
cito deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis vel lateralis, subsessilis
vel pedunculo communi ad 7 mm. longo suffulta, 1-5-2-5 cm. longa,
i'7-3 *5 cm. lata, ramulis lateralibus utrinque 2 brevibus vel ad 1 cm.
longis, rhachi cum ramulis breviter facialiter ferrugineo-pubescente,
pedicellis brevibus vel subnullis, floribus albis (ex Kerr). Recept-
aculum circa 1 mm. longum, glabrum. Calycis tubus 0-5 mm. longus,
lobi 4, deltoidei vel lanceolato-deltoidei, circa 1-5 mm. longi, glabri.
Corollae tubus 4-75 mm. longus, extra glaber, intra apice dense
pilosus, lobi 4, suboblongi, circa 2 mm. longi et 1*5 mm. lati, glabri.
Filamenta brevia, antheris 1 mm. longis. Stylus bene inclusus.

Patalung, Kao Soi Dao, 600 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 19,213.

Psychotria alata Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a P. stipulacea
Wall, stipulis dorso basem versus alatis, haud tantum costatis,
recedens.

Frutex circa 1 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli glabri, rubro-brunnei
vel fusci, mox teretes, circa 4 mm. diametro. Folia oblongo-
elliptica, oblongo-oblanceolata, vel oblanceolata, apice acute
acuminata, basi cuneata, ad 22 cm. longa et 8 cm. lata, chartacea,
sicca brunneo-rubra, subtus parum pallidiora, glabra, costa supra
prominula subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa
12 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus intra marginem anastomo-
santibus, nervulis paucis pagina utraque conspicuis, petiolo 1-2 cm.
longo glabro suffulta; stipulae mox deciduae, 1-2-2 cm. longae,
0-7-1 *3 cm. latae, siccae brunneo-rubrae, glabrae, infeme triangu-
latim alatae. Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbiformis, 5-10 cm.
diametro, e basi ramosa vel pedunculo communi 2-5 cm. longo
suffulta, pedunculo incluso 6-8-5 cm. longa, pedunculo communi ubi
evoluto glabro apice trifurcato, ramulis ad 8 cm. longis puberulis
apice trifurcatis, ramulis ultimis brevibus puberulis, pedicellis
brevibus vel subnullis puberulis. Receptaculum puberulum. Calycis
tubus 0-75 mm. longus, lobi 5-6, apice rotundati, tubo breviores.

Surat, Klawng Nam Wing, 100 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 12,246.

Psychotria ardisioides Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae] ; proba-
biliter ex affinitate P. calocarpae Kurz a qua caule haud puberulo,
foliis crassioribus haud puberulis nervis lateralibus haud prominen¬
tibus distinguenda.

Caides 15-42 cm. alti, erecti, glabri, straminei, longitudinaliter
striati, ad 4 mm. diametro, lenticellis haud conspicuis. Folia
oblongo-oblanceolata, oblanceolata, vel interdum elliptico-oblanceo-
lata, apice acute acuminata vel saepius subacuminata, basi cuneata,
6-14-5 cm, longa, 2-5-4-7 cm. lata, chartacea vel rigide chartacea,
sicca saepissime grisea, interdum brunnescentia vel lutescentia,
pagina utraque glabra, costa pagina utraque saepius prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 8-10 pagina utraque conspicuis vel
subobscuris, nervulis obscuris, margine mox parum recurva, petiolp

476

3-io mm. longo glabro suffulta ; stipulae 5 mm. longae, basi inter
se connatae, cito deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbiformis,
ad 3-5 cm. diametro, subsessilis vel pedunculo communi ad 12 mm.
longo suffulta, ramulis puberulis vel subglabris, floribus sessilibus.
Receptaculum glabrum, circa 1 mm. longum. Calycis tubus brevis,
segmenta deltoidea, circa 0*25 mm. longa, ciliolata. Corollas tubus
3 mm. longus, extra glaber, intra apice pilosus, lobi 5, ad 2-5 mm.
longi et 175 mm. lati, glabri. Antherae exsertae.

Kao Kalakiri, 700 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 14,948,

Psychotria brunnescens Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a P.
angulata Korth., cui facie subsimilis, stipulis conspicue ferrugineo-
ciliatis facile distmguenda.

Frutex circa 0*5 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli primo inconspicue
puberuli, compressi, cito glabri, teretes, subolivacei, 3 mm. diametro.
Folia late lanceolata vel oblongo-oblanceolata, apice acute acuminata
vel subacuminata, basi cuneata vel subacuminata, 6-5-10*5 cm.
longa, 2-3 cm. lata, coriaceo-chartacea, sicca brunnescentia, pagina
utraque glabra, subtus in nervorum axillis saepissime foveolata,
costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
circa 9 subtus subconspicuis, nervulis obscuris, petiolo 5-10 mm.
longo glabro suffulta; stipulae deltoideae, circa 5 mm. longae,
margine dense ferrugineo-ciliatae, deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis,
circa 2 cm. longa, pedunculo communi haud evoluto, ramulis plus
minusve puberulis, pedunculis ultimis circa 2 mm. longis flores
congestos albos (ex Kerr) gerentibus. Receptaculum circa 1 mm.
longum, glabrum. Calycis tubus lobis longior, lobi late deltoidei,
0-5 mm. longi, ciliolati. Corolla extra glabra, tubo 1-75 mm. longo,
intra apice albo-barbato, lobis 5 oblongis fere 2 mm. longis 1-25 mm.
latis glabris. Antherae breves, exsertae. Stylus distincte exsertus.

Nakawn Tai, 200 m., mixed forest, Kerr 5843.

Psychotria chartacea Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a P .
sarmentosa Blume foliis tenuioribus, inflorescentia glabra facile
distinguenda.

Fruticulus scandens; ramuli graciles, glabri, primo compressi,
fusco-brunnei, albo-lineolati, mox teretes, virides, circa 1-5 mm.
diametro. Folia elliptica vel late elliptica, apice breviter acuminata,
vel cuspidato-acuminata, basi cuneata vel late cuneata, 4*5~7*5 cm.
longa, 2-4 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca matura subplumbea, subtus
parum pallidiora, glabra, subtus saltern iuventute albo-lineolata,
costa supra conspicua vel parum impressa subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 6 pagina utraque conspicuis vel subprominulis
intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervulis obscuris, petiolo
3-11 mm. longo glabro suffulta ; stipulae ad 3 mm. longae, infeme
inter se connatae. Inflorescentia terminalis, circa 1 cm. diametro,
pedunculo communi ad 1 cm. longo apice bracteis ligulatis 3 mm.
longis instmcto suffulta, glabra, pedunculis partialibus brevibus ;
pedicelli 1-1-5 mm - longi. Receptaculum breve. Calycis tubus

477

o*5 mm. longus, lobi breves, irregulares. Corollae extra glabrae
tubus 2*5 mm. longus, intra supra medium dense annulatim pilosus,
lobi 5-6, tubo subaequilongi, glabri. Filamenta 1-5 mm. longa,
apicem versus corollae tubi inserta, glabra, antheris vix 1 mm.
longis. Discus conspicuus. Stylus 1-5 mm. longus, stigmatibus
duobus vix 1 mm. longis. Fructus anguste ellipsoideus, 8 mm.
longus, 5 mm. diametro, costis circa 14 longitudinalibus instructus.

Satul, Kao Keo Range, 600 m , evergreen forest, Kerr 14,504.

Psychotria ellipsoidea Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a P.
andamanica Kurz foliis glabris, pedunculo communi evoluto
recedens.

Frutex circa 4 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli, nodis exceptis, glabri,
primo compressi, mox teretes, circa 5 mm. diametro, cortice fusco-
rubro obtecti. Folia elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, apice breviter
subacute acuminata, basi cuneata, 10-17 cm. longa, 3*5-7*3 cm. lata,
chartacea, sicca supra fuscescentia, subtus plus minusve brunnes-
centia, pagina utraque glabra, subtus in nervorum axillis foveolata,
costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
13-15 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus, nervulis pagina
neutra conspicuis, petiolo 1-4 cm. longo glabro supra canaliculato
suffulta ; stipulae deciduae. Injructescentia terminalis vel pseudo-
lateralis, corymbosa, pedunculo communi 1*5-2 cm. longo incluso
circa 6 cm. longa, 10-12 cm. lata, glabra. Fructus ellipsoideus,
8 mm. longus, 6 mm. diametro, glaber, calyce persistente circa
1*25 mm. longo coronatus, pedicello ad 3 mm. longo suffultus,
seminibus dorso 5-costatis ventrice planis, albumine ruminato.

Surat, Kao Nawng, 1000-1100 m., common in evergreen forest,
Ken 13,264.

Psychotria fuscescens Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a P.
andamanica Kurz foliis longius petiolatis subtus glabris vel subglabris,
a P. minutiflora Ridl. foliis maioribus inter alia distinguenda.

Arbuscula circa 5 m. alta (ex Ken) ; ramuli glabri, primo fusci,
compressi, mox olivacei, teretes, circa 3 mm. diametro. Folia
elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica, apice acute acuminata vel subacum¬
inata, basi cuneata vel subacuminato-cuneata, 15-23 cm. longa,
5*2-8*5 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca fuscescentia, subtus parum palli-
diora, pagina superiore glabra, inferiore ad costam nervosque
laterales puberula, mox fere glabra, in nervorum axillis foveolata,
costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque
11-12 late arcuatis vel subrectis intra marginem arcuatim iunctis
supra conspicuis subtus prominulis, nervulis fere omnibus obscuris,
petiolo ad 5 cm. longo glabro suffulta; stipulae ellipticae, 7 mm.
longae, dorso glabrae, cito deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis,
corymbiformis, pedunculo communi 1-1*5 cm. longo incluso ad
5*5 cm, longa, circa 8 cm. lata, sicca fusca, ramulis longitudinaliter
puberulis, bracteis parvis deciduis, floribus sessilibus vel pedicellis

478

circa i mm. longis puberulis suffultis. Receptaculum 075 mm
longum, puberulum. Calycis tubus 0-5 mm. longus, lobis brevibus.
Corolla extra glabra, tubo 3 mm. Ion go intra supra medium piloso,
lobis 5 circa 1-5 mm. longis et 1 mm. latis glabris. Stamina exserta,
antheris 1 mm. longis, filamentis glabris antheris paulo longioribus.

Krabi, Lanta, 400 m„ evergreen forest, Kerr 18,994.

Psychotria Hendersoniana Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a
P. rhinocerote Blume foliorum paginae inferioris indumento brevi
pallido, fructu maiore recedit.

Frutex ramulis pilis brevibus ferrugineis adpressis tectis ad 5 mm.
diametro cortice cinereo vel cinnamomeo obtectis. Folia oblongo-
elliptica, elliptica, oblongo-obovata, vel oblongo-oblanceolata, apice
breviter acute acuminata, basi cuneata, n-25 cm. longa, 4-8*5 cm.
lata, rigide chartacea, sicca viridia vel parum fuscescentia, subtus
parum pallidiora, pagina superiore glabra, inferiore ad costam
breviter pallide setulosa, aliter glabra vel ad nervos laterales hie et
illic sparse similiter setulosa, costa supra impressa subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 9-12 supra conspicuis subtus promin-
entibus, rete laxo pagina utraque subconspicuo, margine recurva,
petiolo 0*5-2 cm. longo suffulta ; stipulae deciduae. Infructescentia
terminalis, ei P. rhmocerotts Blume similis et indumento subsimili
tecta. Fructus ellipsoideus vel subellipsoideus, 8-9 mm. longus,
6*5-7 mm - diametro, sicco fuscus, ferragineo-hirsutus; calyx
persistens, tubo ad 2 mm. longo, lobis ad 4 mm. longis dorso et
margine ferrugineo-hirsutis; semina dorso 4-sulcata.

Bachaw, Kiah 24,313.

Psychotria induta Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae] ; ab affini P.
minutiflora Ridl. ramulis, inflorescentia, et foliorum pagina inferiore
plus minusve pilosis recedens.

Frutex ad 1*5 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli subsparse piloso-
hirsuti, 2*5 mm. diametro. Folia oblongo-elliptica, oblongo-oblanceo¬
lata, vel oblanceolata, apice acute acuminata, basi cuneata vel
angustato-cuneata, 7*5-18 cm. longa, 2-6*3 cm. lata, chartacca, sicca
fuscescentia vel lutescentia, subtus pallidiora, supra ad costam
sparse pilosa vel glabra, subtus ad costam nervosque laterales pilosa,
aliter sparse pilosa, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 8-10 supra conspicuis subtus prominentibus,
nervulis tantum paucis pagina utraque plus minusve conspicuis,
petiolo 1-3 cm. longo indumento ei ramulorum simili tecto suffulta ;
stipulae acuminatae, 10 mm. longae, 5 mm. latae, dorso pilosae,
deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbiformis, ex ima basi
ramosa, 1*5-3*5 cm. longa, 3-5*5 cm. lata, ramulis subsparse pilosis,
floribus subsessilibus vel pedicellis brevibus glabris suffultis, bracteis
parvis deciduis. Receptaculum 1*25 mm. longum, glabrum. Calycis
tubus brevis, lobi deltoidei, 0*75 mm. longi. Corolla extra glabra, tubo
3 mm. longo intra apicem versus piloso, lobis 5 circa 2*5 mm. longis

479

et 1-5 mm. latis glabris. Stamina exserta, antheris paulo ultra i mm.
longis, filamentis antheris longioribus.

Satul, Kao Keo Range, 700 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 14,565.

Psychotria kratensis Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae] ; a P.
lanceolaria Ridl. foliis subtus puberulis, pedunculo longiore, a P.
calocarpa Kurz ramulis haud cito glabrescentibus, stipulis brevioribus
haud glabris inter alia recedit.

Frutex circa 0-75 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli graciles, primo
dense mox subsparse breviter crispatim pubescentes, rubro-brunnei,
fistulosi. Folia lanceolata, apicem versus angustata, obtusa,
breviter apiculata, basi attenuato-cuneata, interdum parum inae-
quilateralia, 7-12-5 cm. longa, 1-5-3-2 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca
supra viridia vel brunnescentia, subtus pallidiora, brunnescentia,
pagina superiore glabra, inferiore ad costam nervosque dense puberala,
aliter sparse inconspicue puberula, costa supra saepissime impressa
subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 9-11 pagina utraque
conspicuis vel prominulis bene intra marginem arcuatim iunctis et
ibi nervum intramarginalem efficientibus, nervulis paucis subtus
plus minusve conspicuis, petiolo 10-18 mm. longo supra canaliculato
et subglabro subtus dense breviter crispatim pubescente suffulta ;
stipulae circa 4 mm. longae, dorso indumento ei ramulorum simili
instructae, cito deciduae. Panicula terminalis, pedunculo communi
1-5-3 cm. longo suffulta, ad 1-5 cm. longa et lata, ramulis lateralibus
utrinque duobus cum pedunculis et pedicellis indumento ei ramu¬
lorum simili tectis ; flores albi (ex Ken), pedicellis usque ad 2 mm.
longis suffulti; bracteae minutae, deciduae. Receptaculum breve,
subglabrum. Calycis tubus 0-5 mm. longus, lobi 4, deltoidei,
075 mm. longi. Corollae tubus 2-5 mm. longus, lobi 4, circa 1-75 mm.
longi.

Krat, Kao Kuap, 400 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 18,078.

Psychotria lineolata Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae] ; a P.
calocarpa Kurz inflorescentia multo laxiore recedit.

Frutex circa 1-5 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli glabri, sicci rubes-
centes, ad 3 mm. diametro. Folia oblongo-elliptica, oblongo-ovata,
vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice obtuse acuminata vel subacuminata,
basi cuneata vel acuminata, 8-12 cm. longa, 2-8-4-8 cm. lata,
chartacea, sicca brunneo-rubra, subtus pallidiora, supra glabra,
subtus ad costam nervosque puberula, aliter subconspicue lineolata,
costa supra conspicua haud rarius impressa subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque ad 14 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis
patulis vel subpatulis intra marginem arcuatim iunctis et ibi nervum
intramarginalem conspicue formantibus, petiolo 1-2-5 cm. longo
glabro vel subtus puberulo supra canaliculato suffulta; stipulae
1 cm. longae, bilobatae, lobis longius acuminatis, dorso glabrae,
deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbosa vel subcorymbosa,
pedunculo communi 1-2 cm. longo incluso 4-5 cm. longa, 2-4 cm.
diametro, pedunculo et ramulis primo ferrugineo-furfuraceis mox

480

puberulis, pedicellis brevibus vel ad 1*5 mm. longis, bracteis parvis
deciduis, floribus albis (ex Kerr). Receptaculum i mm. longum,
glabrum. Calycis glabri tubus 075 mm. longus, lobi 4, circa 1*5 mm.
longi, dentibus parvis inter lobos saepe additis. Corolla extra
glabra, tubo circa 1 mm. longo intra apice albo-barbato, lobis
4 ovato-lanceolatis 1*5 mm. longis vix r mm. latis. Stamina
exserta, filamentis 0-5 mm. longis ad corollae tubi apicem adfixis,
antheris 1 mm. longis.

M£ Hawng Sawn, Doi P&pd, 1000 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 6181.

Psychotria lutescens Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a P.
sarmentosa Blume foliis crassioribus sicco lutescentibus, inflorescentia
sicca fusca haud grisea, calyce conspicue maiore inter alia recedens.

Fntticulus scandens ; ramuli glabri, primo compressi, sicci fusci,
mox teretes, subvirides, ad 5 mm. diametro. Folia elliptica lateve
elliptica, apice obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata, 3*5-5 *5 cm. longa,
1 ‘ 2 - 2 -6 cm. lata, coriacea, sicca saepissime plus minusve lutescentia,
pagina utraque glabra, costa supra conspicua vel leviter impressa
subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 6-8 primo obscuris
mox pagina utraque conspicuis vel prominulis intra marginem anas-
tomosantibus, nervulis obscuris, margine recurva, petiolo 4-14 mm.
longo glabro supra canaliculato suffulta : stipulae 2-3 mm. longae,
infeme inter se connatae, deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, e basi
ramosa vel interdum in speciminibus minoribus pedunculo communi
ad 1*5 cm. longo suffulta, corymbiformis, 1*5-4 cm - longa, 2*5-6-5 cm.
lata, pedunculis sicco fuscis ultimis distincte puberulis; bracteae
1*5 mm. longae, deciduae; pedicelli ad 2*5 mm. longi; flores albi
(ex Ken). Receptaculum breve. Calycis tubus 0*5 mm. longus,
irregulariter lobulatus vel tantum undulatus. Corolla extra glabra ;
tubus ad 3*5 mm. longus, intra apice dense albo-pilosus; lobi 5,
tubo subaequilongi. Filamenta usque ad 3 mm. longa, glabra, infra
tubi apicem adfixa, antheris 1 mm. longis. Stylus cum stigmatibus
duobus 5 mm. longus.

Kao Kalakiri, 900 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 14,968.

Psychotria plana Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a P . stipu-
lacea Wall, stipulis multo minoribus, foliis subtus in nervorum
axillis haud foveolatis distinguenda.

Frutex circa 1*5 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli glabri, sicco fusco-
bmnnei, primo compressi, annotini circa 4 mm. diametro. Folia
oblongo-elliptica vel oblongo-oblanceolata, apice obtuse sub¬
acuminata, basi cuneata lateve cuneata, 11-5-25 cm. longa,
5-7*5 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca subtus rubescentia, pagina utraque
glabra, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus
utrinque 8-10 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis, nervulis tantum
paucis pagina utraque conspicuis, petiolo 1*5-5 cm - longo glabro
suffulta; stipulae deciduae, circa 7 mm. longae et 4 mm. latae.
Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbiformis,' ad 5 cm. diametro, pedun¬
culo communi ad 2*5 cm. longo incluso ad 5 cm. longa, ramulis

481

puberalis; pedicelli breves. Receptaculum subglabrum. Calycis
tubus 075 mm. longus, lobis variabilibus interdum conspicuis
interdum subnullis. Corolla extra glabra, tubo 2 mm. longo intra
supeme dense piloso, lobis 5 oblongis 275 mm. longis 1-25 mm. latis
glabris. Stamina exserta, filamentis paulo ultra 1 mm. longis quam
antberis longioribus. Stylus exsertus.

Trang, Kao Soi Dao, 500 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 19,174.

Psychotria polita Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; ab affini P.
calocarpa Kurz ramulis foliisque haud puberulis distinguenda.

Frutex circa 1 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli glabri, primo quad-
rangulares, sicco sulcati, mox teretes, ad 3*5 mm. diametro, fistulosi,
cortice brunneo obtecti, lenticellis parvis inconspicuis. Folia
saepissime elliptico-obovata, elliptica, vel elliptico-ovata, apice
obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata vel subacuminata, 10*5-15 cm.
longa, 3*8-6*8 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca plus minusve brunnescentia
vel rubescentia, omnino glabra, costa supra conspicua subtus
prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 12 supra conspicuis
vel subprominulis subtus prominulis vel subprominentibus intra
marginem arcuatim iunctis, nervulis paucis subtus conspicuis,
margine parum recurva, petiolo 6-15 mm. longo glabro suffulta;
stipulae deciduae, circa 4 mm. longae. Infmctescentia lateralis,
pedunculo communi 2-2*5 cm. longo suffulta, partibus omnibus
glabra. Fructus ruber (ex Kerr), circa 7 mm. diametro, calycis
segmentis suboblongis 3*5 mm. longis dorso costatis persistentibus
coronatus; semina straminea, dorsaliter transverse corrugata, longi-
tudinaliter 3-4-costata, costis vix prominentibus, ventrice concava.

Ranawng, La-un, 20 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 16,510.

Psychotria rutila Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a P. cambo-
diana Pierre ex Pitard inflorescentia sessili facile distinguenda.'

Frutex circa 1 m. altus (ex Kerr) : ramub pibs ferrugineis diver-
gentibus dense tecti, mox teretes, circa 2 mm. diametro. Folia
oblanceolata, apice acute acuminata vel subacuminata, basi cuneata,
3*5-8*5 cm. longa, 1 *3-2*8 cm. lata, chartacea, sicca ferruginea,
subtus parum pallidiora, pagina superiore ferrugineo-hirsuta,
inferiore similiter subhirsuta, utraque praesertim inferiore ad costam
nervosque dense tecta, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 10-12 supra subconspicuis subtus parum
prominentibus, nervulis obscuris, margine ciliata, petiolo ad 1 cm.
longo indumento ei ramulorum simili tecto suffulta; stipulae
deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, capituliformis, sessilis, bracteis
angustis longius hirsutis, Receptaculum longe dense adpresse
ferrugineo-hirsutum. Calycis tubus brevis, segmenta circa 2 mm.
longa, dorso pilis longis ferrugineis dense tecta. Corolla expansa
haud visa, tubo brevi extra glabro intra apice albo-piloso, lobis
5 circa 2*5 mm. longis extra hirsutis intra glabris. Fructus ellip-
soideus, calyce persistente'excluso 5 mm. longus, 4 mm. diametro,
pilis longis ferrugineis instructus, seminibus dorso 4-costatis.

482

Kaw Chang, Klawng Nonsi, under io m., light evergreen forest,
Kerr 9171.

Psychotria Smithiae Geddes [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a P.
nicobanca Kurz foliis sicco haud rubris, cymis laxioribus recedens.

Fruticulus (ex Dr. Smith), ramulis primo pilis paucis ferrugineis
instructis compressis mox glabris teretibus. Folia oblongo-elliptica,
apice subacuta, basi cuneata, 9-14-5 cm. longa, 37-5*5 cm. lata,
chartacea, sicca supra fuscescentia, subtus brunnescentia, pagina
utraque glabra, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente, nervis
laterahbus utrinque 11-13 supra conspicuis vel prominulis subtus
prommentibus, nervulis paucis pagina utraque subconspicuis,
margine recurva, petiolo usque ad 2 cm. longo supra canaliculato
suffulta; stipulae circa 8 mm. longae, bilobatae, dorso subsparse
ferrugineo-hirsutae, cito deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, corym-
biformis, sessilis, circa 4 cm. longa et 6 cm. diametro, pedunculis
partialibus ad 2-5 cm. longis plus minsuve ferrugineo-subpilosis
inflorescentiam condensam circa 7 mm. diametro gerentibus;
bracteae lanceolatae, saepe lobatae, 4-5 mm. longae, ciliatae;
flores albi (ex Dr. Smith). Receptaculum breve, pilis paucis ferru¬
gineis instructum. Calycis tubus 1 mm. longus, lobi 5, dcltoidei,
fere 1*5 mm. longi, 1 mm. lati, ciliati. Corollae tubus circa 2 mm.
longus, intra apice albo-barbatus, lobi 5, circa 1*5 mm. longi.
Antherae exsertae, 1 mm. longae, filamentis brevibus ad corollae tubi
apicem adfixis.

Nakawn Sritamarat, Kao Luang, 600 m., Dr. Eryl Smith 695.

Psychotria viburnifolia Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a P.
stipulacea Wall, foliorum nervis lateralibus paucioribus recedens,
P. angulatae Korth. parum similis sed inflorescentiis partialibus
haud capituhformibus distinguenda.

Frutex circa 2 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli, nodis exceplis, glabri,
primo compressi, sicci fusci, mox teretes, cortice brunneo nitido
corrugato obtecti. Folia oblongo-oblanceolata vel angustc obovata,
apice obtuse acuminata, basi cuneata vel subacuminata, 8-13-5 cm.
longa, 2-5-5-5 cm. lata, coriaceo-chartacea, sicca saepissime rubes-
centia, pagina utraque glabra, costa supra conspicua subtus
prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque 9-10 supra conspicuis subtus
prominulis intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervulis fere omnibus
obscuris, petiolo 5-12 mm. longo glabro suffulta ; stipulae oblongae,
vix 1 cm. longae, ciliatae, dorso infeme conspicue triangulatim
costatae, deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, corymbiformis,
pedunculo communi 1-2 cm. longo suffulta, ad 1-5 cm. longa et 3 cm.
lata, ramulis lateralibus utrinque 1-2 ad 1 cm. longis cum ramulis
ultimis circa 3 mm. longis puberulis, floribus sessilibus vel subses-
silibus, bracteis parvis deciduis. Receptaculum 1 mm. longum,
puberulum vel subglabrum. Calycis tubus vix 1 mm. longus, lobi
variabiles, interdum conspicui, interdum perbreves. Corolla extra
glabra, tubo circa 3 mm. longo intra supeme piloso, lobis 5-6 tubo

483

paulo longioribus 1*5 mm. latis glabris. Stamina exserta, antheris
fere 1*5 mm. longis filamentis subaequilongis. Stylus exsertus.

Adang, 400 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 14,151.

Psychotria Winitii Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a P. kratense
Craib foliis conspicue maioribus distinguenda.

Fruticulus ad 07 m. altus (ex Wimt) ; ramuli primo ferrugineo-
furfuracei, compressi, mox teretes, ad 4 mm. diametro. Folia
elliptica vel elliptico-oblanceolata, rarius oblonga, apice obtusa vel
breviter acuminata, basi cuneata, 8-16 cm. longa, 3-7 cm. lata,
chartacea, sicca supra fusco-viridia, subtus brunnea, supra glabra,
subtus ad costam ferrugineo-furfuracea et ad nervos laterales
furfuraceo-puberula, costa supra impressa subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 11-14, supra conspicuis subtus prominulis
intra marginem conspicue iunctis, nervulis paucis subtus sub-
prominulis, petiolo usque ad 1*5 cm. longo ferrugineo-furfuraceo
supra canaliculato suffulta ; stipulae circa 5 mm. longae, deciduae.
Injlorescentia terminalis, 2-5 cm. diametro, pedunculo communi
0*8-2 cm. longo ferrugineo-furfuraceo suffulta; flores albi (ex
Winit), pedicellis ad 2 mm. longis subglabris suffulti. Receptaculum
1 mm. longum, glabrum. Calycis tubus 0*75 mm. longus, glaber,
lobi 4, oblongo-deltoidei vel oblongi, 1*75 mm. longi, 1 mm. lati,
glabri. Corolla extra glabra, tubo 4 mm. longo intra supeme piloso,
lobis 4 suboblongis fere 4 mm. longis et 1*5 mm. latis glabris.

Lampang, M6 Yom, MS P6ng, 150 m., evergreen forest, Winit

1845.

Saprosma brunneum Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; S.
pubescenti Ridl. habitu similis sed calycis segmentis multo longioribus
distinctum, a 5 . Scortechinii King et Gamble ramulis iuventute haud
glabris recedens.

Frutex circa 3 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli primo subbrunneo-
tomentosi, demum glabri, cortice stramineo obtecti, ad 5 mm.
diametro. Folia opposita, paribus inter se saepissime parum
inaequalibus, elliptica, oblongo-elliptica, vel elliptico-ovata, apice
acute acuminata, basi cuneata, acuminata, vel rarius cuneato-
rotundata, 7-16 cm. longa, 3-7 cm. lata, chartacea vel rigide
chartacea, sicca supra fusco-viridia, subtus brunnea, supra glabra,
subtus praesertim ad nervos pilosa, pilis plus minusve deciduis,
costa supra conspicua vel leviter impressa subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque circa 7 supra conspicuis subtus prominulis,
nervis transversis subtus subprominulis, petiolo 3-7 mm. longo
suffulta; stipulae breves, rigidae, fimbriatae, stramineae. Cymae
terminales, ad 2 cm. longae, pauciflorae, pedunculo et ramulis
tomentellis, pedicellis 4 mm. longis etiam tomentellis; bracteae
stipulis similes. Receptaculum 2 mm. longum, tomentosum. Calycis
tubus brevis, lobi 4-5, late lanceolati, acuti, 3*5-4 nun * l° n gi-
Corolla alba (ex Kerr), extra furfuracea ; tubus 4 mm. longus, intra
apice dense villosus; lobi 4-5, circa 3 mm. longi. Stamina 4-5,

484

inclusa, filamentis 0*5 mm. longis ad corollae tubi medium adfixis,
antheris obtusis 1-5 mm. longis. Stylus 5 mm. longus, stigmatibus
duobus 1 mm. longis. Fructus 7 mm. longus, 5 mm. diametro,
calyce persistente coronatus.

Kao Kalakiri, 800 m., evergreen forest, Kerr 7769A.

Saprosma distans Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; ab af&ni
5 . ternato Hook. f. nervis transversis paucioribus inter se magis
distantibus hand tarn regularibus recedit.

Ramuli glabri, compressi, primo subfusci, mox cortice stramineo
obtecti. Folia per 3 vel opposita, oblongo-elliptica, apice acute
attenuata vel acuminata, basi cuneata, ad 27 cm. longa et 8 cm. lata,
rigide chartacea, sicca supra fusco-viridia vel fusca, subtus pallidiora,
pagina utraque glabra, costa supra conspicua subtus prominente,
nervis lateralibus utrinque 11-15 supra conspicuis subtus prominen-
tibus intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervis transversis inter se
distantibus subtus prominulis, petiolo usque ad 1 cm. longo glabro
supra canaliculato suffulta; stipulae fimbriatae, 5 mm. longae.
Infructescentia axillaris, pedunculo communi 4-5 cm. longo incluso
7-8 cm. longa, glabra. Fructus saepissime subovoideus, circa 9 mm.
longus et 7 mm. diametro, calyce persistente lobato circa 2 mm.
longo coronatus.

Pattani, Bukit, Put 3640.

Saprosma latifolium Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; ab af&ni
S. consimile Kurz foliis pro rata multo latioribus basi fere semper
rotundatis truncatis vel leviter cordatis recedit.

Ramuli annotini glabri, compressi, stramineo-corticati. Folia
opposita, paribus inter se parum inaequalibus, saepissime oblonga
vel elliptica, apice breviter acute acuminata, basi rotundata,
truncata, late leviter cordata, vel rarius late cuneata, 5-10 cm. longa,
2*5-5 '5 cm - lata, rigide chartacea, sicco supra fuscescentia, subtus
pallidiora, pagina utraque glabra, costa supra conspicua subtus
prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa 10 supra saepe impressis
subtus prominulis intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervulis
paucis subtus conspicuis, subsessilia vel petiolo usque ad 3 mm.
longo suffulta; stipulae 4 mm. longae, deciduae. Fructus sparsi,
ad apices ramulorum positi, subsessiles, obovoideo-ellipsoidei, 8 mm.
longi, 5 mm. diametro, fusci, glabri, calycis segmentis deltoideis
1 mm. longis persistentibus coronati.

Korat, Kao L6m, Put 3531.

Saprosma longicalyx Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a S.
consimile Kurz eiusque af&nioribus calycis segmentis multo longi-
oribus et angustioribus facile distinguendum.

Fruiex circa 1*5 m. altus (ex Ken) ; ramuli graciles, glabri, mox
cortice stramineo obtecti, ad 3 mm. diametro. Folia opposita,
paribus inter se conspicue inaequalibus, saepissime oblongo-
oblanceolata vel elliptico-oblanceolata, apice acute acuminata, basi

483

cuneata vellate cuneata, 4*5-16 cm. longa, 1*5-6 cm. lata, chartacea,
sicca supra viridia, subtus pallide viridia, subtus in nervorum axillis
parce breviter hirsuta, aliter pagina utraque glabra, costa supra
conspicua subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus utrinque circa
10 supra plus minusve conspicuis subtus prominulis intra marginem
anastomosantibus, nervis transversis inter se distantibus subtus
conspicuis vel subprominulis, petiolo usque ad 8 mm. longo glabro
supra canaliculato suffulta; stipulae acuminatae, 3-5 mm. longae,
glabrae, stramineae, deciduae. Flores albi (ex Kerr), ad ramulorum
apices glomerati, subsessiles. Receptaculum breve, glabrum.
Calycis tubus 1*5 mm. longus, glaber, segmenta 4, linearia, 375 mm.
longa, basi 1 mm. lata, ciliolata, aliter glabra. Corollae tubus 8 mm.
longus, intra supeme villosus, lobi 4, circa 4 mm. longi et 1*5 mm.
lati, supra basem versus pilosi.

Nakawn Sritamarat, Kao Luang, 400 m., evergreen forest, Kerr
15412.

Saprosma parvifolium Craib [Rubiaceae-Psychotrieae]; a S.
consimile Kurz foliis subtus ad costam puberulis et in nervorum
axillis pilosis recedit, etiam Amaracarpo saxicolae Ridl. simile sed
ramulis magis distincte puberulis et foliis subtus puberulis disting-
uendum.

Frutex circa 1*5 m. altus (ex Kerr) ; ramuli annotini graciles,
puberuli, pallide corticati. Folia opposita, paribus inter se plus
minusve inaequalibus, elliptica, oblonga, vel oblongo-lanceolata,
apice subacute acuminata vel subacuminata, basi cuneata vel
rotundata, saepe parum inaequilateralia, 2 *5-6*5 cm. longa,
1*3-3 cm. lata, rigide chartacea, sicca supra subfusca, subtus
brunnea, supra glabra, subtus ad costam puberula et in nervorum
axillis pilosa, costa supra prominula subtus prominente, nervis
lateralibus utrinque 5-6 supra subconspicuis vel fere obscuris
subtus prominulis intra marginem anastomosantibus, nervulis
paucis subtus conspicuis vel subprominulis, petiolo usque ad
4 mm. longo supra canaliculato subtus puberulo suffulta ; stipulae
deciduae. Inflorescentia terminalis, glomerulata, pauciflora, floribus
albis (ex Kerr) breviter pedicellatis. Receptaculum circa 1 mm.
longum, puberulum, Calycis tubus brevissimus, segmenta late
deltoidea, subobtusa, 1 mm. longa, basi fere 1 mm. lata. Corolla
supeme extra densius puberula ; tubus 4 mm. longus, intra supeme
piloso-barbatus; lobi 5, circa 3 mm. longi et 1*5 mm. lati. Stamina
exserta, filamentis 1*5 mm. longis 1 mm. infra corollae tubi apicem
adfixis glabris, antheris 1*25 mm. longis. Stylus bene inclusus,
stigmatibus ad filamentorum insertionem attingentibus.

Prachuap, Kao Luang, 300 m., by stream in evergreen forest,
Kerr 10,794.

486

LXVIL—NEW SPECIES FROM MOUNT ELGON.

A. A. Bullock.

The following hitherto undescribed species have been detected
while preparing for publication a list of Mt. Elgon plants collected by
Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard. A few new name-combinations
were also found to be necessary, and these have been included.

The Orchidaceae have been worked out by Mr. V. S. Summer-
hayes, and Comb return elgonense was described by Mr. A. W. Exell,
of the British Museum. In addition the writer is indebted to Dr.
Diels and members of the staff at the Berlin Herbarium for the
examination of a large number of specimens. Acknowledgment for
this is made under the appropriate species. Grateful thanks are also
due to Mr. J. Hutchinson, for much advice and for checking the
manuscript and proofs.

Crassula Wrightiana Bullock, sp. nov. [Crassulaceae]; a C.
aquatica (Linn.) Schoenl., omnibus partibus majoribus, foliis oblongis
vel oblongo-spathulatis valde distincta.

Herba erecta vel procumbens, omnino glabra, 6-30 cm. vel ultra
alta, caulibus simplicibus vel parce ramosis, intemodiis 1*5 mm-
3*5 cm. longis, nodis inferioribus radices emetentibus. Folia
opposita, decussata, basi in vaginam usque 2 mm. longam connata,
oblonga vel oblongo-spathulata, apice obtusa vel rotundata,
5*5-18 mm. longa, 1*5-5 mm * lata. Flores tetrameri, axillares,
solitarii vel in fasciculis paucifloris dispositi, minuti, pedicellis 5-10
mm. longis. Sepala basi connata, oblonga, obtusa, usque ad 1 mm.
longa. Petala obovata, apice rotundata, sepalis fere duplo longiora.
Filamenta complanata, sursum attenuata; antherae parvae, sub-
globosae. Carpella ovoidea, leviter alata, 1-1*2 mm. longa, stylo
breve leviter uncinato coronata, lit videtur i-ovulata. Semina
oblonga, apice basique rotundata, dense minutissime tuberculata.

Kenya Colony. Nairobi, 6000 ft., Dowson 476 (type). Aberdare
Mts. and the base of Mt. Kenya, Dowson 73. Eldama Ravine,
7000-7500 ft., Oct. 1898, Whyte s.n. Third day’s march from
Eldama Ravine, Whyte s.n. Between Nandi and Mumias, Whyte
s.n. Limuru, in water, herb i-i£ ft. high, rather succulent, with
small red and white flowers, 10 June, 1918, Snowden 582. Mau,
on damp rocks, Nov. 1905, G. S. Baker 339. River in Mau Forest,
a prostrate water plant, Mettam 236. Mt. Elgon : 6500-7500 ft.,
in swamp, erect herb to 1 ft., flowers white with a purple throat,
Oct.-Nov. 1930, Major E. J. Lugard 213 ; 6400 ft., in swamp, erect
herb to 3 in. high, flowers white, 28 Feb. 1931, Major E. J. Lugard
538. Rumuruli distr., 6000 ft., fleshy herb about 8 in. high with
very pale pink flowers, growing in marsh, July, 1931, Napier 1229.

Uganda Protectorate. Behungi Marsh, 8000 ft., in ditch,
and common in marshes throughout the Virunga Mts. at the same
altitude, a herb with succulent leaves and pink strongly scented
flowers, x Dec. 1930, B. D. Burtt 2924. Ankole, Shema County, at

487

Kitakata, a small succulent herb 3-6 in. high with small red flowers,
growing near edges of water, or in water, at the hot springs, 24 Jan.
1929, Snowden 1288.

Tanganyika Territory. Arusha, 5000 ft., in water, Dec. 1927,
Haarer 916 ; Oct. 1925, Haarer 79b.

A member of the Bulliarda group, Crassula Wrightiana is named
in honour of Mr. C. H. Wright who many years ago decided that the
plants collected by Mr. W. J. Dowson, and cited above, represented
an undescribed species. Mr. Wright's notes on his dissections of the
flowers are preserved in a manuscript attached to one of the sheets in
the Kew herbarium, and are embodied in the description with very
minor additions to include the wide range of specimens now
available.

The variation observed is due to the different habitats in which
the plant is found. When growing in water, the stems (and inter¬
nodes) become elongated in order to raise the floriferous upper
portions above the water surface. Branching normally takes place
only towards the base, where nodal rooting also occurs, but in the
(comparatively) deep-water forms short branches are found in the
floriferous region. The land form is quite different in appearance,
and without the intermediate forms included in the Kew collection,
might reasonably be regarded as a distinct species. Here the stems
are short, and the intemodes often no longer than the short sheath
formed by the connate leaves ; the latter then appear to be imbricate.
All parts of the plant in this condition approach the smallest measure¬
ments given in the description, while the parts of the water form are
always larger. Varying degrees of wetness of the habitat produce
the intermediate forms, and conditions approaching both extremes
may often be seen on the same plant.

C. Wrightiana appears, from the description, to have some
affinity with C. Granvikii Mildbr., a Mt. Elgon plant which, however,
has 4-seeded carpels.

Crassula erubescens Bullock, sp. nov. [Crassulaceae] ; C.
Granvikii Mildbr. affinis, sed foliis majoribus oblongo-lanceolatis
differt.

Berba parva, perennis, erecta, omnino glabra, usque 5 cm. alta,
caulibus simplicibus dense foliatis, intemodiis maturis usque
5-6 mm. longis sed plerumque (in regione florifera) 1-1*5 mm.
longis, nodis inferioribus radicantibus. Folia rubra, opposita,
decussata, imbricata, basi in vaginam 1-1*5 mm- longam connata,
oblongo-lanceolata, apice acuta, 1-1*5 cm. longa, 2-3*5 mm. lata.
Flores tetrameri, axrllares, solitarii, perpauci, minuti, pedicellis
filiformibus usque 1*5 cm. longis. Sep ala basi connata, lanceolata,
subacuta, circiter 1*5 mm. longa, intus concava. Petala sepalis
subaequilonga, oblonga, apice obtusa. Filamenta filiformia, sepalis
paulo brevioria, Antherae subglobosae, minutae. Carpella ut
videtur 4-ovulata,

488

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 8250 ft., a rock plant 2 in. high
with bright scarlet foliage and cream-coloured flowers, Dec. 1930,
Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 422.

A species of the Bulliarda group, with (in the only specimen seen)
short intemodes, and imbricate leaves coloured bright scarlet. It is
allied with C. Granvikii on account of the 4-ovulate carpels, but the
large scarlet leaves and very short intemodes render it distinct.

Kalanchoe Lugardii Bullock sp. nov. [Crassulaceae]; a K.
Petitiana A. Rich., floribus majoribus, calycis lobis longioribus,
pedicellis longioribus, recedit.

Herba succulenta, omnino glabra, ut videtur glauca, usque
i-6 m. alta. Folia non visa. Flores in inflorescentiis corymbosis
terminalibus dispositi, pedicellis circiter 1-1*5 cm. longis, bracteis
inferioribus lanceolatis acutis circiter 1*5 cm. longis. Calyx fere ad
basin 4-lobatus, lobis acutis anguste lanceolatis 5-8 mm. longis.
Corolla pallide lutea, tubo sub anthesin circiter 1*7 cm. longo, lobis
ovato-lanceolatis acutissimis usque 7 mm. longis. Stamina 8;
superiora petalis opposita, inferiora petalis altema; filamenta
brevia ; antherae subglobosae, fere 1 mm. diametro. Squarmdae 4,
lineares, 3*5 mm. longae. Carpellae 4, lineares, erectac, 8 mm.
longae, glabrae, stylis basi articulatis erectis 6 mm. longis, stig-
matibus capitellatis subcohaerentibus. Folliculi membranacei,
1 *i cm. longi, apiculati; semina minuta, numerosa, longitudinaliter
lamellata, lamellis transverse striatis.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6500-7500 ft., very succulent
herb to 5 ft., flowers pale yellow, Oct.-Nov. 1930, Major E. J.
Lugard 115.

The confusion existing in this genus renders the classification of
any individual specimen extremely difficult, and K. Lugardii is
proposed as a new species with great reserve, the material available
being somewhat inadequate. The following specimens may also
belong to this species.

Tanganyika Territory. Between Lakes Tanganyika and
Rukwa, about 6000 ft., Nutt s.n. Sambala, Kondoa Distr., 4900 ft.,
a conspicuous waxy-white-flowered herb in Commiphora bush, up to
3! ft. high, 12 July 1929, B. D. Burtt 2245. Suji, Pare Distr., 5000 ft.,
Aug. 1928, Haarer 1672 . Kyimbila Distr., Sept. 1910, Stolz 261,

Impatiens phlyctidoceras Bullock, sp. nov. [Balsaminaceac];
I. digitato Warb. affinis sed foliis minoribus, calcari recto multo
longiore basi haud digitatim lobato sed basin versus irregulariter
4-7-papillato differt.

Herba erecta, usque 1 m. alta, caulibus mox glabrescentibus,
intemodiis superioribus circiter 1*5-3 cm. longis. Folia altema,
herbacea, ovata usque elliptico-rotundata, apice vix acuminata, basi
late cuneata, usque 2*5 cm. longa et circiter 1*5 cm. lata, utrinque
leviter pilosa, marginibus regulariter mucronato-crenatis; petioli
circiter 5 mm. longi. Flores in axillis foliomm superiorum solitarii,

489

pedicellis leviter hirsutis 2*5-4 cm - longis. Sepala lateralia lanceo-
lata, 6 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata, extra leviter pilosa. Labellum
subglabrum, late infundibuliforme, dorso apiculatum, in calcari
recto 2*5~3*5 cm. longo et 3 mm. diametro productum ; calcar basin
versus irregulariter 4-7-papillatum, glabmm vel parce pilosum.
Vexillum cucullatum, subhemisphaericum, glabrum, 7 mm. longum,
apice bilobulatum. Alae glabrae, 5 mm. longae, profunde bilobae,
lobis bilobulatis, lobula inferiore suborbiculari 4 mm. diametro,
lobulis superioribus paullo minoribus. Capsula matura non visa.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 11,700 ft., a herb up to 3 ft. high,
with scarlet-crimson flowers, Dec. 1930, Mrs. Cyril Lugard 313.

This very striking new member of the section Microcentron Warb.
is most closely allied to I. digitata Warb., from Mt. Kilimanjaro. The
two species are, however, readily separable by means of their peculiar
spurs. In both cases these are rather stout, that of I. digitata being
about | in. long, and terminating in several very distinct finger-like
processes, whilst in I. phlyctidoceras the spur is about i\ in. long, and
towards the base a few to several small warts or papillose protrusions
are found. Further distinguishing characters are to be found in the
smaller leaves, shorter petioles, and more glabrous, stouter stems with
shorter intemodes of I. phlyctidoceras. The writer is much indebted
to Dr. Mildbraed for comparing the specimen cited with the material
of the genus in the Berlin herbarium, where it could not be matched.

Trochomeria Harmsiana Bullock, sp. nov. [Cucurbitaceae] ;
T. pectinatae (Sond.) Cogn. affinis, petiolis glabris, foliorum segmentis
integris supra (haud infra) scabrescentibus, floribus masculis fascicu-
latis majoribus, differt.

Herba repens vel scandens, cirrhosa, caulibus glabris tenuiter
flexuosis quadrangularibus. Folia digitate 3-loba, lobis lateralibus
saepe alte bilobulatis ; lobi et lobuli lineares, infra subglabri, supra
satis dense setose scabrescentes ; petioli glabri, circiter o*5-i*5 cm.
longi; stipulae deciduae, amplexicauli-subrotundatae, usque 1*5 cm.
diametro, marginibus fimbriato-dentatis, dentibus subulato-
acuminatis usque 7 mm. longis, extra parce scabrido-puberulae,
intus glabrae. Flores masculi axillares, solitarii vel 2-3-fasciculati,
pedicellis gracilibus subglabris usque 1*5 cm. longis. Receptaculum
circiter 1*5 cm. longum et apice 4 mm. diametro, basin versus paullo
angustatum, intus basin versus leviter pilosum, ceterum glabrum.
Sepala patula vel reflexa, subulato-triangularia, circiter 2 mm. longa.
Petala patula, lineari-lanceolata, 1*5 cm. longa, basi 3 mm. lata,
acuta, glabra. Staminum filamenta 5 mm. longa, crassa, basin
versus pilosa; antherae in capitulo cylindrico 3*5 mm. longo
cohaerentes. Pistillodium tenuiter cylindricum, 4 mm. longum.
Flores feminei masculis similes sed leviter minores, axillares, ut
videtur solitarii, receptaculo supra ovarium valde constricto.
Ovarium eUipsoideum, 4 mm. longum et 2*5 mm. diametro, glabrum.
Stylus (supra constrictionem) 6 mm. longus, ramis stigmaticis 3

490

clavatis 3 mm. longis. Staminodia 3, filiformia, 6 mm. longa.
Nectana 3, conica, obtusa, 0*5 mm. longa. Fructus “ globosus,
sanguineus,” non visus. Semina elliptica vel subobovata, compressa,
circiter 1*2 cm. longa et 8 mm. lata.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6500-7500 ft., creeper, flowers
green, fruit a scarlet ball, Oct.-Nov. 1930, Major E J. and Mrs. Cyril
Lugard 143 (type, and $).

Uganda. Kyasoweri, Mt. Elgon, 6000-7000 ft., a climbing
savannah herb with greenish-yellow flowers, 16 April 1927, Snowden
1072 (<J).

The writer is indebted to Dr. H. Harms, who has examined this
plant and compared it with the Berlin material of the genus. A
member of the section Eutrochomeria, T. Harmsiana is remarkable for
the long filiform staminodia of the female flowers, which are inserted
at the extreme base of the tube of the receptacle, and alternate with
the minute conical nectaries. It will be observed that although
Mr. Snowden first collected this species on the Uganda side of
Mt. Elgon, he obtained male plants only, and the later specimens
collected by Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard on the Kenya Colony
side of the mountain, including both male and female plants, have
been therefore selected as the type.

Combretum elgonense Exell, sp. nov. [Combretaceae]; C.
ternifolio Engl, et Diels affine, sed receptaculo conspicue lepidoto.

Arbor circa 6-7 m. alta, ramulis pubescentibus. Folia altema
vel plus minusve tematim verticillata, petiolata, petiolo 10-18 mm.
longo pubescente, lamina obovata vel late elliptica vel fere suborbicu-
laria, 4-9 cm. longa, 3-5-5 *5 cm. lata, apice breviter obtuseque
acuminata vel obtusa vel rotundata, basi obtusa et plerumque acumi¬
nata, supra ad nervos sparsissime puberula, ceteroque glabra, nitidula,
subtus pubescentia et subinconspicue lepidota, lepidibus margine
haud contiguis, costis lateralibus utrinque 5-6 reticulatione supra
prominulo. Flores tetrameri sessiles, in spicis axillaribus elongatis
ad 8 cm. longis dispositi. Receptacuhm inferius ad 3-5 mm. longum
sparse puberulum et dense lepidotum, lepidibus margine contiguis,
superius supeme cupuliforme, infeme campanulatum, 3-5 mm.
longum, 4*5-5 mm. diametro, sparse puberulum et basin versus dense
lepidotum. Calycis lobi late deltoidei, o*8 mm. longi, 1*5 mm. lati.
Discus conspicuus, campanulatus, 3 mm. longus, 2*5 mm. diametro,
margine libero dense piloso, ceteroque glaber. Petala transverse
elliptica breviter unguiculata, i-8 mm. longa, i*6 mm. lata, glabra.
Staminum filamenta exserta, 4 mm. longa. Stylus exsertus, 5 mm.
longus, glaber. Fructus ignotus.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6100 ft., spreading tree to 20 ft.,
flowers green, 1 Feb. 1931, Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard $24.

This species belongs to Sect. Glabripetalae Engl, et Diels and
resembles C. ternifolium Engl, et Diels in the leaf-shape and the
verticillate arrangement of the leaves but differs from it in the
conspicuously lepidote receptacle.— A. W. Exell .

491

Hypericum afromontanum Bullock, sp. nov. [Hypericaceae]; H.
intermedio Steud. affinis, floribus capitato-congestis, petalis multo
majoribus, sepalis latioribus, glandulis stipitatis brevioribus crassi-
oribus, stylis brevioribus, foliis erectis multo minoribus parce
puberulis, caulibus simplicibus differt.

Herba perennis usque 45 (raro 60-90) cm. alta; caules annui,
simplices vel apicem versus parce ramosi, glabri vel praesertim
infeme puberuli, teretes, graciles, intemodiis basin versus circiter
1 cm. longis sed supra multo longioribus. Folia erecta, sessilia,
oblonga vel oblongo-lanceolata, apice rotundata usque subacuta,
basi truncata vel leviter auriculato-amplexicaulia, usque 2*3 cm.
longa sed plerumque circiter 1-5-2 cm. longa et 5-7 mm. lata,
utrinque puberula, plerumque nigro-glanduloso-punctata. Flores
5-meri, in cymas capituliformes terminales aggregati; pedunculi
usque 10 cm. longi sed saepe minores, circa vel supra medium
bracteis duabus oppositis praediti; bracteae foliis similibus sed
minores, basi glandulis nigris stipitatis (ut videtur subfasciculatis)
dense instructae, laminis glandulis nigris punctatis marginibus
laevibus vel glandulis nigris stipitatis praeditae (folia summa
interdum basi stipitato-glandulosae). Sepala ovato-lanceolata, apice
acuta, 5 mm. longa et fere 2 mm. lata, marginibus glandulis stipitatis
nigris ciliata. Petala lutea, rubro-vittata, inaequilateralia, obovata,
apice rotimdata, 8 mm. longa et usque 5 mm. lata, nigro-glanduloso-
punctata. Stamina 35 ; filamenta fere libera. Ovarium ovoideum,
1-5 mm. longum, glabrum, apice glandulis stipitatis 3 omatum;
styli 3, circiter 3 mm. longi. Fructus non visi.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 11,800 ft., erect herb to 18 in.,
flowers yellow striped with red, Dec. 1930, Major E. J. and Mrs.
Cyril Lugard 338 a (type); 11,000-12,000 ft., an uncommon single¬
stemmed moorland herb up to 18 in. high, leaves speckled black,
petals yellow with a red streak on the back, sepals and bracts with
stalked black glands, Feb. 1930, Gardner 2259.

Uganda Protectorate. Mt. Elgon. 10,000-12,000 ft., in
short grassland, a purple-stemmed herb 2-3 ft. high with red and
yellow flowers, 22 Oct. 1916, Snowden 479) 12,000 ft., a rare
herb with yellow flowers in swampy grassland on the west side of the
crater, Jan. 1918, Diimmer 3301 ; 11,400 ft., in grass country
below Madangi Camp, a herb 18 in. high, flowers yellow, March
1930, Liebenberg 1622.

Dr. Mildbraed very kindly examined this plant and without
hesitation declared it to be an undescribed species. Mr. Snowden
was the first to find this interesting species, but his specimens were
unfortunately badly damaged, and the flowers lost. It is hoped
that a figure and further notes will appear in an early number of
Hooker’s leones Plantarum.

Euphorbia Euryops Bullock, sp. nov. [Euphorbiaceae]; E.
Schimperianae Scheele affinis, caulibus simplicibus dense foliatis,
foliis anguste oblongis usque oblanceolatis, basibus prominentibus

492

tuberculiformibus folioram delapsorum valde distincta; habitu
ramuloram floriferoram E. efiicyfiarissias E. Mey., sed foliis minoribus
inflorescentiis majoribus multo laxioribus facile distinguitur; ab
ambabus ovario 2-loculari differt.

Herba perennis, usque 6 dm. alta; caules pilis crispis leviter
pubescentes, stricti, annui, petiolis tuberculiformibus folioram
delapsorum conspicue notati; rami floriferi cymam terminalem
4-7 radiatam efformantes, bracteis foliaceis oblongo-lanceolatis
2*5 cm. longis suffulti, ramis aliis similibus infra umbellam ex axillis
folioram orti. Folia brevissime petiolata, altema, spiraliter dis-
posita, exstipulata, anguste oblonga usque oblanceolata, apice
obtusiuscula, mucronulata, basin versus angustata, 3 *5-4*5 cm.
longa, 4-5 mm. lata, utrinque minute densissime papilloso-pustulata,
infeme decidua. Rami inflorescentiae 5-10 cm. longi, ramulis
brevibus secondariis 1-3 vel 4 praediti. Bracteae (saltern maturae)
saturate sanguineo-coloratae, oppositae, altera saepe mox decidua
altera persistente sessiles, ovatae usque rhomboideo-ovatae, apice
subobtusae, mucronulatae, basi cuneatae usque fere rotundatae,
usque 1*5 cm. longae et 8 mm. latae. Involucra solitaria, subsessilia,
campanulata, 1 mm. longa et circiter 1 mm. diametro, glandulis 4 et
glandula 1 abortiva minima cum lobis 5 inflexis oblongis vel ovatis
ciliatis apice obtusis vel bifidis altemantibus ; glandulae ambitu
suborbiculares, i*i mm. diametro, supeme crescentiformes.
Pedicelli floram masculoram filiformes, glabri. Filamenta brevia,
basi leviter incrassata, glabra. Antherae in alabastro suborbiculares,
0*4 mm. diametro, loculis ellipsoideis transverse dehiscentibus.
Ovarium 2-loculare; styli 2, biramosi. Capsula glabra, exserta,
graciliter pedicellata, bilocularis, leviter compressa, inter loculos
valde constricta, ambitu quadrato-suborbicularis, circiter 2 mm.
longa et lata, emarginata, basi truncata latissima, sursum satis
angustata, saepe marginibus apice leviter recurvata, obtuse sub-
rostrata. Semina oblongo-ellipsoidea, 1*5 mm. longa, apice unilater-
aliter caranculata, basi cordata, pallide cinerea, laevia.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 10,000 ft., erect to 2 ft., bracts
deep crimson, Dec. 1930, Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 380.

It is hoped that a figure and description of this species will appear
in an early part of Hooker’s leones Plantarum.

Crotalaria Lugardiorum Bullock, sp. nov. [Papilionaceae] ;
C. glaucae Willd. affinis, sed pilis brevibus basibus nigris vestita,
floribus majoribus, fractibus longioribus differt.

Herba annua, ramosa, usque 4*5 dm. alta; caules primum pilis
brevibus basibus nigris vestiti, demum glabrescentes. Folia
unifoliolata, subsessilia, lanceolata usque anguste lineari-lanceolata,
circiter 2*5-5 cm. longa et 0*3-1 *2 cm. lata, apice rotundata usque
acuta, mucronulata, basin versus angustata, supra glabra, subtus
pilis brevibus basibus nigris vestita, costa supra impressa, nervis
lateralibus utrinque circiter 5 sed saepe valde indistinctis. Inflores-
centia terminalis, racemosa, laxa, circiter 8-12-flora, usque 20 cm.

493

longa, pedunculis 4-6 cm. longis, pedicellis gracilibus 4-7 mm.
longis, bracteis minutis lineari-filiformibus deciduis circiter 2 mm.
longis, omnino pilis brevibus basibus nigris vestita. Calyx usque
7 mm. longus, profunde 5-lobatus, lobis lanceolatis valde acutis
5 mm. longis et 1 mm. latis, extra pilis brevibus adpressis basibus
nigris satis dense praeditus. Vexillum luteum, ellipticum, limbo

1 cm. longo et circiter 6 mm. lato, extra apicem versus leviter et
breviter adpresse pubescens. Alae oblongae, circiter 7 mm. longae,

2 mm. latae. Carina acuta, 1 cm. longa, infra medium angulo recto
curvata. Legumen cylindricum, 2-5 cm. longum, 5 mm. diametro,
pilis brevibus adpressis basibus nigris satis dense vestitum. Semina
parva, numerosa, longe funiculata, ovato-cordata.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6700 ft., a spreading herb to 1 ft.
high, flowers yellow above, russet below, 1 Feb. 1931 (fl. and fr.),
Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 530 ; 6500-7500 ft., spreading
herb to 18 in., flowers yellow above, russet below, Oct.-Nov. 1930,
Major E. J. Lugard 197 (type).

Dr. Harms, to whom the writer is indebted for examining the
specimens cited, is of the opinion that they are hardly distinguishable
from Crotalaria glauca Willd. The peculiar indumentum with which
the plants are more or less densely clothed is not, however, to be
seen on any of the numerous specimens of C. glauca preserved at
Kew, and this, coupled with the larger flowers and fruits, constitute
sufficient grounds for establishing a new species.

Trifolium Lugardii Bullock , sp. nov. [Papilionaceae]; habitu
T. simensis Fresen., sed T. Steudneri Schweinf. affinis, caulibus subsim-
plicibus, foliis longius petiolatis, foliolis et stipulis multo majoribus,
inflorescentiis majoribus, calyce corollae excedente differt.

Herba erecta, usque 6 dm. alta, subglabra. Folia glabra vel ad
apicem petiolorum leviter villosa, petiolis sulcatis 3-5 cm. longis,
foliola subaequalia, oblongo-lanceolata vel anguste oblonga, apice
subobtusa, mucronulata, basi subrotundata usque subacuta, mar-
ginibus acutissime serratis, nervis latcralibus numerosis subparal-
lelis adscendentibus; stipulae usque 3 cm. longae, ad petiolum
adnatae, bilobae, lobis liberis triangulari-lanceolatis acute acuminatis
circiter 1 cm. longis. Pedunculi solitarii, ex axillis foliorum
superiorum orti, circiter 6 cm. longi, glabri vel apicem versus
leviter villosi. Flores purpurei, brevissime pedicellati, in capitulis
involucratis dispositi; bracteae lanceolatae, acute acuminatae,
1-1*2 cm. longae. Calyx striatus, 11-12 mm. longus, dentibus
anguste lineari-lanceolatis 6-7 mm. longis corollam superantibus.
Corolla 9 mm. longa. Fructus non visi,

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6500-7500 ft., erect herb to 2 ft.
high, with purple flowers, Oct.-Nov. 1930, Major E. J. Lugard 97.

Although similar to T. smensis Fresen. in habit, the presence of a
conspicuous involucre of bracts subtending the heads of flowers
places T. Lugardii in the section Vesicastrum near to the annual
T. Steudneri Schweinf., from which it differs in habit, the greater size

494

of all its parts, and particularly in the relative lengths of the calyx
and corolla.

Astragalus elgonensis Bullock, sp. nov. [Papilionaceae] ; ab A.
somalensi Taub. var. Lindblomii Harms, caulibus repentibus, stipulis
persistentibus multo majoribus, racemis brevioribus densius
floriferis, floribus majoribus differt.

Herba repens, caulibus quadrangularibus vel sulcatis glabris.
Stipulae persistentes, ovato-triangulares, apice acutae, circiter i cm.
longae et 5 mm. latae, inaequilaterales, indisctincte nervosae,
glabrae. Folia imparipinnata, ambitu oblonga, 4-5-6-5 cm. longa.
Fohola 6-8-jugata, oblonga, circiter 1 cm. longa et 3-5 mm. lata,
utrinque rotundata, mucronulata, brevissime petiolulata, marginibus
parce albido-piloso-ciliatis, supra glabra, subtus costa albido-pilosa.
Racemi laterales, in toto circiter 2-5 cm. longi, usque 12-flori,
pedunculo 1-1-5 cm - longo parce nigro-puberulo, pedicellis 2 mm.
longis dense nigro-puberuhs, floribus caeruleo-roseis. Calyx anguste
campanulatus, 4 mm. longus, parce nigro-puberulus, dentibus
triangularibus usque 1*5 mm. longis. Vexillum, carinae et alae
subaequilongae, circiter 8 mm. longae. Fructus immaturi oblongi,
transverse nervosi, circiter 1-5 cm. longi et 4 mm. lati, apice basique
triangulari-acuti, glabri.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 12,800 ft., a creeping herb with
mauvy pink flowers, Dec. 1930, Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard
334 -

Dr. Harms has very kindly examined this plant and compared it
with the material in the Berlin herbarium, where it could not be
matched. The specimen cited is infected with the rust fungus
Uromyces Astragali (Opiz) Sacc.

Ferula montis-Elgonis Bullock, sp. nov. [Umbelliferae]; inter
species congeneres pedunculis brevibus, floribus bracteis inclusis
valde distincta.

Herba perennis, circiter 2 m. alta, omnino glabra. Folia basalia
magna, longe petiolata, pinnatim decomposita, segmentis ultimis
linearibus circiter 1 cm. longis et 1 mm. latis; lamina ambitu
triangulari-ovata, 30-40 cm. longa, 20-25 cm - lata vel ultra.
TJmbellae compositae, in inflorescentiis racemiformibus dispositae, ex
axillis bractearum productae; bracteae spathiformes apice saepe
foliis laminis valde reductis omatae, umbeHas superantes et includ-
entes ; pedunculi usque 6 cm. longi, apicem versus bracteolis duabus
instructi; radii numerosi, umbellato-radiati, circiter 3-5 mm. longi.
Calyx minutus, lobis triangularibus fere 0-5 mm. longis. Corolla
luteo-alba ; petala ovata, apice acute acuminata, acumine inflexa,
basi subcordata, 2 mm. longa et fere 1-5 mm. lata. Filamenta
1*5 mm. longa, filiformia. Antherae subglobosae, 0-75 mm. diametro,
basifixae sed inflexo-pendentes. Discus 2 mm. diametro, marginibus
undulatis. Styli minuti, obtusi. Fructus non visi.

495

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 12,000 ft., a herb up to 7 ft. high,
flowers cream, enclosed in pale green bracts, Dec. 1930, Major E. J.
and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 435.

The mountains of tropical Africa are comparatively poor in their
umbelliferous flora, and the material available for study is often
scanty. The large, pale green bracts of this species, the lower ones at
any rate crowned with a much reduced leaf lamina, are about twice
as long as the umbel which they protect, and in the young state, hide.

The writer is much indebted to Major Norman, of the British
Museum, who examined this plant and advised its description as a
new species.

Heracleum elgonense (Wolff) Bullock, comb. nov. [Umbelliferae].
—Malabaila elgonensis Wolff in Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin, viii.
231 (1922). Heracleum inexpectatum Norm, in De Wild. PI. Bequaert.
iv. fasc. 2, 308 (1927); et l.c. iv. fasc. 3, 355 (1928).

The material now available for study leaves no doubt that Major
Norman, of the British Museum, was correct in assigning this
species to the genus Heracleum Linn., and it is unfortunate that
the trivial used by him is antedated. At Brussels Dr. E. A. Meam's
specimens Nos. 1076,1429,1449, and 1464, all collected on Mt. Kenya
at about 11,000 ft., are preserved, and there is a specimen collected in
“ East Tropical Africa ” by Dr. Gregory at the Natural History
Museum. The type specimen, which was collected by H. Granvik in
1920, at about 11,000 ft. on Mt. Elgon, is preserved at Berlin. The
following specimens are incorporated in the Kew Herbarium :—

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, moorland, 9000-13,000 ft., a
herb up to 3 ft. high, outer petals of the outer flowers of each umbel
greatly enlarged, flowers greenish-white, Dec. 1930, Major E. J. and
Mrs. Cyril Lugard 405. Mt. Kenya, common between 11,000 and
14,000 ft. (received at Kew in Jan., 1912), Hulchins 397;
upper alpine region, about 2 ft. high, flowers white, foetid, Feb. 1922,
R. E. and Th. C. E. Fries 1372.

Uganda Protectorate. Mt. Elgon, above Bulembuli, a tall
herb growing near a stream, April 1930, Liebenberg 1681.

Tylophora Lugardae Bullock, sp. nov. [Asclepiadaceae]; T .
tenuipedunculatae Ii. Schum. affinis, sed caulibus pubescentibus,
pedunculis brevioribus minus gracilibus, floribus majoribus differt.

Herba volubilis, caulibus gracilibus primum breviter patente
hirsutis demum glabrescentibus. Folia lanceolata vel oblongo-
lanceolata, 3-4-5 cm. longa, 1-1-5 cm. lata, basi obtusa vel subro-
tundata, apice acuta, mucronulata, supra costa impressa pubescente,
cetera utraque mox glabrescentia, nervis lateralibus indistinctis,
petiolis circiter o-i-x cm. longis supra canahculatis et pubescentibus.
Pedmculi subaxillares vel sublaterales, glabri, graciles, circiter
1-5 cm. longi, fasciculis vel cymis duabus subdistantibus 3-6-floris
praediti, bracteis minutis lanceolatis hirsuto-ciliatis, pedicellis
glabris 6-8 mm. longis. Calyx fere ad basin lobatus, lobis lanceolatis

496

acutis i mm. longis. Corolla rotata, i-2 cm. diametro, lobis viridibus
ovatis subacutis vel gradato-acuminatis 5 mm. longis et fere 3 mm. latis
utraque glabris sed marginibus saepe ciliatis. Coronae lobi tuberculi-
formes longitudinaliter oblongi, columnam staminalem adnati, 2 mm.
longi, apice in apiculo camoso lineare 0*5 mm. longo producti.
Stylus truncatus. Fructus non visi.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6500 ft., a twiner, flowers green
with maroon centre, 22 May, 1931, Mrs. Cyril Lugard 656.

Collected at the same time as, and evidently growing mixed with
Cynanchum altiscandens K. Schum., this plant is proposed as new
with some reserve. In its leaves and stems it bears a striking
resemblance to species of Cynanchum, though the inflorescence and
flowers are quite different. T. Lugardae differs from its close ally,
T. tenuipedunculata K. Schum., in its stouter and shorter peduncles,
larger flowers, and hairy stems; it is named in honour of the
collector.

Oldenlandia scopulorum Bullock, sp. nov. [Rubiaceae]; inter
species sectionis Euoldenlandiae habitu subericoideo caespitoso
distincta.

Herba perennis, glabra, usque 10 cm. alta; caules annui,
caespitosi, simplices vel parce ramosi, supeme floriferi, intemodiis
circiter 5-15 mm. longis. Folia linearia 1-1*5 cm. longa et usque
i*5 mm. lata, uninervia, apice acuta, mucronulata, supra minute
densissime papilloso-pustulata, ceterum laevia, marginibus valde
recurvis. Flores circiter 3, in cymis axillaribus dispositi, pedunculis
circiter 5 mm. longis, pedicellis 2-3 mm. longis, in statu fructifero
longioribus. Calyx (ovario incluso) 2*5 mm. longus, lobis 4 triangu-
lari-subulatis circiter 1*2 mm. longis. Corolla alba vel pallide
purpureo-rosea, 5 mm. longa, tubo anguste infundibuliformi, limbo
4-lobato, lobis late triangularibus subacutis 2 mm. longis. Capsula
subglobosa, calycis dentibus persistentibus coronata, circiter 2 mm.
diametro, membranacea. Semina minuta, nigro-viridia, ambitu
obovata, lateraliter triangulariter compressa, minute rugosa.

Kenya Colony : Mt. Elgon, 7500 ft., around rocks in open
spaces, a herb 3 in. high with white flowers, Oct.-Nov. 1930, Major
E . J. Lugard 49 (type); 8250 ft., by rocks, herb with pale mauve-
pink flowers, Dec. 1930, Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 346.

This is a cushion-forming perennial herb growing in rock-crevices.
It is allied to a number of species of the section, but is at once
distinguished by its tufted habit. The writer is indebted to Dr.
Mildbraed for the report " nicht in Herb. Berol.”

Rubia longipetiolata Bullock, sp. nov. [Rubiaceae]; petiolis
laminis duplo longioribus vel ultra, laminis anguste ovatis vel
lanceolatis gradatim acutis distincta.

Herba scandens; caules graciles, quadrangulares, angulis
aculeatis ceterum glabri. Folia longissime petiolata, petiolis usque
8 cm. longis aculeatis, laminis anguste ovatis vel lanceolatis apice

) 497

gradatim acutis basi rotundatis vel cordatis usque 4 cm. longis et
circiter 1 cm. latis supra leviter scabridis infra subglabris vel glabres-
centibus marginibus aculeatis e basi 5-nervis. Cymae paniculatae,
axiUares, pedunculis 1-5-2*5 cm. longis, pedicellis gracilibus 5 mm!
longis. Calyx minutus, 4-5-lobulatus, glaber. Corolla viridis,
rotata, 3 mm. diametro, lobis late ovatis subacutis. Fructus (non
visi) " nigri.”

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6500-7500 ft., climbing herb,
flowers green, fruit “ a black berry,” Oct.-Nov. 1930, Major E. J.
Lugard 204 (type). Eldama Ravine and Mau, 1898, A. Whyte s.n.

Uganda Protectorate. Without exact locality, a jungle
creeper with rough square stems and greenish-white flowers, May
1880, C. T. Wilson uy. Mwengi, Toro, 5000 ft., 1913, Snowden 41.

Galium mollicomum Bullock, sp. nov. [Rubiaceae]; inter species
afromontanas caulibus molliter pubescentibus haud aculeatis, foliis
8-natis leviter et molliter hispidis vel subglabris marginibus haud
aculeatis distincta.

Herba suberecta vel repens, circiter 2-3 dm. alta ; caules sub-
quadrangulares, ramosi, dense molliter pubescentes, haud aculeati.
Folia 8-nata, linearia, circiter 1-1*5 cm. longa, leviter et molliter
hispida vel subglabra, marginibus laevibus, uninervia, apice acutis-
sima. Flores lutei, in cymis paucifloris axillaribus dispositi; bracteae
oppositae, foliis similes. Calyx minutus, subtruncatus. Corolla
rotata, fere ad basin lobata, lobis patentibus ovatis subacutis
1 *75 mm. longis et 1 mm. latis. Ovarium dicoccum, ambitu globosum,
1 mm. diametro, glabrum. Fructus non visi.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 12,000 ft., Battiscombe 675;
11,000 ft., a trailing herb with yellow flowers, Dec. 1930, Major E. J.
and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 400 ; 11,800 ft., herb 8 in. high with yellow
flowers, Jan. 1931, Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 400a (type).

Uganda Protectorate. Mt. Elgon, bamboo zone, April
1930, Liebenberg 1619; Madangi Camp, 10,000 ft., herb about
9 in., in grass, April 1930, Liebenberg 1621 ; 10,000 ft., edge of forest,
Aug. 1930, Soundy and Hancock 81.

var. Friesiorum Bullock, var. nov., a typo caulibus subglabris
vel brevissime puberulis differt.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Kenya, about 7500 ft., Dec. 1921, R. E.
and Th. C. E. Fries 479 (type); 1549. North-west slopes of Aberdare
Mts., 7000 ft., Dowsonffl, Summit of Mau, 10,000 ft., woody herb
in damp situations, Mettam 183.

Galium afro-alpinum Bullock, sp. nov. [Rubiaceae]; inter
species afromontanas foliis crasse aculeatis 6-natis ceterum glabris
distincta.

Herba repens vel scandens; caules ramosi, angulares, angulis
aculeatis vel saepe laevibus, haud pilosi. Folia 6-nata, parva,
linearia, usque 1 cm. longa et plerumque 1 mm. lata, marginibus
crasse recurvo-aculeatis, uninervia. Ramuli floriferi brevissimi,

498

axiUares, ad apicem flores 1-3 ferentes ; pedicelli usque 1 mm. longi.
Calyx obsoletus. Corolla pallide lutea vel viridi-lutea, rotata, 4 mm.
diametro, lobis ovatis subacutis 1*5 mm. longis et fere 1 mm. latis.
Fructus nigri, dicocci, laeves, 2 mm. diametro.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 11,500 ft., herb with greenish
yellow flowers climbing on Artemisia afra Jacq., Feb. 1930,
Gardner 2245 ; 10,000-12,000 ft., creeping or climbing herb with pale
yellow flowers, Dec. 1930, MajorE. J. and Mrs.CyrilLugard 363 (type).
Lake Naivasha: 6000 ft., Dec. 1893, Scott Elliott 6516 ; 6000 ft.,.
26 June 1931, van Someren ex Napier 1200. Mt. Kenya, climbing on
Senecio keniodendron Fries in the upper alpine zone, 5 Feb. 1892,
R. E. and Th. C. E. Fries 1276a.

Uganda Protectorate. Mt. Elgon, 13,000 ft., climbing on
stems of giant Senecio sp. near the summit, Jan. 1918, Diimmer 3375 ;
bamboo zone, 9500 ft., Aug., 1930, Soundy and Hancock 10.

Gynura montuosa ( 5 . Moore) Bullock, comb. nov. [Compositae].—
Senecio moniuosus S. Moore in Joum. Linn. Soc. Bot. xxxv. 354
(1902), incl. var. minor S. Moore, l.c. 355.

An examination of the style arms of this species leaves no doubt
that it should be transferred from Senecio to Gynura. A large
number of specimens from Uganda, Kenya Colony, Tanganyika,
Nyasaland, Belgian Congo, Cameroons and Southern Nigeria, is now
preserved in the Kew herbarium. It was collected on Mt. Elgon by
Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard (Nos. 44 ; 258 ; 350).

Senecio Lugardae Bullock, sp. nov. [Compositae] ; a S. Theodori
K. Afz. foliis basalibus longe petiolatis laminis oblanceolatis multo
brevioribus, capitulis multo minoribus recedit.

Herba perennis, ramis floriferis pauce foliosis erectis usque 45 cm.
altis, striatis, puberulis. Folia basalia oblanceolata, apice rotundata,
basi in petiolam usque 6 cm. longam gradatim angustata, marginibus
repando-dentata; lamina usque 6 cm. longa et 2 cm. lata, utraque
pilis glandulosis puberula; folia caulma minores, oblongo-
oblanceolata, sessilia, basin versus angustata, subamplexicauha,
superiores lineares, multo reducta. Inflorescentia terminalis, pauci-
capitulata, cymosa; pedunculi capitulorum glanduloso-puberuli,
graciles, circiter 5-15 mm. longi, circa medium bracteo parvo lineare
instructi. Capitula cylindrico-campanulata, circiter 9 mm. longa et
4 mm. diametro, homogama. Bracteae involucri lineares, acutae,
appendiculatae, 7 mm. longa et 1 mm. lata, extra glanduloso-
puberula, margine hyalinae, appendicibus alabastro conniventibus
sub anthesin reflexo-patentibus. Flores hermaphroditi, circiter 25 ;
corolla 5*5 mm. longa ; antherae 2 mm. longae, basi caudatae.
Pappi setae albae, sub anthesin 6 mm. longae. Achenia immatura
leviter puberula.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6700 ft., erect herb to 18 in.,
flowers buff, Feb. 1931, MajorE. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 541.

499

The writer is indebted to Dr. Mildbraed for the report" Senecio
prob. nov. spec., nicht in Herb. Berol."

Ghironia elgonensis Bullock, sp. nov. [Gentianaceae] ; C. angol-
ensi Gilg affinis, sed floribus minoribus sanguineis numerosioribus,
foliis brevioribus basi leviter amplexicaulibus haud angustatis facile
distinguitur.

Herba elata, usque i-2 m. alta, omnino glabra, laxe ramosa,
caulibus quadrangularibus anguste alatis. Folia sessilia, lanceolata,
apice subacuta, basi latissima leviter amplexicaulia, trinervia,
superiores (sub inflorescentia) circiter 4 cm. longa et 1*3 cm. lata.
Inflorescentia cymoso-paniculata, magna, laxa, floribus numero-
sissimis. Calyx 5 mm. longus, fere ad basin lobatus, lobis anguste
triangularibus acutis 4 mm. longis dorsaliter alato-carinatis.
Corolla sanguinea, persistens, tubo calyce aequilongo, lobis suberectis
lanceolatis acutis circiter 10 mm. longis et 4 mm. latis. Filamenta
complanata, 1-5 mm. longa. Antherae oblongae, 5 mm. longae, basin
versus dorsifixae, laete flavae, valde tortae, dense minutissimo-
papilloso-punctulatae. Ovarium oblongo-ellipsoideum, 6 mm.
longum, 3 mm. diametro, laxe minute flavido-punctulatum. Stylus
persistens, circiter 5 mm. longus, stigmate oblongo 1 mm. longo
brevissime piloso. Capsula ovario leviter longior, valvis 3 demum
recurvis. Semina numerosa, minuta.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6500-7500 ft., found only in one
swamp, an erect herb up to 4 ft. high, with crimson flowers, Oct.-
Nov. 1930, Major E. J. Lugard 21.

The writer is indebted to Dr. Mildbraed for examining this plant
and comparing it with the material of the genus in the Berlin
Herbarium. It is extremely interesting as a representative of an
almost entirely southern genus.

Swertia Lugardae Bullock, sp. nov. [Gentianaceae]; S. wojera-
tensi N. E. Br. similis, sed foliis minoribus, sepalis brevioribus,
corollae segmentis unilateraliter purpureo-vittatis differt.

Herba perennis, erecta, glabra, usque 15 cm. alta; caules
simplices vel e basi ramosi. Folia pauca, decidua, trinervia,
elliptico- vel oblongo-spathulata, inferiores usque 2 cm. longa et
075 cm. lata, vix petiolata, sed basin versus angustata. Cymae
paniculatae, saepissime 3-florae, pedunculis (terminalibus et later-
alibus) adscendentibus usque 2*5 cm. longis, pedicellis 1-2 cm. longis.
Calyx persistens, fere ad basin 5-lobatus, sub anthesin circiter 3 mm.
longus, statu fructifero usque 6 mm. longus, lobis oblongis vel
oblongo-spathulatis sub anthesin 1 mm. latis marginibus saepe
purpureo-lineatis. Corolla persistens, circiter 8 mm. longa, 5-lobata,
lobis oblongis 3 mm. latis albis vel luteo-albis sed late purpureo-
vittatis (vittis unilateralibus) intus basin versus binectanferis;
nectaria basi longe caudata. Filamenta dorsiventraliter compressa,
3 mm. longa; antherae oblongae, 1-2 mm. longae, loculis dimidio
inferiore liberis. Ovarium lanceolatum, 3 mm. longum, stigmatibus

500

2 sessilibus hemisphaericis 0-5 mm. diametro. Capsula lanceolata,
usque 1 cm. longa. Semina parva, baud alata.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 11,800 ft., an erect rock plant up
to 3 in. high, flowers white with purple stripes, Dec. 1930, Major
E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 409 (type). Aberdaxe Mts., Loreko,
8000 ft., by stream side, an erect herb up to 6 in. high, flowers
yellowish, tinged with green and purple, 18 July 1931, Napier 1231.

The writer is indebted to Dr. Mildbraed for examining specimens
of this species at Berlin, where it could not be matched. A member
of the section Binectariatae, S. Lugardae is chiefly remarkable for the
broad purple stripes on the backs of the corolla segments. These
are unilaterally disposed, and owing to the contorted aestivation,
are outside in the bud stage. There is thus a sharp contrast between
the purple buds and the white or pale yellow open flowers, a character
which at once distinguishes it from the Abyssinian S. wojeratensis
N. E. Br., which has pink flowers.

Plumbago montis-Elgonis Bullock , sp. nov. [Plumbaginaceae] ;
aspectuP. amplexicaulis Oliv., sed floribus roseo-purpureis minoribus,
corollae tubo calyce vix excedente, auriculis foliorum minoribus
differt.

Herba glabra vel glabrescens, statura ignota. Folia (saltern
superiora) sessilia, elliptica vel obovata, apice obtusa vel subacuta,
vix acuminata, basin versus gradatim angustata, basi amplexicauli-
auriculata, in exemplare viso usque 18 cm. longa et 8 cm. lata, glabra,
marginibus integris vel leviter irregulariter crenatis vel basin versus
praesertim undulatis. Panicula parce ramosa, ramis apicem
versus dense stipitato-glandulosis. Flores roseo-purpurei, breviter
pedicellati, ex axillis bracteolarum orti, bracteolis ovatis amplexi-
caulibus puberulis circiter 3 mm. longis. Calyx anguste tubulosus,
sicco sulcatus, circiter 1 cm. longus, limbo minuto roseo, pills glandu-
losis sparse omatus, ceteroque leviter puberulus vel glabrescens.
Corolla circiter 17 cm. longa, anguste tubulosa ; tubus supra calycem
in limbo circiter 5 mm. longo gradatim incrassatus. Fructus non visi.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6500 ft., in moist shady places,
spikes very sticky, flowers magenta, 18 May 1931, Mrs. Cyril
Lugard 657.

Although closely allied to the blue-flowered P. amplexicaulis
Oliv., which was sent to Kew in 1875 by Lieut. Cameron from the
district south of Lake Tanganyika, and has not since been collected,
the present plant is easily distinguished by its magenta-coloured
flowers ; the corolla-tube of P. montis-Elgonis is only slightly longer
than the calyx, whereas in P. amplexicaulis the tube is at least twice
as long as the calyx, and frequently attains an even greater length.
The auricles at the leaf-base of Oliver’s species are also much larger
than in the present plant, though it is doubtful if such a character
will prove constant when a large series of specimens becomes
available.

50i

Justicia striata ( Klotzsch) Bullock, comb. nov. [Acanthaceae].—
Adhatoda striata Klotzsch in Peters, Reise Mossamb. 216 (1861).
Justicia Melampyrum S. Moore in Trans. Linn. Soc. ser. 2, Bot. iv.
32 (1894) ; C. B. Clarke in Dyer, FI. Trop. Afr. v. 199 (1900).

The name J. Melampyrum was evidently maintained by C. B.
Clarke in accordance with the old Kew rule, but the International
Rules require the above name-change. The plant is an erect herb
1 ft. high with axillary cymes of pink flowers, occurring in Kenya
Colony, Uganda westwards to Ruwenzori, and southwards to Nyasa-
land,and westwards through Rhodesia to Angola. Major Lugard
collected it (No. 242) on Mt. Elgon at 7000 ft.

Calamintha elgonensis Bullock, sp. nov. [Labiatae] ; inter
species africanas floribus multo majoribus valde distincta; a C.
svmensi Benth. foliis densius pilosis, habitu majore suffruticoso,
floribus multo majoribus differt.

Herba suffruticosa, ramosa, aromatica, usque 1 m. alta,
omnibus partibus pilis albis longe molliterque dense pubescens, ramis
novellis quadrangularibus intemodis circiter 1-2 cm. longis demum
subteretibus et lignosis. Folia opposita, subsessilia, late ovata,
apice obtusa, basi truncata vel subcordata, circiter 1*5 cm. longa et

1- i* 2 cm. lata, supeme marginibus crenatis, nervis lateralibus
utrinque circiter 5, infra satis dense glanduloso-punctata. Flores
caeruleo-rubri, in cymas 2-10-floras axillares dispositi; pedunculi
usque 1 mm. longi, pedicellis gracilibus circiter 5 mm. longis. Calyx
cylindricus, 12-14-costatus, extra longe pilosus et aurantiaco-
glandulosus, leviter bilabiatus, tubo circiter 7 mm. longo, intus infra
faucem pilis longis erectis annulato, labio superiore 3-dentato,
inferiore 2-dentato, dentibus triangularibus acutissimis 1-1*5 mm -
longis. Corolla obliqua, obscure bilabiata, 1*8 cm. longa, extra pilis
longis albis vestita, tubo inferne anguste cylindrico superne (parte e
calyce exserto) valde ampliato, labio superiore 6 mm. longo 3-lobato,
lobis subaequalibus ambitu rotundatis obtusis 3-3*5 mm. diametro,
labio inferiore elliptico-rotundato 6 mm. diametro, apice 2-fido.
Stamina 4; filamenta complanata, 7*5 mm. longa ; antherae parvae,

2- locellatae. Stylus 1*2 cm. longus, stigmate lineari 1 mm. longo.
Nuculae brunneae, ellipsoideae, 1*25 mm. longae, x mm. latae.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 12,000 ft., aromatic, erect to 3 ft.,
flowers mauve, Dec. 1930, Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 364

(type).

Uganda Protectorate. Mt. Elgon, above Butandiga Camp,
11,000-12,000 ft., April 1930, Liebenberg 1660.

This species is remarkable among its African congeners for its
large flowers; otherwise it is closely allied to C. simensis Benth.
which also occurs on Mt. Elgon (. Snowden 435 ; Lugard 40) at from
8000-10,000 ft. It is, however, more densely hairy, and of somewhat
woody habit.

503

Leucas (§ Astrodon) tricrenata Bullock , sp. nov. [Labiatae];
L. masaiensi Baker affinis, sed foliis oblongis apice 3- (raro 4-) crenatis,
bracteis lineari-subulatis longe setaceo-pilosis haud subfoliaceis,
calyce dimidio inferiore subglabro differt.

Herba perennis, ramis ascendentibus leviter pilosis. Folia
brevissime petiolata, oblonga, apice ambitu rotundata vel truncata,
crenis 3 (raro 4) praedita, basi breviter cuneata, 8-14 mm. longa et
4-7 mm. lata, utraque pilis longis vestita et ciliata, infra dense
glanduloso-punctata. Flores albi, numerosi, in verticillastras densas
axillares 1-3 dispositi; bracteae lineari-snbulatae, usque 5 mm.
longae, setaceo-pilosae. Calyx infundibuliformis, sub anthesin 6 mm.
longus, circiter 6-8 dentatus et costatus, dentibus brevibus acutis,
extra supeme pilosus, infeme subglaber, intus glaber, statu fmctifero
paullo major, supeme transverse rugoso-venosus. Corolla 1*2 cm.
longa, bilabiata, labio superiore extra dense albido-villoso bifido,
inferiore extra leviter piloso trifido, tubo intus circa medium pilis
brevibus densis patentibus incomplete annulato.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 8600 ft., spreading herb to 12 in.
high, flowers white, Jan. 1931, Major E. J. and Mrs Cyril Lugard 471
(type). Nandi Forest, 7000 ft., herb about 6 in., flowers white.
Sir Harry Johnston s.n.

Aloe elgonica Bullock , sp. nov. [Liliaceae]; ab A. Hildebrandtii
Baker foliis crassioribus dentibus majoribus, pedicellis congestioribus
longioribus, floribus multo majoribus recedit.

Habitus erectus, usque 1*3 m. altus (teste collectore). Folia
crassa, succulenta, elongato-triangularia, acuta, 20 cm. longa,
sed matura probabiliter longiora, marginibus regulariter pungente
dentata, dentibus triangularibus 7 mm. longis basi usque 1 cm. latis.
Inflorescentia paniculata, glabra; rami dense floriferi, racemiformes;
bracteae scariosae, patentiae, ovatae, apice subulato-acumir^ae,
1 cm. longae et 2-5 mm. latae; pedicelli persistentes, arcuato-
patentes, 2-5 cm. longi et satis crassi. Perianthium aurantiaco-
miniatum, persistens, anguste cylindricum, 4 cm. longum, 3*5 mm.
diametro, 6-nervium, nervis latis, lobis anguste oblongis obtusis 5 mm.
longis basi 2 mm. latis apicem versus ad 1 mm. latis angustatis.
Filamenta gracilia, perianth! aequantia ; antherae oblongae 4 mm.
longae, basin versus dorsifixae, minutissime papillato-pustulatae.
Ovarium ambitu anguste ovatum, apice obtusum, circiter 6 mm.
longum; stylus circiter 3-4 cm. longus, stigmate minute bilobo.
Capsida coriacea, extra rugoso-reticulata, intus nitida, 3-valvata,
ambitu anguste elliptica, apice basique obtusa, usque 1*5 cm. longa
et 6 mm. diametro. Semina nigro-grisea, membranaceo-alata, 6 mm.
longa.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6500-7500 ft., erect to 4 ft,, flowers
orange-scarlet, Dec. 1930, Major E. J. Lugard 299.

Chlorophytum elgonense Bullock , sp. nov. [Liliaceae]; a C.
blepharophyllo Schweinf. omnibus partibus minoribus, floribus
bracteas haud excedentibus recedit.

503

Herba parva, usque 2 dm. alta, glabra. Folia membranacea,
circiter 10-12, oblongo-lanceolata, gradatim acutissima, usque 18 cm!
longa et 2 cm. lata, nervis parallelis circiter 18-20 distinctis, nervis
transversis distantis indistinctis. Inflorescentiae solitariae yel
paucae, simplices, foliis paullo superantes, bracteis membran-
aceis anguste lanceolatis subulato-acuminatis inferioribus usque
2 cm. longis saepe minutissime ciliatis. Flores ex axillis bractearum
2-3 fasciculati, albi, pedicellis usque 3 mm. longis. Perianthium
bracteas haud excedens, circiter 4-5 mm. longum, segmentis oblongis
obtusis vix 1 mm. latis. Filamenta filiformia, 1-5 mm. longa.
Antherae oblongae, 2 mm. longae. Ovarium ovoideum, 1 mm. longum
Capsula ambitu oblonga, profunde sulcata, anguste alata, circiter

7 mm. longa et 5 mm. diametro.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6500 ft., rhizomatous herb up to

8 in. high, with white flowers, 16 April 1931, Major E. J. and Mrs.
Cyril Lugard 629.

Drimia congesta Bullock, sp. nov. [Liliaceae]; D. robustae Baker
affinis, floribus congestioribus majoribus, pedicellis brevioribus
crassioribus differt.

Herba bulbosa; bulbus sicut folia ignota. Pedunculus
sulcatus, usque 1 m. altus, floribus ad apicem in racemumspiciformem
circiter 15 cm. longum congestis. Pedicetti erecti, satis crassi,
circiter 4 mm. longi, sed inferiores usque 6 mm. longi. Bracteae
scariosae, infeme 2 cm. longae, 3*5 mm. latae, dorsaliter roseo-
purpureo-vittatae, lanceolatae, apice acute acuminatae, cucullo dorso
2-5 mm. longo praeditae. Perianthium luteo-album, segmentis
dorsaliter roseo-purpureo-vittatis linearibus 1-5 cm. longis apice
subpatulo-cucullatis, tubo 4 mm. longo. Filamenta filiformia, fauce
inserta, circiter 1-3 cm. longa. Antherae oblongae, dorsifixae,
i*5 mm. longae, purpureae. Ovarium oblongum, 5 mm. longum ;
stylus fere 1 cm. longus, basin versus articulatus. Capsula oblongo-
obovoidea, sulcata, usque 1 cm. longa. Semina triangulari-com-
pressa, nigra, oblonga, fere 4 mm. longa.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 8700 ft., a bulbous herb up to 3 ft.
high, flowers cream with mauve lines, 6 Jan. 1931, Major E. J. and
Mrs. Cyril Lugard 474.

Drimia elgonica Bullock, sp. nov. [Liliaceae]; a D. zombensi
Baker omnibus partibus multo majoribus rccedit.

Herba erecta, bulbosa ; * bulbus sicut folia ignota. Pedunculus
3*5-9 dm. floribus ad apicem in racemum sublaxum usque
20 cm. longum dispositis. Pedicetti patentes vel adscendentes,
circiter 5-10 mm. longi. Bracteae scariosae, circiter 1 cm. longae et
2 mm. latae, anguste lanceolatae, acute acuminatae, cucullo dorso
parvo praeditae, dorsaliter roseo-vittatae. Perianthium griseo-
album, fauce saturate rubro-vittatum, segmentis linearibus 1*2 cm.
longis apice^ subpatulo-cucullatis, tubo cylindrico 5 mm. longo.
Filamenta filiformia, fauce inserta, x cm. longa. Antherae oblongae,

504

2 mm. longae, dorsifixae. Ovarium ovoideum, 4 mm. longum;
stylus 1 cm. longus, basi articulatus. Capsula matura non visa,
ut videtur globosa.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6900 ft., erect bulbous herb to

3 ft., flowers appearing before the leaves, dirty white with maroon
throat, 15 March, 1931, Major E. J. and Mrs. CynlLugard 565 (type);
6,700 ft., bulbous herb 15 in. high with dirty white flowers, 4 March,
1931, Major E. J. and Mrs. CynlLugard 569.

Urginea porphyrantha Bullock, sp. nov. [Liliaceae] ; ab U.
altissima Baker omnibus partibus multo minoribus recedit.

Herba parva usque 1*5 dm. alta. Folia novella oblongo-lanceolata
vel lanceolata, apice acuta, basin versus in vaginam sensim angustata,
10 cm. longa, 1-5 cm. lata, glabra, marginibus membranaceo-hyalinis.
Pedunculi usque 10 cm. longi; racemi laxiflori 10 cm. longi;
bracteae lanceolato-subulatae, 2 mm. longae; pedicelli patentes,
graciles, 1-5-2 cm. longi. Perianthium saturate rubro-purpureum,

6- 5 mm. longum, segmentis uninervis oblongo-ellipticis obtusis
2 mm. latis. Filamenfa complanata, 3 mm. longa. Antherae
oblongae, 1 mm. longae. Ovarium ovoideum, 2 mm. longum. Stylus
2 mm. longus. Capsula non visa.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6500 ft., bulbous herb, erect to
6 in., flowers maroon, 16 March, 1931, Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril
Lugard 556.

Crinum heterostylum Bullock, sp. nov. [Amaryllidaceae], inter
species africanas heterostyla, filamentis brevibus, antheris fere
basifixis rectis (nec arcuatis), distinctissima.

Bulbus membranaceo-tunicatus, ovatus, circiter 6 cm. diametro.
Folia circiter 6, disticha, liguliformia, apice rotundata usque sub-
acuta, 10-20 cm. longa, 1-5-2 cm. lata, leviter camosa, marginibus
minutissime scabridis. Pedunculus lateralis, 10-15 cm. longus,

7- 5 mm. latus et circiter 2-5 mm. crassus, spathae valvis triangu-
laribus membranaceis circiter 3-5 cm. longis basi 1 cm. latis, bracteis
linearibus 2-3 cm. longis. Perianthium album demum roseum,
vel lobis roseo-carinatis, circiter 10 cm. longum, tubo anguste
cylindrico usque 6 cm. longo et 2-5 mm. diametro, lobis lanceolatis
acutis circiter 4 cm. longis et 1 cm. latis. Stamina 2-seriata;
filamenta linearia, 5-7 mm. longa; antherae lineari-oblongae,
4-5 mm. longae, basin versus dorsifixae. Stylus inclusus, 4 cm.
longus, vel leviter exsertus et 6-5 cm. longus, sed stamina nunquam
excedens. Bacca circiter 1-5 cm. diametro.

Uganda Protectorate. Kabaroni, Mt. Elgon, 6000-7000 ft.,
in peaty soil on rocks, 6-12 in. high, bulbs large, flowers white inside
with pale pink stripes, red outside, pedicels red, 12 April, 1927,
Snowden 10$$ (type).—Sabei name “ Singotyo.”

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6000-7000 ft., small plants
growing in shallow soil on exposed rocky patches, flower-heads 9 in.
high, flowers white inside, pink outside, Eeb. 1930, Gardner

505

22J6; 7700 ft., plants up to 6 in. high, with flat, ribbon-like leaves
and flattened scapes, flowers cream, veined with pink or yellow,
Dec. 1930, Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 421.

Bulbs of this plant, sent to Kew by Lady Muriel Jex-Blake from
her garden, flowered towards the end of July, 1931, and the above
description, although taken from the herbarium material cited, is in
exact agreement with the living plant. 11 is not, however, so success¬

ful from a horticultural standpoint as are some other well-known
species. The flowers arc at first pure white, then the keels of the
perianth-lobes begin to turn pink, the colour spreading and gaining
strength first outside then inside, until the whole flower is almost
uniformly pink. In fairly bright sunlight, the colour change was
complete at Kew in about 48 hours. The strap-shaped leaves
become very flaccid at the time of flowering and, although quite
glabrous, are almost silky to the touch.

Commelina elgonensis Bullock, sp. nov. [Commelinaceae]; inter
species africanas floribus azureo-purpureis majoribus longe pedi-
cellatis valde distincta.

Herba erecta, usque 1*5 dm. alta, glabra vel satis dense pilis
albidis longiusculis vestita. Folia lanceolata vel ovato-lanceolata,
apice subacuta, basi in vaginam brevem vel usque 1 cm. longam
leviter angustata, usque 6 cm. longa et 1*7 cm. lata, utrinque glabra
usque satis dense albido-pilosa. Spathae solitariae, multiflorae,
pedunculo usque 4-5 cm. longo sed saepe breviore, usque 2-5 cm.
longae, acute acuminatae. Flos solitarius longissime pedicellatus,
pedicello usque 2*5 cm. longo, ceteris floribus ad apicem pedunculi
fere 1 cm. longi in cymis scorpioideis ortis, pediceflis usque x cm.
longis. Petalum ventralum major; lamina suborbicularis, usque
1 cm. diametro. Capsula non visa.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 6700 ft., appearing after grass
fires, an erect herb to 6 in. high with bluish-mauve flowers, 4 March
1931, Major E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard $49.

Commelina Lugardii Bullock, sp. nov. [Commelinaceae]; aspectu
C. subulaiae Roth sed foliis brevioribus, spathis densius
pubescentibus differt.

Herba repens, pubescens, caulibus repentibus sulcato-striatis,
intemodiis circiter 6 cm. longis, floriferis subsimplicibus erectis
circiter 6-10 cm. longis. Folia lineari-subulata, usque 3*5 cm. longa,
parce pilosa vel subglabra, marginibus incurvis ; vaginae satis dense
longe pilosae, 5-10 mm. longae. Spathae solitariae, subterminales,
2-3-florae, extra pilis longis purpureis vel albis dense indutae et
ciliatae, purpureae vel purpureo-nervosae, marginibus haud connatis,
ambitu maequilateraliter ovatae, acutae, usque 1 cm. longae.
Flores pahide aurantiaci, ceterum ut inC. subulatae Roth apparentes.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 8000 ft., a trailing herb with buff-
orange flowers, Oct.-Nov. 1930, Major E. J. Lugard 145 .

506

Eriocaulon Friesiorum Bullock, sp. nov. [Eriocaulonaceae]; E.
Schimperi Koemicke ex Engl, affinis, foliis angustioribus apice
subacute angustatis, bracteis involucri nigris vel brunneo-nigris
majoribus haud demum reflexis differt.

Herba robusta, acaulescens. Folia numerosa, late linearia,
plana, 5-15 cm. longa, circiter medium 7-9 mm. lata, glabra, apicem
versus subacute angustata. Peduncuh 2-4, circiter 7-sulcati,
5-25 cm. longi, 1*5 mm. diametro ; vaginae usque 7 cm. longae,
apice limbo 2-lobato omatae, lobis 2 cm. longis triangularibus acutis.
Capitula 1-1-5 cm. diametro, semi-globosa, monoica, receptaculo
glabro. Involucri bracteae nigrae vel brunneo-nigrae, 2-3-seriatae,
ovatae vel ellipticae, vel interiores apicem versus ovato-spathulatae,
circiter 3 mm. longae et 1-5 mm. latae, interdum extra apicem
versus albido-pilosae ; bracteae floriferae nigrae, oblongo-spathu-
latae, 3-5 mm. longae et 1*5 mm. latae, apicem versus dense albido
ciliatae et pilosae, apice acutae. Flores foeminei subsessiles, sepalis
late ellipticis vel ovatis 3 mm. longis et 1-5 mm. latis acutis saturate
nigro-viridibus apicem versus pilis albidis barbatis, petalis lineari-
oblanceolatis vel spathulatis 2-5 mm. longis et 0-5 mm. latis apicem
versus glandulo nigro omatis et albido-pilosis. Flores masculi
similes, sed petalis in tubum coalitis. Stamina 2-4, exserta;
antherae globosae, nigrae. Fructus non visi.

Kenya Colony. Aberdare Mts., in swamp in the upper
bamboo zone, about 10,000 ft., 17 March 1922, R. E. and Th. C. E.
Fries 2402 (type) ; in moorland glades in the bamboo zone above
8000 ft., Gardner u$g. Mt. Elgon, 10,200 ft., Feb. 1932, Mrs.
Cyril Lugard 673.

Orchidaceae (V. S. Summerhayes).

Holothrix (§Scopularia) elgonensis Summerhayes, sp. nov.;
affinis H. pleistodactylae Kraenzl. a qua planta robustiore, floribus
fere duplo majoribus, labello supra calcar vix gibboso, calcari pro
rata crassiore differt.

Herba terrestris, 27-39 cm. alta; tuber ellipsoideum, 1*5 cm.
longum. Folia bina, saepius radicalia, humistrata, camosa,
inferius orbiculare, 2-4 cm. longum, 3-5*5 cm. latum, superius multo
minus, ovatum, 1*5-3 cm. longum, 1-2 cm. latum, fere glabra,
densiuscule ciliata. Scapus strictus, dense retrorseque pubescens.
Spica secunda, dense multiflora, 4-9 cm. longa, rhachi sparsiuscule
pubescente, bracteis ovatis acutis vel acuminatis densiuscule pilosis
2*5-10 mm. longis. Flores patentes, albidi, interdum roseo- vel
pallide purpureo-tincti. Sepalum intermedium anguste ovatum,
acutum, breviter acuminatum, 4 mm. longum, 2 mm. latum;
sepala lateralia ovata, acuta vel acuminata, basi margine anteriore
cordata, 5 mm. longa, 2*5-3 mm * l a * a > omnia sepala uninervia,
extra longiuscule pilosa. Petal a obcuneata, triente superiore 4-6-
partita, partitionibus linearibus, in toto 8 mm. longa, 2 mm. lata,
glabra. Labellum anguste flabellatum, triente superiore 13-partitum,

507

partitionibus linearibus, in toto g mm. longum, partitionibus exclusis
4-5 mm. latum, glabram, infeme columnam subamplectens ; calcar
subconicum vel late cylindricum, leviter curvatum, obtusum,

2- 5-3 mm. longum. Columna brevissima, obtusa, 1*5 mm. longa.
Ovarium 2*5 mm. longum, pubescens.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, 10,200 ft., Dec. 1930, Major
E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 379 ; 10,500 ft., Jan. 6th, 1931, Major
E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 379a (type).

This species is closely allied to H. pleistodactyla Kraenzl., recorded
from Kilimanjaro, but differs in being much larger in all its parts
except the column. It may prove later to be only a large form of
Kraenzlin’s species but the differences are so great as to make specific
segregation advisable until more is known of this group. The genus
Holothrix requires careful collecting in as many places as possible
since the relation of many of the described species to one another
remains very obscure.

Platycoryne montis-Elgon ( Schltr .) Summerhayes, comb. nov.—
Habenaria montis-Elgon Schltr. in Notizbl. Bot.-Gart. Berl. viii. 225
(1922).

Satyrium (§ Chlorocorys) dizygoceras Summerhayes, sp. nov. ;
forsan S. leptopetalo Kraenzl. affine, a quo ovario papilloso, sepalis et
petalis papillato-pubescentibus, calcaribus secondariis 0-5 mm.
longis additis, rostelli lobo intermedio producto apice triangulari
differt.

Herba terrestris usque 50 cm. alta. Folia non visa. Scapus
erectus, teres, cataphyllis lanceolatis vel ellipticis acutis vel
acuminatis vaginantibus fere omnino obtectus. Spica cylindrica,
usque 22 cm. longa, circiter 2*5 cm. diametro, sublaxe multiflora ;
bracteae sub anthesi reflexae, lanceolatae, acuminatae, usque 2*5 cm.
longae, floribus longiorcs. Flores suberecti vel erecto-patentes,
virides, ovario papillato 7-10 mm. longo. Sepala cum petalis per

3- 3*5 mm. connata ; sepali intermedii pars libera obovato-cuneata,
obtusa, 2*2 mm. longa, 0*75-1 mm. lata, papillato-puberula ; later-
alium pars libera semilunata, acuta, 2*5-3 mm * longa, 1*5-1 *6 mm.
lata, fere glabra. Peialorum pars libera cuneato-obovata, obtusa,
1*8-2 mm. longa, 0*6-07 mm. lata, dense papillato-pubescens et
ciliolata. Labellum ellipsoideo-globosum, lateraliter compressum,
basi sepalis lateralibus per 2 mm. longum connatum, 6-6*5 mm *
longum, ostio angusto marginibus recurvulis, apice recurvatum,
denticulatum, papillosum; calcaria 4, 2 posteriora cylindrica,
dependentia, tenuia, circiter 2 cm. longa, 2 anteriora sacciformia,
obtusa, 0*5 mm. longa. Columna leviter incurvata, 3 mm. longa;
labium stigmatiferum fere orbiculare, 2 mm. diametro; rostellum
2*5 mm. longum, basi 1*5 mm. latum, trilobum, lobis lateralibus
dentiformibus, lobo intermedio ex ungue leviter curvata deltoideo
obtuso basi ± truncato.

508

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, about 7000 ft., April 1931, Major
E. J. and Mrs. Cyril Lugard 595.

This is yet another species in sect. Cfdorocorys with an additional
very short spur in front of each of the normal long spurs. From S.
sacculatum Rolfe it is distinguished by the smaller flowers and much
longer spurs ; S. shirense Rolfe differs, inter alia, in having radical
leaves at the base of the flowering stem whereas in S. dizygoceras they
are apparently on separate sterile shoots. In general characters
the species seems to approach nearest to S. leptopetalum Kraenzl.
from which it may be distinguished by the characters given in the
diagnosis.

Eulophia montis-Elgonis Summerhayes , sp. nov.; E. abyssinicae
Rchb. f. et E. dichromae Rolfe proxima, ab utraque florum colore,
labelli lobo intermedio obovato-oblongo obtuso, ab ilia labelli lobo
intermedio nervis breviter barbatis praedito, ab hac floribus duplo
minoribus differt.

Herba terrestris usque 1 m. alta, basi non visa. Folia inferiora
in vaginas ± foliatas redacta, superiora anguste lanceolata, vero-
similiter acuta, utroque angustata, basi in petiolum falsum producta,
sub anthesi in toto 60 cm. longa, medio 2*5-3 cm. l a * a - Scapus
teres, cataphyllis paucis acutis longe amplectentibus fere omnino
obtectus. Racemus cylindricus, 8-12 cm. longus, 4-5 cm. diametro,
infeme laxiuscule, supeme dense, usque 25-florus; bracteae lineari-
lanceolatae vel lineares, aristatae, usque 3*5 cm. longae. Flores
rosaceo-lilacini, subnutantes, pedicelhs cum ovario suberectis
2-2*5 cm. longis gracilibus. Sepalum intermedium lanceolato-
ovatum, 18 mm. longum, 8-9 mm. latum; sepala lateralia oblique
oblongo-ovata, apiculata, 18 mm. longa, 10 mm. lata. Petala
oblique oblongo-lanceolata, apiculata, 13 mm. longa, 6 mm. lata.
Labellum e basi cuneata trilobatum, 14-15 mm. longum, 11 mm.
latum; lobus intermedius obovato-oblongus, rotundatus, 7 mm.
longus, 5*5 mm. latus, infeme venis barbatis ; lobi laterales leviter
divergentes, oblique oblongi, obtusi, 4 mm. longi; discus carinis
duabus rectis parallelis secus jugum acute canaliculatis antice
subito truncatis et vena incrassata inter carinas instructus; calcar
anguste cylindricum, obtusum, 3 mm. longum. Columna leviter
incurvata, antice excavata, 6 mm. longa, pede 2 mm. longo.

Kenya Colony. Mt. Elgon, May-June 1931, Major E. J . and
Mrs. Cyril Lugard 663.

A striking species with relatively broad leaves appearing with
the flowers, a rather short raceme of pinkish-mauve flowers and a
narrow cylindrical spur. It is most closely related to the species
mentioned in the diagnosis.

Aerangis floribunda (Rolfe) Summerhayes, comb. nov. Listro-
stachys floribunda Rolfe in Kew Bull. 1918, 236.

509

LXVIII.—NOTES ON THE FLORA OF SOUTHERN AFRICA :
III. Miscellaneous New Species. J. Hutchinson.

Amellus capensis Hutch . comb. nov. [Compositae]— Haenelia
capensis Walp. Rep. ii. 974 (1843). Kraussia capensis Sch. Bip.
in Flora, xxvii. 672 (1844). Amellus Lychnitis var. flosculosus Benth.
ex Harv. in Harv. & Sond. FI. Cap. iii. 62 (1864).

Caules ascendentes, arcuati, usque ad 30 cm. alti, obtuse costati,
adpresse pubescentes, dense foliati. Folia inferiora opposita, late
linearia, basi semiamplexicaulia, apice rotundata, 4-5 cm. longa,
6-7 mm. lata, i-nervia, utrinque brevissime pubescentia. Capitula
solitaria, discoidea, longe pedunculata, magna, circiter 2 cm.
diametro; pedunculi paucibracteati, bracteis subfoliaceis.
Incolucri bradeae circiter 5-seriatae, numerosissimae, ab exteriori
gradatim longiores, exteriores oblongo-oblanceolatae, apice triangu-
lari-acutae, interiores lineari-oblongae, circiter 1 cm. longae, extra
adpresse pubescentes. Receptaculi paleae lineari-oblanceolatae,
membranaceae, supra medium serrato-ciliatae. Flores omnes
disciformes, flavi. Achaenia complanata, supeme setulosa, pappo
coroniformi brevissimo serrato coronata.

South Africa. Cape Div.: near Cape of Good Hope, Cape
Peninsula, Pillans 4120. Swellendam Div. : sandy soil near Klein
River mouth, Dec., Krauss 575 (type).

This is so distinct from A. Lychnitis Linn., that it is surprising
that Harvey, who had a critical eye, did not keep them specifically
distinct. Besides there being ray-flowers present in A. Lychnitis ,
the pappus and paleae of the receptacle are quite different, whilst
the involucral bracts are equally distinct.

Corymbium Fourcadei Hutch, sp. nov. [Compositae], affinis C.
scabro Linn, f., sed foliis obscurissime 3-nervis pustulato-punctatis,
bracteolis ultimis minoribus differt.

Caulis usque ad 30 cm. longus, scabrido-puberulus, basi dense
villosus, foliorum delapsorum basibus persistentibus indutus.
Folia radicalia pauca, erecta, late linearia, rigide subacuta, 8-12 cm.
longa, 6-10 mm. lata, glabra sed minutissime pustulato-punctulata,
obscure 3-nervia, marginibus cartilagineis et stramineis; folia
caulina pauca, lanceolata, 1-3 cm. longa, pustulato-puberula.
Corymbi circiter 4 cm. diametro; rami scabrido-puberuli, bracteis
paucis subfoliaceis ovato-lanceolatis, bracteolis ultimis subulatis
brevibus; pedunculi ultimi brevissimi. Capitula uniflora;
bracteae 2, imbricatae, oblanceolatae, apice obtusae vel subtrun-
catae, purpureo tinctae, 8 mm. longae, extra scabrido-pubescentes.
Flos breviter stipitatus. Achaenia dense villosa, pappo breviter
cupulari margine inciso coronata. Corollae tubus 2 mm. longus, lobis
late lanceolatis 5 mm. longis. Antherae 2-5 mm. longae. Styli^mi
3 mm. longi.

South Africa. Uniondale Div.: Blaauw Bosch Pass, north
side, 2200 ft., Nov. 1923, flowers light purple, Fourcade 2849 (type).
Blaauw Bosch Berg, 5000 ft., Dec. 1925, Fourcade 3153.

510

Disparago rosea Hutch, sp. nov. [Compositae], foliis spiraliter
tortis, capitulis glomeratis vel solitariis 5-8-floris, floribus radii
papposis distincta.

Fruticulus intricato-ramosus, usque ad 25 cm. altus; ramuli
numerosi, dense foliati, adpresse pubescentes. Folia altema,
spiraliter torta, 2-3 mm. longa, subacicularia, mucronata, supra
demum glabra, infra adpresse lanata. Capitula solitaria vel glom-
erata, sessilia, radiata. Involucmm cylindricum, 4-5 mm. longum ;
bracteae brunneae, circiter 4-seriatae, glabrae, exterioribus ovato-
lanceolatis subobtusis leviter carinatis interioribus oblongis circiter
5 mm. longis basin versus subhyalinis. Flores radii plerumque
2-3, rosei; corollae tubus anguste cylindricus, limbo elliptico apice
irregulariter 2-3-dentato; achaenia glabra; pappi setae circiter
12, basi connatae, supeme plumosae. Flores disci 3-5, purpurei;
achaenia et pappi setae ut in floribus radii.

South Africa. Uniondale Div.; hills near Avontuur, 2800 ft.,
Oct., Fourcade 1663.

This beautiful little plant is clearly related to a species described
by Bolus as Amphiglossa Kolbei. Both species have a pappus which
is plumose in the upper half, a character belonging to Disparago and
not to Amphiglossa, wherein the pappus bristles are markedly
plumose right to the base. In general habit also these two species
most resemble Disparago in that the flower-heads tend to become
clustered at the ends of the shoots. They might be regarded as
rather primitive species because some of the heads are solitary and
the achenes of both sexes are provided with a pappus. Following
this view it is necessary to transfer Bolus’ species as Disparago
Kolbei Hutch., comb. nov.

Scilla violacea Hutch, sp. nov. [Liliaceae], inter species austro-
africanas caulibus bene evolutis, foliis lanceolatis infra purpuras-
centibus et nitidis supra cinereis viridi irregulariter notatis, filamentis
violaceis distincta.

Caules usque ad 8 cm. longi, rubro-purpurei, glabri, 3-5-foliati.
Folia lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, basi longe vaginata, apice
submucronata, 7-10 cm. longa, 2-2-3 cm. lata, tenuiter camosa,
glabra, supra cinerea, viridi irregulariter notata, infra purpurea et
nitida. Racemi axillares et terminales, suberecti; pedunculi
circiter 10 cm. longi, fusco-virides, 2 mm. crassi, circiter 20-flori;
pedicelli nutantes, albi, supeme violaceo tincti, 8 mm. longi.
Perianthii segmenta 2-seriata, oblonga, obtusa, 3*5-4 mm. longa,
2 mm. lata, viridia, marginem versus pallidiora. Stamina segmentis
aequilonga; filamenta infeme pallida, superne intense violacea;
antherae flavae. Ovarium depresso-globosum, viride, profunde
6-lobatum, glabrum, 2-5 mm. diametro; stylus 3 mm. longus,
pallidus, apice violaceo tinctus.

South Africa. Uitenhage Div.: Klein River, near Hankey;
cultivated at Kew from bulbs collected by J. Hutchinson and F. R.
Long in September 1930.

Encephalartos kosiensis Hutch . sp. nov. [Cycadaceae], acaulis,
foliolis confertis et leviter imbricatis lobo terminali hand conspicuo
valde distincta.

Planta acaulis vel fere acaulis. Folia probabiliter circiter i m.
longa; rachis supra anguste canaliculata, glabra ; foliola circiter
20-juga? conferta et leviter imbricata, oblongo-elliptica, sessilia,
basi latissima et utrinque plus minusve rotundata, apice 3-5-lobata,
lobis late triangularibus pungentibus, marginibus dentibus 2-4
lateralibus minoribus armatis, 8-15 cm. longa, 3-5 cm. lata, nervis
parallelis satis tenuibus circiter 25. Strobili non visi.

South Africa. Zululand: behind sand-dune bush near Kosi
Lake, East Ingwavuma district, Aitken & Gale 63. Kosi Bay, Col.
Lugge in Natal Herb. 16507. Cultivated by Col. G. Molyneux at
the “ Old Fort,” Durban, July 1930.

I have seen only two leaves of this apparently distinct species,
and further material, including a photograph, is very desirable for
the Kew Herbarium. It is no doubt allied to E. ferox Bertol. from
Mozambique, which I have not seen, but which is described as having
a stem about 2\ ft. high and 1 ft. in diameter, and narrower leaflets.

LXIX.—MISCELLANEOUS NOTES.

The Director has been elected an Honorary Fellow of King’s
College, Cambridge.

Principles of Soil Microbiology.— We regret that in the
review of the second edition of this work, which appeared in K.B.
1932, 413, the increase in price over the first edition was commented
on with surprise. This increase is, of course, due to the fall in value
of the pound which has taken place since the first edition appeared,
and which has increased the price of all American publications.

Printed under the authority of His Majesty’s Stationbby Office,
By The South Essex Recorders', Ltd., High Boad, Ilford.

(708) Wt. 71/28 926 12/82 SJE.R. Ltd. Gp. 8.

512

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

BULLETIN OF
MISCELLANEOUS
INFORMATION

APPENDIX I, 1932

REVIEW OF THE WORK OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC
GARDENS, KEW, DURING 1931

LONDON

PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OTFICE

To be purchased directly fiom H M STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses
Adastral House, Kingswaj, London, WCS, ISO, George Stieet, Edinburgh,

Y ork Street, Manchester, 1 St Andrew s Crescent, Cardiff,

16, Donegall Square West, Belfast,
or through any Bookseller

1932

Price Is 4 d Net

70-52-I-32

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.
LIST OF STAFF.

31 ST December, 1931 .

Head Office.

Director —Sir A. W. Hill, K M.A., Sc.D., D.Sc. (Adelaide),

F.R.S., F.L.S., F.N.Z.Inst.

Assistant Director —J. S. L. Gilmour, B.A., F.L.S.

Economic Botanist —H. C. Sampson, C.I.E., B.Sc., F.L.S.

Botanists—J. Aikman, M.B.E.

W. N. Winn.

Herbarium and Library.

Keeper —A. D. Cotton, F.L.S.

Deputy Keeper —T. A. Sprague, D.Sc., F.L.S.

Botanists —S. A. Skan.

Miss E. M. Wakefield, M.A., F.L.S.

W. B. Turrill, D.Sc., F.L.S.

J. Hutchinson, F.L.S.

C. V. B. Marquand, M.A., F.L.S.

V. S. Summerhayes, B.Sc.

Miss M. L. Green, B.A., F.L.S.

F. Ballard, B.Sc.

C. E. C. Fischer (India).

R. A. Dyer, M.Sc. ( South Africa).

Temporary Botanists —N. Y. Sandwith, B.A.

C. E. Hubbard.

E. W. B. H. Milne-Redhead, M.A.
Assistant Botanist —E. Nelmes.

Temporary Assistant Botanists —A. R. Horwood.

H. K. Airy-Shaw, B.A.

A. A. Bullock, B.Sc.

Miss C. I. Dickinson, B.A.

Artist—G. Atkinson.

Hon. Associate (' Transplant and Breeding Experiments) —E. M.
Marsden-Jones, F.L.S.

Jodrell Laboratory.

Assistant Keeper—C. R. Metcalfe, M.A., Ph.D.

Museums.

Keeper —W. Dallimore.

Assistants —J. H. Holland, F.L.S.

F. N. Howes, M.Sc.

Gardens.

Curator— T. W. Taylor.

Assistant Curators—J. Coutts (Greenhouse and Ornamental),
C. P. Raffill temperate).

A. Osborn (Arboretum).

L. Stenning (Tropical).

G. W. Robinson (Herbaceous).

BULLETIN of MISCELLANEOUS
INFORMATION Appendix I 1932
ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

REVIEW OF THE WORK OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC
GARDENS, KEW, DURING 1931.

General.

Staff. —The year 1931 has been a particularly sad one for Kew
owing to the lamented death on June 28th of Major Thomas Ford
Chipp, M.C., D.Sc., Assistant Director since August 1st, 1922,
{K.B. 1931, pp. 397 > 433 ).

Mr. J. S. L. Gilmour was appointed to fill the vacant post of
Assistant Director (K.B. 1931, p. 459), and took up his duties on
October 21st.

Mr. R. A. Dyer has been appointed Assistant for South Africa
in the Herbarium by the Government of the Union of South Africa,
in succession to Mr. C. A. Smith.

Mr. G. W. Robinson was appointed Assistant Curator in charge
of the Herbaceous and Rock Garden Department (K.B. 1931,
p. 105), to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Mr. A. E.
Edwards.

We record with pleasure the award of the V.M.H. to Mr. W.
Dallimore and of the Associateship of Honour to Mr. T. W. Taylor
by the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society.

Interchange of Officers. —The very valuable interchange
arrangement between Kew and the Queensland Department of
Agriculture terminated early in the year and Mr. W. D. Francis and
Mr. C. E. Hubbard resumed their duties in their respective institu¬
tions in the spring.

Official Visits,—The Director, as recorded in last year’s
Review, was in South and East Africa during the winter months of
3:930-31. Thanks to the kindness of the Government of the Union
of South Africa and to the admirable arrangements made by Dr. I. B.
Pole Evans, C.M.G., for a comprehensive tour in the Cape Province,
Natal, the Free State and the Transvaal, and to Professor R, H.
Compton for his hospitality at Kirstenbosch and for arranging the
programme for the time spent around Cape Town, a most interesting
tour was made and a report* has been sent to the Prime Minister of
the Union. An extensive tour was made in the Cape Province,

* Extracts from this report have been published in the Journal of the
Botanical Society of South Africa, part xvii, p. 6, 1931.

including a stay at Kirstenbosch and Whitehill, and visits were
paid to the Bolus, South African and Marloth Herbaria ; Table
Mountain was explored with Dr. Marloth, and Stellenbosch
University, the Rhodes Farms and other centres of agricultural and
botanical interest near Cape Town were visited.

Travelling by car by way of Mossel Bay, George, Knysna and
the Zitzikama Forest to Port Elizabeth, in the company of Mr. F. S.
Laughton, Forest Officer, many historic plant localities were
examined and collections of seed for Kew were made. From Port
Elizabeth onwards, when Mr. R. A. Dyer was in charge of the
arrangements, fine groves of Encephalartos were visited and also the
Sunday’s River plantations. A visit was paid to Grahamstown and to
the Fauresmith Experiment Station near Bloemfontein with Dr. Pole
Evans, and the very interesting research work that is bemg carried
on there by Dr. Henrici in connection with over-grazing problems
was carefully studied. Visits were paid to the Gardens and Experi¬
mental Plantations in Natal, in and around Pietermaritzburg and
Durban and some time was spent in examining the research
work of the University Colleges and of the Union Agricultural
Department at Durban. Opportunities were afforded, thanks to
Professor Bews, Mr. McClean, Colonel Molyneux and many others,
of seeing many interesting features of the native vegetation near
Durban and collections of seeds were made for Kew.

The visit to the Union concluded with a stay of some days at
Pretoria. During this time the very interesting and important
series of varieties and species of the Woolly-finger Grass (Digitaria)
and other experiments with grazing plants at Prinshof were carefully
studied under the guidance of Dr. Pole Evans. The Herbarium
and Research Department of the Department of Agriculture were
fully inspected and visits were paid to Onderstepoort with Dr. du
Toit, and to other institutions in and around Pretoria and Johannes¬
burg. The Gardens around the Union Buildings with their collection
of Aloes, Cycads, etc., were also examined and a visit was paid to
Fountains, a very beautiful park, where it is hoped to establish a
Botanic Garden for Pretoria in which a representative display of
plants native to the Transvaal could be assembled, together with a
collection of allied exotic plants.

Proceeding to Southern Rhodesia, the Director visited the
Rhodesian Museum with Dr. Arnold and saw the small historic
Herbarium collection; the Matopo Agricultural School with
Dr. Haylett, the Principal, and the Matopos Park under the able
guidance of Mr. Bertram Woods, the Curator. Many interesting
plants were in flower and some collections were made. It was
obvious that the whole Matopos area is worthy of a careful Botanical
Survey.

A visit was paid to the Victoria Falls where the Director was
kindly met by Mr. Pardy, Forest Officer, whose knowledge of the
botany of the district added greatly to the value of his visit. Some

collections of dried specimens and seeds were made ; Efwatakala
grass (Melinis), was noticed in the vicinity of the Falls and Aloes,
Sansevierias, Stapelias and Ceropegias were noticed growing either
on the vertical rocks of the Fall itself or in the shade of bushes in the
damp soil of Cataract Island at the edge of the Falls.

On the journey to Beira a stay was made at Salisbury, where
the Director was the guest of His Excellency the Governor, and full
opportunity was afforded him of inspecting the many valuable
activities of the Agricultural Department. It was especially
gratifying to note the growth of the Botanical Department and the
Herbarium, and to see the useful work being done at the Experi¬
mental Station with pasture grasses and fodder crops. From Beira
the Director took ship to Zanzibar and thence to Mombasa. At
Zanzibar he was met by Mr. Kirkham, then Director of Agriculture,
and was most kindly entertained by His Excellency the Resident
during his stay in the Island. Thanks to the kindness of Mr.
Kirkham, the Director was able to visit several Clove plantations
and Coconut groves and to see the other activities of the Agricultural
Department. He also had the honour of an interview with H.H.
the Sultan and visited the Shamba da Balotzi, Mbweni, the historic
old home and garden of Sir John Kirk when he was Consul-General.

In Kenya the Director was the guest of Dr. and Lady Muriel
Jex-Blake. He was conducted over the Scott Laboratories and the
grounds of the Agricultural Department by Mr. Alex Holm and
members of his staff, and saw all the various activities of the Depart¬
ment, in particular the valuable wheat-breeding work which is being
carried on and the many difficult problems which have arisen in
connection with rusts and rust-resistance. The work of the
Forestry Department was studied under the guidance of Mr. H. M.
Gardner, Conservator of Forests, and with him an excursion was
made to the Juniper and Podocarpus forests on the slopes of Mount
Kenya ; here some living plants and seeds were collected for Kew.
The interesting Arboretum and Forestry Herbarium at Nairobi were
carefully studied, and a visit was paid to the Coryndon Museum
where the admirable collections were examined with great interest.
The Herbarium, under the charge of Miss Napier, and the botanical
work in progress at the Museum should prove of great value to the
Colony.

Uganda was reached on January 12th and the Director was then
joined by Mr, Stockdale, Agricultural Adviser, Colonial Office.
During their stay at Entebbe they were the guests of His Excellency
the Governor. They were present at the opening of the Jinja Bridge
over the Nile close to the Ripon Falls by His Excellency on
January 14th, 1931, and travelled in the first train to cross the
Bridge, His Excellency driving the engine.

The Director and Mr. Stockdale were then taken by Mr. Tothill,
Director of Agriculture, for an extensive tour of some days through
Bugishu, Teso, Lango, Bunyoro and the Buganda Territory. The

Agricultural Stations were carefully inspected at Bukalasa, Bugusege,
Budadiri—at the foot of Mt. Elgon—Serere, Arungo, Lira, Ngetta,
Massindi—where the new Tobacco drying sheds were inspected—
Mr. Stafford's Coffee and Rubber plantations near Hoima and various
native Coffee shambas. At the Experiment Stations particular
attention was paid to the important work being done on Cotton,
Coffee, Cassava, Sugar Cane, and Bananas. The tour covered some
iooo miles in Uganda and collections of living and dried plants and
seeds were made and brought back to Kew. The Laboratories, Herb¬
arium and Experiment Grounds at Kampala were examined, and a
visit was paid to Makerere College, which is doing very valuable
educational work in the Protectorate; the agricultural educational
work was also inspected. While at Entebbe, the Director paid
several visits to the Botanic Garden, which is beautifully situated on
the Lake shore and planted with a very interesting collection of
native trees, ferns and shrubs. He was able to put forward some
suggestions for its further development and improvement, which it
is hoped may be carried out.

After a further short stay at Nairobi, the Director with
Mr. Stockdale, Mr. Tothill and Mr. Holm proceeded, by way of
Voi and Moshi—where a large Coffee Estate was visited on the slopes
of Mt. Kilimanjaro—to the Amani Research Station, Tanganyika
Territory. Here, at the request of the Secretary of State, he attended
the Conference of East African Directors of Agriculture. This
occupied the first week in February, and the Report of the Conference
has now been published. Ample opportunities were afforded of
seeing the work in progress in the Herbarium and Library, both of
which were in excellent order, the Pathological, Chemical, Physio¬
logical and Genetical Departments. In all the Departments
important long range research was in progress and some valuable
results were being obtained, especially with regard to the yellows-
disease of Tea and shade problems relating to Coffee. The planta¬
tions, the very useful vegetable garden and the nurseries were
carefully studied and the important work in progress on Sisal,
Cinchona and other economic crops was examined.

During the visit to Amani, something was seen of the beautiful
country around the Station and its interesting flora, and excursions
were made with the Botanist and other members of the stafl. To
the Director and staff of the Research Station the Director is deeply
grateful for all their help and kindness during his memorable stay at
Amani He was particularly impressed with the work which had
been done by the Superintendent of Plantations, who, in addition
to his horticultural work, had been responsible for the construction
of the road from Sigi to Amani, and many other constructional
works at the Station.

The Director left Tanga on February ioth, and after a three days’
stop at Kilindini (Mombasa), during which a visit was paid to Kalifi

and Gede, Kew was reached via Marseilles and Calais on the evening
of March 7th.

The Director also attended the celebration of the Bicentenary
of the foundation of the Royal Dublin Society on June 25th and
presented an address (K.B. 1931, p. 461).

In response to a request to obtain for Kew propagating material
of the Cavendish Banana from the Canary Islands, Mr. J. Wardle of
Messrs. Yeoward Brothers very generously provided Mr. H. C.
Sampson, Economic Botanist, with a return passage on one of their
ships to Teneriffe and Grand Canary and further rendered him all
possible help in selecting the planting material which was required
and in studying the cultivation of Bananas in those islands.
Mr. Sampson also had an opportunity of seeing something of the
Tomato industry in Grand Canary.

The planting material thus obtained is being propagated in the
banana quarantine house at Kew. Suckers from this material are
being despatched to the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture,
Trinidad, as they become available.

In connection with Resolution No. 7 of the Fifth International
Botanical Congress the Keeper of the Herbarium paid a visit to
Berlin in August. An informal meeting was held at Dahlem and
methods of dealing with urgent taxonomic needs and of obtaining
the necessary financial assistance were discussed. Advantage of the
opportunity was taken to compare a number of specimens in the
Herbarium and to discuss various problems with members of the
staff. A brief call was also paid to the Jardin Botanique de
L’Etat at Brussels for the same purpose, and the return journey
was made via Copenhagen and Lund in order to consult the Agardh
Herbarium on matters concerning marine algae.

Miss M. L. Green, Assistant for the Index Kewensis, paid a
short visit to Sweden during June, in order to make a search in
certain libraries for periodicals and separate works containing names
and descriptions of new genera and species not accessible in this
country. The Institutions concerned were the Bergianska Trad-
garden, Riksmuseum, Academy of Sciences at Stockholm and the
Library of the University and the Botanic Garden at Uppsala. As a
result of this visit many additional names were obtained for the
Index Kewensis and several valuable gifts were received for Kew
{see pp. 40 and 51).

Mr. N. Y. Sandwith paid two short visits to the Musdum
d'Histoire naturelle at Paris m order to study type specimens of
Guiana species in connection with his studies on the Flora of British
Guiana.

Mr. C. E. Hubbard returned to duty at Kew on June 5th after
the completion of his year’s stay in Queensland, where he had been

attached to the Department of Agriculture and Stock, in exchange
with Mr. W. D. Francis {see K.B. Appendix 1 ,1931, pp. 1 and 2).

He arrived in Brisbane on April 3rd, 1930. During the first
nine months he was engaged in revising and classifying the large
collection of grasses in the Queensland Herbarium. Throughout
this period Mr. C. T. White, the Government Botanist, very kindly
arranged numerous collecting trips to all parts of the Moreton
District. Several visits were made to the Glass House Mountains,
where many rare plants were obtained. The Queensland Field
Naturalists Club kindly permitted him to join several of their
excursions, the most important being to Stradbroke Island in
Moreton Bay. Other places visited were the Macpherson Range,
Main Range near Toowoomba, Mistake Range, Tambourine
Mountain, Albert River and Bribie Island.

A week was spent on Fraser Island with the Australasian Ornitho¬
logical Union; here over 250 different species were collected.
Mr. Hubbard was enabled to join a surveyor’s camp for a few days
in the country near Miles, in the western part of Darling Downs
District, which was badly infested with “ Prickly Pear ” {Opuntia
spp.). Many of the more interesting plants collected on this trip
were obtained from the Dividing Range, between Wandoan and
Miles.

On the approach of summer, Mr. C. T. White was able to arrange
extensive expeditions into the main grassland belts of Queensland.
Mr. Hubbard was fortunate in being often accompanied by Mr. C.
Winders, of Brisbane University, who rendered very great assis¬
tance in drying the plants collected. Early in January they left
Brisbane for Mungallala, Charleville and Cunnamulla. Important
collections were made and several species not previously recorded
for Queensland were gathered. The return journey was broken at
Mitchell, Amby, Miles, Chinchilla and Macalister. Unfortunately,
owing to lack of rain, many areas were in too poor a condition to be
visited. The main collecting expedition to Northern and Central
Queensland occupied nearly two months. The most important
areas investigated were Sarina, Bowen, Townsville, Charters Towers,
Torrens Creek, Prairie, Hughenden, Nonda, Cloncurry, Duchess,
Mount Isa, Cairns and Chillagoe. At the last place many of the
species collected by Dr. Domin in 1910 were found, and nearly 60
different grasses were gathered. Whilst at Hughenden they were
taken through the basalt country to Chudleigh Park, where the
grasslands were in excellent condition. The return journey to
Brisbane was made via Winton and Longreach, through the Mitchell-
grass country. In Central Queensland collections were made at
Jericho, Alpha, Emerald and Rockhampton. The third and last
expedition was made to Dirranbandi, the granite belt around
Stanthorpe and to various localities in the Darling Downs. During
these trips over 75 per cent, of the known species of Queensland
grasses were collected and several new species discovered.

Throughout his stay in Queensland Mr. Hubbard received
valuable aid from officers of the Agricultural Department, the State
Railways and many others.

On the return journey home visits were paid to the Herbaria at
Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth. Whilst in New South
Wales a large collection of grasses was made at Glen Innis and
between Sydney and the Blue Mountains. The Directors and Staff
of the Botanic Gardens and Herbaria, as well as other botanists,
rendered valuable help in each centre.

Through the courtesy of the Commonwealth Railway officials,
the journey on the Trans-Australian Railway across the Nullarbor
Plain was broken at Barton, Hughes and Forrest, where many rare
plants were obtained.

The Keeper of the Museums attended the Annual General
Meeting of the Royal English Forestry Society at Shrewsbury from
August 29th to September 3rd.

Mr. J. H. Holland attended the Conference of the Museums
Association at Plymouth from July 6th to nth.

The following two expeditions were rendered possible thanks to
the grant received from the Empire Marketing Board for overseas
missions and collecting purposes.

During 1931 Mr. J. H. L. Waterhouse continued to collect in
the Solomon Islands group and worked entirely on the Island of
Bougainville. With the very damp atmospheric conditions drying
was carried out under great difficulty, but notwithstanding this
Mr. Waterhouse was able to send home numerous parcels of specimens
amounting in all to 550 numbers (with several sets of duplicates).
The material was well prepared and arrived in better condition than
any previous instalments received from the Solomon Islands.
Mr. Waterhouse was also able to obtain seed of Banana varieties and
material of other economic plants for Professor Cheesman at
Trinidad.

Mr. B. D. Burtt paid a visit of two months duration in December
1930, and January 1931, to the Virunga Range of mountains on the
frontier of the Belgian Congo and the Belgian Mandated area of
former German East Africa. Though visited by several scientific
expeditions, the area had been little explored botanically, with the
exception of one German expedition 23 years ago. He was successful
in collecting on all the eight mountains of the range and reaching the
summit of all except Mt. Mikeno, a feat which, it is understood, no
previous explorer had succeeded in accomplishing. Rain and driving
clouds somewhat hindered collecting, but he brought home a collec¬
tion of 490 numbers (with several sets of duplicates). Collections
were also made between Lake Bunyoni and the eastern wall of the
Rift Valley, and on the recent lava fields of the 1905 outbreak of
Mt. Namlagira. As is the case in other volcanic areas, the flora was

not rich in species and few novelties were found. The collection,
however, is an exceedingly interesting and valuable one from the
general scientific point of view.

Tung Oil {Aleurites Fordn ).—Two years ago a grant was made
by the Empire Marketing Board for the investigation of this tree.
Interest is being maintained in its cultivation and information is being
accumulated regarding its behaviour in different parts of the Empire.
In very few countries, however, have the trees yet developed suffici¬
ently to form fruit and it will be some time before this information
will be sufficiently complete to be of value. In the drier parts of
Assam it is reported that trees of this species have made remarkable
growth and are already beginning to fruit. The tree shows much
variation both in its branching habit and in the flowering habit. It
is monoecious and normally appears to form only one female flower at
the apex of an inflorescence of otherwise male flowers, but in the
case of some trees, female flowers are formed at the apex of several
of the branches of the inflorescence. Knowledge on these and
similar points, which is being collected, may have an important
bearing on the development of this industry.

The sale-distribution of seed, which in the past has been effected
from Kew, has now been discontinued. Technical officers in different
parts of the Empire, who have taken a prominent part in
co-operating with Kew in seed distribution and in arranging for
trials of this tree, have, however, been informed of reliable sources
from which seed can be obtained, so that local arrangements can be
made to procure further supplies of seed should they be required.

Aleurites montana. A further consignment of this seed has been
obtained from China and has been distributed to several parts of the
Empire, more especially to those parts where conditions appear to be
too tropical for the successful cultivation of A. Fordii. Though the
seed received had already commenced to germinate by the time it
reached Kew, by careful attention to packing and by making special
arrangements with shipping companies for its transit, it has been
possible to get this species established in several of the places to which
seed was sent. The condition of the seed was such, however, that it
was considered inadvisable to send any to places where the seed
would be a long time in transit, and it is hoped that further supplies,
which are now on order, will arrive in suitable condition to supply
these areas.

Banana Research. —Kew has been able to render further
assistance to Professor Cheesman in connection with his Banana
breeding work which he is conducting at the Imperial College of
Tropical Agriculture at Trinidad and requests for seed of seeding
species of Musa, many of which have since been complied with, have
been sent to British North Borneo, Sarawak, Malaya, Samoa,
Seychelles, New Guinea, Queensland and India. Mons. A. Chevalier
has kindly promised to endeavour to obtain seed from the French W.

Pacific Islands and Mr. Waterhouse has succeeded in obtaining seed
of more than one species in the British Solomon Islands.

The Banana quarantine house, since it has been altered and
reconditioned, has been freshly stocked. Much of this consists of
material representing the forms of M. Cavmdishh, obtained from
the East as well as from countries where this has been imported and
is being now cultivated. Material has been obtained from the
Canaries, through the good offices of Messrs. Yeoward Bros, and
Messrs. Elder and Fyffe, from Brazil through the British Banana
Company, as well as from Burma through the Director of Agriculture.
Unfortunately material obtained from the Department of Agricul¬
ture, Malaya, did not survive the journey and further supplies are
being obtained. Suckers have already been propagated from the
Canary Island consignments and have been despatched to Prof.
Cheesman at Trinidad.

Other Activities. —The Director was elected President of the
School Nature Study Union for the year.

Director’s Office. —During the autumn the Director’s Office
has been enlarged and the work is now nearing completion. Two
new rooms have been added, the front door has been moved from
the west to the south side and suitable accommodation for visitors,
filing of documents, and for the clerical Staff has now been provided.

The fine old Wistaria was carefully detached from the building
and fixed to poles before operations commenced and has now been
replaced unharmed on the new portion of the building.

As in the case of the other new buildings (see pp. 12 and 28) the
plans were designed by Mr. J. H. Markham, H.M. Office of Works.

Publications. —During the year ten numbers and only two,
instead of the usual three, Appendices of the Kew Bulletin were
published. This was due to the decision to discontinue the publica¬
tion of the “ List of Staffs ” (Appendix II), owing to the recent
appearance of similar lists covering the same ground ( K.B . 1931,
p. 503).

The new edition of the Handlist of Tender Dicotyledons and
Gnetaceae appeared in June (K.B. 1931, pp. 417-20).

A new edition of the Popular Official Guide was also published.

The first part of vol. II of the Flora of West Tropical Africa
(part III of the complete work), was published in March. It con¬
tains all the Gamopetalae, nearly half of which are represented by
Rubiaceae and Compositae. The families had not been revised as a
whole since 1877.

A paper on the Herbal of Leonhart Fuchs (Joum. Linn. Soc. Bot.
xlviii, pp. 545-642 : 1931) was published in October.

The International Address Book of Botanists, the compilation
of which was undertaken by an international committee with Major
Chipp as British member, was published in December (K.B. 1931,

p. 502). A large part of the actual work of publication was carried
out by Major Chipp before his death and was subsequently finished
by Miss Verbrugge under the supervision of the Director.

The Gardens.

Visitors. —The number of visitors to the Gardens in 1931 was
1,389,184, a decrease of 155,028 compared with the figures for 1930.

The falling off was most marked in the week-end attendances,
particularly Sundays, for which the total figures were 109,129 less
than those in the previous year. This is not surprising and is
due to the monotonous sequence of wet week-ends during the
earlier months of the year.

The greatest monthly attendance was in May with 345,525, the
lowest in December with 10,449. The highest daily attendance was
96,859 on Whit-Monday, May 25th; this figure exceeded the
previous record (Whit-Monday, June 9th, 1930) by 4,355. The
lowest attendance was 7 on January 23rd.

On Monday, October 5th, 1931, the admission charge of one
penny, abolished on August 5th, 1929, was reimposed with the
concession of free admission (excepting perambulators) on Bank
Holidays, and the waiving of charges for school parties on the penny
days. The charge of sixpence on Students’ Days (Tuesdays and
Fridays) remains unchanged.

Plant Houses, Extensions and Alterations. —In the Annual
Review for 1929 (Appx. 1 ,1930, p. 15), the generous gift by Mrs.
Sherman Hoyt of the Collection of Cacti which she exhibited at the
Chelsea Show is recorded {see also K.B. 1929, p. 239). In order that
this collection, together with the large scenic picture of the Mohave
desert which she also presented, and which formed the striking back¬
ground of her Chelsea exhibit, might be fittingly displayed at Kew,
Mrs. Sherman Hoyt has most generously provided the funds for
the erection of a new Cactus House. The building, designed by
Mr. J. H. Markham, H.M. Office of Works, was completed towards
the close of the year and has been built at right angles to the T range,
at the North end. 'The House, which will be called " The Sherman
Hoyt Cactus House,” bears the following inscription on a lead plaque.
“ This House together with the Scenic Background and many of the
Plants was presented to the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, by Mrs.
Sherman Hoyt of Pasadena, California. House erected 1931.”
It faces due South and consists of a central apse with a high North
wall and two wings. The picture has been mounted on the wall
of the apsidal central portion and the foreground will be built
up of old red sandstone rock from Dunster, Somerset, which closely
resembles the red rock depicted in the scenic background. The apse
is roofed with ground glass to prevent the shadows of the woodwork
falling on the painting in bright sunlight. Recently, through the
continued kindness of Mrs. Hoyt, two large specimens of Carnegiea

gigantea (i Cereus giganteus), 5^ ft. and 10 ft. in height respectively,
have arrived, and will occupy prominent positions in this house.

In order to be able to grow consignments of Bananas and other
plants received from different places overseas for transmission to
the Colonies and insure that they are free from insect or fungus
pests, the Banana house has been divided into three independent
compartments and the ventilators have been screened with fine
gauze. Three quarantine frames have also been fitted up, where
consignments of new plants can be placed on arrival and inspected
before they are put out in the Quarantine House, and thus reduce to
a minimum the risk of infection through fresh importations of
dangerous pests.

The central portion of the interior of the Palm House was
repainted. Painting has been done to the outside of the Succulent
House (no. 5) also houses no. 6 and 6a, the interior iron work being
scraped, repainted and repaired where necessary.

In the " Melon Yard ” the hot water pipes in several of the
smaller houses have been overhauled and rearranged in the hope
that a more efficient and regular service may be obtained.

A new sectional boiler has been installed in the T range stoke¬
hole, taking the place of two old saddle boilers. The installation of
new sectional boilers in the Palm House stokehole during 1930 has
resulted in a great improvement, the temperature of the house being
more easily and regularly maintained.

Rock Garden. —The portion recently extended now presents a
well furnished appearance. The old bog, near the south end of the
original section, has been cleaned out, the soil being replaced with
fresh compost; advantage has been taken at the same time to effect
some improvement in the surrounding rock-work.

Some further alterations have been made to the beds in the
Iris Garden, the bulk of the collection now being arranged in a more
or less definite colour scheme, which should add greatly to the
general effect when the plants are in flower, A red-flowered Horse
Chestnut tree has been removed from the east end of the garden ;
the beds in the immediate vicinity will thus gain more light, air and
sun.

A considerable number of new and interesting plants flowered
in the Rock Garden and Alpine House during the past year, the most
interesting being Prirmda sonchifolia, which was specially collected
on Hpimaw and sent home frozen solid in bamboo pots. Kew is
indebted to Mr. T. Hay, M.V.O., V.M.H., Superintendent of Hyde
Park, for this rare Primula and for a share of a large consignment of
seeds presented by the Maharaja of Nepal to H.M. the King, amongst
which may be mentioned Meconopsis regia , M. auriculata , M,
nepalensis and M. paniculata, also for such rare Primulas as P.
Wottastonii, P. didyma, P. cardiophylla and P. muliensis.

Among the large number of Gentians which flowered in 1931 were
G. ornata, G. rigescens, G. Macauleyi and G. hexa-Farreri. Other

plants worthy of notice which bore flowers were Ranunculus Lyalin,
Primula Reinii, Cypridedium cordigerum, Swertia cordata, S. punicea,
Codonopsis khasiana and C. tubulosa.

Temperate House. —The replanting which was carried out during
the spring of 1930 in the south wing has proved a great success,
the bulk of the plants having made good growth. This should give
an increased display of flowers in the future.

The large and comprehensive collection of tender conifers, built
up gradually over a long term of years, was exhibited at the Conifer
Conference held in the Royal Horticultural Society’s Hall in October,
1931. The collection now forms a permanent feature in the North
Octagon, the large orange trees having been moved to the South
Octagon, where under somewhat warmer conditions it is hoped they
may improve in health. The Rhododendrons in the new annexe
have made good progress : many of them flowered during the past
season, including the following :— Rhododendron Scottianum , R.
Jenestierianum, R. laxiflorum, R. sino-Nuttallii, R. leucaspis, R.
eriogynum, R. stamineum and R. supranubium.

Arboretum. —The wet and sunless conditions which prevailed
during the greater portion of the year entailed much extra labour in
lawn mowing and grass cutting. This, however, was counter¬
balanced by the fact that little or no watering was necessary.

A portion of the conifer collection has been replanted, greater
space being given to individual plants, whilst at the same time they
were cleared thoroughly of dead wood.

Meliosma Veitchionm, native of W. China, flowered for the first
time at Kew.

Flower Garden. On each flank of the steps on the north west
side of the pond, a portion of the banks has been cleared of overgrown
bushes, the cleared spaces being turfed almost to the water's edge.

Viewed from the opposite side of the pond, the alterations have
a more pleasing effect than formerly, as the newly turfed portion
appears to merge into the lawns beyond. The margin has been
planted with Siberian Iris.

The extensions to the Director’s office, now proceeding, have
necessitated a considerable amount of ground work in the matter of
alterations to the line of the old, and the construction of new, paths.
It has also involved altering, re-making and planting new beds and
borders.

The building of the new Cactus House has also entailed a con¬
siderable amount of ground work around the house.

Hand-list of Tender Dicotyledons.— During the year the
second edition of this Hand-list was published, taking the place of
the first edition which made its appearance so long ago as 1899. The
limited sale of this Hand-list compared with the other Kew Hand-lists
affords a criterion of the changed tastes in horticulture. For many
years little interest has been taken in collections of choice indoor

plants, in striking contrast to the increasing popularity of flowering
shrubs and trees, herbaceous and rock garden plants.

Birds. —During the past year the Storks built a nest at the top
of a beech tree some 30 ft. high, near the Azalea garden. Two eggs
were laid, but were unfortunately eaten by Carrion Crows. Later
in the year the female Stork was found drowned in the Lake. A
pair of young Storks have been imported from the Continent and it is
hoped that they will breed at Kew as Storks have done in the past.
The general collection of Ducks and Geese has been well maintained,
and the stock of Mandarins, Blue-winged Teal, Carolinas, Cinnamon
Teal, Pintails and Shovellers, has been increased.

Rainfall Record.

Rainfall recorded at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, during 1931:

Inches.

January ...

... 0-95

July

... 2-89

February ...

... i-66

August

5-33

March

0-21

September

... 2-27

April

3-22

October

... 0-64

May

2-38

November ...

... 2-03

June

... i *45

December ...

... 0-58

Total 23-61 inches.

The total for 1930 was 24*99 inches.

Student Gardeners : changes in personnel.— Seventeen
men completed their training; two others went to Mr. Cecil
Hanbury’s garden at La Mortola for a year, whilst the gardeners sent
here for study in 1930, by H.M. the King of the Belgians and the
Director of the Charles University Botanic Gardens, Prague,
respectively, returned to their own countries. .

Eighteen Student Gardeners were admitted for training; one
man returned from La Mortola to complete his service, whilst two
Students came from Malta, and one from Siam.

Of the seventeen men who finished their course, ten have secured
appointments at home (Parks Departments six; private gardens or
nurseries three; arterial roads for tree-planting one); whilst two
others entered Reading University with scholarships awarded by the
Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Three men proceeded
overseas:—one to Khartoum ; one to Kimberley and one to
Rhodesia. A German Student Gardener returned to Berlin in order
to enter the Horticultural College in that city, and a Swiss student
resumed duty in a nursery in his own country.

Seventeen of the new Student Gardeners are from Great
Britain—(private gardens or nurseries eight; Royal Gardens,
Windsor, one; Cheadle Royal Hospital Gardens, one; Parks
Departments, four; Cambridge Botanic Gardens, one; John Innes
Horticultural Institution, one; and Royal Horticultural Society’s
Gardens, Wisley, one). The Student Gardener from overseas is a
native of Sweden and had worked in Germany and France before
coming to Kew.

Contributions to the Gardens, 1931. — During the year 986
consignments of living plants, seeds, etc., were contributed to the
Gardens. This number is the highest ever recorded, and is an
increase of 36 on the previous year. The more important donations
were as follows :—

Public Institutions :—

Amani, East African Agricultural Research Station.—A collection
of plants, including some of economic value.

Berlin, Botanic Gardens.—Seeds: 88 packets, and a collection of
Rhododendrons, Ericas, etc.

Bermuda, Department of Agriculture.—A collection of seeds, and
a consignment of bulbs of Lilium Harrisii.

Bremen, Botanic Garden.—141 packets of seeds.

Bucharest, Botanic Gardens.—36 packets of seeds.

Buitenzorg, Botanic Gardens.—Seeds of economic plants.

Calcutta, Royal Botanic Gardens.—Seeds of Musa sp., and
Taraktogenos Kurzri.

Cambridge, Botanic Garden.—Seeds, and plants of Gloxinia
maxima.

Cambridge, Mass., Arnold Arboretum.—Seeds, plants and cuttings
of hardy trees and shrubs.

Chelsea Physic Garden, London.—Seeds, and plants, including
Cycas circinalis, Ipomoea Purga, and a collection of herbaceous
plants.

Coimbra, Botanic Garden.—20 packets of seeds.

Copenhagen, Botanic Garden.—Plants of Pellaea Smithii, Cyrto-
mium falcatum, and miscellaneous seeds.

Cyprus, Department of Agriculture,—100 Corms of Gladiolus
segetum and miscellaneous seeds.

Darjeeling, Lloyd Botanic Gardens.—197 packets of seeds.

Debra Dun, Forest Research Institute.—Seeds of economic plants.

Dominica, Botanical Gardens.—A collection of tropical plants,
including some of economic value.

Dunedin, Botanic Gardens.—270 packets of seeds.

Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Garden,—Seeds, including a share
from the collections of Mr. George Forrest and Mr. Clarence
Elliott; plants of Ranunculus Lyallii, Primula sonchifolia,
Vancouveria hexandra, etc.

Formosa, University Botanic Garden.—33 packets of seeds.

Glasgow, Botanic Garden.—18 packets of seeds.

Glasnevin, Botanic Gardens.—Seeds and plants, including Begonia
barbata, Sarracenia spp.. etc.

Gothenburg, Botanic Gardens.—34 packets of seeds.

Kirstenbosch, National Botanic Garden.—Collections of seeds,
bulbs and succulents.

Kuala Lumpur, Department of Agriculture.—Suckers of Musas in
variety.

London, British Museum (Department of Botany).—Seedlings of
Nelumbiim speciosum from Manchurian peat.

London, Hyde Park.—Collections of seeds, including 313 packets
from Nepal, bedding and greenhouse plants in great variety,
together with rare plants of special interest such as Primula
sonchifolia, Meconopsis regia, etc.

Merton, John Innes Horticultural Institution.—Plants and seeds
including Scolopendrium Delavayi.

Ottawa, Central Experimental Farm.—45 packets of seeds, and
bulbs of Lilium spp.

Oxford, Botanic Garden.—84 packets of seeds, and plants of
Dombeya Wallichii.

Paris, Museum d’Histoire Naturelle.—33 packets of seeds.

Peradeniya, Department of Agriculture.—Seeds of Eugenia
aromahca.

Reading University, Horticultural Department.—A collection of
Lachenalias.

Singapore, Botanic Gardens.—Plants of Borassodendron Macha-
donis.

Simla, Viceregal Gardens.—Miscellaneous seeds, and bulbs of
Lilium Thomsomanum.

Stellenbosch, University Botanic Garden.—81 packets of seeds.

Stockholm, Botanic Garden.—Plant of Rechsteinena macropoda.

Sydney, Botanic Gardens.—Seeds, including Telopea specio-
sisstma.

Tiflis, Botanic Garden.—46 packets of seeds.

Trmidad and Tobago, Department of Agriculture.—Plants of
Neomammillaria mammilaris.

Washington, U.S. Department of Agriculture.—A collection of
Azaleas, economic plants, etc.

Wisley, Royal Horticultural Society’s Gardens.—Seeds and
plants, including Viola orbelica and Helianthus spp.

Zanzibar, Department of Agriculture.—Seeds of Eugenia aro -
matica

Private Donors :—

Mr. S. C. Atchley, Athens, Greece.—Collections of bulbs and seeds.

Mr. G. P. Baker, Sevenoaks.—Plants and seeds, including Iris
cretica.

Mr. J. C. van Balen, Pretoria, Union of South Africa.—Seeds and a
collection of Aloe spp.

Mr. F. R. S. Balfour, Dawyck.—274 packets of seeds, collected by
Mr. George Forrest.

Miss Winsome Barker, Cape Town.—Collections of Oxalis spp.,
miscellaneous bulbs and seeds.

Mr. A. C. Bartholomew, Reading.—39 packets of seeds.

British Banana Co., Ltd., London.—Plants of Musas in variety.

Mr. N. E. Brown, Kew.—Plants and seeds of succulents.

Mr. E. G. Bryant, Prieska, Union of South Africa.—Seeds of
Welwitschia mirahlis ; plants, bulbs and seeds of South
African plants.

Mr. A. A. Cavanagh, Argentine.—A large collection of seeds.

Lady Rosamond A. Christie, Instow.—A fine specimen plant of
Platycerium alcicorne.

Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bt., Gatton Park.—Plants of Peristeria
elata.

Mr. W. A. Constable, Paddock Wood.—Bulbs of Liliums, including
L. Jankae .

Mr. W. Cradwick, Mandeville, Jamaica, B.W.I.—A collection of
orchids.

Mr. C. H. Curtis, London.—Seeds of Aloe spp. from Transvaal.

Mr. G. H. Dalrymple, Southampton.—A collection of Freesias.

Mrs. A. Desborough, Broadstone, Dorset.—Plant of Kniphojia
Nelsoni.

Messrs. Duncan and Davies Ltd., New Plymouth, N.Z.—A small
collection of endemic New Zealand plants.

Messrs. Eldeis & Fyffes, Ltd., London.—Varieties of Musa
Cavendtshii.

Mr. T. M. Endean, Laindon.—Succulents.

Mr. W. C. Fishlock, Reading.—Plants of Coffea erecta and orchids
collected on the Gold Coast.

Mr. R. C. Bruce Gardner, Northwood.—Seeds of Quercus spp.

Mr. A. Gibbs, Cardiff.—Plants of Mesembryanthemum Bolusii.

Hon. Vicary Gibbs, Aldenham.—A collection of hardy trees and
shrubs.

Messrs. R. Gill & Son, Falmouth.—Plants of Primula Winteri, and
hardy shrubs.

Lady Godley, Gibraltar.—Seeds of Quercus spp., and a collection
of bulbs, including Narcissus serotinus .

Mr. G. Grout, Fort Jameson.—Plants of Angraecum sp.

Dr. P. L. Giuseppi, Felixstowe.—68 packets of seeds.

Mr. Cecil Hanbury, La Mortola.—61 packets of seeds, cuttings
of Citrus spp., and Pelargoniums.

Mr. F. J. Hanbury, East Grinstead.—A collection of Dendrobium
spp.

The Marquess of Headfort, Kells, Co. Meath.—Hardy trees and
shrubs, including Libocedrus tetragona.

Sir A. W. Hill, Kew.—Seeds and plants, including Platycerium
angolense, Huernia keniensis, Notoma Grantii, etc., from Uganda
and Kenya, and seeds of several species of Pelargonium and
Mesembryanthemum from S. Africa.

Messrs. Hillier & Sons, Winchester.—Hardy trees and shrubs,
including Prunrn prostraius.

Miss D. C. Hopton, Bartestree.—41 packets of seeds of South
African plants.

Major F. O. Howes, Natal,—Seeds of Jubaeopsis caffra.

Mrs. Sherman Hoyt, California.—2 large specimen plants of
Carnegiea {Cereus) gigantea.

Mr, C. E. Hubbard, Kew.—A large collection of seeds from
Australia.

Dr, H. H. Hu, Peiping, China.—Seeds of Sinojackia Rehderiana.

Capt. H. A. Johnstone, Sao Paulo.—A collection of Palm seeds.

Dr. A. F. G. Kerr, Bangkok.—Tubers of Amorphophallus spp.

Mr. R. J. Kidston, Reading.—Seeds collected on North. Baffin
Island.

Mr. C. H. Lankester, Costa Rica.—Oichids and stove plants.

Mr. H. W. Lawton, Wellington.—A collection of New Zealand
Veronicas, seeds, etc.

Lady Leconfield, Petworth Park.—Nerines.

Mr. G. W. E. Loder, Ardingly.—Hardy trees and shrubs, including
Magnolia globosa.

Mr. F. R. Long, Port Elizabeth, Union of South Africa.—40 packets
of seeds.

Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher, Leeds.—A collection of Orchids and
bulbs of Lilium sulphur eum.

Mr. B. P. Mansfield, Napier, N.Z.—Seeds of New Zealand plants.

Mr. W. J. Marchant, Stapehill, Wimbome—Plants, including
Rhus succedana.

Lt. Col. L. C. R. Messel, Handcross.—Plants of Libocedrus chil-
ensis.

Mr. F. W. Millard, East Grinstead.—A collection of Alpines.

Col. G. Molyneux, Durban.—Plant of Encephalartos latifrons.

Mr. C. T. Musgrave, Godalming.—Alpine and herbaceous plants.

Lieut. C. Narangajavana, Siam.—A collection of Orchids.

Mr. Oliver, Belize, British Honduras.—A collection of Orchids.

Messrs. Oliver & Hunter, Moniaive.—A collection of Herbaceous
plants.

Major A. Pam, Broxboume.—A collection of un-named tuberous
plants from British Somaliland.

Mr. N. S. Pillans, Cape Province.—Bulbs, plants and seeds from
the Cape.

Mr. W. Robinson, East Grinstead.—Hardy trees and shrubs.

Major Lionel de Rothschild, Exbury.—183 packets of seeds
collected by Mr. George Forrest.

Hon. Mrs. E. Ryder, Beaulieu.—Seedling Mesembryanthemums,
miscellaneous plants and seeds.

Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans.—Orchids, including Calanthe cardio-
glossis and Coelogyne elaia.

Mr. S. G. Saul, Beckenham.—Plants and seeds from New Zealand.

Mr. T. Sharp, Westbury.—Succulents.

Mr. F. S. Sillitoe, Malta.—Plants of Montenoa Schottii.

Mr. F. L. Skinner, Manitoba.—Seeds of North American plants.

Mr. F. W. Smith, Cap d'Antibes, France.—Cuttings of Pelar¬
gonium capitatmn.

Lady Beatrix Stanley, Madras.—Bulbs and seeds of Lilium
neilgherrense.

The Earl of Stair, Lochinch Castle.—Bulbs of Lilium formosanum.

Major F. C. Stem, Goring-by-Sea.—Seeds, including collections
made by Capt. Kingdon Ward, plants, and bulbs of Lilium
giganteum var. yunnanense.

Lord Stonehaven, Ury, Stonehaven, N.B.—A collection of seeds of
Australian plants.

Mr. G. M. Taylor, Portobello, N.B.—Seeds of Lilium spp., and
plants of the old English Rose " Seven Sisters.”

Mr. G Thorncroft, Barberton, Transvaal.—Seeds of Streptocarpus
Dunnii and a plant of Euphorbia Evansii.

Lt. Col. E. E. Todd, Gibraltar.—Plants of Iris scorpioides, and
seeds collected in Gibraltar.

Dr. W. B. Turrill, Kew.—44 packets of seeds collected in the higher
Alps.

Messrs. Vilmorin-Andrieux et Cie, Paris.—Seeds.

Sir Oscar Warburg, Epsom.—Hardy trees and shrubs.

Mr. J. C. Watt, Aberdeen.—Seeds of Rubus bogotensis and plants
oiPrimula Calderiana and Rhododendron Wightii var. leucochorum.

Miss E. Willmott, Warley Place.—Seeds, and cuttings of Salix
Meyeriana.

Messrs. K. Yashiroda Ltd., Japan.—Seeds of Japanese plants.

Mr. W. B. Yates, Mold.—Seeds collected in the Amazon district.

Distribution of Plants and Seeds. —In connection with the
annual exchange of seeds, 177 consignments comprising 9,605 packets
(hardy trees and shrubs 3,689; herbaceous plants 5,916) were
despatched from Kew in the early part of the year. The work of
distributing seeds of Tung Oil was again undertaken, and involved
considerable time and labour in arranging for despatch, packing and
shipping.

Amongst the seeds specially distributed were:— Fraxinus
australis , Caesalpinia spinosa, Alysicarpus rugosus, Streptocarpus
Durmn, ? new species of Cephalostachyum from Lower Burma,
Aesculus indica, Sorghum margaretiferum, Ilex paraguariensis var.
miniaia, and a large collection of Leguminosae from Malta.

Extensive shipments of plants raised at Kew, necessitating in
many instances the use of Wardian cases, took place during the year,
the following being a brief summary of the places to which they were
despatched.

Botanic Gardens :—Ootacamund and Singapore.

Government House, Kaduna, Northern Provinces, Nigeria;
and Government House, Lagos, Nigeria.

Departments of Agriculture '.—Gold Coast; Bermuda ; British
Guiana; British Honduras ; Dominica; Tanganyika Terri¬
tory ; Ceylon; Trinidad; also to the East African Agri-
tural Research Station, Amani, Tanganyika Territory.

Advantage was taken of the Air Mail to East Africa in connection
with the despatch of a small number of plants of Pelargonium radula
var rosea, to Nairobi, a larger number being sent later by sea.

Assistance was also given in the matter of receiving, caring for,
and re-packing and despatching plants en route from one part of the
world to another. These consignments included :—grafted walnut
plants from France to Bhutan, India; a Wardian case of plants of

Denis malaccensis from Kuala Lumpur to St. Clair Experiment
Station, Trinidad; plants of Zizyphus Jujuba bearing colonies of Lac
insects to Ibadan, Nigeria ; a Wardian case of tropical plants from
Peradeniya to Sierra Leone ; a Wardian case of plants of Julie and
Sandersha mangos from Trinidad to Nairobi, also Japanese mint
roots from the United States Department of Agriculture, Washing¬
ton, to Nairobi. It is of interest to note that the plants of Zizyphus ,
referred to above, came from Ibadan, whilst the brood Lac, which
was established on them at Kew, came by Air Mail from the Indian
Lac Research Institute, Ranchi.

Other recipients of plants, etc., from Kew, included the
following :—

Angora, British Embassy.—Shrubs and herbaceous plants.

Baarn, Holland, Phytopathologisch Laboratorium.—Grafts of
species and varieties of Ulmus.

Bangor, University College of North Wales.—Plants and cuttings
of succulents.

Berlin, Botanic Gardens.—Plants; collection of Rhododendrons.

Biggin Hill, Royal Engineers.—Collection of trees and shrubs for
grounds adjoining new buildings.

Cambridge, Botanic Garden.—Plant and seeds, including plants of
Macrozamia Dennisonii and Bowenia serrulata.

Chelsea Physic Garden.—Stove and greenhouse plants.

Chesterfield, Parks and Cemeteries Department.—Collection of
economic plants

Copenhagen, Botanical Museum.—Plants, including collections
of Begonias and Rhododendrons.

Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Garden.—Plants and seeds.

Famborough, Kent, Downe House.—Collection of shrubs.

Fiji, Director of Agriculture.—Seeds of economic plants.

Glasnevin, Botanic Gardens.—Collection of plants and seeds.

Isle of Man, Government Secretary.—Collection of cuttings of
basket willows.

Komik, Poland, Gardens and Arboretum.—Grafts of Prunus,
Pyrus, Populus spp., etc.

London, Hyde Park—Plants.

Madras, Agri-Horticultural Society.—Tubers of Nymphaea spp.
and seeds of Nehtmbium speciosum.

Merton, John Innes Horticultural Institution.—Plants.

New York Botanical Garden, U.S.A.—Plants of Drosera spp.;
cuttings and seeds of Begonia spp.

Ottawa, Central Experimental Farm.—Seeds of Lilium spp.

Oxford, Botanic Garden.—Plant of Selaginella laevigata var.
Lyallii .

Paris, Museum d’Histoire Naturelle.—Collection of aquatic and
economic plants, also cuttings of Pyrus spp.

Prague, Charles University Botanic Garden.—Collection of plants.

Pretoria, Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry.—
Cuttings of Salix caerulea alba and seeds of Aescidus Mica.

Princes Risborough, Forest Products Research Laboratory.—
Collection of shrubs and creepers.

Reading University, Horticultural Department.—Plants of
Lachenalia spp.

Seychelles, Department of Agriculture.—Fruits of Raphia vinifera
received from Sierra Leone.

Slough, Admiralty Compass Observatory.—Collection of trees and
shrubs.

St. Helena, the Horticultural Officer.—A collection of succulents,
and of seeds of Lilium spp.

Teddington, National Physical Laboratory.—Collection of trees
and shrubs.

Tenerife, Canary Islands (Jardin de Aclimatacion).—Plants,
cuttings and seeds.

Washington, U S. Department of Agriculture.—Grafts of Corylus
spp.

Mr. G. P. Baker, Sevenoaks.—Plants, including Metrosideros
scandens and Ozothamnus obcordatus.

Mr. W. Cradwick, Mandeville, Jamaica, B.W.I.—Plants, bulbs
and corms.

Dartington Hall Ltd., Totnes, Devon.—Collection of plants,
cuttings and seeds.

Mr. C. S. Garnett, Derby.—Plants— Bomarea Carden, Aristolochia
grandiflora var. Sturtevantii,

Hon. Vicary Gibbs, Aldenham.—Collection of trees and shrubs.

Mr. Cecil Hanbury, La Mortola.—Plants and seeds.

The Marquess of Headfort, Kells, Co. Meath.—Collection of
plants, including conifers.

Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher Ltd., Leeds.—Collection of plants—
orchids, etc.

Mr. W. J. Marchant, Stapehill, Wimbome.—Plants— Lomatia
fraxinifoUa, Correa speciosa var. ventricosa, Lyonothamnus
floribundus, etc.

Orange County Fern Growers Association, Florida, U.S.A.—Plants
of 12 spp. of Sansevieria.

Hon. Mrs. E. Ryder, Beaulieu.—Seedlings of Lilium Brownii ;
plants of Berberis lologensis, and species of Erica, Calluna and
Rhododendron.

Major H. F, Ward, Nairobi.—Plants—including Mussaenda
erythrophylla, Turner a ulmifolia var. elegans, and seeds of
Rhodochiton volubile.

Messrs. F. Gomer Waterer’s Knap Hill Nursery Ltd., Woking.—
Plants, cuttings and seeds.

National Pinetum at Bedgebury.

The general condition of the young Conifers in the Bedgebury
Pinetum throughout 1931 was satisfactory, although in some
instances insect pests and fungus diseases were troublesome and a few
plants were killed by them.

As the growing season was delayed by a cold spring, young
shoots escaped injury from late frosts, which, in conjunction with the
abnormally wet summer, resulted in healthy and vigorous growth,
many of the stronger-growing species adding two feet or more to
their height. Even in September growth was active, and, as there
was a distinct tendency for the terminal buds of many species to break
into new growth about the end of the month, it was feared that the
wood would not become sufficiently ripened to withstand winter
cold. However, the sunnier and drier weather of October, with
several frosty nights, had a salutary effect, and although 18 and 19
degrees of frost were registered on successive nights serious injury
to young shoots has not been noticed, although the younger leaves of
Rhododendron ponticum and a few other species were discoloured.

Early in the summer several vigorous young trees lost their
leading shoots, presumably through birds alighting upon them while
they were soft. The worst sufferers were species of Abies and Picea.
These trees will probably form new leaders but a year or two's
growth will be lost. Some of the trees are far enough advanced for
the removal of a number of the lower branches. In certain genera
the object in view is to encourage the development of a definite
length of trunk free from branches ; in other cases pruning will be
restricted to the correction of unequal development and to keeping
leading shoots free from rivals.

As in the last two years, the most troublesome insect pests were
green aphis on spruce and species of Dreyfusia on Abies. The
former insect seems to breed throughout the year and, despite
periodical spraying, new broods constantly appear, the source of
infection being large trees in the vicinity that cannot be sprayed.
A curious fact has been noticed in connection with Picea sitchensis,
for, whereas planted trees are peculiarly susceptible to infestation by
Aphis abietina, natural seedlings of the same species have either not
been attacked, or the attack has been so slight as to escape notice.

Pine weevils and pine beetles which were so troublesome a few
years ago have mostly disappeared, and although a few colonies of
pine sawfly have been found, the early destruction of the caterpillars
has kept the pest in check. Pine-shoot tortrix moth is still found,
but hand-picking of affected shoots has prevented widespread trouble.
Larvae of the moth Dichomeris marginella have been found in large
numbers on various species of juniper. Their presence is noticeable
by the matting together of clusters of leaves. As this moth attacks
void plants of Juniperus communis , it is likely to be a recurring pest.
The larch shoot moth Argyresthia laevigatella was not so abundant
as in previous years although its presence is still noticeable.

The most serious fungus diseases were honey fungus (Armillaria
mellea), and Weymouth pine rust {Cronartium nbicolum), and it is
diffi cult to counteract their attacks, for in the one case there are
hundreds of rotting tree stumps in the ground in which honey fungus
is rampant, and in the other case it is impossible to eradicate currant

bushes from what is essentially part of the fruit producing district of
Kent. Amongst trees lost through honey fungus was a very
vigorous young tree of Pinus Coulteri 6 feet high, whereas several
five-leaved pines have succumbed to Weymouth pine rust.

As various areas in the pinetum lend themselves to wild gardening
effects at little more than the cost of planting, the Committee have
arranged for grouping suitable plants on an extensive scale, keeping
in mind the more attractive plants that are natural to the place.
Already there are large areas of bluebells, foxgloves, violets, bugle,
ladies' smock, ling and other plants. These are being encouraged
and coarse weeds checked. By encouraging the development of
ling during the last three years one of the avenues and some of the
banks are now well covered, and the encouragement of prim¬
roses on a long grassy bank has also been attended by happy
results. On the mud banks in Marshall's Lake masses of Iris
sibirica, I. Pseudacorus, I. orientalis , Primula japonica, P. pulveru-
lenta, Senecio clivorum, and Mimulus luteus have been planted, whilst
in other places species of Hemerocallis, Funkia, and Spiraea Aruncus
have been grouped. In a small plantation of oak left for purposes of
shelter, it is hoped to establish a ground covering of lily of the valley.
Amongst shrubby vegetation, masses of evergreen and deciduous
rhododendrons, and mountain pines are being planted. These
plants are either surplus stock from Kew or they have been given
by interested people. It is hoped that the more vigorous exotic
species will smother coarse weeds, be less susceptible to fire, and no
more costly to control than strong grasses and other natural vegeta¬
tion, whereas at intervals effective floral displays will be forth¬
coming.

In addition to the ordinary upkeep work of the past season the
old and dangerous wooden bridge at the end of Marshall's Lake has
been rebuilt, and 150 pipes have been laid in ditches crossing avenues
as a commencement towards making the avenues more convenient
for visitors.

During the year numerous people have been given permission to
inspect the pinetum and a party of members attending the Annual
Meeting of the British Association visited the place on September
26th. This party, consisting of botanists and foresters, expressed
great satisfaction with what they saw. A party of Student
Gardeners from Kew was taken to Bedgebury in April in connection
with the course of lectures on arboriculture and forestry.

The Museums.

The volume of routine work, such as correspondence and the
identification of specimens, maintained the high standard of the
last few years, whilst there was an increase of visitors calling at the
Museums for information upon the economic products of plants and
other matters. Reciprocal work was also conducted between the
Museums and the Forestry Commission, the Imperial Forestry

Institute, the Forest Products Research Laboratory and the
Imperial Institute.

The overhaul of the specimens in Museum No. i, begun in 1930,
was completed. During this work the opportunity was taken of
discarding duplicate specimens and of replacing some of the others
by fresh material. It is hoped to replace the old dried specimens of
drug plants by new samples during 1932.

A good deal of work was carried out in connection with the
Arboretum Herbarium which is now included in the Museums
Department. Several hundreds of new specimens were added and
considerable progress was made in completing specimens where
flowers or fruits were missing. A beginning was also made in
building up a collection of dried specimens of Conifers for trans¬
mission to the National Pinetum at Bedgebury at some future date.

Considerable progress was made in indexing articles on plant
products which have appeared over a number of years in various
periodicals. Easy references to such articles is very necessary when
abstruse questions from distant countries are under consideration.

During the year the following articles by members of the Museum
staff appeared in the Km Bulletin :—Keeper, The National Pinetum
at Bedgebury, First Quinquennial Report; Mr. J. H. Holland,
Introduction of Cinchona into India ; Mr. F. N. Howes, The Loofah
Industry; Mr. J. H. Holland also prepared an account of Ledger
Bark and Red Bark which will be published in the same journal.

By permission of the Director a good deal of technical assistance
was given to the Royal Horticultural Society in the preparatory
work connected with the Conifer Conference held by the Society in
November, and a paper was read at the Conference by the Keeper on
the Economic Uses of the Coniferae. At the close of the Conference
a large number of specimens was acquired for incorporation in the
Herbarium Collections at Kew. By permission of the Director the
Keeper responded to an invitation by the Council for the Preserva¬
tion of Rural England to give an address upon “ The Care of Trees
on the Sides of Public Roads ” at their Annual Meeting at Bath.
The address was afterwards widely distributed by the Council.
The Keeper has continued to act as Executive Officer for the
Pinetum at Bedgebury.

Three hundred duplicate specimens 'were distributed to various
schools and institutions and numerous specimens were acquired.

Presentations to Museums. —Among the numerous presenta¬
tions the following are deserving of special notice:—

Chief Conservator of Forests, Gold Coast.—Case of 98 named
hand specimens of Gold Coast Woods.

Director, Department of Agriculture, S. Rhodesia.—Seeds of five
cultivated forms of Phaseolus spp.

Miss E. T. Masters, 9, Mount Avenue, Ealing, W.5.—Portrait of
the late Dr. Maxwell T. Masters.

Mr. James Newton, n Perry Hill, Catford, S.E.6.—Four Show¬
cards of Commercial Plant Products as mounted for teaching pur¬
poses.

Mr. R. Barclay Fox, Penjerrick, Falmouth.—Four logs of wood
of rare trees grown at Penjenick.

Director, Imperial Institute.—Oil distilled from wood of
Fokienia Hodginsh supplied from Kew.

Mr: S. L. M. Avery, Greystones, Longford Avenue, Southall.—
Section of an oak beam taken from a building in Cheapside during
alterations in 1929, the premises being part of a block of property
that escaped the Great Fire of 1666.

Director, Botanic Garden, Singapore.—Sixteen hand specimens
of timber.

Dr. I. B. Pole-Evans, Division of Plant Industry, Pretoria.—
Set of photographs of Weluntschia.

Messrs. Wm. Hunt & Sons (The Brades Ltd.), Brades Steel
Works, Nr. Birmingham.—Set of Forestry Tools to replace the former
set in Museum No. 4.

The Director, Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes
Risborough.—Hand specimens of wood of three species of
Entandrophragma.

Lt.-Col. Sir David Prain, The Well Farm, Warlingham.—Eight
photographs of twisted trees.

Mr. F. S. Collier, Conservator of Forests, Victoria, Cameroons,
W. Africa.—Seven specimens of wood.

Mr. R. E. Holttum, Singapore Botanic Gardens.—Twenty hand
specimens of wood.

Messrs. Courtaulds Ltd., 16 St. Martin's le Grand, London,
E.C.i.—Specimens of Rayon yams and textiles made from Spruce
wood.

The President and Council, Royal Horticultural Society.—Cut
specimens of Conifers exhibited at the Conifer Conference.

Major V. B. D. Cooper, 22, Buckingham Gate, S.W.i.—Plant,
dry stem and fibre of Erbifex.

Mrs. Hartshome, 48, Fitzjohn's Avenue, N.W.3.—Twenty-eight
drawings of Conifers and one photograph, originals of illustrations
which appear in the Pinetum Britannicum edited by Edward
Ravenscroft,

The Marquess of Headfort, Kells, Co. Meath.—Thirty photo¬
graphs of Conifers growing at Kells.

The Jodrell Laboratory.

A collection of miscellaneous material, consisting chiefly of
timbers, fibres, barks, and parts of plants used for medicinal pur¬
poses, has been examined with a view to identifying it from a study
of its anatomy. Recently much valuable assistance in this work
has been afforded by Mr. L. A. Boodle, the late assistant keeper of the

Laboratory. His long experience and unusually wide knowledge of
anatomy have been of the greatest possible help.

A good example of the errors that may be avoided by the use of
anatomical methods in the identification of timber is afforded by the
following instance. It had been suggested that Columbian Red
Cedar (Thuja gigantea), owing to its heat- and moisture-resisting
properties, should be used to construct new staging in part of the
Orchid House. During construction it was suspected that the
Columbian Red Cedar supplied for the purpose was not all alike.
Samples of it were accordingly examined and it was found that a
certain proportion of the timber supplied was Douglas Fir, an
unsuitable timber for the purpose.

It is evident that routine work could be considerably simplified
by forming a collection of permanent microscopical preparations of
authentically named specimens of the various woods, roots, barks,
seeds, etc., for comparison with the material received for indenti-
fication. Such a collection has been started, special attention having
been devoted to timbers. This has been made possible by the use of
the newly acquired apparatus mentioned in the report for 1930.
A collection of microtome sections has been prepared, comprising
mostly coniferous woods but including also many of the Meliaceae
and a collection of Burmese and other miscellaneous woods. Slides
of over 400 species from about 55 families, have been filed in special
holders in a card-index cabinet, the families being arranged according
to the “ Genera plantarum,” and the genera within the families in
alphabetical order. A few of the slides have been acquired from
the Forest Products Research Laboratory, Princes Risborough, and
from the Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, with both of which
institutions exchanges of slides have been effected. The wide scope
of the enquiries received at the laboratory has necessitated the
preparation of a card-index, in which papers which will be of use are
filed, usually under the heading of both author and subject. It is
hoped that this embryonic index may in time grow to be of con¬
siderable value in the work of the laboratory.

A visit was paid by the Assistant Keeper to the “ Congr^s
International du Bois et de la Sylviculture ” held in Paris from
July ist-6th, which was of especial interest as the occasion of the
formation of an International Association of Wood Anatomists.

Investigations are in progress on the structure and taxonomy of
little-known scented woods, chiefly from Bangkok, East Africa and
India, and the comparative anatomy of the stem in the genus
Veronica.

The following have worked at the laboratory during 1931:—

Miss M. E. Odell completed her work on the cuticles of some
modem and fossilized plants.

Mr. Garrett-Jones, general botanical studies.

Mr. F. M. T. Norstad worked on the embryology of the Campanu-
laceae.

Mr. C. V. B. Marquand studied the liverwort Exormotheca
megastomata Marquand.

Miss E. M. Wakefield has used the laboratory for the growth and
examination of fungi in pure culture.

The Herbarium.

The year 1931 was chiefly occupied with an attempt to keep pace
with the routine work of naming current collections and the com¬
pletion of matters outstanding from the International Botanical
Congress of 1930. Except for a few weeks before and after the
Centenary Meeting in London of the British Association for the
Advancement of Science, there were decidedly fewer visitors than
usual, and this gave more opportunity to proceed with the work of
naming very large collections recently acquired, chiefly through the
assistance provided for travel by the Empire Marketing Board.

The congested state of the Herbarium and the urgent need of
increased accommodation for the great number of accessions of
specimens from all parts of the Empire was brought to the notice of
the Royal Commission on Museums and Galleries in 1927 (see Report
of Oral Evidence, p. 7). The Commissioners, fully realising the
importance of the need of a new building, referred to the urgency of
the matter in their Final Report (see Final Report, part II, p. 90).
In view of the opinions expressed by the Commissioners, the Director
set out the need in a minute to the Ministry and recommended that a
new West wing should be added to the existing Herbarium building
at right angles to the South wing, which was erected in the years
1901-3 under the Directorship of Sir William Thiselton-Dyer.
Sanction was given to the proposal by the Treasury in 1930 and plans
were drawn up for the new wing by Mr. J. H. Markham, H.M. Office
of Works, in consultation with the Director.

Work was started on the new building early in 1931, Messrs. A.
Roberts & Co., Ltd., of Kensington, being the Builders and Con¬
tractors. The actual building was completed towards the close of
the year and certain internal fittings, such as heating apparatus,
the electric light wiring and balustradings were installed. The
completion of the interior and the installation of the other fittings
will be carried out during the course of 1932, and it is hoped that
the new wing may be ready for occupation during the summer.

The new West wing consists of four floors, instead of three as in
the two existing wings, but the total height of the building is
approximately die same. The cabinets will reach from floor to
ceiling along the galleries surrounding the large well, which is pro¬
vided with top lights. The passages around the galleries have been
arranged on tide outside of the supporting pillars, so that the bays,
each of which has its own window, will be completely walled on
either side by the cabinets. On each floor at the south end a private
room has been provided. Access to the new wing will be from the
west end of the South wing.

A further addition has been the provision of new lavatories on
the ground and first floors, at the back of the Library corridor
leading from the old East wing to the South wing. The stokehold
also has been enlarged and rebuilt and a new heating apparatus
installed.

Europe, North Africa, and the Orient.

Over 12,000 sheets were mounted, poisoned, and incorporated in
the Herbarium.

Considerable advance has to be recorded in rearranging genera
in the General Herbarium. The following genera, amongst others,
have been written up during the year according to recent mono¬
graphs, standard lists, or floras:— Ajuga, Carthamus, Ceutaurium,
Echinops, Erigeron, Filago, Globular ia, Hyacinthus, Lactuca, Lamium,
Lythrum, Ornithogalum, Parietaria, Phlomis , Scilla, Scorzonera,
Scutellaria , Sedum, Sideritis, Tragopogon , and Teucrium.

The Balkan Peninsula again figures largely amongst the areas
from which collections have been received. From Greece many
valuable parcels have been received from Mr. S. C. Atchley, and
Dr. P. L. Giuseppi presented his plants from Crete and Euboea. The
Hon. H. G. Chick has commenced collecting in Greek Macedonia,
and his activities have already enriched the Herbarium by species
previously unrepresented. Mr. B. Gilliat-Smith has sent 300 sheets
of Bosnian plants, and Mr. H. Griffith Tedd continues to explore
with increasing interest and success the coastal and mountain areas
of Thrace. Prof. Stoyanoff and Messrs. Stefanoff and Jordanoff
have contributed rare Bulgarian plants.

Other important collections, apart from those purchased or
obtained in exchange, were several useful consignments from the
Island of Cyprus, to which special attention has been paid during
recent years. Mr. C. H. Wyatt's Corsican collection included many
endemics of rare occurrence, which were poorly represented in the
old exsiccata. His specimens of Crepis afforded an opportunity
for reduction of two supposed species, in which reduction Prof.
Babcock concurs. From areas hitherto unexplored in Iraq the
Rev. F. A. Rogers sent numerous parcels of plants which, moreover,
were little represented in any herbarium. With his help and that
of Mr. Evan Guest, of the Rustam Experimental Farm, a collection
should be built up which will be most valuable when the time comes
for the publication of a flora of this region. The Majorcan collections
have been greatly enriched by the good specimens of Miss M. E.
Edmonds and Mrs. N. E. Parry. An interesting collection from
Jan Mayen was also received {see p. 35). From Algeria Colonel R.
Meinertzhagen sent a collection of carefully prepared specimens of
considerable interest from a little known district. A further well
prepared collection by Mr. A. W. Trethewy from Morocco, coming as
it does from a different area from his 1930 collection, included
additional and interesting species, and does much to augment the
Moroccan section of the North African flora in the Herbarium.

Miss E. Willmott presented to the Herbarium a collection of 840
specimens, made in the Pyrenees by Baron Philippe Picot La Peyrouse
and given to her by M. Maurice Barbey de Bude. La Peyrouse
(1744-1818) described many new species from this interesting region,
and probably many of these specimens are syntypes.

The Government Botanist of Queensland, Mr. C. T. White, has
presented a set of George Don’s Herbarium Britannicum , fascicles
I-VIII, containing altogether 200 sheets of specimens. Each
fascicle comprises 25 sheets and was issued in book form with
printed title-pages, the first dated 1804 and the last 1806. It
appears from Dr. G. Claridge Druce’s articles on George Don's life
and work, published in the Scottish Naturalist , vols. vii and viii
(1883-85), that a ninth fascicle of the Herbarium Britannicum was
issued. Among the more interesting plants in the collection are
Eriocaulon septangulare } from the Isle of Skye, Eriophorum alpinum ,
from near Forfar, long since extinct, the remarkable Stellaria
scapigera, and Potentilla opaca , the last named being the only one of
" G. Don’s reputed discoveries ” mentioned in the Appendix to
Hooker’s Student’s Flora.

Research and Publications. —“ Rorippa pyrenaica and closely
allied species ” (Bull. Soc. bot. Bulg. iv. 48 : 1931).

" Vegetation of the Balkan Peninsula ” (Joum. Ecol. xix. 217 :
193 *)-

“ Notes on new or rare Hyperica ” (K.B. 1931, 29).

" On the Flora of the Nearer East, X.” (K.B. 1931, 453).

“ Climatic factors governing the distribution of plants ” (Gard.
Chron. xc. 313, 331: 1931). A paper read to Section K. of the
British Association Centenary Meeting, London, 1931.

Asia.

China and Northern Asia. —The rearrangement of the Chinese
material of more than a dozen genera has been carried out, and
several important genera have been written up from monographs.
The routine work of the year has been marked by the large number
of living specimens belonging to critical genera which have been
received for identification, in addition to dried material forwarded
from China. Many specimens have been sent on loan to various
botanical establishments and have been returned with the mono¬
grapher’s observations. The extraction and return of this material
entails much time, which is compensated for by the value of the
identifications received, especially in the case of a flora such as that
of China. Further progress has been made with the naming of
Captain Kingdon Ward’s collection from Upper Burma. In the
course of identification of his plants it has been necessary to make
detailed critical investigations of a number of genera, especially
Aconitwn, Dentella and Leycesteria.

Research and Publications. —Further research has been carried
out on the Gentianaceae, and a systematic paper on all the cultivated

species is almost ready for publication. The following papers
appeared during the year :—

" New Asiatic Gentians ” (K.B. 1931, p. 68).

“ AUia praesertim Sinensia nova vel minus cognita ” (Notes
Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinb. xvi. 135 : I 93 1 )-

“ The Botanical Name of the Japanese ‘ Old Woman’ Lily ”
(K.B. 1931, P- 159 )-

Indo-Malaya. —Owing to continued pressure on space, the bulk
of the specimens from the Malay Archipelago and the Philippine
Islands referred to in last year’s Review still remain in the Store.
Most of the current collections, however, have been incorporated in
the Herbarium.

Important contributions were received from the Botanic Gardens,
Singapore, the Forest Department of the Federated Malay States,
the Forestry Department in British North Borneo, the Forest
Botanist, Burma, and the Government Systematic Botanist, Madras.
A collection made in the South Lushai Hills of Assam was presented
by the Rev. W. J. L. Wenger.

Research and Publications. —Part IX. of the Flora of the
Presidency of Madras, comprising the families Commelinaceae to
Cyperaceae, was published early in the year. The preparation of
the last family, the Gramineae, is well in hand. The review of the
collection of plants sent by Koenig to Retzius, referred to last year,
has been completed; it is hoped to publish the results early in 1932.

The following publications prepared wholly or in part at the Kew
Herbarium have appeared during the year :—

" Dioscorea: section Stenocorea,” by D. Prain and I. H.
Burkin (K.B. 1931, p. 88).

" Dioscoreae Novae Asiaticae,” by D. Prain and I. H. Burkill
{K.B. 1931, p. 245).

“ Additions to the Flora of Borneo and Other Malay Islands:
II.", by H. N. Ridley (K.B. 1931, p. 33).

" Contributions to the Flora of Siam,” by W. G. Craib and E. T.
Geddes, Additamenta XXX., XXXI., and XXXII. (K.B. 1931,
pp. 206, 275 and 441).

“ Introduction of Cinchona to India ” (K.B. 1931, p. 113).

" Contributions to the Flora of Burma : IX.” (K.B. 1931, p. 26).

“ Plants new to Assam : III.” (K.B. 1931, p. 281).

Africa.

As is usually the case the African staff has been mainly engaged
in naming current collections, of which there have been large and
very numerous consignments during the year. Nearly 10,000
specimens have been received for determination from Tropical
Africa, mainly from East Africa.

Considerable progress has been made towards the completion of
Vol. IX., Party, of the Flora of Tropical Africa and it is hoped that
this will be ready for the press early in 1932. The last Part of the

Flora of West Tropical Africa has been proceeded with, and now
only the Cyperaceae and Gramineae remain to be worked out.
Advantage was taken of a visit by Mr. George Rattray, of East
London, Cape Province, whose field-knowledge of South African
Cycads is well known, to secure his collaboration with Mr. J.
Hutchinson in preparing an account of this family as a Supplement
to the Flora Capensis. The Government of the Union of South
Africa has kindly consented to assist financially in the publication of
this supplemental volume.

West Tropical Africa. —Now that the publication of the
Dicotyledons in the Flora of West Tropical Africa has been com¬
pleted, determinations of collections from this area have been greatly
facilitated. Some important additional species from remote dis¬
tricts have been received, however, which will be included in the
Addenda at the end of the work. These include the late Major
Chipp’s collection from the Hoggar Mountains, Central Sahara, and
that of Colonel R. Meinertzhagen from the same region. They add a
fairly considerable Mediterranean element to the Flora, and require
very critical examination.

Messrs. F. C. Deighton and R. R. Glanville have, as before,
contributed important collections from Sierra Leone, including
economic and cultivated plants for determination. Gold Coast
plants have been received from Mr. T. Lloyd Williams, Mr. A. S.
Thomas and Dr. F. R. Irvine, but the bulk have come through the
Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford. Mr. H. V. Lely continues to
add species to the Flora from the Bauchi Plateau, and all his recent
collections will need to be worked out critically for the Addenda of
the West African Flora, since they approach the eastern boundary.
The same treatment will be accorded to Mr. T. D. Maitland's large
collections from the British Cameroons, whence additional species
may be expected for a long time to come. From Nigeria Mr. J. D.
Kennedy and Mr. F. H. Espley have contributed small collections
from the forest region, whence good specimens are much to be
desired.

Cameroons and Congo. —Whilst fairly good collections of
plants exist from the Cameroons, the Congo flora is still very poorly
represented in the Herbarium. Collections are particularly needed
from the regions of the Congo bordering on the great lakes and the
Rift Valley and from Katanga. The incorporation of Kassner’s
plants during the year has filled some blanks, but many more
specimens are needed. A consignment of 94 Compositae from
various localities near the western shore of Lake Tanganyika was
received from the Mus6e du Congo Beige, Tervueren, Belgium.
These are well prepared specimens and have proved to be of con¬
siderable interest, largely supplementing Kassner’s collection.

North-East Tropical Africa. —From the Sudan, Major G.
Aylmer has sent over a hundred plants requiring critical determina¬
tion, and in the southern area Mr. G. 0 . Whitehead made a s m a ll

collection. Mr. N. D. Simpson has added nearly 200 specimens from
his investigation of the flora of the Nile Basin.

East Tropical Africa. —The East African Mountains continue
to interest travellers and botanists. On Mt. Elgon Major E. J.
Lugard made a very large and representative collection, which will
be particularly valuable for the contemplated Flora of East Tropical
Africa. Specimens of about 700 numbers were gathered, and it has
been possible to make two duplicate sets. It is expected that a
number of novelties will be present in this collection. Messrs.
G. W. L. Fishlock and G. L. R. Hancock collected a valuable series of
specimens from the higher altitudes of Ruwenzori, paying special
attention to the arborescent Senecios. Miss E. R. Napier has con¬
tinued to send consignments from Kenya Colony forwarded on
behalf of various collectors. The number of specimens from the
Forestry Department has decreased considerably, since the forest
flora is now so much better known.

Valuable specimens from Uganda were received from Mr. J. D.
Snowden before his retirement, and later from Mr. C. G. Hansford.

The largest collections from Tanganyika Territory were made by
Mr. B. D. Burtt in the Shinyanga district, in addition to a fine
series from the little explored Virunga Mountains, on which he
collected with the assistance of a grant from the Empire Marketing
Board. Mr. A. E. Harper and Mr. P. J. Greenway continued to send
large series of rare or critical species, the latter including a selection
of old material from the Amani herbarium. An important contri¬
bution of about 1000 sheets from the islands of Pemba and Zanzibar
was received from Mr. J. H. Vaughan. These and Mr. Greenway’s
plants from the same islands will be included in the Flora of Zanzibar,
which it is proposed to publish from the Amani Institute.

South Tropical Africa. —The determination of the Rhodesian
plants collected by Mr. E. Milne-Redhead and by Mr. J. Hutchinson
has-been proceeded with, together with that of those collected by
Dr. I. B. Pole-Evans during General Smuts’ expedition in 1930 (see
K.B. Annual Review 1930, p. 3). Advantage has been taken of the
study of these large collections to revise critically much of the
Rhodesian material already incorporated in the herbarium, and to
determine a number of small collections awaiting identification in
the Stores.

Several new collections were also received from Rhodesia during
the year. From a distributional standpoint, a consignment of
plants made by Senor A. F. de Gomes e Sousa near the Portuguese
border of Swaziland proved of considerable interest. Mr. J.
Gossweiler contributed a fine collection of about 350 specimens from
Angola.

Research and Publications .—A revision of the East African species
of CantJmm has been prepared, and the following papers were
published:—

" Flora of the Libyan Desert" (K.B. 1931,161).

" General Smuts’ Botanical Expedition to Northern Rhodesia ”
(K.B. 1931, 225).

" The Genus Kraussia ” (K.B. 1931, 254).

“ Tropical African Plants: VIII ” (K.B. 1931, p. 270).

" The Arborescent Senecios of the Virunga Mts." (K.B. 1931,
p.289).

“ The Genus Haplocoelum ” (K.B. 1931, p. 353).

“ African Orchids: II ” (K.B. 1931, p. 378).

“ North Eastern British Somaliland ” (K.B. 1931, p. 401).

“ The Genera Tinnea and Renschia ” (K.B. 1931, p. 455).

South Africa. —Mr. E. E. Galpin continues to take an active
interest in botanical collecting, and about 400 of his specimens
have been received from the National Herbarium, Pretoria. An
equal number has been presented by Dr. H. G. Fourcade, of Witte Els
Bosch. Through Miss W. Barker, attached to the Bolus Herbarium
in the service of Kew, by the aid of the Bentham Trustees, the
Herbarium has benefited to the extent of about 400 beautifully dried
plants, mostly of rare species grown at Kirstenbosch and raised from
wild seed or bulbs. Amongst these was a large number of Mono¬
cotyledons with fugitive flowers difficult to dry properly in the field.
Rare plants, including syntype specimens, have been sent by Mrs. F.
Bolus, Mrs. M. R. Levyns, Mr. T. P. Stokoe and Mr. G. Thomcroft.
Stimulated by the visits of various botanists, especially from Kew,
Mr. F. R.Long, in charge of the Public Parks and Municipal Lands at
Port Elizabeth, has commenced a local herbarium, from which Kew
has received over 400 well dried specimens, which are of interest
since they come from the transitional floral belt between the western
and eastern regions of South Africa. A particularly valuable set of
South African Oxcdis was received from Captain T. M. Salter, con¬
sisting of some 165 beautifully dried specimens, including many
rarities and some undescribed species.

Research and Publications .—Some progress has been made by the
Assistant for South Africa, Mr. R. A. Dyer, with a Flora of the
Albany and Bathurst Divisions of the Eastern Cape Province, during
the time available from the naming of critical specimens and other
routine work.

" Further Notes on Lachnopylis ” (K.B. 1931, p. 39).

“ A new Harveya from the Transvaal Highveld ” (K.B. 1931,

P* 65).

* Palmstruckia of the Flora Capensis ” (K.B. 1931, p. 154).

u Notes upon South African Plants ” (K.B. 1931, p. 191).

** Suggested Conservation of Pollichia ” (KJB. 1931, p. 198).

America.

During the past year nearly 11,000 specimens have-been mounted,
and about 8000 sheets have been incorporated in the Herbarium.
A number of valuable accessions have been made to the tropical

American collections, the more important being a series of duplicates
from the Amazons, collected by Dr. A. Ducke, received in exchange
from the Jardim Botanico, Rio de Janeiro ; from Surinam, received
from the Rijks XJniversiteit, Utrecht; from Cuba, collected by
Dr. E. Ekman, contributed by the Riksmuseum, Stockholm; from
various parts of tropical America, presented by the Field Museum,
Chicago; and from North America, presented in exchange by the
Missouri Botanical Garden. In addition further interesting parcels
of plants were received from Mr. R. 0 . Williams from Trinidad;
and from British Guiana, some collected by the Government Botanist
and others by officers of the Department of Forestry. The purchase
of nearly 750 specimens collected in Haiti by Mr. E. C. Leonard
greatly improved the representation of the flora of that island;
while other useful purchases were those from Schipp (British
Honduras) and from Mr. J. W. Thompson (Olympic Mts.,
Washington).

The determination of the collection made in British Guiana in
1929 by the Oxford Expedition has been practically completed, this
being the main piece of work accomplished during the year. The
naming of the Bignoniaceae was attended with special difficulty,
as this family is perhaps the least known of any in tropical America.
Other collections from British Guiana have also been identified and
incorporated. The residuum of important old collections made in
tropical America, such as those of Ule, Tonduz, and Langlass6, has
now been named and laid in. No time was available for the naming
of plants from temperate America, owing to the more urgent need
for the revision of tropical material already in the Herbarium, and
for the incorporation of outstanding tropical collections. A very
large number of undetermined Rubiaceae from East Tropical South
America were determined by Dr. Paul C. Standley, of the Field
Museum, Chicago, to whom they had been sent on loan.

A particularly valuable set of specimens was received from Miss
L. A. Boyd after her 1931 expedition to North-east Greenland. The
collection consisted of a series of flowering plants in very fine con¬
dition from Franz Josef Fjord and also a small series from the island
of Jan Mayen. The main collection is preserved at the California
Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, and a practically complete set
of duplicates was presented to Kew.

Research and, Publications .—The series of papers dealing with the
botanical results of the Oxford University Expedition to British
Guiana has been continued as follows : ** The Baromallis of British
Guiana ” (K.B. 1931, p. 46); “ Saprophytes collected by the Oxford
University Expedition to British Guiana, 1929 ” (K.B. 1931, p. 54);
“ New and Noteworthy species from British Guiana, Dilleniaceae-
Connaxaceae ” (K.B. 1931, p. 170); " New and Noteworthy
Leguminosae and Rosaceae from British Guiana ” (including a key to
the British Guiana species of Eperua) (K.B. 1931, p. 357). An
investigation into the taxonomic limits, synonymy and geographical

distribution of the " Tara ” tree of Peru, the pods of which are
employed in tanning, appeared under the title " The Botanical Name
of ' Tara ’ ” (. K.B . 1931, p. 91).

Australia and Oceania.

During the year various large miscellaneous collections have
been received, totalling over 14,000 numbers in all, needing accurate
determination.

The most outstanding of these collections was that made by
Mr. C. E. Hubbard during his year’s visit to Australia. This
comprises over 6600 numbers, and about 75,000 specimens, most of
which were gathered in Queensland. In addition Mr. Hubbard
was kindly permitted by the Government Botanist (Mr. C. T. White)
to extract duplicates of grasses from the Brisbane Herbarium, the
total number so received being 1800. Since then, Kew has received
from Mr. C. T. White many further collections of grasses, from various
parts of Queensland, including a considerable number collected by
Mr . L. J. Brass on the Gilbert River, and from other regions little
known botanically.

Another important collection presented was the Herbarium of
Mr. H. A. Longman, Director of the Queensland Museum, Brisbane.
This includes over 1300 gatherings from Queensland and New South
Wales and is a welcome and valuable gift.

Mr. C. T. White has further contributed an extremely valuable
set of duplicates of types of Australian and Papuan species described
by himself and Mr. W. D. Francis, most of which were previously
unrepresented in the Kew Herbarium.

Other collections of Queensland plants were presented by Mrs. E.
Thompson and by Mr. G. K. Jackson, while a particularly inter¬
esting set of duplicates of N. Queensland plants collected by Mr. S. F.
Kajewski was received in exchange from the Arnold Arboretum.

Dr. F. A. Rodway of Nowra has continued to send useful
consignments of New South Wales plants, while other collections
from this State include specimens of grasses from the New England
district by the Rev. E. N. McKie, and others presented by the
Director of the National Herbarium, Sydney. A valuable series of
New South Wales grasses, mostly from the vicinity of Sydney and
the Blue Mountains, was presented for determination by Miss J.
Vickery.

Victorian plants are represented among a large collection of
duplicates from Dr. C. S. Sutton’s herbarium, together with other
plants from Tasmania and a smaller number from elsewhere.
Further instalments of Tasmanian plants have also been purchased
from the Tasmanian Museum.

One of the most interesting collections received during the year
is the remainder of the plants, about 300 numbers, collected on the
Mackay Exploring Expedition in northern South Austr alia and
Central Australia by Dr, H. Basedow and presented by him. Many

of these were collected in areas previously unexplored botanically.
Dr. Basedow also presented the specimens collected by him on the
South Australian Medical Relief Expedition to the Aborigines in
1919. Dr. J. B. Cleland again generously presented about 600
duplicates of specimens from Central and South Australia, the
majority of these being grasses.

Collections of South Australian plants were also received from
Messrs. J. M. Black, E. H. Ising, J. F. Bailey, T. B. Paltridge and
Dr. R. H. Pulleine, many of these being either very rare species or
coming from localities of which the flora is very poorly known.
Mr. Hubbard on his return journey made collections at different
places along the Transcontinental Railway, particularly interesting
plants being obtained at Barton, Hughes and Forrest.

Altogether, the Australian collections received represent a
considerable addition to the Herbarium, not only as to the number
of species, but also as extending the representation of their distri¬
bution.

From New Guinea a considerable collection, made by Mr. Gregory
Bateson on the Sepik River during his anthropological studies, was
received and named.

Publications .—" The Buttresses of Rain Forest Trees ” (K.B.
1931, p. 24).

“ A Raining or Weeping Tree in Australia ” (K.B. 1931, p. 156).

“ Two New Rutaceae from Queensland and New Guinea ” (K.B.
1931, p. 188).

" Eucalyptus patellaris ” (K.B. 1931, p. 285).

“ The habitat of Patersonia macrantha ” (K.B. 1931, p. 285).

“ Notes on some Australian Monimiaceae” (K.B. 1931, p. 457).

Oceania. —The specimens of Ficus collected in the New Hebrides
on behalf of the Arnold Arboretum have now been nearly worked
out, and it is hoped to publish an account in the near future. A
number of new species has been detected.

An important collection of Tongan plants was received from
Prof. W. A. Setchell, and has been for the most part named. It is
intended to work up the Tongan species of Ficus when those of the
New Hebrides are completed, and Dr. Setchell has kindly sent on
loan for this purpose all the material in the Californian Herbarium.
Collections have also been received from the New Hebrides (Miss
L. E. Cheesman) and from New Britain (Mr. G. Bateson).

Additional instalments of plants from Bougainville Island
have been received from Mr. J. H. L. Waterhouse, who for some
years has been collecting with the aid of a grant from the Empire
Marketing Board. This collection now contains over 550 numbers,
and is an important contribution from a flora which is very
imperfectly known.

Further valuable collections of Fijian plants have been received
from Mr. W. Greenwood and from Mrs. C. J. Parham, the latter
from Vanua Levu, which is little known botanically.

Pteridophyta, Thallophyta.

Pteridophyta. —There have been few large additions to the fern
collection during the year, though several hundreds of specimens in
small lots have been received. Two Jamaican collections were
presented, one of 276 specimens by Mr. C. R. Orcutt, and another
of 200 by Mr. Barclay Brown, through Toe H. Another smaller
West Indran collection of 76 specimens was received from Miss E. M.
Wakefield, who collected mainly in Trinidad and Dominica.

Mr. R. C. Ching prolonged his stay at Kew until May and con¬
tinued his study of the Chinese Pteridophyta. At the same time he
was able to revise the bulk of the Chinese fern herbarium of the
Edinburgh Botanic Garden, which was forwarded to Kew for that
purpose.

Over 2000 sheets were laid in during the year, the remainder
of the material awaiting incorporation being housed in a special
cabinet in alphabetical sequence of genera. No further re-arranging
of the collections in accordance with Christensen's Index Filicum
has been carried out this year.

Fungi. —During the early part of the year considerable time was
spent in rearranging certain groups of Ascomycetes in the Herbarium.
In the old Saccardo arrangement the genera of comparatively
recently distinguished families, such as the Microthyriaceae, were
found scattered amongst the Perisporiaceae, Dothideaceae and
Hysteriaceae. These have now been brought together and arranged
on the basis of the latest Ascomycete Supplement (Vol. XXIV. of
Saccardo's Sylloge). At the same time the genera still remaining in
the Perisporiaceae were put in order, and certain small groups of
Discomycetes, such as the Myriangiaceae, were also brought together.
Although no attempt has been made to rearrange species, the genera
included in these families will now be more easily available for
consultation.

* A considerable amount of material has again been added to the
collections in the course of the year. Mr. E. J. H. Comer has
continued to send Singapore Polyporaceae. The specimens are well
chosen to illustrate variations in each species and are accompanied
by valuable notes taken from the fresh specimens. Other important
collections have been received from Uganda (Mr. C. G. Hansford),
Rhodesia (Mr. J. C. F. Hopkins), Cameroons (Mr. T. D. Maitland),
and India (Professor S. R. Bose, and Messrs. J. C. Sengupta and R. N.
Parker), and Mr. R. N. Nattrass has made a beginning with the fungi
of Cyprus. British fungi collected during forays have been added,
in particular several interesting species collected during the foray of
the British Mycological Society at Belfast.

Miscellaneous queries dealt with during the year were of the usual
varied type, and much time has been spent in providing assistance
to research workers at home and abroad by the examination of type
specimens, and by loans of herbarium material, as well as by assis¬
tance in the n a m i n g of critical species. Among the more interesting

questions which were raised was one concerning a fungus, found in
the gut of mosquito larvae, which was submitted by the Mosquito
Control Institute at Hayling Island. This fungus has been sub¬
mitted to experts in entomogenous fungi but was not recognised.
It appears to be entirely new to Science and probably represents a
new genus.

Work has been continued at intervals on the British Guiana fungi
collected in 1929 by the Oxford University expedition, which have
been supplemented during the year by interesting species sent by
Mr. E. B. Martyn, the Mycologist for British Guiana.

Biological and Genetical Herbaria.

About 1500 specimens have been added to these collections
during the year. These include : (1) further series illustrating the
vegetation of Richmond Park and of the land-slide on the south
coast of the Isle of Wight, (2) fine series from Mr. Edgar Thurston
illustrating the life-histories of Cornish plants, (3) specimens of
Anthyllis, Silene, Centaurea, Saxifraga, Ranunculus, and Digitalis,
recording breeding and field studies.

Summary.

The routine work, apart from naming, accomplished by the
regular staff and by the special Store Staff during 1931 is summarised
as follows:—

Mounted .50,000 (approx.)

Incorporated .

Duplicates distributed
Specimens received on loan
Specimens sent out on loan
Specimens presented or purchased

40,829

5370

7390

7451

141,945

Illustrations and Photographs.

The Artist has been occupied chiefly with the preparation of
plates from dried specimens for publication in the leones Plantarum,
Vol. II., part iii., which will be published early in 1932. In addition,
drawings in colour and in monochrome have been made for the
Herbarium collection.

About 250 herbarium sheets (mostly of type specimens borrowed
from Continental and other herbaria) have been photographed for
the Kew Collection, and approximately 700 Kew sheets have been
photographed for other Institutions. A commencement has been
made with the arrangement and indexing of photographic negatives
in the Jodrell Laboratory.

In the course of private investigations the Artist has developed a
method of photographing dried specimens on a smaller scale than is
usual and of making positives by enlarged projection-printing.
When suitable apparatus can be purchased, the introduction of thus
system will result in a considerable saving of cost in production of
photographs of herbarium sheets.

The part-time services of Miss S. Ross-Craig have been enlisted
by the Bentham Trustees to prepare some of the drawings for the
leones Plantarum, the Kew Bulletin, and the Flora of West Tropical
Africa.

The drawings and photographs of plants received during the
year include 70 original coloured drawings prepared for the Botanical
Magazine, and 23 photographs, presented by the Royal Horticultural
Society; 33 photographs of trees in the Adelaide Botanic Garden,
from Mr. J. F. Bailey; 41 photographs mostly of type specimens of
species of Cor&ia and Pilea from the Smithsonian Institution,
Washington ; 30 coloured plates from the Flowering Plants of South
Africa, from Dr. I. B. Pole Evans ; 16 proof plates of species of
Dioscorea, prepared for the Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden,
Calcutta, vol. xiv., from Mr. I. H. Burkill. Nineteen stereo-negatives
of Australian Orchids have been purchased from Mr. T. Green, and
6r photographs of type and other specimens of Aegiphila, from Mr.
H. L. Moldenke, and others from various sources.

The incorporation in the collection of the very numerous
drawings and photographs received annually has been for a long
time in arrears owing to pressure of other work. Thanks to the
Bentham Trustees, Miss S. Wilson is now engaged on the work of
mounting and arranging the drawings and it is hoped it will be
possible to put the whole collection in working order.

The Kew collection of portraits of botanists has been enriched
by the presentation, by Prof. R. E. Fries, of over 150 duplicates
from the fine collection of portraits at the Bergielund Botanic
Garden, Stockholm. Among them are several of Linnaeus and a
number of old prints of some of the early herbalists. Swedish
botanists are well represented in the collection and include J. G.
Agardh, A. G. Nathorst, C. F. O. Nordstedt, Th. M. Fries, Th. C. E.
Fries, and the donor, of whom there is an excellent photograph.
Many of the portraits are taken from the third volume of the Acta
Horti Bergiani. Other portraits received are of Dr. G. Claridge
Druce and Mr. J. F. Bailey; and a coloured photograph, auto¬
graphed and framed, of Samuel Curtis, at one time proprietor of
Curtis’s Botanical Magazine, together with a framed photograph of
the “ Trade Card ” of William Curtis, which was probably used by
him as a bookplate, have been presented by Dr. Henry Curtis,
F.R.C.S.

A collection of 99 portraits, many of which have been reproduced
from portraits at Kew, has just been published for the Royal Horti¬
cultural Society by Messrs. Quaritch in a volume entitled '* Curtis’s
Botanical Magazine Dedications, 1827-1927: Portraits and Bio¬
graphical Notes,” compiled by Ernest Nelmes and William
Cuthbertson. The volume opens with a portrait and biographical
notice of William Curtis, the founder of the Magazine. The con¬
ception of this interesting volume, of which a copy has been received
from the Royal Horticultural Society, is due to Mr. Cuthbertson,
and the biographies have been prepared by Mr. Nelmes.

Nomenclature and Bibliography.

Many enquiries concerning questions of nomenclature, received
from correspondents both at home and abroad, have been dealt
with, and references to the places of publication of numerous obscure
names have been traced and supplied.

At the request of the Empire Forestry Association the scientific
names in the List of Trade Names of Empire Timbers published in
the Empire Forestry Handbook, 1931, were checked, and various
amendments were suggested.

A copy of the proofs of the late Dr. Briquet’s Report of the
Nomenclature Proceedings of the Fifth International Botanical
Congress was read for the press by Dr. Sprague. This Report will
form the basis of the Third Edition of the International Rules.

The preparation of a list of well-known generic names which are
later homonyms has been commenced. At the Cambridge Congress
it was agreed to reject later homonyms on the definite understanding
that any well-known generic names which would consequently be
invalidated under this rule should be conserved.

Publications .—A paper dealing with the History and the Rules of
Nomenclature appeared in the Empire Forestry Journal, x. No. I.
pp. 54-72 (1931).

Under the heading " Additions to the Index Kewensis: XI.”
an account of Griffith’s Itinerary Notes (Posthumous Papers, ii
ed. J. M'Clelland, 1848} was given in K.B. 1931, pp. 199-201.

Index Kewensis.

Throughout the year the work of compiling the Index Kewensis,
Supplement VIII, has continued steadily. The present number of
entries reaches about 28,000, and it is hoped that the preparation of
the manuscript for the Press will be started early in 1932.

It may be noted that during the quinquennium covered
(1926-30), an unusual number of new periodicals has appeared, such
as: Cavanillesia (1928); Journal of the Cactus and Succulent
Society of America (1929) ; Bulletin de la Soci6t6 Botanique de
Bulgarie (1926), and Archives de Botanique, Caen (1927). Although
the number of new names contained in these periodicals may not be
great, the time taken in going through them is considerable. About
one month’s work has been done in the Library of the British Museum
(Natural History), where numerous periodicals not received at Kew
have been searched.

The duplicating of the Card Catalogue has been commenced
and will be completed early in 1932. For this work the Clarendon
Press are generously making a grant in aid.

Experimental Work.

The work at Potteme has been continued satisfactorily despite
the unfavourable weather conditions. Research on Ranunculus

Ficaria is being extended by Mr. Marsden-Jones to include pollina¬
tion studies. Back-cross and other generations involving Saxifraga
potternensis were scored and large generations of seedlings have
been raised for investigation in 1932.

Research on Centaurea was concentrated on floral characters of
an intraspecific nature, including corolla-development and sex.
New crossings and selfings were made, and many hundreds of plants
were scored. Ranunculus sex-studies are awaiting cytological
interpretation.

Large generations of Silene, both of bred and immediate wild
origin, were scored and new crossings and selfings were made.
Mr. Marsden-Jones studied a wild population of 5 . vulgaris in
Berkshire, and Dr. Turrill spent three weeks in the French Alps
investigating the occurrence of the Alpine varieties of Silene and their
altitudinal and ecological distribution. As a result, large collections
of herbarium specimens and of seed for raising fresh stocks have
been received at Kew.

In the Herbarium Ground many plants from Persia and the
Balkan Peninsula have been grown, in addition to material connected
with the Potteme experiments. Two groups (each of 100 plants),
of Plantago maritima have been grown for Dr. J. W. Gregor, of the
Corstorphine Plant Breeding Station, with interesting results.

Publications. — “ Researches on Silene maritima and S. vulgaris :
V. ” KJB. 1931,118 ; VI. KB. 1931, 345 ; VII. K.B. 1931, 391.

" Biological races in seed-bearing plants and their significance
in evolution ” (Ann. Appl. Biol, xviii. 442 : 1931).

“ Flower mutations in the primrose ” (New Phyt. xxx. 284: 1931).

" Species studies in plants " (Rep. Bot. Exch. Club 1930, 416:

1931)-

Transplant Experiments.

The second of the biennial series of reports has been prepared
for publication in a forthcoming number of the Journal of Ecology.
The 1931 results have been of exceptional interest on account of the
number of factors recorded and the study of death-rates and their
causes.

A plant of Fragaria has been cloned for transplanting early in
193a and the Transplant Committee has also decided to experiment
with material of diploid and hexaploid Phleum pratense.

Visitors.

The number of signatures in the Visitors’ book for 1931 was
5154* The following were amongst the most noteworthy or frequent
visitors to the Herbarium:—

Mr. W. E. Bassett, late of Victoria Botanic Gardens, Cameroons,
Mr. E. G. Baker, Mr. W. J. Bean, Mr. L. A. Boodle, Dr. F. Boergesen,
Botanical Museum, Copenhagen, Mr. N. E. Brown, Prof. A. H. R.
Buller, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Mr. I. H. Burkill, Dr. J.
Burtt Davy, Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, Dr. E. J. Butler,
Imperial Mycological Institute, Kew.

Miss M. E. J. Chandler, Mr. R. C. Ching, Academia Sinica,
Nanking, China, Prof. W. Y. Chun, Botanical Institute, Sun Yat-Sen
University, Canton, Chaplain and Mrs. J. Clemens, Prof. W. G.
Craib, Cruickshank Botanic Garden, Old Aberdeen, Mrs. J. W,
Coombs, Botanical Garden, Bronx Park, New York.

Dr. J. M. Dalziel, Dr. and Mrs. B. H. Danser, University of
Groningen, Holland, Mr. G. D. Darker, University of Toronto,
Mr H. N. Dixon, Dr. and Mrs. G. Du Rietz, The Royal University,
Uppsala.

Dr. H. G. Fourcade, Prof. R. E. Fries, Bergianska Tradgdrden,
Stockholm.

Mr. P. J. Greenway, East African Agricultural Research Station,
Amani, Mr. W. B. Grove, Prof. T. H. Goodspeed, University of
California.

M. Liou Ho, Saigon, Cochin China, Dr. D. Hooper, Mr. A. C.
Hoyle, Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, Mr. R. E. Hunter,
Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture, Trinidad.

Prof. M. 0 . P. Iyengar, Presidency College, Madras.

Miss M. C. Karsten, Gelderland.

Mrs. M. R. Levyns, The University, Cape Town, Dr. R. Lloyd
Praeger, Dublin, Mr. T. Lloyd Williams, Department of Agriculture,
Gold Coast.

Mr. E. W. Mason, Imperial Mycological Institute, Kew, Dr. A.
Meebold, Heidenheim, Wurttemberg, Col. R. Meinertzhagen, Dr.
Franklin P. Metcalfe, Lingnan University, Canton, Dr. P. A. Munz,
Pomona College, Claremont, California.

Mr. C. Norman.

Miss M. W. Parke, Marine Biological Station, Port Erin, Mr. R-
Paulson, Mr. T. Petch, Mr. W. R. Price, Mr. H. W. Pugsley.

Mr. George Rattray, East London, S. Africa, Mrs. E. M. Reid,
Mr. P. W. Richards, Botany School, Cambridge, Mr. H. N. Ridley,
Prof. W. Robyns, Jardin Botanique de l'Etat, Brussels, Mr. N. V.
Rounce, Department of Agriculture, Tanganyika Territory.

Capt.T.M. Salter, Cape Town, Dr. G. Samuelsson, Naturhistoriska
Riksmuseet, Stockholm, Mr. A. C. Smith, New York Botanical
Garden, Prof. N. J. G. Smith, Rhodes University College, Grahams-
town, Mr. J. D. Snowden, late of Agricultural Department, Uganda.
Dr. O. Stapf and staff for Index Londinensis and Botanical Magazine.

Mr. C. G. Trapnell.

Dr. G. B. Wallace, Department of Agriculture, Tanganyika
Territory. Dr. T. Wisniewski, University, Warsaw, Lt.-Col. A. H.
Wolley-Dod.

Additions to Herbarium.

The total number of specimens received during 1931 was about
142,000, of which 2830 were purchased. The chief sources from
which they were obtained are given below.

Europe.— Presented : Great Britain, by Messrs. F. Ballard, A. J.
Crosfield, F. Druce, T. A. Dymes, G. H. Gooder, A. R. Horwood,
J. E. Little, E. M. Marsden-Jones, R. Melville, E. Milne-Redhead,
E. Nelmes, W. E. Nicholson, N. Y. Sandwith, H. K. A. Shaw, E.
Thurston, C. H. Wright, Rev. F. A. Rogers (Algae), Dr. G. C.
Druce, Dr. T. A. Sprague, Dr. W. B. Turrill, Lady Douie, Miss
Ida M. Hayward (per Dr. G. C. Druce), Mrs. C. Sandwith, Miss
E. M. Wakefield (fungi), the Botanic Museum and Herbarium,
Brisbane, per Mr. C. T. White (Herbarium Britannicum, by
G. Don), East Mailing Plant Research Station, and by the
Watson Botanical Exchange Club (per Mr. E. C. Wallace);
Balearic Islands, by Miss M. E. Edmonds, the Gray Herbarium,
Harvard University (coll. Mrs. Sinclair Kennedy), and by Mrs.
N. E. Parry; Bulgaria, by Mr. B. Stefanoff, and by Prof. N.
Stoyanoff, Flora Bulgarica Exsiccata; Caucasus, by Leningrad
Botanic Museum (coll. E. and N. Busch) ; Corsica, by Mr. C. H.
Wyatt; Crete, by Dr. P. L. Giuseppi; Czechoslovakia, by Dr. K.
Domin, Flora Czechoslovenica Exsiccata, Century II,, and by
Dr. J. Podpera, Flora Exsiccata Republicae Bohemicae
Slovenicae, Century VI.; France, by Mr. C. H. Wyatt; Greece,
by Mr. S. C. Atchley, the Hon. H. G. Chick, Dr. P. L. Giuseppi, and
by Mr. H. Griffith Tedd; Iceland, by Col. R. Meinertzhagen
(coll. Theresa Clay); Italy, by Mrs. Macalister Hall; Malta, by
Prof. J. Borg ; Norway, by Dr. W. Leach ; Rumania, by the
Botanic Garden and Museum, University of Cluj, Flora Roman-
iae Exsiccata, Century X.; Spain, by Mr. C. V. B. Marquand,
and by Miss E. Willmott, Reliquiae Lapeirousianae ; Sweden,
by Dr. G. Samuelsson (coll. G. Samuelsson and E. Kohler);
Switzerland, by Mr. J. W. Wyatt; U.S.S.R., by the State
Sub-tropical Institute, Tifiis ; Yugoslavia, by Mr. B.
Gilliat-Smith, and by Mrs. A. P. Thompson ; various, by Mrs. A.
Henry (Conifer seeds), and by Dr. G. Samuelsson.

Purchased : Mr. J. Wagner, Tiliae exsiccatae criticae, Fascicle
I.; Mr. Fr. Verdoom, Hepaticae Selectae et Criticae, Series II,
numbers 51-100.

Orient. — Presented : Cyprus, by Dr. G. C. Druce, Mrs. I. Tracey,
and by the Agricultural Department (coll. C. B. Ussher);
Egypt, by the Horticultural Section, Ministry of Agriculture;
Iraq, by the Rev. F. A. Rogers ; Palestine, by the Department
of Agriculture (coll. Miss R. Gabrielith); Sinai, by Dr. F.
Chodat (coll. A. Kaiser).

Atlantic Islands. — Presented : Canary Islands, by Mr. A. H.

Maude, and by Madame C. C. V. de Perez.

China and Japan. — Presented : by the Arnold Arboretum,
Harvard University, the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh,
and by the Metropolitan Museum of Natural History, Nanking
(colL Y. Tsiang),

Purchased : Pro! W. Y. Chun, Flora of Kwangtung.

India and Ceylon. — Presented : Bengal, by Prof. S. R. Bose
(fungi); Burma, by Mr. R. N. Parker, and by Mr. C. E.
Parkinson; Ceylon, by the Department of Agriculture;
Lushai Hills, by the Rev. W. J. L. Wenger; Madras, by the
Royal Botanic Gardens, Calcutta, the Agricultural College
and Research Institute, Coimbatore, and by the Department of
Agriculture; United Provinces, by Mr. R. N. Parker, and by
the University of California, Los Angeles (coll. Umbrao Singh).
Malay Peninsula. — Presented : by the Forest Research Insti¬
tute, Kepong, the Agricultural Department, Kuala Lumpur,
and by the Botanic Gardens Department, Singapore.
Indo-China. — Presented: Siam, by Dr. F. W. Foxworthy,
Mr. H. B. Garrett, and by Dr. A. F. G. Kerr (coll. A. F. G. Kerr,
Noi Put, and M. C. Lakshnakara).

Malay Islands. — Presented : British North Borneo, by the
Forestry Department; various, by the Director, Botanic
Garden, Buitenzorg.

Purchased : Sarawak plants (coll. J. and M. S. Clemens).

New Guinea. — Presented : by Mr. G. Bateson, and by the Botanic
Museum and Herbarium, Brisbane.

Australia. — Presented : New South Wales, by the Rev. E. N.
McKie, Dr. F. A. Rodway, Miss J. W. Vickery, the Director,
Botanic Gardens, Sydney, and by the Department of Agri¬
culture ; Queensland, by Mr. M. A. Cameron, Mr. F. F. Coleman,
Mr. G. K. Jackson, Mrs. Estelle Thomson, the Arnold Arboretum,
Harvard University (coll. S. F. Kajewski), and by the Botanic
Museum and Herbarium, Brisbane; Northern Australia, by
Dr. H. Basedow; Western Australia, by Mrs. A. Elder, Mr. C.
B. Palmer, and by the Director, Botanic Garden, Adelaide (coll.
Mr. Pearce); South Australia, by Dr. H. Basedow, Mr. J. M.
Black, Dr. J. B. Cleland, Mr. E. H. Ising, and by the Director,
Botanic Garden, Adelaide ; various by Dr. J. B. Cleland, Dr. A.
Meebold, Dr. R. H. Pulleine, Dr. C. S. Sutton, and by the Royal
Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (coll. A. Morrison); Tasmania, by
Dr. F. A. Rodway.

Collected : various localities, by Mr. C. E. Hubbard.

Purchased : Tasmanian plants (the Tasmanian Museum and
Art Gallery, Hobart).

New Zealand. — Presented : by Mr. H. W. Lawton.

Oceania. — Presented : Fiji, by Mr. W. Greenwood, Mrs. C. J.
Parham, the University of California, Berkeley (coll. H. E.
Parks), and by the Department of Agriculture, Suva; New
Caledonia, by the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (coll.
Franc) ; New Hebrides, by Miss L. E. Cheesman, and by
the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (coll. A. Morrison) ;
Solomon Islands, by Miss B. Blackwood; Tonga, by the
University of California, Berkeley (coll. H. E. Parks and W. A.
Setchell).

Collected : Bougainville Island, by Mr. J. H. L. Waterhouse.

West Tropical Africa. — Presented : Angola, by Mr. J. Goss-
weiler; Belgian Congo, by Prof. E. de Wildeman, and by Prof.
W. Robyns; Cameroons, by the Botanic Gardens, Victoria
(coll. T. D. Maitland), and by Dr. J. Mildbraed; Gold Coast,
by Dr. F. R. Irvine, and by the Department of Agriculture (coll.
J. E. Symond, A. S. Thomas, and T. Lloyd Williams) ; Nigeria,
by Dr. C. Christensen (coll. O. Hagerup), Mr. Ivan D. Hepburn,
the Forestry Department (coll. H. V. Lely, F. H. Espley and

A. S. Thomewill), and by the Department of Agriculture (coll.
J. West, E. H. G. Smith and F. D. Golding) ; Sierra Leone, by
the Agricultural Department (coll. F. C. Deighton, R. R.
GlanviHe, J. W. D. Fisher, and G. M. Roadan) ; various, by
by Dr. J. Burtt Davy.

North and North-East Africa.— Presented : Algeria and
Ahaggar Mountains, by Col. R. Meinertzhagen; Morocco, by
Mr. A. W. Trethewy; Sudan, by the Department of Agriculture
and Forests.

East and South Tropical Africa.— Presented • Kenya, by
Dr. R. E. Fries (coll. R. E. and T. C. E. Fries), Sir A. W. Hill,
Major E. J. Lugard (coll. E. J. Lugard, Mrs. Cyril Lugard, and
T. H. E. Jackson), Hie Forestry Department, Nairobi (coll. J.
McDonald, C. A. Thorold, R. H. Le Pelley, D. C. Edwards, I. R.
Dale, and H. M. Gardner), and by the Coryndon Memorial
Museum (coll, by Miss E. R. Napier, Mrs. Broadhurst-Hill and
Miss C. Harvey); Nyasaland, by Dr. J. Burtt Davy, the Royal
Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh (coll. G. Adamson), and by the
Department of Agriculture; Portuguese East Africa, by
Senhor A. F. de Gomes e Sousa; Rhodesia, by Dr. J. Burtt
Davy, Mr. R. P. Bush, Mr. F. Eyles, Sir A. W. Hill, Mr. D.
Stevenson, the Division of Plant Industry, Pretoria (coll. I. B.
Pole Evans), and by the Department of Agriculture, Salisbury
(coll. J. M. Rattray, T. C. Moore, and J. C. Hopkins) ; S. Sudan,
by Mr. N. Douglas Simpson, and by Mr. G. 0 . Whitehead;
Tanganyika Territory, by the Agricultural Department (coll.
F. R. Sanders and A. E. Haarer), the Forestry Department (coll.
W. A. Robertson), the Department of Tsetse Research (coll.

B. D. Burtt and G. W. St. Clair Thompson), the East African
Agricultural Research Station, Amani (coll. P. J. Greenway, H.
Musk, and others), and by the Coryndon Memorial Museum (coll.
R. L. Harger); Uganda, by Sir A. W. Hill, Prof. Dr. H.
Humbert, the Agricultural Department, Kampala (coll. J. D.
Snowden, L. C. C. Liebenberg, C. G. Hansford, C. W. L. Fish-
lock and others), and by the Forestry Department, Entebbe
(coll. N. V. Brasnett, C. M. Harris, and J. Wright Hill); Zanzi¬
bar, by Mr. P. J. Greenway, and by Mr. J. H. Vaughan ; various
by Dr. J. Burtt Davy.

Collected : Virunga Mountains, by Mr. B. D. Burtt.
Mascarene Islands. — Presented : Mauritius, by Mr. R. E.
Vaughan.

Chagos Archipelago. — Presented : by Prof. J. Stanley Gardiner
(coll. J. C. Willis and J. S. Gardiner).

South Africa. — Presented : Cape Province, by Dr. H. G.
Fonrcade, Mrs. M. R. Levyns, Mr. F. R. Long, Dr. A. Meebold,
and by Dr. J. Muir; Natal, by the Natal Herbarium ; Trans¬
vaal, Mr. G. Thomcroft, and by the Transvaal Museum;
various, by Dr. J. Burtt Davy, Sir A. W. Hill, Mr. T. P. Stokoe,
the Rev. F. A. Rogers, Captain T. M. Salter, the Bolus Herb¬
arium, and by the Division of Plant Industry, Pretoria.
Purchased : Mr. E. G. Bryant, Karroo plants.

North America.— Presented : Baffin Land, by the Rev. H. A.
Turner; Greenland, by Miss Louise A. Boyd and by the Rev.
F. A. Rogers ; Canada, by Mr. J. C. Bennett; United States,
the Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh (coll. Drummond), the
Gray Herbarium, Harvard University, the Arnold Arboretum,
Harvard University, the University of California, Berkeley
(coll. Victor Duran, H. E. Parks, E. B. Copeland and others),
the University of California, Los Angeles (coll. Carl Epling and
L. Ellison), the California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco
(coll. J. T. Howell), and by the U.S. Department of Agriculture
(coll. G. C. Hedgcock).

Purchased : Mr. J. W. Thompson, Washington plants.
Central America.— Presented : various, by the Field Museum,
Chicago.

Purchased : Mr. W. A. Schipp, British Honduras plants.
West Indies. — Presented : Cuba, by the Arnold Arboretum,
Harvard University, and by Riksmuseum, Stockholm (coll.
E. L. Ekman ); Jamaica, by the University of California,
Berkeley (coll. E. R. Orcutt) and by Mr. Barclay Brown (coll.
Mrs. Budd); Trinidad and Tobago, by the Department of
Agriculture (coll. R. O. Williams and R. C. Marshall); various,
by Miss E. M. Wakefield (ferns).

Purchased : Mr. W. E. Broadway, Trinidad plants ; Mr. E. J.
Valeur, Dominican Republic plants ; Mr. R. Ciferri, Mycoflora
DomingensisExsiccata; the Smithsonian Institution, Haiti plants.
East Tropical South America. — Presented : Brazil, by the U.S.
Department of Agriculture (coll. Mrs. Chase), the Director,
Botanic Garden, Rio de Janeiro (coll. A. Ducke), and by the
Gray Herbarium, Harvard University (coll. L. B. Smith) ;
British Guiana, by the Forestry Department (coll. J. B.
Aitken and others), the Department of Agriculture (coll. E. B.
Martyn, A. A. Abraham, and T. Bone), and by the Field
Museum, Chicago (coll. A. C. Persaud).

West Tropical South America. — Presented : Peru, by the Field
Museum, Chicago; various, by the U.S. National Museum (coll.
E. P. Killip and A. C. Smith).

Temperate South America. — Presented : Argentine, by Prof.
L. R. Parodi and Dr, Angel L. Cabrera; Chile, by Mrs. D.
Carson Roberts and by Mr. A. H. Hunter.

Distribution of Duplicates.

The following were the principal institutions to which duplicates
were distributed:—

Great Britain and Irish Free State. —Aberdeen, Cruickshank
Botanic Garden; Dublin, Trinity College; Edinburgh, Royal
Botanic Garden; London, Natural History Museum; Oxford,
Imperial Forestry Institute.

Europe and Orient. —Berlin, Botanic Gardens and Museum ;
Brussels, Botanic Garden; Copenhagen, University Botanic
Museum; Jerusalem, The Hebrew University; Karlovy, The
University ; Paris, Natural History Museum ; Riga, Botanical
Institute ; Stockholm, Botanical Museum ; Tervueren, Belgian
Congo Museum; Utrecht, University Botanic Museum and
Herbarium.

Africa. —Amani, East African Agricultural Research Station ;
Grahamstown, Albany Museum; Nairobi, Coryndon Memorial
Museum; Pretoria, Division of Plant Industry; Salisbury, Depart¬
ment of Agriculture, Southern Rhodesia.

Asia .—Buitenzorg, Botanic Gardens; Hong Kong, Botanical
and Forestry Department ; Canton, Sun Yat-Sen University;
Nanking, National South Eastern University.

America. —Cambridge, Mass., Botanical Museum; New York,
Botanical Garden; Washington, D.C., U.S. Department of Agri¬
culture ; U.S. National Museum ; Rio de Janeiro, Botanic Garden ;
Georgetown, Demerara, Forestry Department.

The Library.

The more important presentations received during the year are
as follows:—

The Bentham Trustees have presented a copy of the late Sir
Frank Crisp's Mediaeval Gardens , which was edited after his death
by his daughter, Mrs. Catherine Childs Paterson, and published in
two volumes in 1924. Other books presented by the Trustees are :—
S. Dale, Pharmacologia, ed. 3, London, 1737; P. Dioscorides, De
medicinali materia libri quinque . . . Joanne Ruellio interpret#,
Paris, 1516; J. J. Fillassier, Dictionnaire du jardmier frangois ,
Paris, 1791, 2 vols.; A. Haller, De Allii genere naturali libellus,
Gottingae, [1745]; C. von Linn6, Philosophia botanica, editio
secunda . . . curante J. G. Gleditsch , Berolini, 1780 ; H. W. Wollen-
weber, Fusaria autographies delineata, tabulae 660-1100, Berolini,
1930, and Fusarium-Monographie , in Zeitschr. f. Parasitenkunde ,
Bd. 3, Heft 3, Berolini, 1931; and Miss S. A. Young's Studies of
trees, with and without foliage, 12 plates, Edinburgh, 1834 I also the
continuation of several periodicals received in exchange for Hooker's
leones Plantarum.

The Index Londinensis, the new edition of G. A. Pritzel’s Iconum
boianicarum index, which has been prepared under the auspices of the
Royal Horticultural Society by Dr. Otto Stapf at the Royal Botanic

Gardens, Kew, and published by the Clarendon Press, Oxford, is
now completed. The final two volumes, 5 and 6, issued during the
year, have been presented by the Royal Horticultural Society, and a
second copy by Miss R. Chichester of Arlington Court, near Barn¬
staple. The work includes references to figures of plants published
up to the end of 1920. A supplement to cover the years 1921 to
1935 is now in progress.

Lieut.-Col. Sir David Prain has presented the continuation of
several periodicals, including the Bulletin de la Socidtd Botanique de
France, Benchte der Deutschen Botanischen Gesellschaft, The Quarterly
Journal of Pharmacy, and Proceedings of the American Philosophical
Society. He has also presented about a hundred botanical papers
and a number of volumes among which are A. Engler’s Monographic
der Gattung Saxifraga L., 1872, and A. H. Church's Types of floral
mechanism, part 1, 1908.

The following books have been received from their publishers for
review in the Kew Bulletin:—J. Adams, A student's illustrated Irish
flora (from Messrs. L. Reeve & Co.); J. Britten & G. S. Boulger,
A biographical index of deceased British and Irish botanists, ed. 2,
revised and completed by A. B. Rendle (from Messrs. Taylor &
Francis); L. J. Cook, Perpetual carnations (from Messrs. Benn) ;
W. DalHmore & A. Bruce Jackson, A handbook of Coniferae including
Gmkgoaceae, ed. 2 (from Messrs. E. Arnold & Co.) ; R. Fisher,
Flowers of grass : how to know the names of British grasses (from
Messrs. Wheldon & Wesley) ; and A. C. Seward, Plant life through
the ages (from the Cambridge University Press). All were issued in
1931 -

Books received from the Editor of Nature. The more important
are:—E. B. Copeland, The coconut, ed. 3 ; A. Engler & K. Prantl,
Die naturlichen Pfanzenfamilien, zweite Auflage, Bd. 19a and 19c
(bound); A. J. Ewart, Flora of Victoria, 1930; O. Gessner, Die
Gift- und Arzneipflanzen von Mitteleuropa ; R. Grimwade, An
anthography oftheEucalypts, ed. 2,1930; A. M. Johnson, Taxonomy of
the flowering plants ; J. C. Liu, Systematic botany of the flowering
families in North China ; and E. Thurston, British and foreign trees
and shrubs in Cornwall, 1930. Those of which the year is not stated
were published in 1931.

Independent works and a few of the more important reprints
from periodicals received include the following, which have been
presented by their authors, unless otherwise stated:— Anvers,
V e Congrds International d'Agriculture Tropicale, 1930, Rapports, etc.
(from tiie Secretariat General, Brussels); A. Barbey, A travers les
forits de Pinsapo d’Andalousie ; H. M. L. Bolus, Notes on Mesem-
brianthemum and allied genera, pt. 2, pp. 225-308, 3 copies; H.
Brenier, Essai d’atlas statisique de VIndochine, 1914 (from Mr. H. C.
Sampson) ; P. Bruhl, A census of Indian mosses, in Rec. Bot. Surv.
India, vol. xiii, no. 2 ; Cambridge, Fifth International Botanical
Congress, Report of Proceedings (from the Executive Committee);

H. G. Champion & I. D. Mahendru, Sylvicultural research manual for
use in India, vol. ii (from the Government of India); Classified list
of daffodil names (from the Royal Horticultural Society) ; W. G.
Craib, Florae Siamensis enumeratio, vol. i, pt. 4 (from the Siam
Society, Bangkok); G. Delevoy, La question forestiire au Katanga,
3 vols., 1928-29 (from the Comity Special du Katanga); £. De
Wildeman, Plantae Bequaertianae, vol. v, fasc. 2 & 3 ; Flora Sibm

1 Dal’negho Vostoka (Flora Sibiriae et Orientis extremi a Museo
Botanico Academiae Scientiarum edita), pts. 5 & 6, Leningrad, 1930-31;
R, Florin, Untersuchangen zur Stammesgeschichte der Conifer ales und
Cordaitales, Teil i, in K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., ser. 3, vol. x,
no. 1; J. Fothergill, The gardener’s colour book, 1927 ; H. Froder-
strom, The genus Sedam L., pt. 2, in Acta Horti Gothoburgensis,
vol. vi, app. ; J. S. Gamble, Flora of the Presidency of Madras,
pt. ix, Commelinaceae to Cyperaceae, by C. E. C. Fischer (from the
Secretary of State for India) ; C. A. Gardner, Enumeratio plantarum
Australiae occidentalis, 1930-31 (from Director, Department of
Agriculture, Western Australia); H. Gilbert-Carter, Our catkin¬
bearing plants, 1930 ; The Handbook of Tanganyika, 1930 (from the
Government of Tanganyika Territory); W. F. van Hell, Onderzoek-
ingen over ziekt&n van lelies, Proefschrift; G. Herter, Florula
Uruguayensis, 1930 ; H. H. Hu & R. C. Ching, leones filicum
Sinicarum, fasc. 1, 1930 ; E. Hultdn, Flora of Kamstchatka and the
adjacent islands, iv, in K. Svenska Vet.-Akad. Handl., ser. 3, vol. viii,
no. 2, 1930; J. B. Hurry, The wood plant and its dye, 1930 (from
Mrs. Hurry) ; J. Hutchinson & J. M. Dalziel, Flora of West Tropical
Africa, vol. ii, pt. x, 5 copies (from the Crown Agents for the
Colonies); H. A. Hyde, Welsh timber trees native and introduced,

2 copies (from author and National Museum of Wales); H. H.
Janssonius, Mikrographie des Holzes der auf Java vorkommenden
Baumarten, Liefg. 10, 1930; M. Jarry, Manuel d’agriculture
tropicale, 1917 (from Mr. Alfred J. Large); R. Keller, Synopsis
rosarum spontanearum Europae mediae, in Denkschr. Schweiz.
Naturforsch. Ges., Bd. lxv (from Prof. Hans Schinz); G. Koidzumi,
Florae synibolae Orientali-Asiaticae, 1930 ; V. L. Komarov, Flora
pminsulae Kamtschatka, iii, 1930 (from the Academy of Sciences,
Leningrad); W, M. Kruseman, De invloed van temperatuur en
narcose op het transport der assimilaten, Proefschrift; J. Lanjouw,
The Euphorbiaceae of Surinam, Proefschrift; L. Lef6bure, A Uas
botanique, ou clef du jardin de I’univers, etc., 1817 (from Mr. J. S. L.
Gilmour); A. Lemfie, Dictionnaire descriptif et symnymique des
genres de plantes phanerogames, tome iii; J. H. Maiden, A critical
revision of the genus Eucalyptus, pt. 75 (from Director, Botanic
Gardens, Sydney); Mildred E. Mathias, Studies in the Umbelliferae,
iii, in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. vol. xvii, 1930; K. Miyabe & Y,
Kudo, leones of the essential forest trees of Hokkaido, fasc. 20-28,
1928-31, with plates 59-86, drawn by C. Suzaki (from the Hokkaido
Government); T.Nakai,FZof<z syhatica Koreana, pars xviii, 1930 (from
the Forest Experiment Station, Government General of Chosen); E.

Nelmes & W. Cuthbertson, Curtis's Botanical Magazine dedications ,
1827-1927 : portraits and biographical notes (from the Royal Horticul¬
tural Society; there is a reference to this work in the note on Illustra¬
tions and Photographs); L. Newton, A Handbook of the British
Seaweeds (from the Trustees of the British Museum); North American
Flora, vol. xvii, pt. 4, and vol. xviii, pt. 1 (from Director-in-Chief, New
York Botanical Garden); Emily H. Pelloe, West Australian Orchids,
1930 (from Sir Francis Newdegate); J. F. V. Phillips, Forest-succession
and ecology in the Knysna Region , forming Memoir of the Botanical
Survey of South Africa, no. 14 (from Dr. I. B. Pole Evans); Proceedings
of the celebration of the three hundredth anniversary of the first recognised
use of Cinchona held at the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis,
October ’yi-November 1, 1930; Reports of the Great Barrier Reef
Committee, vols. i-iii, 1925-31 (from the Committee); S. Sasaki, A
catalogue of the Government Herbarium (Government Research
Institute, Taihoku, Formosa), issued as Report no. 9 of the Depart¬
ment of Forestry; K. Sawada, List of fungi found in Formosa ;
H. Seckt, Flora Cordobensis, in Rev. Univ. Nac. Cdrdoba, vols.
xvi-xvii, 1929-30 (from Mr. S. Gaselee); N. M. Stelling-Dekker,
Die Sporogenen Hefen, in Verliandel. K. Akad. Amsterdam, vol.
xxviii, no. 1 (from Prof. Joanna Westerdijk); F. L. Stevens, Fungi
from Costa Rica and Panama, in Illinois Biol. Monogr., voL xi, no. 2,
1927 ; R. P. Strong (Editor), The African Republic of Liberia and the
Belgian Congo, based on the observations made and material collected
during the Harvard African Expedition, 1926-27, 2 vols., 1930 (from
the Editor); J. McLean Thompson, Studies in advancing sterility ,
pt. v, in Publications of the Hartley Botanical Laboratories (University
of Liverpool), no. 7 ; H. Trimen, A handbook to the flora of Ceylon,
pt. vi. Supplement, by A. H. G. Alston, 2 copies (from the Crown
Agents for the Colonies); A. Wood, A class-book of botany, ed. 1,
1845, and the 1849 reprint of ed. 2—“ tenth edition ” (from the Gray
Herbarium of Harvard University); and E. W. Wulff, Flora
Kruima ( Flora Taurica), vol. i, fasc. 3, 1930. Those of which the
year of publication is not stated were issued in 1931.

Periodical and serial publications, which have been presented by
their editors or the societies or institutions issuing them, unless other¬
wise stated, include the following :— Acta Botancia Instituti Botanici
Universitatis Zagrebensis, vol. v ; Acta Florae Sueciae, Bd. i, 1921, all
issued (from Dr. R. E. Fries); Acta Horti Botanici Universitatis
Latviensis, vol. v, nos. 1-3, and vol. vi, no. 1; Acta Horti Gothoburg-
ensis, vol. vi; Addisonia, vol. xvi, nos. 1-3 (from Director-in-Chief,
New York Botanical Garden) ; Amies del Museo Nacional de Historia
Natural “Bernardino Rivadavia,” (Buenos Aires), vol. xxxvi;
Annales Societatis Zoolog -Botanicae Fennicae Vanamo, vols. xi, xiii
and xv; Archief voor de Thee-cultuur in Nederlandsch-Indie, 1930,
nos. 4-6 and 1931, nos. 1-4; Archives du Musdum National d’Histoire
Naturelle (Paris), s6rie, vol. v; Australian and New Zealand
Association for the Advancement of Science, Report of the 20 th meeting,

193° ; British Association for the Advancement of Science, Report of
the 98 th meeting , 1930 (from Miss E. M. Wakefield) ; The British Fern
Gazette, vol. vi, nos. 2-3 (from Mr. C. H. Wright) ; Brittonia, a series
of botanical papers, published by the New York Botanical Garden,
vol. 1, nos. 1-2; Bulletin de Vlnstitut et du Jardin Botaniques de
VUmversite de Beograd, vol. i, no. 3 ; Bulletin du Jardin Botanique
de Kieff, livr. 11; Bulletin of the Madras Government Museum, new
series, vol. iv, pt. 1 (from Mr. C. E. C. Fischer); Bulletin of the
Miyazaki College of Agriculture and Forestry, no. 3 ; Bulletin of the
Rubber Growers’ Association, vol. xiii; Bulletin de la Sociiti
Botanique de Bulgarie, vol. iv.; Bulletin de la Sociiti Botanique
de Genive, 2 rae s&rie, vol. xxii; Bulletin de la Sociiti Dendrologique
de France, nos. 76-78 (from Mr. W. J. Bean); Bulletin de la
Sociiti Royale de Botanique de Belgique, vol. lsdii, fasc. 2;
Contributions from the Biological Laboratory of the Science Society of
China, Nanking, 15 numbers; Contributions du Laboratoire de
Botanique de V Universiti de Montrial, nos. 16-18 ; The Empire Cotton
Growing Review, vol. viii; Erdiszeti Kisirletek (Forest Researches),
Sopron, Hungary, vol. xxxii, pts. 2-4, and vol. xxxiii, pts. 1-2 ;
Forestry : the Journal of the Society of Foresters of Great Britain,
vol. iv, no. 2, and vol. v, nos. 1-2; Hardy and Half-hardy Plants,
edited and published by A. W. Darnell, vol. i, and vol. ii, nos. 1-4
and 6 ; Indian Forester, vol. lvii ; Indian Tea Association, Quarterly
Journal, 1930, pt. 4, and 1931, pts. 1-3 ; Japanese Journal of Botany,
published by the National Research Council of Japan, vol. v, nos.
3-4; Journal of the Board of Greenkeeping Research, vol. ii, nos. 4-5 ;
Journal of the Department of Agriculture, Kyushu Imperial University
(Fukuoka, Japan), vol. iii, nos. 2-5 ; Journal of the Department of
Agriculture of Victoria, vol. xxx ; Journal of the Faculty of Science,
Imperial University of Tokyo, sect. 3, Botany, vol. iii, pts. 1-2;
Journal of the Federated Malay States Museums, vols. xvi, pts. 1-4 ;
Journal of the Imperial Agricultural Experiment Station, Nishigahara
(Tokyo), vol. i, nos. 1-2; Journal of the New Zealand Institute of
Horticulture, vol. ii, nos. 3-4, and vol. iii, no. 1; Journal of Science
of the Hiroshima University (Japan), series B, div. 2 (Botany),
vol. i, articles 1-3; K. Svenska Vetenskapsakademiens Handlingar,
ser. 3, vol. viii, no. 2, vol. ix, nos. 1-6, and vol. x, no. 1; Long Ashton
Agricultural and Horticultural Research Station, Annual Report, 1930 ;
Malayan Forest Records, no. 9; Memoirs of the American Academy
of Arts and Sciences, vol. xvi, pt. 1 (Contribution towards a monograph
of the Laboulbeniaceae, by R. Thaxter, v); Memoirs of the College of
Agriculture, Kyoto Imperial University, nos. 13-14; Memorias do
Instituto Oswaldo Cruz (Rio de Janeiro), vol. xxiv, fasc. 3-4, and vol.
xxv, fasc. 1-4; Memorias da Sociedade Broteriana (Coimbra), vol. i
(Subsidies para 0 conhecimento da flora da Guini portuguesa, por A. de
Figueiredo Gomes e Sousa); MeZsaimniecibas rakstu krajums
(Sammlung forstwirtschaflicker Schriftm, herausgegeben vom
Verbande lettlandischer Forstwirte), vol. viii; Mykologia (Organ

Ceskoslovesk&io Klubu Mykologick6no v Praze), vols. v-vi; Natural
History Magazine, published by the British Museum (Natural
History), vol iii, nos. 17-20 ; Nederlandsche Dendrologische Vereenig-
ing, Jaarboek, 1930; Nederlandsch Kmidkundig Archief, 1930,
Afl. 3, and 1931, Afl. 1 ; Nigeria, Geological Survey, Bulletin, no. 13
(from the Government of Nigeria); Notes from the Royal Botanic
Garden, Edinbuigh, nos. 78 and 79; Nova Acta Regiae Societatis
Scientiarum Upsaliensis, ser. 4, vol. vi, fasc. 2, and vol. vii, fasc. 1;
The Orchid Review, vol. xxxix; Preslia (Prague), vol. ix; Pro¬
ceedings of the Imperial Academy (Japan), vol. vi, nos. 9-1 o, and
vol. vii, nos. 1-8 ; Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, sect. B,
vol. xxxix, nos. 26-28, and vol. xl, nos. 1-10; Quarterly Journal of
Forestry, vol. xxv; Queensland Agricultural Journal, vols. xxxiv,
pt. 5 to vol. xxxvi, pt. 4 ; Records of the Botanical Sumey of India,
vol. xiii, no. 2, 3 copies ; Recueil des Travaux Botaniques NSerlandais,
vol. xxvii, and vol. xxviii, livr. 1-2; Research Studies of the State
College of Washington, vol. ii, nos. 3-4; The Science Reports of the
Tohoku Imperial Universtiy (Sendai, Japan), ser. 2 (Geology),
vol. xii, no 2A, vol. xiv, no. 2A, and vol. xv, no. 1; ser. 4 (Biology),
vol. v, no. 4, and vol. vi, nos. 1-3 ; Scripta Horti Botanici Univer-
sitatis Yytauti Magni (Kaunas, Lithuania), vol. i; Sinensia ( Con¬
tributions from the Metropolitan Museum, Nanking), vol. i, nos. 8-12,
vol. ii, no. 1, and Special Bulletin, no. 1; Taihoku Botanic Garden
(Formosa), Annual Reports, vol. i; The Tasmanian Journal of
Agriculture, vol. ii, nos. 1-4; Transactions and Proceedings of the
Botanical Society of Edinburgh, vol. xxx, pt. 4; Transactions and
Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute, vol. lxi, pts. 3-4, and vol. lxii,
pts. 1-2 ; Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada, ser. 3, sect. 5,
vol. xxiv, pt. 1, and vol. xxv ; Transactions of the Tottori Society of
Agricultural Science (Japan), vol. ii, no. 2, and vol. iii; Travaux des
Laboratoires de Materiire Mddicale et de Pharmacie GaUnique de la
Faculti de Pharmacie de Paris, vol. xxi; Tropical Woods (Yale
University School of Forestry), nos. 25-28 ; Union of South Africa,
Veterinary Services and Animal Industry, vjth Report of the Director,
pts. 1 and 2 ; The University of Colorado Studies, vol. xviii, nos. 2-3,
Watson Botanical Exchange Club, dflth Annual Report (from Mr. H.
Stuart Thompson); Yale University School of Forestry, Bulletin,
nos. 26-31.

Numerous other publications have been received from the Empire
Marketing Board, the Imperial Agricultural Bureaux, especially the
Imperial Bureau of Soil Science, Rothamsted Experimental Station,
the Imperial Bureaux of Plant Genetics at Cambridge and Aberys¬
twyth, and the Imperial Bureau of Fruit Production, East Mailing
Research Station, the Botanical Laboratory of the University of
Utrecht, the Botanical Museum of the University of Zurich, the
Departments of Agriculture and Forestry in India, the Indian Lac
Association for Research, including A practical manual of lac culti¬
vation, by P. M. Glover, the Botanical Section of the Ministry of

Commerce and Communications, Siam, the Department of Agri¬
culture, Industry and Commerce in the Dutch East Indies, the
Botanic Garden, Buitenzorg, the Bureaux of Science, Plant Industry
and Forestry, Philippine Islands, the New York Botanical Garden,
the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis; the United States
Department of Agriculture ; and the Cornell University Agricultural
Experiment Station.

A large number of papers, usually reprints from periodicals,
have been received. Contributors of these include Dr. Agnes Arber,
Dr. Kathleen B. Blackburn, Mrs. Frank Bolus, Prof. J. Bommiiller,
Prof. K. Braun, Mr. B. F. Bush, Miss A. Camus, Prof. H. Chermezon,
Prof. R. Chodat, Dr. P. Chouard, Dr. B. H. Danser, Prof. E. De
Wildeman, Prof. L. Diels, Mr. H. N. Dixon, Dr. A. Ducke, Dr. G.
Einar Du Rietz, Sir A. W. Hill, Prof. A. S. Hitchcock, Prof. R. Maire,
Dr. F. P. Metcalf, Rev. Luis Mille, Prof. S. Murbeck, Dr. E. P.
Phillips, Prof. K. Rouppert, Prof. G. Samuelsson, Dr. T. A. Sprague,
Mr. H. Sydow, Mr. I. Theriot, and Prof. N. I. Vavilov.

Among the maps added to the collection are two of the Arctic
Ocean and Greenland Sea showing route of the Louise A. Boyd
Expedition, 1931, presented by Miss Bo5 T d. A map of Rhodesia, in
four sheets, compiled by R. T. Hockey, has been received from Mr.
E. W. B. H. Milne-Redhead, and a map of Florida, prepared for the
United States Department of Agriculture, from Mr. H. C. Sampson.

Printed under the authority of His Majesty's Stationery Office.
By die South Eaaex Recorder*, Ltd., High Road, Ilford

ft) Wt. XIfi/20 950 3/82 S.E.R. Ltd. Bp. 9.

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

BULLETIN OF
MISCELLANEOUS
INFORMATION

APPENDIX II, 1932

REVIEW OF THE WORK OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC
GARDENS, KEW, DURING 1932

LONDON

PUBLISHED BY HIS MAJESTY'S STATIONERY OFFICE

chased directly from H.M. STATIONERY OFFICE at the following addresses
stral House, Kings way London, W C 2, 120, George Street, Edinburgh 2
York Street, Manchester; 1, St. Andrew’s Crescent, Cardiff
IS, Donegall Square West, Belfast
or through any Bookseller

70-52-2-3Z

1933

Price Is 6 d. Net.

ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW.

LIST OF STAFF.

31ST December, 1932.

Head Office.

Director —Sir A. W. Hill, K.C.M.G., M.A., Sc.D., D.Sc. (Adelaide).
F.R.S., F.L.S., F.N.Z.Inst.

Assistant Director—J. S. L. Gilmour, B.A., F.L.S.

Economic Botanist —H. C. Sampson, C.I.E., B.Sc., F.L.S.
Botanist —W. N. Winn.

Assistant Botanist—B. L. Burtt.

Clerk (Higher Grade)— S. F. Ormsby.

Herbarium and Library.

Keeper —A. D. Cotton, F.L.S.

Deputy Keeper —T. A. Sprague, D.Sc., F.L.S.

Botanists —S. A. Skan.

Miss E. M. Wakefield, M.A., F.L.S.

W. B. Turrill, D.Sc., F.L.S.

J. Hutchinson, F.L.S.

C. V. B. Marquand, M.A., F.L.S.

V. S. Summerhayes, B.Sc.

Miss M. L. Green, B.A., F.L.S.

F. Ballard, B.Sc.

C. E. C. Fischer {India).

R. A. Dyer, M.Sc. {South Africa).

Temporary Botanists —N. Y. Sandwith, M.A.

C. E. Hubbard.

E. W. B. H. Milne-Redhead, M.A.
Assistant Botanist —E. Nelmes.

Temporary Assistant Botanists —A. R. Borwood.

H. K. Airy-Shaw, B.A.

A. A. Bullock, B.Sc.

Miss C. I. Dickinson, B.A.

Artist —G. Atkinson.

Hon. Associate {Transplant and Breeding Experiments) —E. M.
Marsden-Jones, F.L.S.

Jo dr ell Laboratory.

Assistant Keeper—C. R. Metcalfe, M.A., Ph.D.

Museums.

Keeper— W. Dallimore, V.M.H.

Assistants —J. H. Holland, F.L.S.

F. N. Howes, M.Sc.

Gardens.

Curator— J. Coutts.

Assistant Curators— A. Osborn {Arboretum).

C. P. Raffill {Temperate).

L. Stenning {Tropical).

G. W. Robinson {Herbaceous).

A. S. Wilson {Greenhouse and Ornamental).

[Kew Bulletin, Appendix II 1932

Plvte XI

(To face page 2.

The new wing of the Herbarium viewed fiom the south-west

Kem Bullet hi, A ppendix II, 1932 .]

Plate XII

The interior of the new wing of the Herbarium.
To face page 3 ].

BULLETIN of MISCELLANEOUS
INFORMATION Appendix II 1932
ROYAL BOTANIC GARDENS, KEW

REVIEW OF THE WORK OF THE ROYAL BOTANIC
GARDENS, KEW, DURING 1932.

General.

Staff. —Kew suffered a great loss by the death on March 4th
of Mr. T. W. Taylor, who had been Curator since May, 1929 (K.B.
1932, 112, 156). Mr. J. Coutts, Assistant Curator in charge of the
Decorative Department, was appointed to fill the vacant post
(K.B. 1932,155). Mr. A. S. Wilson was appointed Assistant Curator
in succession to Mr. Coutts.

Mr. J. Aikman, the Director’s Confidential Assistant, retired
under the age-limit on October 8th, after nearly 44 years service
at Kew (K.B. 1932, 459). Mr. S. F. Ormsby has been appointed
Chief Clerical Officer in the Director’s Office in succession to Mr.
Aikman.

Mr. B. L. Burtt has been appointed an Assistant Botanist in
the Director’s Office.

Official Visits. —During April Mr. Milne-Redhead visited
Brussels, and spent a fortnight in the herbarium of the Jardin
Botanique de l’Etat comparing specimens from Northern Rhodesia
with type specimens of species from the Katanga Province of the
Belgian Congo. As a result of this visit it has been possible to
identify and record a number of species, previously known only
from the Congo, as occurring also in Northern Rhodesia. In con¬
nection with research on Tropical African Compositae, Mr. B. L.
Burtt spent five days at the Brussels herbarium in the early part
of August. A large number of Kew specimens were identified and
several doubtful questions settled.

In connection with the preparation of the final part of the Flora
of West Tropical Africa, Mr. J. Hutchinson and Dr. J. M. Dalziel
paid a visit to Paris in November to study the collection of West
African Monocotyledons in the herbarium of the Laboratoire
d’Agronomie Coloniale, and certain types in the herbarium of the
Museum d’Histoire Naturelle, Both the Director of the Botanical
Department, Prof. H. Humbert, and Prof. Chevalier gave every
facility for the work and the latter also kindly supplied lists of
vernacular names for inclusion in the Appendix to the Flora. He
further forwarded on loan about 250 specimens, including grasses,
for detailed study, collected during his latest journey into the
Sahara.

Professor C. Houard, the Director of the Botanical Institution
of the University of Strasbourg, having generously offered the
National Herbarium at Pretoria a set of duplicate South African
specimens collected by Ecklon, Zeyher and Drege, the Assistant
for South Africa at Kew, Mr. R. A. Dyer, spent some days at
Strasbourg in May in order to select the specimens from the
herbarium. As a result of this visit the Pretoria herbarium has
been enriched by a valuable collection of 550 specimens, including
many type numbers. On the return journey Mr. Dyer visited the
herbarium at Leiden and the experimental garden of the University
under the charge of Dr. W. A. Goddijn.

Collecting Expeditions. —The following expeditions were
rendered possible thanks to the grant received from the Empire
Marketing Board for overseas missions and collecting purposes.

In the early months of 1932, Mr. G. W. St. Clair Thompson,
late of the Tsetse Research Department, Shinyanga, Tanganyika
Territory, carried out a collecting trip in Tanganyika and N.
Rhodesia. After spending ten days in the Northern Province,
collecting on Oldeani and neighbouring mountains, Mr. St. Clair
Thompson proceeded south to Iringa Province, where he remained
for six weeks, making extensive collections in the mountainous
country between New Iringa and Abercom on the N. Rhodesian
boundary, especially on Mt. Rungwe and the Poroto Mountains.

In March, 1931, the Colonial Office, following on Mr. Collenette’s
work with the Anglo-Italian Boundary Commission in Somaliland
in 1929/30 (K.B. 1931, 401), offered the Director the opportunity
of attaching a botanist to the British Somaliland-Ethiopia Boundary
Commission, which left England in November 1931. The Director
was able to arrange for Mr. J. B. Gillett, Scholar of King's
College, Cambridge, who has had previous collecting experience
in Africa with General Smuts and Mr. J. Hutchinson, to join the
Commission.

Owing to the botanically dull character of the opening stages
of the work of the Commission, Mr. Gillett did not leave England
until September, 1932. After collecting round Hargeisa, the tem¬
porary base camp of the Commission, Mr. Gillett made a trip south-
eastwards along the boundary, and subsequently two journeys in
the country north-west of Hargeisa. He hopes to spend some
time collecting in the mountainous country around Harrar, in
Abyssinia, an area which has been very little explored botanically.
One case of dried specimens, seeds and tubers has already been
received from Mr. Gillett, and he is also making an ecological
survey of the vegetation.

Tung Oil.

Aleurites Fordii .—A definite resting season appears to be
essential for the proper development of this species. This can
be effected either by a cold or by a dry season. Without such
conditions the plant does not appear to be able to thrive. This

practically eliminates the humid tropics, and it is only at high
elevations where definite dry seasons occur that there is any like¬
lihood of this species thriving in these areas. Trees raised from
seed are very variable both in habit and in their fruiting capacity.
The size of the fruit and the size of the nut are also very variable.
Hence, if this is to become an economic crop, it appears certain
that vegetative methods of propagation will have to be adopted.
American experience shows that there is little difficulty in using
a system of patch budding and trials reported from Assam support
this view. A sufficient number of seedling trees has now been
established in those countries where the crop is likely to succeed
and where the maturity of the trees is sufficiently advanced. The
selection of “ mother ” trees which will supply bud wood is being
made and methods of budding are being investigated.

Samples of fruits from Empire sources are being collected as
they become available and these are being examined and reported
on to the Imperial Institute Sub-Committee for Tung Oil by the
Director of the Paint Research Station of the British Paint, Colour
and Varnish Manufacturers Association.

Aleurites montana .—This species has now been satisfactorily
established in several parts of the Empire. It is a more tropical
species and reports received indicate that it is likely to thrive in
many countries where the climate is too tropical for A. Fordii .
Trees which were raised from seed supplied in 1927 to the East
African Agricultural Research Station at Amani have this year
flowered freely. So far, however, the trees have only formed
female flowers. Examinations made of the oil of this species show
that it differs slightly from that of A. Fordii , and, though it does
not come up to existing standard specifications for Tung oil, the
oil is eminently suitable for the manufacture of paints and varnishes.

Banana Research. —The collections of types of Musa Caven-
dishii from the Canaries and from Brazil which have been grown
in the Banana Quarantine House have been propagated and suckers
have been despatched to Professor Cheesman at the Imperial
College of Tropical Agriculture at Trinidad. There still remains
a variety of this species of Musa which was obtained from Burma
and it is expected that suckers from this will be sufficiently mature
for despatch in the summer.

It is hoped this next season to obtain collections of banana
varieties from the east and from the west coasts of Peninsular
India and the Directors of Agriculture in Madras and Bombay
have been asked to assist in procuring planting material. Efforts
are also being made to obtain planting material of Musa nana
from French Indo-China.

Plant and Seed Introduction. —At the Conference of Colonial
Directors of Agriculture, which was held at the Colonial Office in
July, 1931, a resolution was adopted in which recommendations

were made “ that steps should be taken to facilitate the dissemination
of information in connexion with the introduction of economic
crops and varieties thereof, and also in regard to their sources of
supply/' It further recommended that the Royal Botanic Gardens,
Kew, should be asked to undertake this work in co-operation with
Colonial Departments of Agriculture.

In response to this resolution a list of cultivated crop plants
(other than those confined to temperate regions) was prepared,
and this has been circulated with a questionnaire not only to Colonial
Departments of Agriculture, but also to India, the Sudan and to
those Dominions which control tropical and sub-tropical regions.
In this way an inventory of tropical and sub-tropical crops through¬
out the Empire can be prepared, which will in the future enable
more detailed work on particular crops to be undertaken. Already
replies to this questionnaire have been received from most of the
Colonies and from some of the Dominions and the information
has been indexed. This is the first time that an inventory of the
economic crops of the Empire has been attempted, and, even in
its present incomplete form, it has been of considerable use in
dealing with enquiries from the Colonies.

Director’s Office. —The alterations which were described in
the Annual Review, 1931, 11, were completed in March of this
year.

The Registry, which is accommodated in the room formerly
used by the Director, is being reorganised, and a clerical officer
has been appointed as Registry Clerk.

Publications. —During the year ten numbers of the Kew
Bulletin were published and only one Appendix, instead of two.
This was due to the omission of the " List of Seeds,” which is being
published as a separate pamphlet (K,B. 1932, 352). The present
“ Review ” will form Appendix II, 1932, and will be bound in
the volume for that year. In future there will be only one Appendix,
namely the ” Review” for the current year (K,B. loc. ctt.)

A new edition of the “ Popular Illustrated Guide ” was pub¬
lished in July.

The revision of the “ Hand-list of Rock Garden Plants ” has
been commenced, the nomenclature being revised throughout. The
new hand-list will include both Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons,
and a list of woody plants suitable for growing in rock gardens
will be appended.

The “ Hand List of Trees and Shrubs ” is also under revision.

The Gardens.

Visitors. —The number of visitors to the Gardens in 1932 was
1,068,395, a decrease of 320,789 as compared with the figures for
193 1 .

This serious falling off appears to have been fairly general
throughout the year, with the exception of the months of March

and December, and was no doubt due to some extent to general
economic conditions. The Sunday figures were 120,571, and the
week-day figures 200,218 less than those in the previous year.

The greatest monthly attendance was in May with 224,677 and
the lowest in December with 12,886. The highest daily attendance
was 33,416 on Sunday, 12th June ; the lowest was 12 on November
22nd.

The penny charge for admission, which was reimposed on
October 5th, 1931, and the charge of sixpence on Students’ Days
(Tuesdays and Fridays) remained unchanged.

Flower Garden. —The removal of the clipped golden yews
in the formal Rose Garden, with the exception of two at either
end of the cross-paths, has necessitated settmg back the end yews
in line with the pyramidal hollies at the ends of the vistas. Two
rose beds have also been set back and two new ones made to match
the pair at the end of the Sion Vista The removal of the chpped
yews adds greatly to the appearance of spaciousness in this section
of the Gardens.

New or noteworthy plants that have flowered for the first time
at Kew are: Isotoma anethifolia, Mutism subulata and Crindonna
Memoria-Corsii.

Rock Garden. —A portion of the south end of the Rock
Garden has been reconstructed, the old soil being removed and
replaced with fresh compost. This has resulted in a marked im¬
provement in the health and vigour of the Primulas and other
plants cultivated at this end of the garden.

One of the most interesting plants which flowered was Primula
WoUastonii. This choice Primula and a share of a large consignment
of seeds were presented by the Maharaja of Nepal to H.M. The
King, for the embellishment of the Royal Parks and Gardens.

The interesting experiment of Capt. Kingdon Ward in bringing
back living mat plants from his expedition in N. Burma gave
fairly successful results and the following species were identified:
Sahx sp. near S. Lmdleyana, Nepeta lannopsis, Hoeckia Ascher-
soniana, Epilobium sp. probably E. Waftianum, Juncus sp. probably
J. elegans, Polygonum viviparum, P. Forresti, Fagopyrum cymosum
and others.

Temperate House. —The whole of the exterior of the Tem¬
perate House range and the interior of the Himalayan section
have been repainted, and two new sectional boilers have been
installed to replace worn out saddle boilers. The intention is to
replace in this way—as opportunity occurs—all the old types.
In the nursery a new frame has been constructed to replace the
one that had to be demolished to make room for the new Arboretum
pit.

The collection of Rhododendrons in the Himalayan and Chinese
sections, which was becoming over-crowded, has been opened out

and re-arranged where necessary. The large specimen of Talauma
Hodgsonii in the main building and the giant honeysuckle, Lonicera
Hildebrandiana, have flowered freely. The latter, which has now
attained a length of 70 feet, produced a number of green, globose
fruits, i-i£ inches in diameter. Asparagus falcatus, the largest
species in cultivation, produced its primrose-coloured, deliciously
fragrant flowers in wonderful profusion during July.

Amongst the newer Rhododendrons of note which have flowered
during the year, mention may be made of R. Taggianum, R.
scopulorum, and R. sino-Nuttallii, which first flowered at Kew in
1930.

A large plant of Cytisus Battandieri, native of the mountains
of Morocco, growing outside in one of the bays on the south side
of the Temperate House, produced its fragrant, golden yellow
flowers in great profusion during May and June, and was perhaps
the most outstanding plant of the year.

Arboretum. —Early in the year somewhat extensive alterations
were commenced in the lay-out of the ground between the Main
Gate and the end of the Broad Walk. The two old Chusan
p alm s (Trachycarpus excels us) in front of No. 1 House were
removed and replanted with existing specimens in the shrubbery,
and, in order to accentuate the formal lines of the house, the
surrounding Irish yews were planted at the comers of the paths.
The plot in front of the house was laid out in formal beds, in which
a display of bedding Dahlias was made during the summer. The
existing Rhododendrons, in several cases overgrown, were cleared,
some of the plants being sent to the new Pinetum at Bedgebury.
To conform with the general layout the beds have been re-made
with straight sides and planted with a collection of Rhododendron
(Azalea) species including R. Vaseyi, R. viscosum, R. occidental
and R. luteum. To prolong the flowering season a selection of the
larger growing species of Lilium has been planted in the beds.
The screen of trees and shrubs in this part of the garden is in process
of being widened and re-planted with more choice subjects.

The collections of Lonicera and Rhamnus, which in the past
have been scattered indiscriminately over a large area of lawn,
have been planted in bedstand gathered together into two compact
areas. This has opened up several unexpected views and should
give better cultural conditions for the individual plants. The
general upkeep will also be greatly simplified.

A new and more direct path has been made to the Tea Pavilion.
The Toad on its north side has been turfed over and the surrounding
gravel tarred.

In the Arboretum nursery a new sunk pit has been built along¬
side the old propagating pit.

MeUosma Veitchionm and Styrax Veitchianum have flowered
this year, the latter for the first time at Kew.

Tropical Department. —The collection of Cycads at the
south end of the Palm House has been rearranged and brought
together into one group, the shrubs that were formerly growing
with them having been moved elsewhere. This rearrangement
has greatly improved the appearance of this unique collection.

A new electric motor for pumping rain-water has been installed
in the Palm House stokehole, and the hot water pipes in the central
portion of the house have been thoroughly overhauled.

The collection of Filmy Ferns, which for some years has been
in an unsatisfactory condition, has been replanted in fresh compost.
While it was empty the opportunity was taken to overhaul and
repair the house.

In House No. 2 many of the hot water pipes have been replaced
and a new sectional boiler has been installed in place of two old saddle
boilers. In House No. 5 the plants in the centre bed at the north
end have been rearranged, the Aloes and Euphorbias, as far as
possible, being grouped together. On the staging at the south-west
end a miniature rockery has been constructed to accommodate a
collection of small South African succulents. In the Office Yard
the hot water pipes have been overhauled in Houses Nos. i8b
and c. Houses Nos. 1 and 2A, and Pits Nos. 6 and 6a, 10-15,
and 17B have been painted externally.

Plants worthy of notice which have flowered are : Dasylirion
quadrangidatum, Gurania malacophylla and Paphiopedilum Wardii ,
a new species introduced by Captain Kingdon Ward from Upper
Burma.

Sherman Hoyt Cactus House (See Annual Review, 1931, 12).
—In the early months of the year the arrangement of the rock-work
and planting were undertaken. The house was formally opened
in the presence of the Minister of Agriculture and Fisheries, the
Secretary of H.M. Office of Works, the President of the Royal
Horticultural Society, and others, and was opened to the public
on Easter Monday, March 21st, 1932. Three seats for the con¬
venience of the public have been placed in the house.

Waterfowl. —The collection of ornamental waterfowl has been
maintained in good condition during the year. The chief additions
were a pair of maned geese from Australia and a pair of white
decoy ducks, the latter presented by Mr. R. N. N. Murray of
Chiswick.

Grey Squirrels. —Two pairs of grey squirrels were presented
to Kew by the Duke of Bedford in 1907. They multiplied rapidly
and the red squirrels which used to be seen in the Gardens dis¬
appeared. During the past few years many have been shot to
keep the numbers in control, and during the past year they have
been practically exterminated. Well over 1,000 have been shot
in recent years.

Rainfall Record.

Rainfall recorded at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, during 1932 :

January

Inches.

... 1-63

July

Inches.
... 1*85

February

... 0-20

August

... 1-09

March

... 1*34

September ...

... 2-15

April.

2*07

October

... 4-84

May.

... 3-90

November ...

... 1-29

June.

... 1-02

December ...

... 0-46

Total 21-84 inches.

The total for 1931 was 23-61 inches.

STUDENr Gardeners : Changes in personnel. —Seventeen
men completed their training, while one went to Mr. Cecil Hanbury’s
garden at La Mortola for a year. The Siamese student, and the
two Maltese, having finished their courses, returned to their own
countries. A Dutch student came to Kew for a period of two
months before taking up an appointment at Cantonspark Botanic
Garden, Baam, Holland. A Swedish student returned to Stock¬
holm, and an Australian went back to New South Wales to engage
in a nursery business in that State.

Of the seventeen men who finished their courses, thirteen
secured appointments at home (Parks Departments eight; private
gardens or nurseries four; Botanic Garden one). Two men pro¬
ceeded overseas to take up positions, one to Madras and one to
Randfontein.

Sixteen Student Gardeners were admitted for training and in
addition two men returned from La Mortola to complete their
period of service.

Of the sixteen new entrants, twelve are from Great Britain
(private gardens or nurseries eight, and Parks Departments four).
The Student Gardeners from overseas include an Italian from
La Mortola; one from Canada, where he was engaged in a large
plant nursery; one from Prince Alfred Park, Port Elizabeth,
Union of South Africa, and one from the Botanic Gardens, Dunedin,
New Zealand.

Contributions to the Gardens, 1932.—During the year
1,054 separate consignments of living plants, seeds, etc., were
received and added to the collections. This number represents
an increase of 68 over last year and is the highest number recorded
in the history of the Gardens. The more important donations
were as follows:—

Public Institutions :—

Berlin, Botanic Gardens.—64 packets of seeds.

Bermuda, Department of Agriculture.—A consignment of bulbs
of LUium Harrisii .

Brooklyn, Botanic Garden.—35 packets of seeds.

Brussels, Botanic Gardens.—22 packets of seeds.

Buitenzorg, Botanic Gardens.— Seeds of economic plants.

Calcutta, Royal Botanic Gardens.—Seed of Amorphophallus cam -
panulatus.

Chelsea Physic Garden, London.—36 packets of seeds, and plants
of Solanum citndlijolium.

Coimbra, Botanic Garden.—45 packets of seeds.

Copenhagen, Botanic Garden.—A collection of Begonia spp.

Darjeeling, Lloyd Botanic Gardens.—72 packets of seeds.

Delira Dun, Forest Research Institute.—Seeds, including Arun-
dinaria Pantlingii.

Dunedin, Botanic Gardens.—267 packets of seeds and a collection
of New Zealand plants.

Edinburgh, Royal Botanic Garden.—712 packets of seeds col¬
lected by the late Mr. G. Forrest; 183 packets of miscellaneous
seeds, and plants of Todea superba, Leptodermis pilosa, etc.

Federated Malay States, Department of Agriculture.—Suckers of
Musas in variety.

Fiji, Department of Agriculture.—Tubers of Dioscorea spp.

Geneva, Botanic Garden.—47 packets of seeds.

Glasgow, Botanic Garden.—46 packets of seeds.

Glasnevin, Botanic Gardens.—Seeds and plants.

Gothenburg, Botanic Gardens.—38 packets of seeds.

Hakgala, Botanic Gardens, Ceylon.—A collection of seeds and
bulbs.

Hobart, Botanic Garden.—A collection of Tasmanian plants.

Jassy, Botanic Garden, Roumania.—37 packets of seeds.

Kaunas, Botanic Garden, Lithuania.—56 packets of seeds.

Kirstenbosch, National Botanic Garden.—77 packets of seeds;
conns of Watsonia Wordsworthiae and a collection of Pelar¬
gonium spp.

Leningrad, Botanic Garden.—58 packets of seeds.

Lisbon, Botanic Garden.—37 packets of seeds.

London, Hyde Park.—A collection of 58 packets of seeds collected
in Nepal; stove and greenhouse plants including Eustoma
Russellianum and Blumenbackia chuquitensis ; herbaceous and
alpine plants and a collection of Meconopsis spp.

Malta, Department of Agriculture.—Seeds of Vida leucantha and
plants of Centaurea crassifolia.

Montpellier, Botanic Garden.—82 packets of seeds.

Munich, Botanic Garden.—A collection of ferns, stove plants,
alpines and succulents.

New York, Botanic Garden.—61 packets of seeds, including Cycas
Wadei.

New York State Agricultural Station, Geneva, N.Y.—Plants of
Prwms tomentosa var.

Ottawa, Central Experimental Farm.—50 packets of seeds.

Oxford, Botanic Garden.—Seeds and plant of Eichhomia azurea.

Palermo, Botanic Garden.—35 packets of seeds.

Paris, Museum d’Histoire Naturelle.—54 packets of seeds.

Peradeniya, Royal Botanic Gardens.—A collection of palm seeds.

Rostock, Botanic Garden, Germany.—A collection of aquatic
plants.

Seychelles, Department of Agriculture.—Seeds of Sorindeia
madagascariensis and Northea seychellana.

Simla, Viceregal Gardens.—Miscellaneous seeds, including Lilium
spp.

Singapore, Botanic Garden.—Seeds and plants including Nepen¬
thes Macfarlanei.

Stellenbosch, University Botanic Garden.—108 packets of seeds,
and plants of Drosera spp.

Sydney, Botanic Gardens.—Seeds of Strelitzia spp.

Tokyo, Botanic Garden.—70 packets of seeds.

Trinidad, Department of Agriculture.—A collection of orchids.

Turin, Botanic Garden.—76 packets of seeds.

Washington, U.S. Department of Agriculture.—Seeds and plants
of economic value.

Wisley, Royal Horticultural Society’s Gardens.—Seeds and
plants, including Iris Kaempferi and a collection of Helian-
themum spp. and vars.

Private Donors :—

Rev. J. Famworth Anderson, Leicester.—Seeds of alpines.

Mr. C. H. Armbruster, Mallorca.—Plants of Cyclamen halearicum.

Mr. S. C. Atchley, Athens.—Seeds, plants and bulbs collected
in Greece.

Miss Winsome Barker, Bolus Herbarium, Kirstenbosch.—Ex¬
tensive collections of South African succulents, conns, bulbs
and seeds, including many of unusual interest.

Mr. R. Beck, Dulwich.—A collection of New Zealand fern spores.

Lady Muriel Jex-Blake, Nairobi.—Seeds collected in Kenya.

Mr. G. W. Blathwayt, Porlock.—A collection of pompom
chrysanthemums.

Mr. A. J. H. Brown, Bexhill.—A collection of Mesembryanthemums.

Dr. N. E. Brown, Kew.—A large collection of Conophytum spp.,
and other succulents.

Mr. H. Bruins-Lich, St. Helena.—A collection of ferns and
Pelargonium spp.

Mr. E. G. Bryant, Prieska, South Africa.—Plants, tubers and
seeds.

Viscountess Byng of Vimy, Thorpe, Essex.—A collection of
greenhouse plants.

Mr. E. N. Carrothers, Belfast.—Plants of Pinguicula lusitanica.

Dowager Countess Cawdor, Haslemere.—Red-berried mistletoe
growing on olive.

Mr. W. S. Chamberlain, Twickenham.—A collection of seeds
from South Africa, and plants of Primula spp.

Mr. W. Napier Church, Sandhurst.—A large collection of stove
plants and ferns.

H.R.H. Duke of Connaught, Bagshot Park.—Cuttings of Azaleas.
12

Messrs. Cooper, McDougall & Robertson, Ltd., Berkhamsted.—
A collection of seeds of Australian plants.

Mr. W. Cradwick, Mandeville, Jamaica.—A collection of ferns.

Mr. C. H. Curtis, London.—Plant of Vanda Bensoni.

Mr. J. E. Dalgliesh, Market Weighton.—A collection of Populus
spp.

The Donard Nursery Co., Newcastle, Co. Down.—Narcissus bulbs
in variety, hardy shrubs, and plants of Primula Winteri.

Messrs. C. Englemann, Saffron Walden.—A collection of border
carnations.

Prof. M. L. Femald, New Brunswick.—Plants of Sarracenia
purpurea, Xyris montana, Habenaria davellata, and seeds of
North American plants.

Mr. K. A. Fotsch, Hunibach, Switzerland.—A collection of
Begonia spp.

Mr. A. V. Giblin, Hobart.—Seeds of Tasmanian plants.

Mr. J. S. L. Gilmour, Kew.—Seeds of native plants.

Lady Godley, Gibraltar.—Bulbs of Narcissus spp., and plants of
Viola arborescens.

Dame Alice Godman, Horsham.—Plants, including Pelargonium
Stapletonii.

Mr. J. Gossweiler, Angola.—A collection of succulents.

Dr. T. Nakai, Director of the Botanic Gardens, Tokyo.—Plants
of Abeliophyllum distichum, Boniniella Ikenoi and Juniperus
taxifolia. (These were obtained through the good offices of
Mr. F. C. Greatrex, H.M. Consul, Nagasaki.)

Mr. Cecil Hanbury, La Mortola.—65 packets of seeds, plants of
Kalanchoe tubiflora and other succulents.

Mr. H. Harris, Putney.— A collection of succulents and Sela-
ginellas.

The Marquess of Headfort, Kells, Co. Meath.—Plants of Rhodo¬
dendron Taggianum , Primula muscarioides var. hirtescapa, P.
szechuanica and seeds of Fraxinus Paxiana.

Messrs. Hillier & Sons, Winchester.—Hardy trees and shrubs.

Mr. G. B. Hinton, Mexico.—A collection of orchids.

Capt. Collingwood Ingram, Benenden, Kent.—Plants, including
Delphinium Welbyi.

Hon. Robert James, Richmond, Yorks.—Bulbs of Lilium Wardii,
L. Dalhansonii and plant of Clematis Sieboldii.

Capt. H. A. Johnstone, London.—Large collections of palm seeds.

Dr. A. F. G. Kerr, Bangkok.—Seeds of Primula siamensis, etc.,
a collection of orchids and bulbs.

Mr. C. H, Lankester, Costa Rica.—A collection of orchids.

Mis. A. C. Latter, Sevenoaks.—Plant of Cycas revoluta.

Mr. H. W. Lawton, Wellington, New Zealand.—Seeds, including
Pittosporum lineare.

Lady Leconfield, Petworth Park.—Plants, including Calanthes.

The Executors of the late Mr. W. E. Ledger, Wimbledon.—A
large collection of succulents, bulbous plants and orchids.

Mr. H. Q. Levy, Jamaica.—Collections of Jamaican orchids in
variety.

Mr. J. N. List, Rangoon.—Plants of Tacca laevis .

Mr. F. R. Long, Port Elizabeth, South Africa.—Seeds and plants
of succulents.

Mr. J. W. MacGregor, Glasgow.—A collection of herbaceous
plants.

Hon. H. D. McLaren, Bodnant,N. Wales.—Plants of Primula spp.,
and plants from Dr. G. N. Humphreys’ Ruwenzori expedition!

Mr. E. L. Magnus, Gothenburg.—Plants of Disa grandiflora.

Sir John Stirling Maxwell, Pollok House, Glasgow.—A collection
of Rhododendrons.

McGregor Memorial Museum, Kimberley.—Succulents, including
Sta.fialia spp.

Mr. E. H. Mennell, King’s Lynn.—Plants collected in St. Helena.

Lt.-Col. L. C. R. Messel, Handcross.—Plants of Veronica nivea.

Rev. Rollo Meyer, Watton-at-Stone, Herts.—Bulbs of Iris
reticulata.

Mr. C. T. Musgrave, Godaiming.—Seedling Meconofisis and
plants, including Neillia longiracemosa.

Col. G. Napier, Horsham.—Bulbs of Lilium Duchartrei and L.
Martagon var. dalmaticum.

Major A. Pam, Broxboume.—Seeds and plants, including Alstroe-
meria spp., and Crinum Moorei.

Mr. J. E. M. Reid, Thornton Heath.—Seeds of Lodoicea sechel-
larum, and plant of Vanda sp.

Mr. P. Rosenheim, East Molesey.—Bulbils of Lilium spp.

Major Lionel de Rothschild, Exbury.—Seeds of hardy trees and
shrubs.

Messrs. L. R. Russell, Ltd., Richmond.—Miscellaneous stove
plants.

Hon. Mrs. E. Ryder, Beaulieu.—95 packets of seeds, plants of
Encefihalartos sp., succulents and greenhouse plants in variety,

Mr. F. S. Sandeman, Kingennie.—Plants of Primula Winteri
and collection of Primula seeds.

Messrs. Sanders, St. Albans.—Orchids, including Lifiaris filicata,
Pholidota conchoidea.

Mr. T. Sharp, Westbury.—Plants, seeds and cuttings of succulents.

Mr. J. K. Small, New York.—A collection of Iris.

Abb6 H. Souillet, Milly, France.—A collection of Lilium spp.

Major F. C. Stem, Goring-by-Sea.—146 packets of seeds collected
by Capt. Kingdon Ward; plants of Primula spp. and bulbs
of Lilium sp.

Rev. F. H. Stock, London.—A collection of orchids and green¬
house plants.

Mr. J, E. H. Stooke, Hereford.—Seeds and bulbs of Lilium spp.

Mr, G. M. Taylor, Portobello, N.B.—Seeds of Lilium occidentals
and bulbs of Lilium tigrinum var. sfilendens .

Mr. G. S. Thomas, Chobham.—A collection of alpines.

Mr. G. Thomcroft, Barberton, Transvaal.—Seeds and bulbs of
South African plants.

Messrs. W. Treseder, Ltd., Cardiff.—A collection of bedding
Dahlias.

Messrs. Vilmorin-Andrieux et Cie, Paris.—59 packets of seeds.

Mr. K. Wada, Numazu-shi, Japan.—Seeds of rare Japanese
plants.

Major F. H. Ward, Nairobi.—Seeds, and suckers of Musa sp.

Messrs. F. Gomer Waterer, Woking.—A collection of Rhodo¬
dendrons ; plant of Magnolia taliensis.

Mr. J. Cromar Watt, Aberdeen.—Seeds and plants, including
Primula Calderiana , Rubus bogotensis.

Dr. A. H. Williams, Horsham.—A collection of seeds; plants
including Carmichaelia grandiflora.

Mr. F. A. Weinthal, Roseville, N.S.W.—A collection of orchids.

Messrs. K. Yashiroda, Ltd., Kagawaken, Japan.—Seeds collected
in Formosa.

Mr. K. Zwicky, Hunibach, Switzerland.—Plant of Cereus flagelli-
formis.

Distribution of Plants and Seeds. —174 consignments com¬
prising 9791 packets of seeds (hardy trees and shrubs 3492;
herbaceous plants 6299) were distributed from Kew during the
early months of the year, an increase of 186 packets over the 1931
annual exchange distribution. The largest single consignment was
sent to the New York Botanic Garden and comprised 506 packets
of herbaceous plants and 82 of hardy trees and shrubs.

Amongst the most important seeds specially distributed were :—
Lupinus Termis, Pinus Gerardiana, Juglans cordiformis, Tectona
grandis , Ceiba pentandra, Moultonia singularis, Glycine Max , Crota -
laria juncea, Keteleeria Fortunei, Alysicarpus rugosus, Eleusine
coracana and Arundmaria Pantlingii.

Wardian cases, containing varied collections of plants, were
despatched to the following destinations overseas during the year:—

Government Gardens, Khartoum, Sudan; Department of
Agriculture, F.M.S. (2 cases) ; Public Works Department,
Pretoria, South Africa; Mr. R. H. Rumsey, Dundas, New
South Wales; Department of Agriculture, Trinidad; Munich
Botanic Garden (2 consignments).

In addition, shipments of plants were undertaken to the following
destinations:—

Mr. T. H. Everett, New York; Mr. C. H. Lankester, Costa Rica
(2 consignments); Mr. H. Q. Levy, Jamaica; Department of
Agriculture, Malta (2 consignments); Dr. R. H. Puffeine,
Adelaide, Australia.

Three large cases of ginger roots {Zingiber officinale) were
received at Kew from the Department of Agriculture, Trinidad,
and repacked and despatched to the Chief Secretary to the Govern¬
ment, Lagos, Nigeria.

Plants of a seedless variety of pomegranate were distributed
to the following, and in some cases the Air Mail postal service
was made use of in order to expedite delivery Pretoria, Salisbury
(S. Rhodesia), Khartoum, Jaffa, Cyprus and Madras.

Other recipients of plants, etc., from Kew, included the
following:—

Amsterdam, Botanic Garden.—A plant of Dicksonia arborescens.

Admiralty Compass Laboratory, Slough.—A collection of hardy
shrubs.

Aberdeen, North of Scotland College of Agriculture.—A collection
of grasses.

Alipur, Agricultural & Horticultural Society of India.—Plants
of Hedychium spp.

Berkeley, University of California.—Seeds of 35 Liliim spp. and
vars.

Canberra, Forestry Bureau.—Cuttings of Salix alba var. coerulea.

Coimbra, Botanic Gardens.—Seed of Typhonodorum Lindleyanum.

Federated Malay States, Department of Agriculture.—A collection
of economic plants.

Forestry Commission.—Hardy trees, including Populus spp., and
conifers for the National Pinetum, Bedgebury.

Glasnevin, Botanic Gardens.—A collection of plants, including
hardy trees and shrubs.

Hakgala, Botanic Gardens, Ceylon.—A collection of Nymphaeas.

John Innes Horticultural Institution, Merton.—Alpines and a
large collection of shrubs and greenhouse plants.

Jericho, Government Horticultural Station.—Suckers of Musas.

Louvain, Secretariat General Boerenbond Beige.—A collection
of genera representative of the family Marantaceae.

London, Hyde Park.—Herbaceous plants.

Malta, Department of Agriculture.—A collection of economic
plants and Selaginellas.

Munich, Botanic Garden.—Miscellaneous collections of plants,
including herbaceous and alpines.

Middlesex County Council (Roads Department).—Cuttings of
hardy shrubs.

Nigeria, Department of Agriculture.—Seeds of Phaseolus spp.

Oxford, Imperial Forestry Institute.—Plants of Davidia Vil-
moriniana.

Oxford, Botanic Garden.—Plants of Primula floribunda.

Pretoria, Department of Agriculture, Division of Plant Industry.—
A collection of seeds of Sorghum spp. and varieties for trial.

Queensland Forestry Service, Brisbane.—Cuttings of Salix spp.

Rotterdam, Botanic & Zoological Gardens.—Seeds of Victoria
regia.

Rostock, Botanic Gardens, Germany.—Plants, including Lagaro-
siphon muscoides.

Richmond Park.—Hardy shrubs.

Sydney, Botanic Gardens.—Seeds of Cupressus spp.

Seychelles, Department of Agriculture.—Seeds of Attalea. cohum .

Trinidad, Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture.—Seeds and
plants of Musas.

Trinidad, Department of Agriculture.—A collection of Piper
nigrum vars.

Timaru, Parks Department, New Zealand.—A collection of seeds
of trees and shrubs and of Kniphofia spp.

U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington.—Seeds of Phoenix
reclinata.

Wisley, Royal Horticultural Society’s Gardens.—A large collection
of hard-wooded greenhouse and herbaceous plants.

Mr. H. Allander, Stockholm.—Seeds of European species of Rubus.

Mrs. M. C. Allison, Kakamega, Kenya.—A small collection of
tulips.

Mr. H. F. Buxton, Durness by Lairg, N.B.—Rhododendrons for
trial on magnesian limestone.

Dr. F. Boergesen, Copenhagen.—Hardy herbaceous plants.

Mr. G. W. Blathwayt, Porlock.—Plants and cuttings, including
a collection of Pelargoniums .

Miss C. Buisman, Baam, Holland.—Grafts of Ulmus spp.

Lt.-Col. F. R. S. Balfour, Dawyck.—Hybrid poplars and hardy
trees and shrubs.

Hon. Lady Alicia Cecil, Poole.—Plants of Enkianthus spp. and
Acer pentapomicum.

H.R.H. Duke of Connaught, Bagshot.—Plants of Aescitlus indica
and Wistaria multijuga var. alba.

Col. Stephenson Clarke, Haywards Heath.—Plant of Taxus
adpressa var. aurea.

Mr. W. S. Chamberlain, Twickenham.—Plants, including Meco-
nopsis grandis.

Messrs. Dobbie & Co., Ltd., Edinburgh.—Seeds, including Lilium
spp.

Dartington Hall, Gardens Department, Totnes.—Grafts, plants
and cuttings of hardy trees and shrubs.

Donard Nursery Co., Newcastle, Co. Down.—A collection of
seedling Acer spp.

Lady Thiselton-Dyer, Bere Alston.—A collection of trees and
shrubs.

Messrs. C. Engelmann, Saffron Walden.—A collection of Semper-
vivums.

Mr. T. H. Everett, New York.—A collection of stove and green¬
house plants.

Mr. G. A. Frick, Los Angeles.—Plants and cuttings of Euphorbia
spp.

Mr. K. A. Fotsch, Hunibach, Switzerland.—Plants of Begonia
spp.

Mr. S. H. Griffin, Famham.—Seeds of succulents.

Dr. P. L. Giuseppi, Felixstowe.—A collection of alpines.

Capt. R. H. Griffin, Merchant Seamen’s Institution, Belvedere.—
A large collection of trees and shrubs.

Dame Alice Godman, Horsham.—Plants and seeds, including
Kniphofia Galpini and Meconopsis nepalensis.

Mr. B. Hurst, Prince Edward Island.—A collection of Hedera
Helix vars.

Lt.-Col. H. B. Holt, Military Headquarters, Burao, British
Somaliland.—Seeds and plants of Mesembryanthemum edule,
M. deltoides and M. validum, for growing as sand-binding plants
(presented by Major A. Dorrien-Smith from Tresco Abbey).

Messrs. Hillier & Sons, Winchester.—Hardy trees and shrubs.

Marquess of Headfort, Kells, Co. Meath.—A collection of hardy
trees and shrubs.

Dr. W. A. Harrison, Bumie, Tasmania.—Buds of Glycyrrhiza
glabra.

Sir Arthur Hort, Andover.— Pelargonium spp., and alpines.

Capt. Collingwood Ingram, Benenden, Kent.—Plants of Rhodo¬
dendron burlutescens.

H.M. The King, Windsor & Sandringham.—Plants of Aesculus
indica.

Mr. B. H. Keall, Chelmsford.—A collection of fern spores.

Mr. H. Q. Levy, Jamaica.—A collection of orchids.

Sir William Lawrence, Dorking.—Hardy trees and shrubs.

Mr. C. H. Lankester, Surbiton.—Herbaceous plants ; a collection
of orchids and succulents.

Messrs. W. J. Marchant, Wimbome.—Trees and shrubs.

Earl of Malmesbury, Christchurch.—Plants of Ixora spp.

Mr. E. R. Magnus, Gothenburg.—Plants of Disa tripetaloides
and D. Luna.

Sir F. W. Moore, Rathfamham, Dublin.—Rhododendrons.

Major Sir George Manners, Woodbridge.—A collection of conifers.

Hon. H. D. McLaren, Bodnant, N. Wales.—Greenhouse plants
and Primula Dickieana.

Sir F. A. Newdegate, Nuneaton,—Plants of Dianella tasmanica ,
Libertia pulchella, etc.

Col. G. Napier, Horeham Road, Sussex.—A collection of Lilium
seeds.

Mr. N. S. Pillans, Rosebank, Cape Province.—A collection of
Lilium seeds.

Dr. R. H. Pulleine, Adelaide.—A collection of Euphorbias.

Mrs. N. E. Parry, Newton Abbot.—Plants raised from seeds
collected in the Lushai Hills, Assam.

Major A. Pam, Broxboume.—A collection of trees and shrubs,
and tubers of Gloxinia maculata.

Mr. R. H. Rumsey, Dundas, New South Wales.—A miscellaneous
collection of plants in wardian case, including Hoy a spp.

Messrs. L. R. Russell, Ltd., Richmond.—A collection of Nepenthes ,
and stove plants.

Major L. de Rothschild, Exbury.—Plants, including Cladrastis
Wilsonii, and Cytisus BaUandieri.

Hon. Mrs. E. Ryder, Beaulieu.—Succulents, bulbs and seeds of
Liliums, and greenhouse plants.

Royal Army Veterinary Corps, Woolwich.—Hardy trees.

Major F. C. Stem, Goring-by-Sea.—Plants, including Hebe spp.,
Kniphofia Northiae, and seeds of Lilium spp.

Mr. J. E. H. Stooke, Hereford.—Seeds of Nomocharis spp. and
Lilium spp.

Mr. J. L. Smith, Sydney.—Cuttings of Populus tremnla.

Mr. J. B. Stevenson, Ascot.—Plants of Acer pentapomicum.

Major F. J. Stayner, Bath,—A collection of Mesembryanthemums,
alpines, hardy trees and shrubs.

Messrs. Sutton & Sons, Slough.—Hardy plants, including Meco-
nopsis regia, and M. grandis.

Mr. A. Scott, Carluke, N.B.—A collection of Fragaria spp.

Messrs. W. C. Slocock, Woking.—Grafts and cuttings of hardy
trees and shrubs.

Mr. Rees Thomas, Port Talbot, S. Wales.—Herbaceous plants
and seedling Rhododendrons.

Mr. R. D. Trotter, Oakley.—Plants, including Stewartia koreana.

Prof. A. G. Tansley, Oxford.—Plants of Hevea brasiliensis.

Underground Railways, London.—Seeds and cuttings of hardy
trees and shrubs.

Sir O. Warburg, Epsom.—Hardy trees and shrubs.

Messrs. F. Gomer Waterer, Woking.—Grafts and cuttings of
hardy trees and shrubs.

Mr. E. H. Wilding, Stoke Poges.—Plants, including Cornus
Kousa var. chinensis.

Mr. J. Cromar Watt, Aberdeen.—Hardy plants, including Camellias
in variety.

Mr. J. C. Williams, Caerhays.—Plants of Erica Pageana.

Mr. C. R. Wadman, London.—Alpines.

Messrs. R. Wallace & Co., Ltd., Tunbridge Wells.—Plants and
grafts of hardy trees and shrubs.

Mr. J. J. M. van Zyl, Ladysmith.—Seeds of British trees.

Messrs. K. Yashiroda, Ltd., Japan.—A collection of conifers.

Mr. K. Zwicky, Hunibach, Switzerland.—Seeds of Primula spp.

National Pinetum at Bedgebury.

Most of the trees continue to make satisfactory progress
and many are growing very rapidly. Some losses occurred during
the year owing to attacks by fungus diseases and insect pests, and
several trees that had been injured by the severe spring frosts of
1926, ’27 and ’28, and that showed no signs of recovery, were destroyed
and replaced. On the other hand several young trees that had lived
after severe freezing in those years, but had remained in a stunted
condition, formed short, erect, vigorous shoots from dormant stem

buds and now appear as though they may resume the normal rate of
growth. It is also satisfactory to find that grafted plants of Abies
nobilis var. glauca, which from 1925 gave little evidence of forming
good leading shoots, have at last responded to branch pruning and
formed good erect leaders, in one instance 18 inches long.

A little browning from the effects of late frost occurred on early
shoots, but generally growth was late and little harm was done.
The ill effects of a mild winter temperature are very apparent in the
case oiLarix sibirica. In December, 1931, growth buds were bursting
and the shoots were quite green by the middle of January. Later
on, both young shoots and leaves were badly cut by cold winds, and,
as the same thing has happened over a succession of years, the trees
are poorly developed when compared with other species of similar
age.

March was a trying month, for very cold winds accompanied by
frost were experienced throughout several successive days. The
foliage of several species oiPinus was injured; one young tree ofP.
patula was killed outright, and young shoots of that species, and of
P. canbaea, were seriously injured. In one place a specimen of
Sequoia sempervirens 50 years old and 60 or 70 feet high was browned
from bottom to top as though it had been scorched by fire.

Thermometers have been installed in four different parts of the
Pinetum and daily records are kept in accordance with work in that
direction carried out by the Forestry Commission. Although the
Pinetum is only 50 acres in extent it has already been found that
the temperature in different parts may vary as much as 4 degrees on
cold nights and warm days.

Green spruce aphis ( Aphis abietina) has been very troublesome
for several years and it bred on numerous species of Picea throughout
the winter of 1931-32, being particularly prominent from January to
April. Soon after the hot, dry weather began in June it was noticed
that the pest was less in evidence and by the middle of July it had
practically disappeared. A few were seen in November, but many
less than in previous years. Dreyfusia is still present on various
Abies but its spread appears to have been checked by spraying.
Outbreaks of minor insect pests have been noticed, but by prompt
attention to spraying and other means of destruction they have not
made serious headway. The larvae of the moth Dichomeris
margineUa, reported last year as attacking various kinds of juniper,
have again been active, but in smaller numbers, whilst injury by the
larch shoot moth has again decreased.

Fungus diseases have become more serious, particularly the honey
fungus, Armillaria mellea, and several well developed young trees
have died after infestation. The wet, mild autumn weather was
peculiarly favourable for the spread of this disease, which was known
to be present on the old pine butts and roots, and fructifications were
found in all directions. It is more than probable that losses will be
experienced from this disease for many years. For the first time

larch canker, Dasyscypha calycina, was found on the young larch
trees, the Silesian form of common larch being the chief sufferer.
The attack so far is not of a serious nature and appears to be con¬
fined to a few branches. As a larch wood badly infested by this
fungus is situated a few hundred yards away, young trees can hardly
escape altogether.

Undergrowth was particularly vigorous and an effective effort
was made to clear the ground of bracken and grass during early
autumn in order to reduce the possibility of damage by fire. As the
bracken appears to be increasing in vigour, an attempt to kill some
of it by beating down the young undeveloped leaves is to be made
next spring. A good deal of dead wood has been removed from old
trees and dead butts are being cleared from avenues as time allows.
Overgrown plants of Rhododendron ponticum have also been cut back.
Box drains made of rough oak planks have been laid in the ditches
where they cross avenues, and the unequal ground level in such
places is gradually being built up by rotting grass and other vegeta¬
tion.

A start has been made in removing some of the lower branches
from the larches, the vigorous growing pines, and from other trees,
the idea being gradually to remove the branches while small until
the desired height of clear trunk has been attained, rather than to
leave all the lower branches to develop until they have attained a
considerable size, as is often done with coniferous trees planted for
decorative purposes.

Numerous conifers were taken to Bedgebury from Kew in the
autumn and about 70 plants were purchased as additions or replace¬
ments. A number of water-lilies from Kew were planted in
Marshall’s Lake in April; they flowered well during the summer and
were much admired by visitors. Two lorry loads of large Rhodo¬
dendrons -were sent from Kew in November and it is hoped to send
some more in the spring. An effort is being made to build up a
collection of Rhododendrons in place of weedy undergrowth, and
gifts of the more vigorous species will be welcomed from anyone
who may be overstocked with such plants.

Numerous persons interested in conifers have been given facilities
for inspecting the collection during the year. A party of Student
Gardeners was taken from Kew in April in connection with the
course of lectures on arboriculture, and some 40 members of the
Royal English Forestry Society visited the Pinetum in June. The
general opinion of those who have paid visits seems to be that the
Pinetum and adjacent forest plots are developing into an important
educational area for students of horticulture and forestry.

It is with great regret that the death, in November, of Mr. H. A.
Pritchard, O.B.E., Assistant Commissioner for England and Wales,
under the Forestry Commission, has to be recorded. Mr. Pritchard
had been a member of the committee responsible for the formation
and upkeep of the Pinetum and Forest Plots since its earliest days.

and had a great deal to do with the early negotiations and arrange¬
ments. His keen interest in the development and progress of the
Pinetnm and his active assistance at all times will be greatly missed
by his colleagues.

The Museums.

As in past years the work in the Museums has been very largely
concerned with answering questions of visitors and correspondents
regarding the economic products of plants and the identification of
specimens, and with assisting persons who have made prolonged
visits for the studying of special subjects. Questions connected with
essential oil plants and the possibility of their successful cultivation
in various Colonies have been very numerous, and many requests
have been made for suggestions as to crops that might be used to
replace or supplement others that could not under present conditions
be matured and marketed at a price that ensured a reasonable
financial return to the producer.

Such crops are difficult to find, for it is very easy to spoil a
moderately lucrative market by a little over-production. Further, a
good deal of experimental work may be necessary with crops new to a
country before an attempt at their cultivation on an extensive
commercial scale is warranted, and farmers are usually on the look-out
for something that will yield an easily grown, paying crop within a
few months from the time of sowing.

Numerous specimens have been dried and added to the
Arboretum Herbarium, and pressure on space has been relieved by
additional presses and rearrangement. Good progress has been
made in the preparation of a collection of dried branch specimens of
conifers, with cones, to send to Bedgebury at some future time.

Museum No. 3, Colonial Timbers, has been redecorated through¬
out. The redecoration of such a building involves a good deal of
work, for all the lighter specimens and many of the heavier planks
have to be moved. The opportunity was taken of making such
rearrangements as were necessary and of replacing some of the poorer
specimens. Exhibits representing various Colonies are gradually
being renewed and the Tasmanian government is at present con¬
sidering the replacement of those Tasmanian timbers that have
deteriorated with age. By permission of the Director a collection of
lily bulbs has been prepared in preservative liquid for purposes of
comparison at the Lily Conference to be held under the auspices of
the Royal Horticultural Society in 1933.

During the year Mr. J. H. Holland contributed articles to
the Bulletin on Ledger Bark and Red Bark, and on " Oiticica ”
{Licania rigida). Mr. J. H. Turner carried out research into the
longevity of seeds, and a review of the subject will shortly he pub¬
lished in the Bulletin. In several instances certain leg umin ous seeds
were found to be viable after storage in museum jars for from 60 to
90 years.

The Keeper attended the annual meeting of the Association
of Superintendents of Parks and Curators of Botanic Gardens, held
at Liverpool in July, as the representative of the Ministry of Agri¬
culture and Fisheries. By invitation of the Association he gave an
address on problems connected with trees planted along the sides of
streets and roads. He also attended the annual meetings of the
Museums Association at Birmingham and the Council for the
Preservation of Rural England at Norwich. He has continued to act
as Executive Officer for the Pinetum at Bedgebury.

During the year a large number of photographs and lantern
slides, mainly of tropical agricultural crops, was acquired by the
Bentham Trustees from Dr. C. A. Barber of Cambridge; many of
these have been incorporated with slides already at Kew, and the
remainder have been prepared for distribution to other institutions.

Presentations to Museums. —Mr. T. Hedley Barry, 84,
Fetter Lane, E.C.4.—Collection of hard resins and copals used in
the preparation of his book “ Natural Varnish Resins ” (1932).

Mr. H. Bruins-Lich, Trinidad.—Sample of Coffee grown in St.
Helena.

Mr. A. A. Cavanagh, Liebig’s Yerba Mat6 Plantation, Playadito,
Corrientes, Argentine Republic.—Sample of Paraguay Tea.

Miss L. E. Cheesman, 63, Longridge Road, SAV.5.—Specimen of
wood of Santalum austro-caledonicum.

Dr. L. Cockayne, C.M.G., F.R.S., Wellington, New Zealand.—
Ten lantern slides showing different types of vegetation in New
Zealand.

Mr. C. T. Collinson, 35, West Cromwell Road, S.W.5.—Two
photographs of Welwitschia mirabilis.

Mr. E. Fleming, 1006, Government Street, Victoria, B.C.—
Photograph of Cornus NuttalUi.

The Forestal Land, Timber and Railways Company, Ltd., 15,
St. Helen’s Place, E.C.3.—Fifty named specimens of Argentine
woods.

Mr. J. C. F. Fryer, Pathological Laboratory, Harpenden.—Seeds
of Chrysanthemum cinerariaefoUum from plants raised from Japanese
and Swiss seeds.

Dr. Alfred Hay, bequeathed by the late, per The Chartered Bank
of India, Australia and China.—Collection of wood specimens and
drawings of plants.

Dr. T. A. Henry, The Wellcome Chemical Research Laboratories,
183-193, Euston Road, N.W.x.—Sample of oil and seeds of Oncoha
spinosa .

Miss M. S. Johnston, 276, Kew Road, Kew.—Wooden figure of
Boatman, Xlth Dynasty, from the Museum, Cairo; spoon made of
sycamore, ash tray and carved dog manufactured in England; also
a specimen of old Tunbridge ware.

Messrs. Wm. Marshall & Son, Ltd., 317, Holloway Road, N.7.—
Plank of Zelkova cremta from a tree grown near Staines.

Pernambuco, H. M. Consul.—Fruits, leafy branches and un¬
opened flowers of “ Oiticica ” (Licania rigida).

Sir David Prain, The Well Farm, Warlingham.—Photographs of
Pinus contorta var. latifolia.

Princes Risborough, Forest Products Research Laboratory.—
Collection of 38 hand specimens of wood, and 7 boards of Empire
timbers.

The Conservator of Forests, Utilization Circle, Ahlone, Burma.—
420 hand specimens of Burmese woods.

Mr. H. N. Ridley, 7, Cumberland Road, Kew.—Walking sticks
of Randia densiflom, Arenga saccharifera and Diospyros macrophylla.

Jodrell Laboratory.

The routine work of the laboratory has been mainly concerned
with the examination of miscellaneous material, consisting chiefly
of timbers, fibres, barks and seeds, with a view to identification
from a study of the anatomy.

The collection of microscopical slides of wood-sections, seeds, etc.,
the formation of which was described in last year's report, has grown
steadily. The new slides, most of which have been prepared for
comparison with material received for identification, are from a wide
range of families. Exchange of slides has been effected with the
Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford, over 150 slides having been
received during the year. These exchanges are of great value, since,
in addition to increasing the size and therefore the utility of the
collections, they sometimes lead to the discovery of wood-specimens
in our collections whose identity has been previously incorrectly
determined.

The investigation of the structure and taxonomy of some little-
known scented woods from the East, mentioned in last year’s report,
has been concluded, and an illustrated account is published in Kew
Bulletin, 1933, 3.

At the suggestion of the Director, the anatomy of the phyllode-
bearing species Oxalis Herrerae R. Knuth and 0 . bupleurijolia St. Hil .
was studied. The material of 0 . Herrerae was kindly supplied by the
Director, who had collected it some years ago in Peru. An account
of this work is to be published shortly in the “ Annals of Botany.”

In collaboration with Dr. Sprague the anatomy of the leaves and
axis of the genera Barnhartia and Diclidanthera and of certain
Polygalaceae was studied in order to determine whether the structure
confirmed Dr. Sprague’s suggestion, based on gross morphological
features, that the Diclidantheraceae and Polygalaceae are closely
related to one another. Evidence which favours this suggestion
was found.

In connection with the experimental work at Potteme under the
direction of Mr. Marsden-Jones and Dr. Turrill, it has been decided
that a study of the anatomy of Centaurea, carried out at the same
time as the genetical and transplant experiments on that genus,

would yield useful results. A start has been made with this work,
attention having been directed especially to the nature of the hairy
covering of the basal leaves of plants grown on different types of soil
at Potteme. It is hoped that this work may be extended in the
spring when further fresh material will be available for study.

The most constant visitor this year has been Mr. L. A. Boodle,
the late Assistant Keeper of the laboratory. Most of his time has
been spent in identifying collections of material made by excavators
in the Egyptian tombs. In addition, his wide knowledge of botanical
literature and of plant anatomy has been of the greatest assistance
in dealing with difficult material received for identification.

The following visitors have also worked at the laboratory during
the year:—

Mr. D. V. Daran. Mycology.

Mr. R. N. Aldrich-Blake. Seed germination, and anatomy of
root nodules of Casuarina.

Mr. G. B. E. Hasselberg. Fixing material for anatomical work.

Mr. H. T. Holland. Food and Drugs.

Mr. E. R. Goodliffe. Elementary Anatomy, etc.

Miss C. L. Perry. Anatomical preparations with the wood¬
cutting microtome.

The Herbarium.

The outstanding event of 1932 was the completion and opening
of the new wing (see Annual Review, 1931, 28). The heating
apparatus and electric wiring were completed early in the year and
the furniture was delivered during the summer months. The
furniture, including stools, tables, large presses and specimen
cabinets, is made of steel, the first three being covered with rubber
and painted dark green.

The new wing (Wing A) was ready for occupation by the autumn
of 1932, and the transference into it of part of the collections and the
redistribution of the remainder in the two old wings was carried out
without mishap, under the general supervision of the Deputy Keeper,
with the aid of labour supplied by H.M. Office of Works. In order
to avoid risk of damage or misplacement of material, the work of
taking out and putting away the specimens was undertaken by
members of the botanical staff. The specimens were conveyed in
special containers, which were wheeled to their destination on
narrow-gauge trolleys with quietness and admirable celerity. The
actual removal of herbarium specimens was completed within six
weeks (October-November), but the preparation of new covers and
the re-labelling of cabinets will occupy some months.

The total number of shelves-full of herbarium specimens moved
was about 36,000, representing over 2,000,000 sheets. These were
redistributed among the 50,000 shelves now available in the three
wings, space for expansion being left at the top of each vertical row
of shelves, at the outside end of each block of cabinets, and at
both ends of each floor. The carpological collections are being

placed in the outside row of shelves in each block, adjacent
to the corresponding herbarium material. The collection of
drawings, which is being remounted on herbarium sheets of standard
size, will be placed in cabinets on the same floors as the corresponding
specimens, thus facilitating comparison.

The system of Bentham and Hooker has been retained for the
general arrangement of the collections. Wing A (the new west wing)
contains the Dicotyledons from Ranunculaceae to Compositae
{Zoegea ) inclusive. Wing B (south or centre wing) contains the
remainder of the Dicotyledons from Compositae (i Centaurea ,
including Leuzea) onwards, the Gymnosperms and the Orchids.
Wing C (east or old wing) contains the remaining Monocotyledons,
the Cryptogams, and the Ecological and Genetical herbaria. For
convenience of reference the blocks of cabinets have been numbered
consecutively throughout the three wings.

The additional space now available has made it possible to
incorporate a large accumulation of specimens which had been kept
in store owing to the congested state of the herbarium.

Europe, North Africa, and the Orient.

Owing to the very large increase of new collections little was
accomplished during the year towards the incorporation of material
from the stores. Over 10,000 sheets were mounted and poisoned and
the majority laid in, but these were mainly specimens received
during the current and past two or three years. Over 8,500
specimens have been received for identification in addition to over
2,500 others which were sent named.

The following genera, amongst others, have been “ written up ”
according to recent monographs or standard lists or floras:—
Linum, Matthiola, Iberis, Glaucium, Senecio, Pulmonaria, and
Rhamnus. The Rev. H. J. Riddelsdell kindly revised critically
the Rubi from Leicestershire, Devon, and Sussex, and Dr. K.
Rechinger determined a considerable part of the genus Rumex.

Many members of the Staff have again contributed specimens
which have helped to fill the gaps in our series of British plants ; in
addition the following have also presented material: Mr. B. G. C.
Bolland (Devon), Mr. A. K. Jackson, a valuable set of 266 plants from
Alderney (supplementing collections previously received from Sark
and Jersey), Mr. J. R. Sealy, Mr. A. W. Trethewy (Rutland), Mr. E.
Thurston (Cornwall), Mr. C. H. Wright (Devon), CoL H. H. Johnston
(Orkney), Miss M. E. Edmonds (Rutland, etc.), Mr. P. M. Hall
(various), Mr. E. M. Marsden-Jones (Wiltshire), and Mrs. C. Sandwith
(various). The Continental collections were enriched by specimens
received from Sir Oscar Warburg (< Cistus ), the Royal Horticultural
Society per Dr. 0 . Stapf (cultivated plants), Mr. J. W. Wyatt
(Austria and Switzerland), Mrs. E. W. Moore Kennedy (Balearic
Islands) and Dr. H. Lindberg (Spain).

A set of all the known species of Aegilops, prepared from the
collection which is in cultivation at Reading University, was pre¬
sented by Professor John Percival.

From the Balkan Peninsula valuable collections have again been
received and the recent additions are proving of great use in supple¬
menting the fairly complete sets of many of the older collections.
Dr. K. Maly continued to send in exchange plants from Bosnia and
Prof. N. Stoyanoff from Bulgaria. Mr. S. C. Atchley continued his
most valuable donations {nearly 700 numbers during the year) from
Crete and Greece and Mr. H. G. Tedd from Western Thrace. Mr. H.
G. Chick sent two collections from Greek Macedonia and one from
the Athos Peninsula. Dr. G. Samuelsson presented a set of well-
dried plants from Greece. The Rev. and Mrs. H. P. Thompson sent
a collection of 250 sheets collected by them in Montenegro, Novi
Pazar, and Bosnia. Another valuable contribution consisted of

I, 350 sheets, being the Kew share of a collection made during a visit
by Messrs. A. H. G. Alston and N. Y. Sandwith to Greek Macedonia.

In addition the following collections were received from various
parts of Europe: Presented : Andropogoneae by the Botanical
Garden of the U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Leningrad; Czecho¬
slovakia, by Dr. K. Domin, Flora Czechoslovenica Exsiccata,
Century iii, and by Dr. J. Podp&ra, Flora Exsiccata Reipublicae
Bohemicae Slovenicae, Century VII. Purchased : Mr. P. Aellen,
Swiss plants ; Mr. J. Wagner, Tiliae exsiccatae criticae, Fascicle ii,
numbers 51-100.

From the Orient sixteen large consignments of plants collected
by Mr. E. R. Guest in Iraq have been received. These consisted of a
sufficient number of well-dried specimens to make a number of
duplicate sets for exchange. The collection, which is being
continued, contains several new species and much critical material.
The late Dr. G. C. Druce presented a set of plants from Cyprus.
Collections from Palestine have added to the value of our
material from this country and include Flora Palaestinae
Exsiccata, Century ii, presented by the Hebrew University,
Jerusalem, specimens for identification from the Independent
Biological Laboratories, Tel Aviv, and Hauran plants collected by

J. E. Dinsmore purchased from Fr. Vester & Co. Further specimens
collected by Haradjian in Syria, completing the set purchased in
1913, were received from the Conservatoire et Jardin Botaniques,
Geneva. Fascicles ix-xii of Herbarium Florae Caucasicae were
presented by the Botanical Garden of the U.S.S.R. Academy of
Sciences, Leningrad. Dr. P. L. Giuseppi and Mr. E. K. Balls explored
little-known parts of Persia and presented useful collections for
identification. A set of Anatolian plants was purchased from
Prof. J. Bommuller, and 350 sheets have been received from the
Egyptian Ministry of Agriculture for identification.

From North Africa, Dr. H. Lindberg presented an excellent set of
plants collected by him in Morocco, and a series of Algerian and
Moroccan plants was purchased from M. A. Faure.

Research and Publications. —On the Flora of the Nearer East:
XI-XIII (K.B. 1932,193, 248, 450).

Two plants new to the Bulgarian Flora (Bull. Soc. Bot. Bulg. v.
78 : 1932).

Variation in Anemone nemorosa (Joum. Bot. December, 1932).

Asia.

China and Northern Asia. —In addition to the large amount of
critical garden material which has been named, several extensive
collections have been identified. The most important of these were
the Gentians collected by Mr. J. F. Rock on his last two expeditions
to Asia, received for critical study from the U.S. National Museum,
Washington ; the Gentians collected by Mr. Y. Tsiang in Kweichow,
received from the Metropolitan Museum of Natural History, Nanking
in 1931, and those collected by the Rev. H. French Ridley in Chinese
Turkestan. The authorities of the British Museum (Natural History)
kindly sent on loan specimens of Gentiana collected in Nepal by Capt.
Lall Dhwoj, from which a new species was described.

The following collections were also received :—

Presented : by the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University (coll.
C. Y. Chiao and J. F. Rock), the Fan Memorial Biological Institute,
Peiping (. Dioscorea ), the Metropolitan Museum of Natural History,
Nanking (coll. Y. Tsiang), and by Mr. R. H. Mobbs.

Purchased : Mr. W. J. Eyerdam, Kamchatka plants.

Research and Publications. — A critical study has been made of
all the material of the genus Cyananthus which has been brought to
this country since the publication of the “ Revision of the genus
Cyananthus ” ( K.B. 1924, 241), and the results of this investigation
will appear in a further paper on this genus.

The Chinese and Himalayan Gentians in Cultivation (Joum.
Roy. Hort. Soc. lvii. 188 : 1932).

A Revision of the genus Leycesteria (KJB. 1932,161),

On the Identity of Aconitum acaule Diels (K.B. 1932, 241).

Indo-Malaya. —Considerable progress was made with laying in
the accumulations in the store of the specimens from the Malay
Archipelago and the Philippine Islands referred to in last year’s
report. The additions of the year which have been determined
have also been incorporated in the Herbarium.

Numerous collections were received from the Botanic Gardens at
Singapore and Buitenzorg, and from the Forest Department, British
North Borneo, and a set of plants collected by Mr. P. Richards, who
accompanied the Oxford University Expedition to Sarawak, was
presented. Smaller collections were presented by the Imperial
Forest Botanist, Debra Dun; Professor E. Barnes, of the Christian
College, Madras; Col. C. H. Stockley and Mr. B. 0 . Coventry from
K ashmir; the Rev. W. J. L. Wenger from the South Lushai Hills
of Assam; and Mr, P, V. Mayuranathan, Botanical Assis tant to the
Superintendent of the Government Museum, Madras. Professor

Barnes’ specimens from the Nilgiri Hills are exceptionally good, being
accompanied by valuable notes.

Several small collections were identified for correspondents in
North and South India and some progress was made in determining
the collections made in North East Assam by Capt. Kingdon Ward
and in the Garo Hills by Mrs. N. E. Parry, the former yielding three
new species, and the latter one new species and one new variety.

Sheets of South Indian grasses, kindly lent by the Cambridge
University Herbarium, the Botanical Gardens, Breslau, and the
Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, in connection with the prepara¬
tion of the Flora of the Presidency of Madras, were received and are
proving most useful.

Miss M. M. Whiting has again given valuable help in subdividing
the material in the Indo-Malayan region and in rearranging the
species at the same time, in conformity with recent work. She has,
moreover, written up the sheets of Malayan Dipterocarpaceae in
accordance with Foxworthy's recent monograph of this group.

The following collections were also received :—

India. — Presented : Burma, by Dr. A. F. G. Kerr and Mr. C. E.

Parkinson; Kashmir, by Prof. R. R. Stewart; United Provinces,

by Mr. P. Maheshwari ; Waziristan, by the Rev. E. Blatter.
Malay Peninsula. — Pres&nted : by the Forest Research Institute,

Kepong, and by Dr. A. F. G. Kerr.

Indo-China. — Presented : Laos, by Dr. A. F. G. Kerr; Siam, by

Mrs. D. J. Collins, Mr. H. B. Garrett and Dr. A. F. G. Kerr

(coll. A. F. G. Kerr, Noi Put and M. C. Lakshnakara).

Philippine Islands.— Purchased : Mr. C. A. Wenzel.

Research and Publications. —The Koenig Collection in the Lund
Herbarium (K.B. 1932, 49).

Contributions to the Flora of Burma : X {K.B. 1932,103).

Contributions to the Flora of Siam, by W. G. Craib, Additamenta
XXXIII-XXXVII {K.B. 1932, 137, 276, 330, 425 and 487).

Contributions towards a Flora of British North Borneo : I
and II {K.B. 1932, 176 and 292).

Plants new to Assam : IV and V [K.B. 1932,198 and 248).

New or little-known Plants from South India: I {K.B. 1932,
245)-

Two New Species of Dentella {K.B. 1932, 289).

The genus Mariscopsis {K.B. 1932, 457).

Africa.

There was no diminution in the amount of material received for
identification, over 10,000 specimens being received from Tropical
Africa alone during the course of the year. The bulk of this was
from East Tropical Africa. It was quite impossible to deal promptly
with such a large amount of material with the staff available, and it is
regretted that the work of identification is considerably behindhand.

About 11,000 tropical and South African plants have been mounted
during the year.

With regard to the African Floras in course of publication,
the MS. of Part vi. of Vol, ix. of the Flora of Tropical Africa
(Gramineae) has been completed, and includes the important genus
Pennisetum.

The MS. of the last part of the Flora of West Tropical Africa
(Monocotyledons) has been prepared, leaving the Orchidaceae and
Gramineae to be completed. Considerable difficulty has been
experienced in the elaboration of the Palmae owing to insufficient
material, and specimens with field notes and photographs are much
needed to complete the Kew collections. Dr. J. M. Dalziel continued
to give his valuable help in preparing the Appendix to this Flora
which deals with economic plants and vernacular names. It is
gratifying to learn that the first three Parts of the Flora are in
constant use by the French botanists when studying the plants in
French West Africa.

The elaboration of the Cycads having been completed, the MS.
of a Supplement to the Flora Capensis containing an account of all
South African Gymnosperms has been sent to the press.

The second part of Dr. J. Burtt Davy’s “ Flora of the Transvaal
and Swaziland ” (Malvaceae to Umbelliferae) was published in July,
much of the work entailed having been carried out at Kew over a
period of many years. This part should be welcomed by South
African botanists, particularly for the account of the Leguminosae,
which occupies about one-third of the whole.

West Tropical Africa— Owing, no doubt, to the publication
of the third part of the Flora of West Tropical Africa, which con¬
cludes the account of the Dicotyledons and enables botanists in West
Africa to name their own collections, only about 1,000 specimens
were received from the West African Colonies. These consisted
mainly of critical Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons, as botanists
have kindly helped by sending material of the latter in order to
assist in the working out of that group for the last part of the Flora.
From Sierra Leone Messrs. F. C. Deighton and J. W. D. Fisher of the
Department of Agriculture have been the chief contributors. Gold
Coast plants have been received from Dr. F. R. Irvine and from
Messrs. T. Lloyd Williams and W. C. Fishlock of the Department of
Agriculture. Nigerian plants collected by Messrs. F. D. Golding,
L. H. Saunders (grasses), and C. B. Taylor (grasses) have been
received from the Agricultural Department, and by Messrs. J. D.
Kennedy, W. D. MacGregor. and A. F. Ross from the Forestry
Department. Miscellaneous specimens have been presented by Dr,
J. Burtt Davy of the Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford.

Cameroons and Congo. —The poor representation of the Congo
flora has been somewhat remedied by the acquisition of further fine
collections of Compositae communicated by the Director of the Congo
Museum, Tervueren, Belgium. Amongst them were several

novelties, descriptions of which have been published in the Rev.
Zool. Bot. Afr. xxiii. 36-42 (1932). Professor W. Robyns presented
in exchange about 350 duplicates and an interesting series of
Sorghums, and Mr. P. T. L. Putman of Avakubi sent a small
collection for naming. A mixed collection, including several new
species of Mosses, from the Cameroons Mountain was received from
Miss M. Steele.

North-East Tropical Africa. —Major G. Aylmer presented a
collection from Erkawit and a series of over 200 specimens was
named for Mr. A. P. G. Michelmore and Mr. F. W. Andrews,
gathered in connection with their researches on the locust problem
in the Sudan. Three small but very interesting collections were
received from Miss M. Steele (Gebel Marra), Mrs. D. Macintosh, from
the Wau district in the Bahr el Ghazal Province, and from Capt. B.
Godfrey-Faussett, from the Western border of Somaliland while
engaged on the British Somaliland-Ethiopia Boundary Commission.

East Tropical Africa. —Members of the Agricultural Depart¬
ment, Uganda, have again been active, and specimens have been
received from Messrs. P. Chandler, G. L. R. Hancock, C. G. Hansford,
C. Hazel, and others ; and also from the Forestry Department from
Messrs. N. V. Brasnett, W. J. Eggeling, C. M. Harris, and others.
Miss E. R. Napier, of the Coryndon Memorial Museum, Nairobi, has
forwarded for determination some 1400 specimens collected in Kenya
by herself, Miss C. Harvey, Mrs. Brodhurst Hill, Mrs. Chater Jack
and others. The Agricultural Department, Kenya Colony, has
presented small consignments collected specially by Messrs. D. C.
Edwards and C. A. Thorold, and the Forestry Department, Kenya
Colony, again forwarded interesting material collected mainly by
Messrs. I. R. Dale and H. M. Gardner. From Mount Elgon additional
material was received from Major E. J. Lugard, and also some very
interesting specimens, especially Orchidaceae, from Mrs. D. R.
Tweedie.

The chief collectors in Tanganyika Territory were Messrs. B. D.
Burtt and G. W. St. Clair Thompson of the Department of Tsetse
Research, and A. E. Haarer and V. F. Jessel of the Department of
Agriculture. Valuable contributions collected by Messrs. H. E.
Emson, H. E. Hornby, P. J. Greenway, N. V. Rounce, and R. R.
Staples were received from the East African Agricultural Research
Station, Amani.

Our botanical knowledge of the mountainous parts of the
southern portion of Tanganyika Territory has been increased during
the year by three valuable collections. Mr. R. M. Davies, of the
Agricultural Department, made a trip to the Rungwe and Elton
Plateau, and forwarded an interesting set of specimens with sketch
maps. At a later date Rear-Admiral H. Lynes made a topographical
and ecological survey in the Iringa district and brought home a
useful collection of specimens accompanied by detailed maps, while
additional material from the same regions was received from Mr.
G. W. St. Clair Thompson (see p. 4).

South Tropical Africa. —A further century of plants collected
by Senhor A. F. de Gomes e Sousa in Portuguese East Africa was
received from the Director of Agriculture. From Southern Rhodesia
a large number of Cyperaceae was communicated by the Secretary
of the Department of Agriculture, grasses by Miss S. M. Stent, and
miscellaneous plants by Mr. F. Eyles, Miss E. G. Walter and Miss R.
J. Myres, and by Mr. D. R. Rosevear of the Forestry Department.
A large collection, which included many grasses, was forwarded by
Mr. C. G. Trapnell from Northern Rhodesia and a miscellaneous
collection from Nyasaland was presented by Mr. E. Lawrence of the
Department of Agriculture. Various South Tropical African plants
(mostly herbs) were received from Dr. J. Burtt Davy, of the Imperial
Forestry Institute, Oxford, and over ioo Orchids collected by the
members of Lund University, during their expedition to South
Africa and Southern Rhodesia, were forwarded for naming by Mr. T.
Norlindh. Mr. J. Fish presented a collection of specimens, drawings
and seeds of Ceropegias, bequeathed to him by the late Mr. W. E.
Ledger. A valuable collection of Madagascan plants was received
from M. H. Perrier de la Bathie.

Research and 'Publications .—The greater part of Mr. J. Hutchin¬
son's time has been spent on the preparation of the manuscript of
the Monocotyledons for the Flora of West Tropical Africa and Mr. V.
S. Summerhayes has also been largely engaged on the elaboration of
Orchidaceae for the same work.

In addition to the Enumeration of Major Lugard’s Mt. Elgon
plants, which will be published in the Kew Bulletin, and the account
of the Belgian Congo Compositae already mentioned (in the press),
the following papers have been published :—

Entandrophragma cylindricum, by A. C. Hoyle (K.B. 1932, 40).

Tropical African Plants : IX (K.B. 1932, 94).

Chidlowia, a new tree genus of Caesalpiniaceae, by A. C. Hoyle
(K.B. 1932, 101).

New Trees and Shrubs from Tropical Africa, by J. Burtt Davy &
A. C. Hoyle (K.B. 1932, 257).

African Orchids: III and IV (K.B. 1932,188, 388).

The genus Strobilanthopsis (K.B. 1932, 344).

Canthium in British East Africa (K.B. 1932, 353).

The Grassland Vegetation of the Cameroons Mountain, by T. D.
Maitland (KB. 1932, 417).

A new species of Arborescent Senecio from Ruwenzori (K.B.
2932 , 438 ).

The Arborescent Senecios of Mount Elgon (K.B. 1932, 465).

New species from Mount Elgon (K.B. 1932, 487).

South Africa. —Many specimens from South Africa were
as usual sent for purposes of identification or verification from various
official sources. About 1000 were communicated by the National
Herbarium, Pretoria, mainly from the collections of Messrs. H. G.
Flanagan, E. E. Galpin, A. P, G. Goosens and C. G. Trapnell,

Mr. F. R. Long, of Port Elizabeth, Mr. N. S. Pillans, of the Bolus
Herbarium, and Miss H. M. L. Forbes, of the Natal Herbarium, also
forwarded many species; others were received from the Transvaal
Museum, Pretoria, and the Albany Museum, Grahamstown, the
latter including many duplicates collected by Mr. R. A. Dyer.

The Hon. Mrs. A. D. Ryder presented a useful collection from
the Cape Province, and over 600 miscellaneous plants, including
many syntypes, were presented by Capt. T. M. Salter. A well
prepared set of Oxalis spp., collected by Dr. C. L. Leipoldt, was
received through the Bolus Herbarium. Miss W. Barker, who is
attached to that Institution in the service of Kew, has forwarded
a series of 562 excellently dried specimens, including many interesting
species and a proportion of syntypes. Two collections made by
General the Rt. Hon. J. C. Smuts, P.C., F.R.S., were communicated
by the National Herbarium, one from the mountains in the Eastern
Transvaal, the other from the little-known area east of the Zout-
pansberg.

A regular flow of small parcels of mounted specimens, mainly
of plants which could not be completely determined at the National
Herbarium, has been maintained. Specimens of Transvaal
Malvaceae and Sterculiaceae were received for determination from
the Empire Cotton Growing Corporation, in connection with the
investigation of host plants of Cotton pests. A small set of plants
was purchased from Mr. E. G. Bryant, collected in the arid and little-
known area of Prieska.

In connection with his work on a Flora of Albany and Bathurst
Divisions, Mr. Dyer, the South African Assistant, has had on loan
1067 mounted specimens from the Albany Museum, Grahamstown,
whilst that Institution and other South African herbaria com¬
municated their collections of Cycadaceae for the Supplement to the
Flora Capensis.

Research and Publications .—The Supplement to the Flora
Capensis, containing an account of the Gymnosperms, is now in the
press, and the investigation of the flora of Albany and Bathurst is in
progress. The following papers have been published :—

Erythrophysa alata (K.B. 1932, 149).

Notes on African Grasses : XII (K.B. 1932,151).

Notes on the Flora of Southern Africa: I-III (K.B. 1932, 152,
443* 5io).

Inezia, a New Genus of Compositae from South Africa, by E. P.
Phillips (K.B. 1932, 297).

New South African Iridaceae, by L. Bolus (K.B. 1932,326).

America.

In this department the study of the Floras of British Guiana
and adjacent regions of tropical America has been continued.
The identification of the plants collected on the Oxford Expedition
to British Guiana was completed and since then a fine set of plants

collected mainly by Mr. T. A. W. Davis, Assistant Conservator of
Forests, has been received and studied. These came from the
Kanaku Mountains and Upper Rupununi River in the interior of the
colony, and include new species of large trees never before felled in
this region. Other work on British Guiana includes a revision of
the species of Mora and Dimorphandra and an account of the species
of Strychnos occurring in the Colony; an investigation of the
Bignoniaceae has also been taken in hand.

Several small collections from Tropical America have now been
named and incorporated in the Herbarium, notably some interesting
plants collected by Mr. W. Fox in the Department of Loreto,
Amazonian Peru, received in 1911. The remainder of the Lehmann
collection from Colombia and Ecuador has now been named or
partially named, and prepared for distribution.

A few large genera were re-arranged and written up by recent
monographs, including Mimulus by Dr. A. L. Grant’s monograph,
Annona by Prof. R. E. Fries’ recent paper, Anguria and Gurania.

During the year 8660 specimens have been mounted and some
6800 sheets have been incorporated.

Some valuable sets of duplicates have been received in exchange,
the most notable being the following: seventy-six specimens,
mostly syntypes, of plants from the newly-explored Mount Duida in
Venezuela, presented by the New York Botanical Garden ; a large
number of rare and interesting plants from Amazonian Brazil, Peru
and Colombia, collected mainly by E. P. Killip and A. C. Smith,
from the United States National Herbarium ; specimens of new or
rare Surinam species, from the Utrecht Herbarium ; a set of plants
from the Revillagigedo Archipelago, from the California Academy of
Sciences ; and a series of 330 Willows, critically determined by Dr. C.
R. Ball, from the University of California. In addition, a fine collec¬
tion of over 1400 excellently dried specimens from Mexico has been
presented by Mr. G. B. Hinton, and a* small set of very useful
Patagonian specimens by Mrs. M. E. Blake.

The following collections were also received:—

North America,— Presented : Canada, by Dr. C. Christensen;
United States, by Mr. I. H. Burkill; the Bureau of Plant
Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington
(cultivated grass Sorghums); the California Academy of
Sciences, San Francisco (coll. Miss A. Eastwood); the Carnegie
Institution of Washington, Stanford University (coll. D. D.
Keck); the New York Botanical Garden (coll. H. N. Moldenke);
the University of California, Berkeley (coll. E. B. Copeland and
V, Duran); and by the University of California, Los Angeles (coll.
Carl Epling).

Central America, — Presented : Costa Rica, by Mr. C, H. Lankester.

Purchased : Mr. W. A. Schipp, British Honduras plants.
West Indies. — Presented : Cuba, by the Arnold Arboretum,
Harvard University (coll, J. G. Jack); Trinidad and Tobago,
by the Department of Agriculture (coll. R, O. Williams),

Purchased : Mr. W. E. Broadway, Trinidad plants ; Mr. E. J,
Valeur, Dominican Republic plants.

East Tropical South America.— Presented : Brazil, by the Gray
Herbarium, Harvard University (coll. H. N. Whitford).

West Tropical South America.— Presented : Galapagos and Cocos
Islands, by the Brooklyn Botanic Garden (coll. H. K. Svenson).

Purchased : United States National Museum, Colombian and
Peruvian plants (coll. G. Klug).

Temperate South America.— Presented : Argentine, by Dr. Angel
L. Cabrera.

Purchased : Dr. A. Donat, Plantae Patagonicae, Century iii.

Research and Publications. —The following papers dealing with the
botanical results of the Oxford University Expedition to British
Guiana have been published :—

New and noteworthy Bignoniaceae from British Guiana ( K.B.
1932, 81).

New Euphorbiaceae, by J. Lanjouw, Utrecht (K.B. 1932, 183),
including the description of a new genus.

New and noteworthy species from British Guiana (continued)
(K.B. 1932, 209).

Other papers are :—

The Tabebuias of British Guiana and Trinidad (K.B. 1932, 18).

New Species of Nototriche from Bolivia (K.B. 1932, 77).

Laugeria “ Vahl ”=Terebraria Kuntze (K.B. 1932, 349).

Mora and Dimorphandra in British Guiana (K.B. 1932, 395) ;
and A New Berberis from Chile and Argentina (K.B. 1932,454).

Australia (including New Guinea) and New Zealand.

During the year several genera of grasses have been revised and
re-arranged. All the grasses presented to Kew from the Brisbane
Herbarium (1800 sheets) and other botanical institutions and by
private persons during Mr. C. E. Hubbard's visit to Australia have
now been mounted and are being incorporated. Dr. K. Domin kindly
lent over 400 sheets of his Queensland specimens, including many
types, which have been of great value in the identification of the
large collections of Australian grasses which have reached Kew
during the last few years. In connection with this work, the types
of all of Lindley’s species of Australian grasses in the Cambridge
University Herbarium have also been borrowed.

Large mixed collections have been received from Mr. C. T.
White, of the Botanic Museum and Herbarium, Brisbane, Mr. A.
Morris, Broken Hill, New South Wales, and from the National
Herbarium of Victoria. These mostly consist of named plants and
duplicates of type or authentic material. Dr. F. A. Rodway has
continued to send valuable collections amounting to 450 numbers,
largely named, mostly from New South Wales. Further instalments
of Tasmanian plants have been purchased from the Tasmanian
Museum and Art Gallery, Hobart.

A collection of Central Australian grasses was presented by
Professor J. B. Cleland, and a set of grasses collected by Mr. L. J.
Brass in various parts of North Queensland was received from Mr. C.
T. White. These were from the areas which had hitherto been
visited by only one or two collectors who had paid little attention to
the grasses.

In addition the following collections were presented :—
Australia :—New South Wales, by the Rev. E. N. McKie;

Queensland, by the Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University

(coll. C. T. White and S. F. Kajewslri), Mr. L. J. Brass, and by

Mr. G. K. Jackson (ferns and grasses); South Australia, by

Mr. J. M. Black; Victoria, by Miss J. Galbraith; various, by

Ur. A. Meebold.

New Guinea :—By the Department of Agriculture (coll. J. L.

Froggatt).

New Zealand :—By Dr. W. A. Sledge and by Miss N. E. Watt.

Research and Publications. —The Occurrence of the genus Acera-
tium (Elaeocarpaceae) in Australia, by C. T. White [K.B. 1932, 42).

A paper on the genus Dentella in Australia, for which copious
material has been presented or loaned by most of the botanical
institutions of that continent, has been prepared.

The Gaultherias and Pemettyas collected by the Director and
others in New Zealand, Tasmania and Australia have been studied
in connection with their S. American allies by the Director and
Mr B. L. Burtt, his botanical Assistant, and the account will shortly
be published.

Oceania.

Several small collections have been named from Fiji and advan¬
tage was taken of the late Dr. J. W. Gillespie’s visit to name practic¬
ally the whole of the collection made by Mrs. J. D. Tothill and also
plants collected by Mrs. C. J. Parham. Work was continued on
specimens collected by Mr. S. F. Kajewski in the Santa Cruz Islands
forwarded from the Arnold Arboretum. Mr. J. H. L. Waterhouse
sent some further instalments from Bougainville Island, while collec¬
tions of Ficus have been received for identification from Professor
E. B. Copeland, University of California, and from the Bernice B.
Bishop Museum, Honolulu. A large collection of duplicates collected
by Mr. Kajewski in the New Hebrides was presented by the Arnold
Arboretum.

The following collections were also presented:—Bougainville,
by the School of Forestry, Yale University (colL J. H. L. Waterhouse);
Samoa, by the University of California, (coll. W. A. Setchell); Fiji,
by the Department of Agriculture (grasses, coll. C. A. Turbet).

Research and Publications. —The collection of New Hebridean
Figs presented by the Arnold Arboretum has been named and a
paper published in the Journal of the Arnold Arboretum.

Work was continued on the species of Ficus from Tonga, Fiji,
Samoa and Solomon Islands.

Pteridophyta.

Amongst additions to the fern and fem-ally collections during the
year was a set of 172 specimens collected in Ceylon about the year
1866 and presented to Kew by Mrs. A. McDonell. This collection had
been partially named by G. H. K. Thwaites, when Conservator of the
Botanic Garden, Peradeniya. Prof. R. R. Stewart presented a set
of ferns he collected in the N.W. Himalayas and Kashmir and Dr. G.
Morgan presented a collection from Darjeeling. An interesting
series from the New Hebrides was forwarded by Mr. R. A. Sykes,
formerly Conservator of Forests, and a collection from Queensland
made by Mr. G. K. Jackson. A duplicate set of ferns, collected in
China by J. F. Rock, was presented by the United States National
Museum. Over 1700 sheets were incorporated during the year.

The whole of the Kew material of Leptochilus was sent on loan
to Mr. R. C. Ching at Copenhagen to assist him in his revision of that
genus and was returned duly written up before his departure for
China.

A critical investigation of the ferns of West Tropical Africa was
commenced for their incorporation in the Flora.

Research and Publications. —Two new Ferns from Colombia, by
W. R. Maxon (K.B. 1932, 134).

Pteridophyta collected by the Oxford Expedition to British
Guiana, 1929, by A. H. G. Alston [K.B. 1932, 305).

Bryophyta.

Amongst collections of Mosses received during 1932 the more
important were those presented by Professor R. R. Stewart from
Kashmir, Mr. R. E. Vaughan from Mauritius, Mr. K. W. Allison
from New Zealand, Miss M. Steele from the Cameroons Mountain,
and by the United States National Museum, from Jamaica (coll.
E. P. Killip and W. R. Maxon). A number of Hepaticae from New
Zealand, Mauritius, Ruwenzori, Kashmir, and various parts of
Europe has been identified. Before this could be done a rearrange¬
ment of the material in various genera was found to be necessary.
The formation of a working collection of microscopic preparations
of authentic material of Hepaticae has also been started in order to
facilitate the naming of collections. Series iii and iv, Hepaticae
Selectae et Criiicae were purchased from Mr. Fr. Verdoorn.

Unofficially, as Excursion Secretary of the British Bryological
Society, Mr. C. V. B. Marquand accompanied a small party in a
bryological exploration of a previously unworked mountain range
in Arctic Norway. A valuable series of specimens has been pre¬
sented to Kew and a paper on the results of the expedition will be
published shortly.

Thallophyta.

Algae. —In addition to the determinations of British plants,
collections of Algae have been named from Australia, Canada, the

West Indies, the Gold Coast and Mauritius. Assistance afforded to
research workers in the British Isles included principally critical
determinations for local surveys. Type specimens have also been
selected for despatch on loan to other mstitutes, particularly material
of Codiim to Prof. W. A. Setchell.

At the request of Prof. T. A. Stephenson, of Cape Town Univer¬
sity, several extensive collections of Algae have been named in
connection with a general ecological survey of the flora and fauna of
Still Bay, about 200 miles east of Cape Town. Dr. F. P. Metcalf,
of the Lingnan University, Canton, presented a collection of Chinese
Algae, and Dr. F. Boergesen contributed specimens of his new species
of Indian Rhodophyceae. A small set of South African specimens
was purchased from Miss M. Purcell.

Research and Publications. —A new species of Codium, of the
adhaerens section, from the Cape Peninsula, was described in the
Revue Algologique, and the MS. of a paper on Some Algal Balls
from Tasmania was sent to the press.

Some Indian Rhodophyceae : II, by F. Boergesen (K.B. 1932,

M3).

Fungi. —The routine work involved a large number of replies
to miscellaneous identification inquiries, both British and foreign,
advice on diseases of horticultural plants and the extraction and
collation of information relating to fungi of industrial importance.
The assistance given to research workers in the determination of
critical species has also involved much time. Amongst collections
of fungi received for determination, mention may be made of the
following material:—from India (Professor S. R. Bose, and Messrs.
S. Banerjee, C. E. Parkinson and J. C. Sengupta) ; Singapore (Mr. E.
J. H. Comer) ; Southern Rhodesia (Messrs. J. C. F. Hopkins and F.
Eyles) ; Kenya (Mr. C. A. Thorold) ; and Southern and Tropical
Africa (Mr. 0 . A. H0eg). A set of fungi from the Amazons River
Drainage collected by J. R. Weir and specimens collected in the
United States by 0 . F. Cook were presented by the Bureau of Plant
Industry, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington,
Numerous rare and critical species of British fungi have also been
added to the collections. Fascicles 50-52, Mycotheca germanica,
were purchased from Herr. H. Sydow, and Century iii, Mycoflora
Domingensis Exsiccata from Dr. R. Ciferri.

Assistance was given to Dr. R. M. Nattrass in the preparation of a
list of the fungi occurring in Cyprus, an area which is practically
unknown from a mycological standpoint.

Mr. C. G. Hansford has worked for some months on his collections
of Uganda fungi and conjointly with him a paper on the Uredineae
of Uganda has been prepared for publication. It i§ hoped to deal in
a simil a r way with other groups of fungi from this region.

Dr. C. J. Humphrey, Mycologist to the Department of Agricul¬
ture, Philippine Islands, spent several weeks studying the Polypor-
aceae in the Kew collections with a view to the publication of a series

of monographic studies on this group. During Dr. Humphrey's
stay he kindly allowed a selection of material to be taken from his
own collection. The specimens thus extracted have greatly enriched
the Kew collections.

In connection with the opening of the new wing the congestion
in the Cryptogamic department was relieved by expanding the collec¬
tion, and numerous specimens, temporarily housed in boxes, were
incorporated in their proper position. The British collection has
been placed in a special block of cabinets, and it is hoped to build up
a useful working collection of British fungi.

Research and Publications. —Preliminary List of Fungi or Diseases
of Economic Plants in Tanganyika Territory, by G. B. Wallace ( K.B .
1932, 28).

Biological and Genetical Herbaria.

About 1500 specimens have been added to these collections
during the year. These include : (1) additional material from the
ecological survey which is being undertaken in Richmond Park, (2)
further specimens illustrating breeding and field work in Anthyllis,
Silene, Centaurea, and Saxifraga, (3) numerous specimens of various
genera to illustrate points in their life history or ecological peculi¬
arities. Prof. Baur presented seed of some of his more striking
Antirrhinum mutants and a good series of specimens has been made
from plants raised from this seed at Kew.

Summary.

The routine work, apart from naming, accomplished by the
regular staff and by the special store staff during 1932 is summarised
as follows:—

Mounted .59,000 (approx.)

Incorporated ..27,000 (approx.)

Duplicates distributed . 13,092

Specimens received on loan . 8,772

Specimens sent out on loan . 6,046

Specimens presented or purchased ... 50,018

Illustrations and Portraits.

The routine work of preparing drawings, taking photographs and
making lantern slides for various purposes has been exceptionally
heavy. In addition a number of coloured drawings of various plants
has been prepared for the Kew collection of drawings and also a
series of studies of Anthyllis in connection with the experimental
work at Potteme. About 300 sheets of type or authentic specimens
borrowed from other herbaria have been photographed for the Kew
collection and about 600 sheets of Kew specimens have been photo¬
graphed for other Institutions.

The third part of vol. ii of the Fifth Series of Hooker’s leones
Plantarum appeared in June (see K.B. 1932, 411). The fourth part
is now ready for the press, and the preparation of the first part of the

next volume has been begun. The Bentham-Moxon Trustees intend
to publish two parts each year in future. The average output for the
twentj T veais 1897-1916 was one part annually, but publication
was suspended during the latter part of the War, and only four parts
have appeared since, namely, in 1922, 1927, 1930 and 1932. The
new arrangements are due to the appointment of a botanical artist
by the Trustees.

The most important acquisition during the year was the presen¬
tation by the Bentham-Moxon Trustees of a valuable collection of
648 coloured drawings, including a number on vellum signed by
G. D. Ehret and Margaret Meen (see K.B. 1933, 2). Another
valuable collection was that presented by Miss W. M. E. Fowler,
Odiham, Hants. This consists of 300 water-colour sketches of
flowers made by her about 30 years ago in the Orange Belt of Florida.
They are on paper about 7f in. by 6 in., are named, and are accom¬
panied by MS. notes.

The miscellaneous drawings and photographs of plants which
have been received, and which will be incorporated in the general
collection, include 89 original drawings prepared for the Botanical
Magazine, and 19 photographs, presented by the Royal Horticultural
Society through Dr. Stapf; 40 plates of the Flowering Plants of
South Africa from Dr. I. B. Pole Evans ; 20 photographs of
Bromeliaceae, from the Gray Herbarium, and about 100 photographs
of specimens of Ganoderma Karst. (.Fomes Fries), from Dr. C. J.
Humphrey of the Bureau of Science, Manila. Other photographs
have been received from the Natal Herbarium, the New York
Botanical Garden, Mr. I. H. Burkill and Dr. J. Burtt Davy.

Additions to the collection of portraits of botanists include
photographs of Mr. Leonard Rodway, from Dr. F. A. Rodway, of
Dr. Harold Lindberg, and of Sir J. D. Hooker and Dr. Alexander
Prior, both by Messrs. Maull, from Miss E. M. Harting. Miss Harting
has also presented a replica, in pewter, of the Gold Medal which was
awarded Sir J. D. Hooker by the Linnean Society in 1898.

Nomenclature and Bibliography.

Throughout the year numerous enquiries have been received and
answered, many requiring detailed nomenclatural investigation, and
others entailing the searching of literature for obscure names.

Pending the publication by the Editorial Committee of the third
edition of the International Rules of Nomenclature, a rough draft
embodying the decisions of the Cambridge Congress was prepared
for immediate practical use. This has been found invaluable.

In the early part of the year a study was made of Patrick
Browne’s Civil and Natural History of Jamaica (1789), in order to
ascertain whether his generic names were valid. It was found that
the new names of monotypic genera published by him were validated
by the accompanying descriptions, and that those genera including
more than one species were validly published wherever the type

species was indicated, in spite of the fact that the validating descrip¬
tion included characters peculiar to that species in addition to generic
ones.

A revision of the plant names proposed for the new edition of the
British Pharmacopoeia was undertaken, and in connection with this
work an article on " the Botanical Names of Lavender and Spike "
was prepared, clearing up the confusion in the nomenclature of these
two commercial products (K.B. 1932, 295).

It was discovered that the genus of Rubiaceae commonly known
as “ Laugeria Vahl ” should bear the name Terebraria Kuntze. An
account of the synonymy and geographical distribution of the genus
and its two species was published in K.B. 1932, 349.

An investigation was made into the type of the generic name
Allantoma Miers (Lecythidaceae), and useful general criteria were
obtained for the proposed “ Regulations for determining types,”
which will be discussed at the next International Botanical Congress
at Amsterdam, in 1935 (Joum. Bot. 1932, 231).

Index Kewensis.

The compilation of Supplement VIII was brought to a dose,
and the entire card index has now been duplicated for permanent
reference. The preparation of the work for the Press was also
completed, and a first instalment of one half was sent to the
Clarendon Press in October.

Experimental and Transplant Work.

Work was continued at Potteme and Kew on Stlem oj\dC entaurea
and additional ground has had to be acquired in order to accommodate
plants of the latter genus. The results of further cytological research
on Saxifraga have made a series of additional crosses necessary.
At present the breeding and cytological results are not fully
harmonized, but both are giving results of much interest and
importance. The field and breeding studies in Anthyllis have been
completed and two papers on this genus prepared for publication.
Work on the British variations of Anagallis is proceeding.

The transplant experiments are being continued and Fragaria
vesca and Phleum pratense (diploid and hexaploid), have been added
to the species in the beds.

Publications .—Researches on Silene maritima and S. vulgaris:
VIII-X (K.B. 1932, 229, 271, 390).

Visitors.

The number of signatures in the Visitors’ book for 1932 was
5440. The following were amongst the most noteworthy or frequent
visitors to the Herbarium :—

Major G. Aylmer, Department of Agriculture and Forests,
Khartoum, Sudan.

Mr. E. G. Baker; Dr. J. Barthelet, Antibes, France; Mr. W. J.
Bean; Mr. L. A. Boodle; Prof. C. E. B. Bremekamp, Utrecht; Dr.
N. E. Brown; Mr. I. H. Burkill; Prof. A. H. R. Buller, University
of Manitoba; Dr. E. J. Butler, Imperial Mycological Institute.

Mr. W. S. Chamberlain.

Dr. J. M. Dalziel; Dr. J. Burtt Davy, Imperial Forestry Insti¬
tute, Oxford; Mr. H. N. Dixon.

Mr. A. W. Exell, Natural History Museum; Mr. P. J. Eyma,
Utrecht.

Prof. H. M. Fitzpatrick, Cornell University; Mr. H. R. Fletcher,
The University, Aberdeen; Dr. B. Floderus, Stockholm; Dr. H. G.
Fourcade, S. Africa; Mr. J. Fraser.

Dr. M. Gard, Bordeaux; Dr. J. W. Gillespie, Arizona University;
Mr. H. B. Gilliland, University of Edinburgh; Dr. P. L. Giuseppi;
Mr. W. B. Grove.

Mr. C. G. Hansford, Dept. Agric., Uganda; Mr. M. R. Henderson,
Botanic Garden, Singapore; Mr. A. C. Hoyle, Oxford; Dr. C. J.
Humphrey, Bureau of Science, Manila.

Dr. Ivan Johnston, Arnold Arboretum.

Dr. A. F. G. Kerr; Mr. E. P. Killip, U.S. National Museum,
Washington.

Mr. C. H. Lankester; Mr. E. Lawrence, Dept. Agric., Nyasaland;
Dr. Harald Lindberg, Helsingfors University.

Mr. E. W. Mason, Imperial Mycological Institute; Mr. A. P. G.
Michelmore, Gezira Research Farm, Sudan; Mrs. M. Moss, University
of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.

Dr. J. H. Nannfeldt, Uppsala; Mr. N. T. Norlindh, Lund.

Mr. R. Paulson; Mr. T. Petch; Dr. O. Posthumus, Pasoeroean,
Java; Mr. J. Pitt Schenkel; Mr. W. R. Price.

Dr. A. Rehder, Arnold Arboretum; Mr. H. N. Ridley; Mr. N. V-
Rounce, Dept. Agric., Tanganyika Territory.

Mrs. C. Sandwith; Mr. A. C. Smith, New York Botanical Garden;
Prof. N. J. G. Smith, Rhodes University College, Grahamstown;
Mr. J. D. Snowden; Dr. 0 . Stapf; Prof. R. R. Stewart, Gordon
College, Rawalpindi; Mr. C. F. Symington, Forest Research Institute,
Kepong, Federated Malay States.

Capt. F. Kingdon Ward; Mr. H. Weimarck, Lund; Miss M. M.
Whiting; Lt.-Col. A. H. Wolley-Dod; Mr. W. C. Worsdell; Mr. J. W.
Wyatt.

Distribution of Duplicates.

The following were the principal institutions to which duplicates
were distributed:—

4 *

Europe and Orient. —Berlin, Botanic Gardens and Museum;
Brno, Masaryk University; Brussels, Botanic Gardens; Copen¬
hagen, University Botanic Museum; Jerusalem, The Hebrew
University ; Leiden, ’s Rijks Herbarium; Leningrad, Botanic
Garden; Lund, Botanical Museum; Paris, Natural History
Museum ; Sarajevo, State Museum ; Sofia, University, Department
of Botany; Stockholm, Botanical Museum ; Tervueren, Belgian
Congo Museum; Utrecht, University Botanic Museum and Her¬
barium ; Vienna, Natural History Museum; Zurich, Botanic
Garden and Museums.

Africa. —Amani, East African Agricultural Research Station;
Grahamstown, Albany Museum; Nairobi, Coryndon Memorial
Museum; Pretoria, Division of Plant Industry.

Australia. —Brisbane, Botanic Museum and Herbarium.

America. —Chicago, Field Museum; Georgetown, Demerara,
Forestry Department; Missoula, University of Montana, Depart¬
ment of Botany; Montreal University, Department of Botany;
New York, Botanic Garden ; Philadelphia, Academy of Natural
Sciences; Rio de Janeiro, Botanic Garden ; Washington, U.S.
National Museum.

The Library.

The more important presentations received during the year are
as follows:—

The Bentham Trustees have presented a number of volumes
which include; I,. Choulant, Handbook der Bucherkunde fiir die
dltere Medicin, zwe ite Auflage, 1841, Neudruck, 1926; The tabular
distribution of British plants , 1787, attributed to the Earl of Bute ;
and a copy of the rare Selectarum Stirpium Americanarum Historia, by
N. J. Jacquin (Vienna, about 1780). The last named is bound in
three volumes and was formerly in the library of the Earl of Tanker-
ville at Chillingham Castle, Northumberland. An account of a
large and valuable collection of original coloured drawings of plants
from the same library, which has been presented by the Bentham
Trustees, is published in K.B. 1933, 2. As in previous years
volumes or parts in continuation of several periodicals received in
exchange for Hooker's leones Plantarum, have been presented by the
Bentham Trustees.

From the Royal Horticultural Society have been received three
copies of the Report of the Conifer Conference , 1931 [Conifers in cultiva¬
tion ), three copies of An account of the Semfervivum group, by R.
Lloyd Praeger, and one copy of the Lily Year Book, 1932. A second
copy of the last named has been received from Major F. C. Stem.

Lieut.-Col. Sir David Prain has presented the continuation of
several periodicals, as recorded in previous years, and a number of
pamphlets.

From the Technological Museum, Sydney, the following have been
received : Cabinet Umbers of Australia, 1913, by R. T. Baker; A

research on the Eucalyfits, especially in regard to their essential oils, by
R. T. Baker and H, G. Smith, second edition, 1920 ; and Woodfibres
of smne Australian timbers, 1924, by the same authors.

The publications received from the Imperial Council of Agri¬
cultural Research, India, include the Indian Journal of Agricultural
Science and Scientific Monographs, no. 1, The fungi of India, by E. J.
Butler and G. R. Bisby, 1931, and no. 3, The open pan system of white
sugar manufacture, by R. C. Srivastava, 1931.

The leones of the essential forest trees of Hokkaido, by Professors
K. Miyabe and Y. Kudo, the plates by C. Suzaki, a work in three
folio volumes containing 86 coloured plates, with text in English
and Japanese, was completed by the issue of the 28th fascicle in 1931.
This first appeared in 1920, but the set at Kew, which had been
presented by the Hokkaido Government, was deficient in fascicle 10,
the stock of this and the previous 9 fascicles having been destroyed
by fire at the time of the great earthquake in Tokyo in 1923. These
fascicles have now been reprinted, and a copy of the tenth, with a
second edition of the title-page, prefatory matter and index to the
first volume, has been sent to Kew. Mr. Suzaki’s coloured plates are
admirable.

Among the publications received from the New York Botanical
Garden are four further parts of the North American Flora, the
continuation of Addisonia, the Flora of the prairies and plains of
Central North America, by P. A. Rydberg, Brittonia , vol. i. no. 3, and
a typed copy of C. S. Rafinesque’s Autikon botanicon : icones
plantarum . . . centur. xxv. Philadelphia, 1840-50, text only.
Professor Merrill informs us that no illustrations for this work were
ever prepared, Rafinesque’s intention having been that the
“ figures ” should take the form of dried specimens to be distributed
by him.

The establishment is indebted to the kind offices of Dr. W. T.
Swingle of the Bureau of Plant Industry, U.S. Department of
Agriculture, for a bound photostat copy of the issues of the Notes and
Queries on China and Japan from 1867 to 1869, containing the
botanical writings of Theophilus Sampson relating to China. A
copy of the account of Sampson’s life and work given by Bret-
schneider in his History of European botanical discoveries in China,
an index to the species of plants mentioned in Sampson’s collected
writings, and a Chinese-character index are also included in the
volume. The work was prepared in the Office of the Chairman,
Library Committee, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and was first
issued in 1921. A second edition is dated January 20,1932, and it is
a copy of this that has been presented to the library. In a preface to
the volume Dr, Swingle states that Sampson’s herbarium of some
1800 plants was destroyed by fire in Canton in 1883. He points out
that Sampson’s writings are full of valuable information about South
Chinese plants and that the journal in which they were originally
published is now difficult to obtain.

Prof. V. L. Komarov of the Botanic Garden, Leningrad, has
presented a copy of a work in Russian of which the English title is
Key for the plants of the Far Eastern Region of the U.S.S.R., written
by himself and E. N. Klobukova-Alisova, and published by the
Academy of Sciences, Leningrad, in two volumes, the first in 1931
and the second in 1932. It contains altogether 1175 pages, including
330 very good full-page figures, and deals with the flowering plants
and vascular cryptogams of the region.

The following books were received from their publishers for review
in the Kew Bulletin. From Messrs. Bailli&re, Tindall & Cox :—Forrest
Shreve, The Cactus and its home, 1931; S. A. Waksman, Principles of
soil microbiology , ed. 2, 1931. From Messrs. Ernest Benn:—T.
Hedley Barry, Natural varnish stains, 1932. From the Crown Agents
for the Colonies :—D. Bannerman, The birds of Tropical West Africa,
vol. ii. 1931. From Messrs. Macmillan :—C. D. Darlington, Chromo¬
somes and plant-breeding, 1932 ; E. P. Felt & W. H. Rankin, Insects
and diseases of ornamental trees and shrubs, 1932 ; C. J. J. van Hall,
Cacao, ed. 2, 1932. From Messrs. L. Reeve:—N. E. Brown, A.
Tischer & M. C. Karsten, Mesembryanthema, descriptions, with
chapters on cultivation and general ecology, edited by E. J. Labarre,
1931 (in English, German and Dutch).

The more important independent works and reprints from
peiiodicals received, in addition to those already mentioned, are the
following, which have been presented by their authors unless other¬
wise stated:—S. AMyama, Conspectus Caricum Japonicarum, in Journ.
Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Imp. Univ., ser. 5, vol. ii. no. 1; A. Andersson,
Studien iiber die Embryologie der Familien Celastraceae, Oleaceae uni
Apocynaceae, in Lunds TJniv. Arsskr. N. F., Avd. 2, Bd. 27, nr. 7;
L. H. Bailey, Gentes herbarum, vol. ii. fasc. 6; Mrs. H. M. L. Bolus,
Notes on Mesembrianthemum and allied genera, pt. 2, pp. 309-376
(3 copies) ; The British Pharmacopoeia, 1932, published and presented
by the General Medical Council; Catalogue des plantes de Madagascar,
public par l’Acad&nie Malgache, 1931-32 : Chlaenaceae, Dioscore-
aceae, Scrophulariaceae, by H. Perrier de la Bathie, Pteridophyta, by
C. Christensen (from the Acad&nie Malgache and the authors) ;
Centenaire de la Societe Roy ale des Arts et des Sciences de Vile Maurice,
1829-1929 (from the Society) ; L. Chalk & J. Burtt Davy (Editors),
Forest trees and timbers of the British Empire, I: Some East African
Conifers and Leguminosae (2 copies, from the Oxford University
Press and the Imperial Forestry Institute, Oxford); C. Christensen,
The Pteridophyta of Madagascar, in Dansk Bot. Arkiv, vol. vii.;
G. H. Clark & M. O. Malte, Fodder and pasture plants [of Canada],
1913 (from Dr. O. Stapf); Sir Jeremiah Coleman, Bt., Hybridization
of Orchids : the experiences of an amateur; Collected Papers from the
Department of Pharmacology, Peiping Union Medical College, vol. iii
(from Prof. B. E. Read); W. G. Craib, Florae siamensis enumeratio,
vol. ii. pt. 1 (from The Siam Society, Bangkok); G. H. Cunningham,
The rust fungi of New Zealand, &c., 1931; J. Burtt Davy, A manual

of the flowering plants and ferns of the Transvaal with Swaziland, pt. 2 ;
O. Degener, Flora hawaiiensis, 151 ff.; G. Delevoy, Etudes systdm-
atiques des hois du Katanga, fasc. 4-7, 1930-32 (from Comite Special
du Katanga); Is. De Wildeman, Plantae Bequaertianae, vol. v.
fasc. 4 ; D. S. Dramba, Etude physique et mdcanique du hois roumain
(from Casa Autonoma a Padurilor Statului, Bucharest); A. Eaton,
Manual of botany, ed. 5, 1829 (from the Gray Herbarium) ; P. J.
Eyma, The Polygonaceae, Guttiferae and Lecythidaceae of Surinam ;
M. L. Femald, The linear-leaved North American species of Potamo-
geton, section Axillares, in Mem. Amer. Acad. vol. xvii. pt. 1, forming
Mem. Gray Herb. III.; Flora Sibiri i Dal'negho Vostoka {Flora
Sibiriae et Orientis extremi a Museo Botanico Academiae Scientianm
edita), pts. 2-4,1915-26 (from the Academy of Sciences, Leningrad);
R. E. Fries, Revision der Arten einiger Anonaceen-Gattungen, II, 1931,
in Acta Horti Bergiani, Bd. 10, no. 2 ; Mme. L. Gauthier-Li&vre,
Recherches sur laflore des eaux continentales de VAfrique du Nord,
1931, as Mdm. hors-sdrie, Soc. d'Hist. Nat. de VAfrique du Nord;
A. W. Goldsmith & A. L. Hafenrichter, Anthokinetics : the physiology
and ecology of floral movements (from the Carnegie Institution of
Washington) ; Christine J. Gorter, Groeistofproblemen bij wortels;
J. Th. Henrard, A monograph of the genus Aristida, vol. ii. in Mededeel.
’s Rijks Herb. Leiden, no. 58A; L. J. Laporte, Recherches sur la
biologie et la sysUmcctique des Desmidides, 1931 (from the Editor of
Nature ) ; A. Lem£e, Dictionnaire descriptif et synonymique des genres
de plantes phandrogames, tome 4 ; H. Lindberg, (x) Die nordischen
Alchemilla vulgaris-Formen und ihre Verbreitung, 1909, in Acta Soc.
Set. Fenn. vol. xxxvii. no. 10, and (2) Itinera mediterranea : ein
Beitrag zur Kenntnis der westmediterranen Flora, in Acta Soc. Sci.
Fenn. N.S., vol. i. no. 2 ; E. J. Lindeijer, De Bacterieziekte van den
wilg veroorzaakt door Pseudomonas saliciperda n. sp. (from Director,
Phytopathologisch Laboratorium “ Willie Commelin Scholten,”
Baam, Holland); J. C. Loudon, An encyclopaedia of plants, 1829
(from the Rev. F. A. Rogers); M. Louvel, Atlas des plantes oma-
mentales et curieuses de Madagascar, public a Toccasion de l’Exposi-
tion Coloniale Internationale de Paris, 1931 (from Librarian,
Department of Overseas Trade) ; T. Lundblad, Beitrdge zur pflanz-
lichen Elektrophysiologie, 1927 ; S. Mangham & W. Rae Sheriffs,
A second biology, 1931 (from Prof. S. Mangham); T. Martyn, Flora
rustica [1792-94], issued in one volume, with uncoloured plates
(from the Rev. F. A. Rogers); B. Miyazawa, Results in breeding
Paeonia albiflora and its botanical and horticultural history, in Bull.
Kanagawa-Kcn Agric. Exper. Stat. no. 52 ; T. Nakai, Flora sylvatica
nor tana, pars xix. (from the Forest Experiment Station, Govern¬
ment General of Chosen); J. A. Nannfeldt, Studien fiber die
Morphologic und Systematik der nicht-lichenisierten inopercidaten
Discomycetm, in Nova Acta Reg. Soc. Sci. Ufsal. ser. 4, vol. viii.
no. 2 ; E. Nelmes & W. Cuthbertson, Curtis's Botanical Magazine
dedications, 1827-1927 ; portraits and biographical notes, 1931 (from
Mr. W. Cuthbertson); Nova Guinea: rdsuliats des expiditions
46

scientifiques d la Nouvelle Guinie, vol. xiv. Botanique, livr. 4 (from
Maatschappij ter Bevordering van het Natuurkundig Onderzoek der
Nederlandsche Kolonien); G. B. Patvardhan & G. B. Deshmukh, A
hand book of horticultural practices, 1931 (from Mr. I. H. Burkill) ;
Helena F. M. Petter, Over roode en andere Bacterien van gezouten
visch ; A. Pulle (Editor), Flora of Surinam, 4 parts (from Kon. Ver.
Koloniaal Instituut, Amsterdam) ; L. Kolderup Rosenvinge & E.
Warming (Editors), The botany of Iceland, vol. ii. pt. 3 (9), Fungi of
Iceland, by P. Larsen; H. St. John & E. Y. Hosaka, Weeds of the
Pineapple fields of the Hawaiian Islands, in Univ. Hawaii Research
Publ. no. 6 (from Prof. H. St. John) ; A. C. Smith, The American
species of Thibaudieae, in Contr. U. S. Nat. Herb. vol. xxviii. pt. 2 ;
Simon van der SteVs Journal of his expedition to Namaqualand,
1685-6; edited from the manuscript in the Library of Trinity
College, Dublin, by G. Waterhouse (from Sir A. W. Hill); C.
Tadulingam & G. Venkatanarayana, A handbook of some South
Indian weeds, 1931 (from Director of Agriculture, Madras) ; R. O.
Williams, Flora of Trinidad and Tobago, vol. i. pt. 5, 2 copies (from
Department of Agriculture, Trinidad and Tobago). Those of which
the year of publication is not stated were issued in 1932.

The periodical and serial publications now received as purchases,
exchanges or presentations are so numerous that even all of the last
named cannot be mentioned in the restricted space of this note. In
addition to the continuation of most of those recorded in previous
Reviews and of the few already referred to in this note, the following
have been presented, as a rule by the editors, societies or institutions
issuing them:— Acta Phytotaxonomica et Geobotanica, published by
the Phytogeographical Society, Kyoto, Japan, vol. 2. nos. 1-3 ;
Agricultural Journal, Department of Science and Agriculture,
Barbados, vol. i. nos. 1-2 (2 copies); The American Orchid Society
Bulletin, vol, i. nos. 1-2; Annales Botanici Societatis Zoologicae-
Botanicae Fennicae Vanamo, vol. i; Annales de VEcole Nationale des
Eaux et ForSts (Nancy), vol. i-iv. fasc. 1 (1923-31) ; Annual Report
of the Indian Museum, Industrial Section, 1901-02-1910-11 (from
Mr. I. H. Burkill); The British Bryological Society, Reports, 1927-31;
The Cactus Journal : official organ of the Cactus and Succulent
Society of Great Britain, vol. i. nos. 1-2; Ecology, vol. xiii. (from
Director, Imperial Mycological Institute, Kew); Lavori delV
Istituto Botanico della R. Universitd di Cagliari, 1-7,1930-31 (reprints
of papers by Prof. R. Pampanini) ; Leaflets of Western Botany,
vol. i. nos. 1-4 (from Miss Alice Eastwood); Memoirs of the Faculty of
Science and Agriculture, Taihoku Imperial University, vol. iv. A
monograph of the Satsuma orange, by T. Tanaka ; this has also been
issued as Contributions from the Horticultural Institute, Taihoku
Imperial University, no. 8, a copy of which has been presented by the
author; Northern Rhodesia, First Annual Bulletin of the Department
of Agriculture ; Proceedings of the Dorset Natural History and
Antiquarian Field Club, vol. xxix. & xxx. 1908 & 1909 (from Mr. H.

J. Goddard); Rapport sur le fonctionnement de Vlnstitut des Recherches
Agronotniques (Paris) pendant V annee 1931 ; Report of the Department
of Agriculture and Forests, Palestine, for the years 192J to 1930 ; and
Symbolae Botanicae Upsalienses, i: Cytological studies in Primula, by
H. G. Braun (from the Botaniska Institutionen, Upsala).

Periodicals or other publications issued by them have been
received as in previous years from the Empire Marketing Board, the
Empire Cotton Growing Corporation, the Imperial Agricultural
Bureaux at Cambridge and Aberystwyth (Plant-Genetics), at
Harpenden (Soil Science), at East Mailing (Fruit Production), and at
St. Albans (Agricultural Parasitology), the Botanical Laboratory of
the University of Utrecht, the Botanical Museum of the University
of Zurich, the Departments of Agriculture and Forestry in India and
in many of the colonies, protectorates and other parts of the British
Empire, the Indian Lac Association for Research, the Department
of Agriculture, Industry and Commerce in the Dutch East Indies,
the Bureaux of Science, Plant Industry and Forestry, Philippine
Islands, the Smithsonian Institution, Washington, the United States
Department of Agriculture, the Missouri Botanical Garden, St.
Louis, the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station,
Ithaca, the Arnold Arboretum and the Gray Herbarium of Harvard
University, and the University of California. Many publications
have been received from institutions in the U.S.S.R. in addition to
those from the Academy of Sciences, Leningrad. The Institute of
Applied Botany and New Cultures, Leningrad, and the Scientific
Research Institute of Cotton Culture and Industry, Nihi, Tashkent,
have contributed very liberally, and several issues of Soviet Sub¬
tropics, in Russian, published at Sukhoum, Abkhasia, have been
received.

Reprints, usually from periodicals, additional to those already
mentioned in the paragraph relating chiefly to independent works,
have been received from numerous authors, among whom are:
Mr. John Adams, Mr. S. Akiyama, Prof. Oakes Ames, Mrs. H. M. L.
Bolus, Dr. F. Bdrgesen, Miss A. Camus, Dr. E. B. Copeland, Dr. B.
H. Danser, Dr. £. De Wildeman, Prof. K. Dinter, Mr. H. N. Dixon,
Dr. G. Einar Du Rietz, Mr. H. Dusi, Prof. R. R. Gates, Dr. H. A.
Gleason, Dr. Marshall Howe, Mr. H, S. Jackson, Dr. F. Morton Jones,
Miss M. C. Karsten, Dr. R. Lemesle, Dr. W. R. Maxon, Mr. T. Petch,
Prof. K. von Poellnitz, Mr. J. Ramsbottorn, Prof. W. Robyns, Prof.
Harold St. John, Prof. C. Skottsberg, Dr. J. J. Smith, Dr. C. G. G.
van Steenis, Dr. W. T. Swingle, Mr. I. Theriot, Prof. F. Tobler, and
the late Prof. J. Valckenier Suringar.

A provisional map showing the types of vegetation in Southern
Rhodesia, prepared by the Division of Forestry in 1930, has been
received from the Chief Forest Officer, Salisbury, and a tourist map
of the north coast of New South Wales, 1916, from the Agent-General
for New South Wales.

INDEX.

Acacia brunnescens C. E. Parkinson,
103.

Aceratium, occurrence of the genus
in Australia, 42.

-concinnum C. T. White, 42.

-Doggrellii C. T. White, 42.

-ferrugineum C. T. White, 43.

Acioa Johnstonei Hoyle, 258.

Aconitum acaule Diels, identity of,
241.

-Dielsianum Airy-Shaw, 244.

-venatorium var. ecalcaratum

Airy-Shaw, 245.

Acrochaetium dwarkense Boergs.
(with fig.), 114.

-erectum Boergs. (with fig.), 114.

-sargassicola Boergs. (with figs.),

115.

-subseriatum Boergs. (with figs.),

118.

Adams, F., works on Diatomaceae
available on loan, 250, 352.

Aerangis floribunda Summerhayes,
509.

Africa, British East, Canthium in
(with figs.), 353.

Africa, Southern, notes on Flora of,
152, 443, 510.

-Tropical, Flora of, 208.

-new trees and shrubs from

(with figs.), 257.

-West Tropical, Chidlowia, a

new tree genus of Caesal-
piniaceae from (with plate),
101 .

African Grasses, notes on, 151.

-Orchids, 188, 338.

- Plants, Tropical, 94. j

Aghardhiella robusta Boergs., 127.
Aikman, J. (retirement of), 459.
Airy-Shaw, H. K., A Revision of the
genus Leycesteria, 161.

-On the identity of Aconi¬
tum acaule Diels, 241.

-Two new species of

Dentella, 289.

Albania, Contribution to Flora of,
193.

Algae, British marine, 110.

Aloe elgonica Bullock, 503.
Alseodaphne merguensis C. E.
Parkinson, 105.

Alston, A. H. G., Pteridophyta
collected by the Oxford Expedition
to British Guiana, 1929, 305.

Amani, preliminary inve'Sti^fceHa in *
grafting coffee at, 440.

Amellus capensis Hutch., 510.

America, Central North, Flora of
Prairies and Plains of, 303.

- Tropical, contributions to Flora

of, 18, 81, 183, 209, 305, 395.

Anemopaegma microcalyx Bur. et
K. Schum., 86.

Aniba hypoglauca Sandwith, 222.

Anotis trimera Craib, 137.

Appointments:—

Bodkin, G. E., 43.

Coutts, J., 155.

Ormsby, S. F., 459.

Robyns, W. A., 106.

Arenaria oxypetala, 450.

Argentina, a new Berberis from Chile
and, 454.

Aspidium pteroides Ballard, 75.

Assam, plants new to, 198, 348.

Astragalus elgonensis Bullock, 495.

Australia, occurrence of genus Acera¬
tium in, 42.

Ballard, F., The genus Mariscopsis,
457.

Banks, G. H., 43.

Barleria spinisepala Bruce, 98.

Begonia Wengeri C. E. 0. Fischer,
200 .

Berberis, a new, from Chile and
Argentina, 454.

- chillanensis Sprague, 455.

-var. hirsutipes Sprague,

456.

Besant, J. W., 44.

Bignoniaceae from British Guiana,
new and noteworthy, 81.

Biology, A second, 303.

Birds of West Tropical Africa, the,
416.

Bliss, D., 44.

Bodkin, G. E., 43.

Boergesen, F., Some Indian Rhodo-
phyceae, especially from the shores
of the Presidency of Bombay (with
plates and figs.), 113.

Bolbitis aliena Alston, 310.

-nicotianifolia Alston, 310.

-semipinnatifida A Iston, 310.

Bolivia, new species of Nototriche
from, 77.

Bolus, L., New South African Irid-
aceae, 326.

Bombay Presidency, Rhodophyceae
from shores of (with plates and
figs.), 113.

Books:—

Biographical Index of deceased
British and Irish Botanists, 111.
Biology, A Second, 303.

Birds of West Tropical Africa, the,
416.

Botanical Magazine, 44 (Dedica¬
tions), 108, 302.

Cacao, 351.

Chromosomes and Plant Breeding,
464.

Coconut, the, 208.

Conifers in cultivation, 300.

Curious Gardener, the, 414.

Flora of the Prairies and Plains of
Central North America, 303.
Flora of Tropical Africa, 208.

Forest trees and timbers of the
British Empire, 256.

Handbook of Empire Timbers, 415.
Handbook of some South Indian
Weeds, 463.

Handbook of the British Seaweeds,

110 .

Handbook of Coniferae, 45.
Handbook of Horticultural Prac¬
tices, 160.

Hooker’s leones Plantarum, 411.
Insects and Diseases of Ornamental
Trees and Shrubs, 414.
Mesembryanthema, 109.

Principles of Soil Microbiology,
413, 512.

Types of Vegetation in Southern
Rhodesia, 158.

Borneo, British North, contributions
towards a Flora of, 176, 292.
Botanical Magazine, 44, 108, 302.
Botanists, deceased British and Irish,
Biographical Index of, 111.

Breynia Vitis-idaea C. E. C. Fischer,
65.

British East Africa, Canthium in
(with figs.), 353.

British Guiana, new and noteworthy
Bignoniaceae from, 81.

-new Euphorbiaceae from,

183.

-new and noteworthy

species from, Burser-
aceae-Marantaceae, 209.

-Pteridophyta collected by

Oxford Expedition,
1929, 305.

British Guiana and Trinidad, Tabe-
buias erf, 18.

Brown, Dr. N. E., 155.

- T. W., 44.

Bullock, A. A., Canthium in British
East Africa (with figs.), 353.

-New Species from Mount

Elgon, 487.

Burma, contributions to Flora of, 103.
Burtt Davy, J., and Hoyle, A. C.,
New trees and shrubs from Tropical
Africa (with figs.), 257.

Cacao, 351.

Cadaba obovata E. A . Bruce, 94.
Calamintha elgonensis Bullock, 502.
Calycorectis Bergii Sandwith, 212.
Cameroons Mountain, the Grassland
Vegetation of the (with plates),
417.

Campanula spathulata var. Giuseppii
Milne-Redhead et Turrill, 453.
Canthium in British East Africa
(with figs.), 353.

- Brownii Bullock, 370.

- brunnescens Craib, 330.

- calcicolum Craib, 331.

- calvum Craib, 331.

- captum Bullock, 376.

- charadrophilum Bullock, 369.

- dityophyllum Bullock, 382.

- didymocarpum, 389.

- Diplodiscus Bullock, 39,7.

- egregium Bullock, 384.

- euryoides Bullock ex Hutch, et

J.M. Dalz., 384.

- ferrugineum Craib, 332.

- Greenwayi Bullock, 887.

- horridulum Craib, 332.

-indutum Bullock, 366.

-inopinatum Bullock, 389.

- Kaessneri (with fig.), 382.

- keniense Bullock, 377.

- lacus-Victoriae Bullock, 384.

- longipes Geddes, 333.

- malacocarpum Bullock, 384.

- melanophengos Bullock, 375.

- micans Bullock, 382.

-nitidum Craib, 334.

-pallidum Bullock (with fig.), 387.

-pubipes, 389.

-purpurascens Bullock, 368.

- quadrature Craib, 334.

- recurvifolium Bullock, 385.

- Robynsianum Bullock (with fig.),

377.

-ruwenzoriense Bullock, 376.

- sarmentosum Craib, 335.

- scabrosum Bullock, 367.

-sderocarpum Bullock, 375.

Canthium Siebenlistii Bullock, 379.

-sordidum Bullock, 366.

-stellulatum Craib, 335.

-strigosum Craib, 336.

- strychnoides Craib, 337.

- Stuhlmannii Bullock, 376.

-subaureum Craib, 337.

-subopacum Bullock, 380. *

- syringodorum Bullock, 373.

- venosum (with fig.), 371.

-vulgare Bullock, 374.

Carpolobia caudata Burtt Davy (with
figs.), 257.

Cheilanthes Belangeri, 47.

Chidlowia, a new tree genus of
Caesalpiniaceae from West Tropical
Africa (with plate), 101.

- Hoyle, gen. nov., 101.

- sanguinea Hoyle (with plate),

101 .

Chile, a new Berberis from, and
Argentina, 454. .

Chirita Elphinstonia Craib, 149.
Chironia elgonensis Bullock, 500.
ChlorophytumelgonenseBM/Zoc*, 503.
Chondria armata var. plumaris
Boergs. (with figs.), 134.

-armata var. typica Boergs., 134.

-comuta Boergs. (with figs.), 130.

Chromosomes and Plant Breeding,
464.

Chrysophyllum edule Hoyle, 269.
Cinchona Calisaya vax. Ledgeriana, 1.
Coccoloba gymnorrhachis Sandwith,
221 .

Coconut, the, 208.

Coffee, preliminary investigations in
grafting, at Amani, East Africa,
440.

Colombia, two new Ferns from, 134.
Combretum elgonense Exell, 491.
Commelina elgonensis Bullock, 506.

-Lugardii Bullock, 506.

Congress, Sixth International
Botanical, 158.

Coniferae, Handbook of, 44.

Conifers in Cultivation, 300.

Cooper, E. W., 43.

Comucopiae cucullatum, 452.
Corymbium Fourcadei Hutch., 510.
Cotton, A. D., A New Species of
Arborescent Senecio from Ruwen-
zori (Senecio erioneuron) (with
plate*), 438.

-The Arborescent Senecios

of Mount Elgon (with
plates), 465.

Couratari pulchra Sandwith, 217,
Coutts, J., 43, 155.

Crassula erubescens Bullock, 488.

-parvifolia E. A. Bruce, 94.

- Wrightiana Bullock, 487.

Crinum heterostylum Bullock, 505.
Crotalaria Lugaxdiorum Bullock, 493.
Curious Gardener, the, 414.

Curtis, C. H., 43.

Curtis’s Botanical Magazine Dedica¬
tions, 1827-1927, 44.

Cynosorchis parva Sunmierhayes, 338.
Cyperus Altsoni Ktikenthal, 322.

- subtenax Kitkenthal, 322.

Dallimore, W., 43.

Decades Kewenses, 317.

Dentella, two new species of, 289.

- concinna Airy-Shaw , 291.

- serpyllifolia Wallich ex Airy-

Shaw, 289.

Dialium reticulatum Burtt Davy et
MacGregor, 261.

Diatomaceae, Mr. F. Adams’s collec¬
tion of works on, available on loan,
250, 352.

Dichapetalum kumasiense Hoyle, 260.
Dicliptfcra Napierae E. A . Bruce, 99.
Dimeria avenacea C. E. C. Fischer,
72.

Dimorphandra, Mora and, in British
' Guiana, 395.

- congestifiora Sprague et Sand¬
with, 401.

- conjugata Sandwith, 406.

- cuprea Sprague et Sandwith,

402.

-Davisii Sprague et Sandwith, 400.

-Hohenkerldi Sprague et Sand¬
with, 403.

-macrostachya, 404.

Diseases of economic plants in
Tanganyika Territory, preliminary
list of, 28.

Disparago Kolbei Hutch., 511.

-rosea Hutch., 511.

Distictella Parkeri Sprague et Sand¬
with, 90.

Dombeya emarginata, E. A . Bruce, 94.
Driraia congesta Bullock, 504.

-elgonica Bullock, 504.

Druce, G. C. (obit.), 157.

Dryopteris minuscula Maxon, 135.

-obtusata Ballard, 75.

-perstrigosa Maxon, 135.

Duperrea scabrida Craib, 430.

Dyer, R. A., Notes on the Flora of
Southern Africa, 152,443.
Dyschoriste decumbens E. A. Bruce,
99.

Elgon, new species from Mount, 487.

-the Arborescent Senecios of

Mount, 465.

Empire Timbers, A Handbook of, 415.
Encephalartos kosiensis Hutch., 512.
Entandrophragma cylindricum
Sprague, 40.

-lucens Hoyle (with figs.), 267.

Eria Hindei Summerhayes, 321.

Erica orientalis R. A. Dyer, 449.
Eriocaulon Friesiorum Bullock, 507.
Eriochrysis Rangacharii C. E. C.

Fischer, 246. _

Erythrina rotundato-obovata E. G.
Baker, 95.

Erythrophysa alata Hutch . (withfig.),
i50.

Eschweilera decolorans Sandwith,
214.

- grata Sandwith, 216.

-Wachenheimii Sandwith, 215.

Euboea, Dr. Giuseppi’s collection
from, 1931, 248.

Eugenia Arawakorum. Sandwith, 211.

- essequibofinsis Sandwith, 211.

Euleycesteria Airy-Shaw, subgen.
nov„ 165.

Eulophia montis-Elgonis Summer-
hayes, 509.

Eupausandra Lanj., 184.
Euphorbiaceae, new, collected by the
Oxford University Expedition to
British Guiana, 1929, 183.
Euphorbia Euryops Bullock, 492.

Ferns, two new, from Colombia, 134.
Ferula montis-Elgonis Bullock, 495.
Ficus Parkeriana Sandwith, 227.
Fischer, C. E. C., Contributions to
the Flora of Burma, 103.

-Contributions towards a

Flora of British North
Borneo, 176, 292.

-Plants new to Assam,

198, 348.

Flora of Albania, Contribution to,
193.

-British North Borneo, Contri¬
butions towards, 176, 292.

-Burma, Contributions to, 103.

-the Nearer East, notes on,

193,248, 450.

-the Prairies and Plains of

Central North America, 303.

-Siam, Contributions to, 137,

276, 330, 425, 475.

Flora of Southern Africa, notes on,
152, 443, 510.

-Tropical Africa, 208.

--Tropical America, contribu¬
tions to, 18, 81, 183, 209, 305,
395.

Forest trees and timbers of the
British Empire, 256.

Forrest, G. (obit.), 106.

Fungi or diseases of economic plants
in Tanganyika Territory, prelim¬
inary list of, 28.

Galium afro-alpinum Bullock, 498.

- mollicomum Bullock, 498.

-var. Friesiorum Bullock,

498.

Gardenia lineata Craib, 287.

- mamillata Craib, 288.

- truncata Craib, 288.

Geraniums, cultivation for essential
oil, 205.

Gibbs, Hon. Vicary (obit.), 107.
Giuseppi, Dr. P. L., collection made
in Greece, 1931, 248.

Goebel, Karl Ritter von (obit.), 460.
Grasses, African, notes on, 151.
Grassland Vegetation of the Camer-
oons Mountain, the, 417.
Grateloupia indica Boergs. (with
plate), 119.

Greece, Dr. Giuseppi's collection
from, 1931, 248.

Green, M. L., Botanical names of
Lavender and Spike, 295.
Guttendge, J. J., 43.

Gynochthodes puberula Craib, 436.
Gynura montuosa Bullock, 499.

Haarera Hutch, et Bruce, gen. nov.,
96.

- altemifolia Hutch, et Bruce

(with figs.), 98.

Habenaria cirrhata, 189.

- Dalzielii Summerhayes, 339.

- Holubii Rolfe, 190.

- Johnsoni Rolfs, 188.

-Lelyi Summerhayes, 188.

-linguiformis Summerhayes, 340.

-longirostris Summerhayes, 192.

-Maitlandii Summerhayes , 341.

- obovata Summerhayes, 191.

-pauper Summerhayes, 341,

-phylacocheixa Summerhayes,

190.

Habenaria prionocraspedon Summer¬
hayes, 342.

-Walleri, 192.

Hackelia macrophylla, 298.

-uncinata C. E. C. Fischer, 298.

Hall, H. M. (obit.), 204.

Halymenia polydactyla Boergs. (with
plate and fig.), 122.

-porphyroides Boergs. (with

plate and figs.), 120.

-venusta Boergs. (with plate and

fig.)- 124.

Hay, Dr. Alfred, collection of flower
paintings and wood specimens pre¬
sented to Kew, 350.

Hemitelia strigosa Alston, 308.
Heracleum elgonense Bullock, 496.
Hermannia jacobeifolia R. A. Dyer,
154.

-resedifolia R. A. Dyer, <155.

Hexaglottis nana L. Bolus, 326.

Hill, Sir A. W., 298, 512.

-New species of Noto-

triche from Bolivia, 77.
Hippocratea Kennedyi Hoyle, 263.

-Vignei Hoyle, 264.

Holland, J. H., Ledger Bark and Red
Bark, 1, 304.

-Oiticica (Licania rigida),

406.

Holothxix elgonensis Summerhayes,
507.

Homalium neurophyllum Hoyle, 265.
Homeria odorata L. Bolus, 326.
Hooker’s leones Plantarum, 411.
Hopea Jacobi C. E. C. Fischer, 245.
Horticultural Practices, Handbook of,
160.

Hoskdng, A., 44.

Hoyle, A. C., Entandrophragma
cylindricum, 40.

-Chidlowia, a new tree

genus of Caesalpini-
aceae from West Tropi¬
cal Africa (with plate),
101 .

-and Burtt Davy, J.,

New trees and shrubs
from Tropical Africa
(with figs.), 257.

Hutchinson, J., Erythrophysa alata
(with fig.), 149.

-Notes on the Flora of

Southern Africa, III.
Miscellaneous New
Species, 510.

Hutchinsonia bugoyensis Bullock,
389.

-xanthotricha BuUock, 389.

Hypericum afromontanum Buttock,
492.

Hypoglossum spathulatum (with
figs.), 128.

Impatiens phlvctidoceras Bullock,
489.

im Thum, Sir E. (obit.), 461.

India, south, new or little known
plants from, 245.

Indian Rhodophyceae (with plates
and figs.), 113.

-Weeds, Handbook of some

South, 463.

Indigofera tanganyikensisE. G. Baker,
96.

Inezia, a new genus of Compositae
from South Africa, 297.

- E. P. Phillips, gen. nov., 297.

-mtegnfolia E. P. Phillips, 297.

Insects and Diseases of Ornamental
Trees and Shrubs, 414.

International Botanical Congress,
Sixth, 158.

Indaceae, new South African, 326.
Irving, W., 43.

Isachne Angladei C. E. C. Fischer,
323.

-Bourneorum C. E. C. Fischer,

324.

- Meeboldii C. E. C. Fischer, 323.

- setosa C. E. C. Fischer, 247.

Isoglossa ovata E. A. Bruce, 100.
Isotoma anethifolia Summerhayes,
318.

Ixora betongensis Graib, 425,

- bracteolata Craib, 426.

-brevidens Craib, 426.

- ebarbata Craib, 427.

-kratensis Craib, 427.

- Lakshnakarae Craib, 428.

- lunutica C. E. C. Fischer, 292.

- Parkinsoniana Craib, 428.

- straminea Craib, 429.

Jasmin urn triandrum C. E. C.

Fischer, 294.

Jones, J., 44.

Justicia striata Bullock, 502.

Kalanchoe Lugardii Bullock, 489.
Kew : Mr. W. E. Ledger’s collection
of succulents presented, 112.

- Bulletin, list of seeds for distri¬
bution, 352.

Kewites, R. H. S. honours to, 43,

Koemg collection in the Lund
Herbarium, 49, 256.

Lane, G. T., 44.

Lanjouw, J., Contributions to the
Flora of Tropical America : XI.
New Euphorbiaceae collected by
the Oxford University Expedition
to British Guiana, 1929, 183.
Laugeria " Vahl " = Terebraria
Kuntze, 349.

Lavandula latifolia, 296.

- officinalis, 296.

Lavender and Spike, botanical names
of, 295.

Lecythis Davisii Sandwith, 213.
Ledger Bark and Red Bark, 1, 304.
Ledger, Walter E., collection of
succulents presented to Kew, 112.
Lepidagathis hyalina var. aristata
C. E. C. Fischer, 201.

Leucas tricrenata Bulloch, 503.
Leycesteria, revision of the genus, 161.

-crocothyrsos Airy-Shaw, 170.

- formosa var. brachysepala

Airy-Shaw, 169.

- formosa var. glandulosissima

Airy-Shaw, 169.

-gracilis Airy-Shaw, 174.

Licania rigida, 406.

Limnophila sessilis C. E. C. Fischer,
62.

Limonium amoenum R. A . Dyer, 155.

-anthericoides R. A . Dyer, 155.

-avenaceum R. A. Dyer, 155.

-equisetinum R. A. Dyer, 155.

Linum virgultorum, 450.

Long, E. P., 44.

Lund Herbarium, Koenig collection
in, 49, 256.

Macedonia, Greek, Plants from
Sithonia (Longos) Peninsula, 453.
Maitland, T. D., 44.

-The Grassland Vegetation

of the Cameroon s Moun¬
tain (with plates), 417.
Marginaria ciliata Alston, 315.

-tecta Alston, 316.

Mariscopsis, the genus, 457.

-hyalinus Ballard, 458.

Marsden-Jones, E. M., and Turrill,
W. B., Researches on Silene mari-
thna and S. vulgaris, 229, 271.

Mason, Miss M. H. (obit.), 203.
Matthews, J. W., 44.

Maxon, W. R., Two new Ferns from
Colombia, 134.

Memora ovata Sprague et Sandwith,
93.

Mesembryanthema, 109.

Micranthus dorsiflorus C. E. C.
Fischer, 63.

Microsonum persicariaefolium A Is ton,
315.

- surinamense Alston, 315.

-Thumii Alston, 315.

Milne-Redhead, E., The genus Strobi-
lanthopsis, 344.

Miscellaneous Notes, 43, 106, 155,
203, 250, 298, 350, 411, 459, 512.
Molineria oligantha C. E. C. Fischer,
349.

Mora and Dimorphandra in British
Guiana, 395.

- excelsa, 396.

-Gonggrijpii Sandwith, 398.

Morinda dnnamomea Craib, 433.

- longifolia Craib, 434.

- nana Craib, 434.

- pumila Craib, 435.

- scabrida Craib, 435.

Mouriria Marshallii Burtt Davy et
Sandwith, 317.

Myrsine Gerrardii, 449.

Nearer East, Notes on Flora of, 193,
248, 450.

Nectandra praeclara Sandwith, 224.
Nototriche from Bolivia, new species
of, 77.

-anthemidifolia var. sericea

A . W. Hill, 80.

- coactilis A . W. Hill, 78.

-leucosphaera A. W. Hill, 78.

-nivea A . W. Hill, 79.

-obcuneata var. cinerea A. W.

Hill, 80.

- violacea A . W. Hill, 79.

Obituary Notices:—

Druce, G. C., 157.

Forrest, G„ 106.

Gibbs, Hon. Vicaxy, 107.

Goebel, Karl Ritter von, 460.

Hall, H. M„ 204.
im Thum, Sir E., 461.

Mason, Miss M. H., 203.

Ryan, G. M., 48.

Taylor, T. W., 112, 156.

Ogcodeia guianensis Mildbr., 228.
Oitidca (Licania rigida), 406.
Oldenlandia scopulorum Bulloch, 497.
Ophiorrhiza aggregata Craib, 137.

-alata Cratb, 138.

- angkae Cratb, 138.

-approximata Cratb, 139.

-bambnsetorum Craib, 139.

-bicolor Craib, 140.

-calcarea Craib, 141.

-condensa Craib, 141.

-kratensis Craib, 142.

-longifolia Craib, 142.

- longipes Craib, 143.

- membranacea Craib, 143.

- oblonga Craib, 144.

- patula Craib, 144.

-plumbea Craib, 145.

- Ridleyana Craib, 145.

- ripicola Craib, 146.

- Schmidtiana Craib, 147.

- subaequalis Craib, 147.

- subpunicea Craib, 148.

Orange Free State, new genus ol
grasses from, 151.

Orchids, African, 188, 338.

Ormsby, S. F., 459.

Ostryoderris Brownii Hoyle , 262.
Otophora edulis C. E. C. Fischer, 178.

Pachyptera foveolata DC., 83.

Page, H. W„ 43.

Panopsis sessilifolia Sandwith, 226. i
Paralestera Airy-Shaw, subgen. nov.,
166.

Pasania craterophora C. E. C. Fischer,
(with fig.), 319.

Pausandra integrifolia Lanj., 183,
Pausandrella Lanj., 184.

Pavetta aspera Craib, 430. 1

-brevituba Craib, 431. .

- fruticosa Craib, 431.

-nervosa Crash, 432.

-petiolaris Wall, ex Craib, 432. !

-pilosa Craib, 433.

Pavonia Burchellii R. A. Dyer, 152. I

- Rogersii N. E. Brown, 95.

Pelargonium aridum R. A. Dyer, 445.

-frutetorum JR. A . Dyer, 446.

- ovale, 444.

-parvirostre JR. A. Dyer, 445.

- salmoneum R. A. Dyer, 447.

Pellaea cambodiensis, 47.

Petunga pentamera C. E. C, Fischer,
181.

Phillips, E. P., Inezia, a new genus of
Compositae from South Africa,
297.

• Phthirusa monetaria Sandwith, 227.
Pinus larido, the name, 462.

Pisoma albiflora Heimerl, 219.

- glabra Heimerl, 220.

Pithecoctenium grannlosum Sprague
ei Sandwith, 89.

Plant Breeding, Chromosomes and,
464.

, Platycoryne montis-Elgon Summer-
I hayes, 508.

Plumbago montis-Elgonis Bullock,
501.

i Pogonarthria Brainii Stent, 325.

. Pollinidium binatum C. E. Hubbard,

1 72.

Polytaenium guayanense Alston, 314.

| Pratt, C. A., Researches on Silene
( maritima and S. vulgans: X.
Investigation of the Vascular
Anatomy of the Flowers of Silene
J maritima (with figs.), 390.

I Principles of Soil Microbiology, 413,
512.

. Prismatomeris filamentosaCrath, 436.

-memecyloides Craib, 437.

-mollis Craib, 437.

i Pseudopaegma oligoneuron Sprague
1 et Sandwith, 88.

Psychotria aganosmifolia Craib, 475.

, -alata Crash, 476.

- ardisioides Craib, 476.

-brunnescens Craib, 477.

- chartacea Craib, 477.

-ellipsoidea Craib, 478.

- fuscescens Craib, 478.

-- Hendersoniana Craib, 479.

-induta Craib, 479.

-kratensis Craib, 480.

- lineolata Craib, 480.

-lutescens Craib, 481.

-plana Craib, 481.

-polita Craib, 482*.

-rutila Cratb, 482.

- Smithiae Geddes, 483.

-vibumifolia Craib , 483.

-Winitii Craib, 484.

Pteridophyta collected by Oxford
Expedition to British Guiana,
1929, 305.

Pterocarpus Stevensonii Burtt Davy,
262.

Randia celastroidea Craib, 282.

- crassispina Geddes, 283,

-elliptica Geddes, 283.

-fusca Craib, 284.

- Keithii C. E. C. Fischer, 180.

1 -ligustrifolia Geddes, 284.

Randia murina Craib, 285.

-mussaendoides Craib, 286.

-pilosa Craib , 286.

- plumbea Craib, 287.

Rhodesia, Southern, types of vegeta¬
tion in, 158.

Rhodophyceae, Indian (with plates
and figs), 113.

Robyns, W. A., 106.

Rodway, Mr. Leonard, 459.

Roentgenia sordida Sprague et Sand-
with, 91.

Rubia longipetiolata Bullock, 497.

Ruwenzori, a new species of arbor¬
escent Senecio from (with plate),
438.

Ruyschia phylladenia Sandimth, 299.

Ryan, G. M. (obit.), 48.

Rytigynia amamensis Bullock, 389.

- Eickii Bullock, 389.

- kidaria Bullock, 389.

- phyllanthoidea Bullock, 389.

Salpichlaena Hookeriana Alston, 312.
Sandwith, N. Y., Contributions to
the Flora of Tropical America:

XII. New and noteworthy species
from British Guiana, mainly col¬
lected by the Oxford University
Expedition, 1929, 209

XTV". Mora and Dimorphandra
in British Guiana, 395.

-and Sprague, T.A.:

IX. The Tabebuias of British
Guiana and Trinidad, 18.

X. New and noteworthy Big-
noniaceae from British Guiana,
mainly collected by the Oxford
University Expedition, 1929, 81.

Sandwithia Lanj., gen. nov., 184.

-guyanensis Lanj. (with figs.),

185.

Saprosma brunneum Craib, 484.

-distans Craib, 485.

-latifolium Craib, 485.

-longicalyx Craib, 485.

-parvifolium Craib, 486.

Sarcocaulon spinosum, 444.

-Vanderietiae, 443.

Sarconema furcellatum (with fig.),
126.

Satyrium dizygoceras Summerhayes,
508.

-fimbriatum Summerhayes, 343.

Sdaphila guianensis Sandwith, 228.
Scilla albanica Turrill, 197.

-violacea Hutch., 511,

Scorpiurus muricata var. laevigata.

Seaweeds, British, Handbook of, 110
Seeds, Kew list of, 352.
Seemannaralia, 447.

- Gerrardii, 448.

Senecio, arborescent, a new species
from Ruwenzori (Senecio erio-
neuron) (with plate), 438.

-amblyophyllus Cotton, 473.

- elgonensis, 470.

- enoneuron Cotton ("with plate!

438.

- Gardneri Cotton, 471.

-Lugardae Bullock, 499.

Senecios, the arborescent, of Mount
Elgon (with plates), 465. *

Septoria Cotyledonis, 108.

Siam, contributions to the Flora of,
137, 276, 330, 425, 475.

Silene maritima and S. vulgaris.
Researches on, 229, 271, 390.
Sithoma (Longos) Peninsula, Greek
Macedonia, Plants from, 453.

Soil Microbiology, Principles of, 413,
512.

Sonenla khasiana C. B. Clarke, 199.

- villosa C. E. C. Fischer, 199.

South Africa ; Inezia, a new genus of
Compositae from, 297.

South African Iridaceae, new, 326.
Sparattanthelium guianense Sand¬
with, 225.

- septentrionale Sandwith, 226.

Spartina Townsendii, origin of, 46.
Spike and Lavender, botanical names
of, 295.

Sprague, T, A., A New Berberis
from Chile and Argentina, 454.

-Laugeria " Vahl ” =Tere-

braria Kuntze, 349.

-and Sandwith, N. Y.,

Contributions to the
Flora of Tropical
America:

IX. The Tabebuias of British
Guiana and Trinidad, 18.

X. New and noteworthy Big-
noniaceae from British Guiana,
mainly collected by the Oxford
University Expedition, 1929, 81.

Stapf, O., 44, 298.

Stent, S. M., Notes on African
Grasses, 151.

Stigmatopteris vaxians Alston, 309.
Strobilanthes trichophorus C. E. C.
Fischer , 202.

Strobilanthopsis, the genus, 344.

-linifolia Milne-Redhead, 346,

Strobilanthopsis prostrata Milne-
Redhead, 347.

Strychnos reticulata Burtt Davy et
HonarS, 270.

Summerhayes, V. S., African Orchids,
188, 338.

Swertia Lugardae Bulloch, 500.

Tabebuia aquatilis Sprague et Sand-
wiih, 21.

- dura Sprague et Sandwith, 21.

- floccosa Sprague et Sandwith, 27.

-- hypolepra Sprague ei Sandwith,

25.

- subtilis Sprague et Sandwith, 23.

Tabebuias of British Guiana and
Trinidad, 18.

Tanganyika Territory, preliminary
list of Fungi or Diseases of Econ¬
omic plants in, 28.

Tarenna cinerea Craib, 276.

- cinnamomea Craib, 277.

- elliptica Craib, 278.

- hirsuta Craib, 278.

- hispidula Craib, 279.

- puberula Craib, 279.

- pubescens Craib, 280.

- sakae Craib, 280.

- valida Craib, 281.

- viridis Craib, 282.

Tarigidia Stent, gen. nov., 151.

- aequiglumis Stent, 151.

Taylor, T. W„ 44, 112 (obit.), 156.
Tecleopsis Hoyle et Leakey, gen. nov.,
266.

- glandulosa Hoyle et Leakey, 266.

Terebraria densiflora Sprague, 350.

- resinosa Sprague, 350.

Tetragastris phanerosepala Sandwith,

209.

Thelypteris serrata Alston, 309.

- funesta Alston, 309.

Thyrsodium dasytrichum Sandwith,

210 .

Toms, K. E., Preliminary Investiga¬
tions in Grafting Coffee at Amani,
East Africa, 440.

Trees and shrubs from Tropical
Africa, new (with figs.), 257.
Trichomanes cordifolium Alston, 306.
Trifolium leucanthum, 452.

-Lugardii Bullock, 494.

Trinidad and British Guiana, Tabe¬
buias of, 18.

Trochomeria Harmsiana Bullock, 490.

Turrill, W. B., On the Flora of the
Nearer East:

XI. A contribution to the Flora
of Albania, 193.

XII. Dr. Giuseppi’s 1931 collec¬
tion from Euboea and other parts
of Greece, 248.

XIII. Miscellaneous new records
and extensions of known distri¬
butions, 450.

-and Marsden-Jones, E.M.,

Researches on Silene
maritima and S. vul¬
garis, 229, 271.

Tylophora Lugardae Bullock, 496.

Urginea porphvrantha Bullock, 505.

Urophyllum oblongum Craib, 276.

Vaccinium adenurum C. E. C. Fischer,
293.

Vahlia pentandra C. E. C. Fischer, 56.

Valerianella orientalis, 160.

Yateria copallifera C. E. C. Fischer,
51.

\V.

Wakely, C., 44.

Wallace, G. B„ Preliminary List of
Fungi or Diseases of Economic
plants in Tanganyika Territory, 28.

, Watsonia Archbelliae L. Bolus, 329.

I -Comptonii L. Bolus, 330.

-var. angustifolia I. Bolus,

330.

- Emiliae L. Bolus, 327.

- Hutchinsonii L. Bolus, 328.

-Leipoldtii L. Bolus, 328.

-pauciflora L. Bolus, 328.

- Ryderae L. Bolus, 326.

White, C. T., The occurrence of the
genus Aceratium (Elaeocarpaceae)
in Australia, 42.

Williams, R. O., 44.

Wood Anatomists, International
Association of, 108.

Xanthophyllum Arsatii C. E. C.
Fischer, 176.

Printed under tie authority of Hxs Majesty's Stationery Oejtck.
By The South Essex Becorders, Ltd., High Eoad, Ilford,

(4) Wt. 71/28 025 2/33 S.E.R. Ltd. Op, 8.

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